Outline One

Directions:

Choose two Golden Age civilizations, and for each one:

Describe at least two specific achievements during that civilization’s Golden Age.

Explain how these achievements affected culture(s).

Choose a document that would support your achievement.

Civilizations Two Achievements and Its

Influence on Cultures

Document to Support

Document One

Document 2 This excerpt is from the textbook World History: Connections to Today (Ellis, Elisabeth

Gaynor, Esler, Anthony Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999).

Common Principles of Roman Law:

People of the same status are equal before the law.

An accused person is innocent until proven guilty.

The accused should be allowed to face his or her accuser and defend against the

charge.

Guilt must be established “clearer than daylight” through evidence.

Document 3 This excerpt, about Han China’s technology advancements, is from the World History:

Connections to Today (Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, Esler, Anthony Upper Saddle River, New

Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999)

In its time, Han China was the most technologically advanced civilization in the

world. Cai Lun, an official of the Han Court, invented a method for making

durable paper out of wood pulp. His basic method is still used to manufacture paper

today. The Chinese also pioneered advanced methods of shipbuilding and invented

the rudder to steer.

Document 4 This excerpt, about Gupta India’s medical achievements, is from the textbook World

History: Connections to Today (Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, Esler, Anthony. Upper Saddle

River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999).

By Gupta times, Indian physicians had pioneered the use of herbs and other

remedies to treat illness. Surgeons were skilled in setting bones and in simple plastic

surgery to repair facial injuries. Doctors also began vaccinating people against

smallpox about 1,000 years before this practice was used in Europe.

Document 5

Wheelbarrow

Compass The ladle, which was carved from lodestone, swivels on

the polished bronze base so that the handle always points

to the south.

Paper Making Wet pulp was dried on screens

to make paper.

Stirrup

Outline Two:

Religion in the Eastern Hemisphere Directions:

Fill in the chart regarding eastern religions.

Civilization How did religions unify

people?

Include a document that

will support the unification

of people.

How did Religion Divide

People?

Include a document that

will support the division of

people.

Document 1:

Egyptians had many gods. Some, like Atum, were worshipped by pharaoh and the priests

in temples. Others, like Bes, were worshipped by people in their homes.

ATUM BES

www.ancientegypt.com

Document 2:

The Indian religion of Hinduism is based on a book called the Rig-Veda. In this book

society is divided into four classes. Brahmans, or priests, are the highest classes.

Kshatriya, or warriors, were next. Vaishya, or traders and landowners were third. Shudra

or peasants were on the bottom.

The Hindu religion kept this system in place in India for many centuries. A person born

into one of these classes was stuck in there for life.

Document 3:

The kingdom of Ancient Israel was established around the belief in one god. This belief

was called monotheism.

This menorah is a symbol of the people of Israel’s belief in one god. The religion was

the most important aspect of Israeli life.

www.penncharter.com

Document 4:

The Roman government saw fit to persecute1 the Christians from time to time, especially

during unsettled periods when a popular reform movement arose to return to the old

Roman ways and values. Many condemned Christians to death in the arena or by formal

execution for not sharing Roman beliefs.

The crowds who came to witness the games were a different matter altogether.

Sometimes they became worked up into a frenzy of hate. They considered the Christians

to be antisocial scum and clamored for a painful death for them in the arena, being

mauled and torn apart by wild beasts or forced to fight gladiators who killed them for a

public spectacle.

www.myron.sjsu.edu

Document 5:

Before the dawn of Islam in the early seventh century C.E., the peoples of the Arabian

Peninsula were widely varied religiously, politically, and culturally. With the founding of

Islam in present-day Saudi Arabia by Mohammed, these peoples were united in a

common belief, language, and government. The Arabs of the pre-Islamic period were

unsophisticated when compared with their neighbors, the Byzantines and the Persians. It

was Islam that brought the civilization out of this rut and into a more modern, civilized

world. Islam was to become the unifying force in Arabia.

Millions of Muslims gather daily to worship together

wwwgeocities.com/SHOH/7930/ARABIAHTM

Outline Three:

The Influence of Geography on History

Directions: Fill in the chart below.

Civilization Geographical Feature and

one document to support

the feature

Geographical Feature’s

Influence on the People of

the Area and one

document to support the

influence

Document #1

Old Stone Age

* 150,000 