1 CORM 2013

CORM 2013 Annual Meeting May 8th, 2013

Overview of new SSL Standards

under Development through the

IES/TPC

Cameron Miller

NIST

2 CORM 2013

Illumination Engineering Society Regional/District/Section Organizational Structure

3 CORM 2013

Testing Procedures Committee Committee Organizational Structure

4 CORM 2013

Standards

• Designation of IES Publications

– LM – Lighting Measurement (ex: IES LM-79-08)

– RP – Recommended Practice (ex: IES RP-1-04)

– TM – Technical Memoranda (ex: IES TM-21-11)

– LEM – Lighting Energy Management

– DG – Design Guides

– G – Guidelines

5 CORM 2013

LM & TM - Application • Outdoor

– General • LM-10-96 Photometric Testing of Outdoor Fluorescent Luminaires • LM-11-97 Photometric Testing of Search Lights • LM-35-02 Testing of Floodlights Using HID and Incandescent Filament Lamps • LM-48-01 Testing and Calibration of Locking-Type Photoelectric Control Devices Used in

Outdoor Applications

– Roadway • LM-31-95 Photometric Testing of Roadway Luminaires Using Incandescent Filament and HID

Lamps • LM-50-99 Photometric Measurement of Roadway Lighting Installations • LM-52-03 Photometric Measurements of Roadway Sign Installations • LM-64-01 Photometric Measurements of Parking Areas • LM-68-00 The Photometric Evaluation of Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads • LM-71-96 (R2001) Photometric Measurements of Tunnel Lighting Installations

• Indoor • LM-37-97 Determining Average Luminance for Indoor Luminaires • LM-46-04 Photometric Testing of Indoor Luminaires Using HID or Incandescent Filament Lamps • LM-73-04 (R2010) Photometric Testing of Entertainment Lighting Luminaires • LM-76-02 (R2009) Photometric Testing of Fiber Optics Lighting System • LM-81-10 Photometric Testing of Skylights and Tubular Daylighting Devices Under Hemispherical

Sky Conditions

6 CORM 2013

LM & TM – Light Source • General

– LM-9-09 Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Fluorescent Lamps – LM-20-94 IESNA Approved Method for Photometric Testing of Reflector-Type Lamps – LM-45-09 Electrical and Photometric Measurement of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps – LM-51-00 Electrical and Photometric Measurements of High Intensity Discharge Lamps – LM-66-11 Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Single-Ended Compact Fluorescent Lamps – LM-79-08 Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products – LM-85-13 Electrical, Photometric and Thermal Measurements of High Power LED Packages

• Life and Lumen Maintenance Test – LM-40-10 Approved Method for Life Performance Testing of Fluorescent Lamps – LM-47-12 Approved Method for Life Testing of High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps – ANSI/IES LM-49-12 Life Testing of Filament Lamps – LM-65-10 Life Testing of Single-Ended Compact Fluorescent Lamps – LM-80-08 Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources – TM-21-11 Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources

• Thermal Aspects – LM-56-91 Photometric and Thermal Testing of Air-Cooled Heat Transfer Luminaires – LM-62-06 Laboratory or Field Thermal Measurements of Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts in

Luminaires – LM-82-12 Characterizations of LED Light Engines and LED Lamps for Electrical and Photometric

Properties as a Function of Temperature

7 CORM 2013

LM & TM – Reference • Data Transfer

– LM-15-03 IESNA Guide for Reporting General Lighting Equipment Engineering Data for Indoor Luminaries

– ANSI/IES LM-63-02 (R2008) ANSI Approved Standard File Format for Electronic Transfer of Photometric Data and Related Information

– LM-67-94 Calculation Procedures and Specification of Criteria for Lighting Calculations – LM-72-03 (R2010) Directional Positioning of Photometric Data – LM-74-05 Standard File Format For the Electronic Transfer of Luminaire Component Data

• Guides – LM-5-04 IESNA Guide for Photometric Measurements of Area and Sports Lighting Installments – LM-16-93 IESNA Guide to Light Source Colorimetry – LM-28-89 Selection, Care and Use of Electrical Instruments in the Photometric Laboratories – LM-44-90 IES Approved Method for Total and Diffuse Reflectometry – LM-54-13 Lamp Seasoning – LM-58-13 IESNA Guide to Spectroradiometric Measurements – LM-61-06 Identifying Operating Factors Influencing Measured Vs. Predicted Performance for Installed

Outdoor High Intensity Discharge (HID) Luminaires – LM-69-01 Interpretation Guide for Roadway Reports – LM-70-00 IESNA Approved Guide to Near-Field Photometry – LM-75-01 Goniophotometer Types and Photometric Coordinates – LM-77-09 Intensity Distribution of Luminaires and Lamps Using Digital Screen Imaging Photography – LM-78-07 Total Luminous Flux Measurement of Lamps Using an Integrating Sphere Photometer

8 CORM 2013

TPC Structure • TPC Chair – Cameron Miller • TPC Vice-chair – Becky Kuebler • Secretary – Dave Ellis • Treasurer - Jianzhong Jiao • Sub A (Indoor) Chair – Gary Steinberg

– 14 documents

• Sub B (Lamp) Chair – Greg McKee – 17 documents

• Sub C (Outdoor) Chair – Mike Grather – 11 documents

• Sub S (SSL) Chair – Emil Radkov – 12 documents

9 CORM 2013

TPC Meetings

• Spring and Fall meetings

– 3 ½ days (casual)

– Main meeting, working group meetings, summary

– Locations change based on TPC vote

– 40 – 50 members attend

10 CORM 2013

Developing a standard

• Initiation – Proposal for a standard in a committee – Suggestions from a published white paper

• Form a working group – Establish scope – Draft document

• Sub-committee review – Review the document – Vote through balloting

• Main committee review – Review the document – Vote through balloting

• Technical board review

Initiation

Working group

Sub-committee

Main committee

Technical Board Review

Press

Periodic Review & Revision

11 CORM 2013

Initiation of a new standard

xkcd.com/927/

12 CORM 2013

SSL LMs and TMs

Luminaire

Electronics

LED packages

Thermal management

Optics/Phosphors

LM-82

LM-79

AC LEDs

TM-28

TM-26

Waveform

Remote Phosphor

LED Reliability

UL Standards JEDEC Standards

NEMA – ANSLG - ANSI

LM-84

LM-85 LM-80 TM-21

13 CORM 2013

IES LM-79 History

• 2004 Lamp Testing Engineers Conference (LTEC)

– 7 Laboratories measured a commercial product • Directional, Red-Green-Blue source

• Operates on 120 V, 60 Hz AC

• No test method or procedure provided

– Found inconsistent test results

14 CORM 2013

IES LM-79 development • DOE Energy Star program needed to reference a standard for photometric/electrical testing of SSL products

• IES Testing Procedure Committee – Fall 2005

– Solid-State Lighting Subcommittee established – Salina, KS

– Project 78: IES Guide for Measurement of L.E.D.s

• Spring 2006 – Philadelphia, PA

– First meeting of the Solid-State Lighting Subcommittee

– Chairman: Kevin Dowling

• Fall 2007 – Portland, ME

– Project 78 takes it final shape

– Voted on by the main committee

• Spring 2008 – LM-79 is published

15 CORM 2013

A Look Into LM-79

lm

• LM-79 covers measurements using integrating sphere systems using photodetectors or spectroradiometers.

16 CORM 2013

A Look Into LM-79 • LM-79 also covers

measurements using goniophotometer or goniospectroradiometer/ goniocolorimeter systems.

17 CORM 2013

LM-80: LED Lumen Maintenance Test • Scope

To provide the methods of the measurement of lumen maintenance of sources including LED packages, arrays and modules only… Performance in a particular application may be different. This approved method does not provide guidance or make any recommendation regarding predictive estimations or extrapolation for lumen maintenance beyond the limits of the lumen maintenance determined from actual measurements.

18 CORM 2013

TM-21: LED Lumen Maintenance Projection Provide a calculation tool to interpret the data collected from LM-80 testing; to provide users with lumen maintenance life (e.g., L70) projection, or to predict estimated lumen output values at a given time duration; to interpolate lumen maintenance behaviors for the in-situ temperature (different from testing temperature)

19 CORM 2013

LED Lumen Changes Over Time • Degradation mechanism, phases, and causes

– Chip (die) degradation for initial and long-term caused by: temperature, driving current

– Package (LED structure) degradation caused by: temperature, short wavelength photon radiation

– Converter (phosphor) degradation caused by: temperature, driving current, humidity

20 CORM 2013

TM-21 Development • Challenge - long-term projection with short-term data – Studied several possible (9) models that express potential LED physical

lumen decay behaviors using over 40 sets of LM-80 data collected

– Study shows many LEDs exhibit some rapid changes over the first 1,000 or more hours

– Statistics of model-fitting using only 6,000 hours of LM-80 data was not conclusive enough to find a suitable model to represent lumen output degradation

– LED lumen depreciation trends often change after 6,000 hours in one way or another

21 CORM 2013

TM-21 Development • Sample size recommendation

– 20 samples to project 6 times of test duration

– 10 to19 samples to project 5.5 times test duration

22 CORM 2013

LM-85: LED Photometry Test • Issues for measuring high power LEDs

– LEDs in SSL products are operating at much higher temperature. lm/W drops to 1/2.

– lm/W values announced for different conditions

– A standard for high power LED specifications under realistic conditions (as used in luminaires)

• Measurement gaps

– LED manufacturers: Pulse measurement at Ta = Tj = 25 oC

– Lighting industry (traditional lamp manufacturers, Luminaire manufacturers, testing laboratories): DC measurement at Ta = 25 oC (LED thermal condition not defined)

23 CORM 2013

LM-82: Light Engine Temperature Dependence • Scope

– This approved laboratory method describes the procedures to be followed and precautions to be observed in performing reproducible measurements of LED light engines and integrated LED lamps, at any given temperature. The measurements include temperature, total luminous flux, electrical power, and chromaticity.

Luminous Flux (lm)

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

880

900

37.1°C 62.1°C 70.0°C

Luminous Efficacy (lm/W)

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

37.1°C 62.1°C 70.0°C

24 CORM 2013

LM-82: Proficiency Testing

• Characterizing potential devices – Different manufacturers

– Different measurement methods

– Different temperature sensitivities

• Develop a robust protocol • Ensure in house equipment is dedicated to the proficiency testing process

25 CORM 2013

Additional LMs and TMs • AC LED measurements

• Optical waveform measurements

• OLED measurements

• LM-84: LED Lamps, Light Engines and Luminaire Lumen and Color Maintenance test

• TM-28: Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Lamps, Light Engines, and Luminaire

• TM-26: Projection of LED Rated Life

• Remote Phosphor Device Testing

• LED Reliability Testing

• Projecting Chromaticity of LEDs

• Guide for End Users to IES SSL Standards

26 CORM 2013

ANSI Accreditation

• American National Standards Institute – Founded in 1918

• Five engineering societies

• Three government agencies

– 501(c)3 private, not-for-profit organization

– Does not develop standards

– Maintains the United States Standards Strategy, December 2, 2010

– Membership comprised of government, industry, academia, and individual entities

27 CORM 2013

ANSI Accreditation

• American National Standards Institute

– Accredits the procedures of standard developing organizations (SDOs)

– About 200 SDOs are presently accredited

• > 600 SDOs in the United States

– Approves American National Standards (ANS)

– Accredits U.S. Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) to the International Standard Organization (ISO) Technical Committees

– Accredit product and personnel certification programs

28 CORM 2013

US Government & Standards • Us Government law and policy requires Federal

agencies to use international, voluntary consensus standards in their procurement and regulatory activities, expect where inconsistent with law or otherwise impractical. – Trade Agreements Acts of 1979 (TAA), amended Dec 1994 – National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

(NTTAA), Mar 1996 – Office of Management and Budget Circular A-119 Revised:

Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities, Feb 1998

– M-12-08, Principles for Federal Engagement in Standards Activities to Address National Priorities, Jan 2012

29 CORM 2013

International Standard? • World Trade Organization G/TBT/1/Rev.10 Decisions and Recommendations adopted by the WTO committee on technical barriers to trade since 1 January 1995 (9 June 2011)

– In 2000, the Committee adopted a Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations with Relation to Articles 2, 5 and Annex 3 of the TBT Agreement.

– Annex B – Decision of the committee on principles for the development of international standards, guides and recommendations with relation to Articles 2, 5 and Annex 3 of the agreement

– Transparency, Openness, Impartiality and Consensus, Effectiveness and Relevance, Coherence, and Development Dimension

30 CORM 2013

Thank you

Questions?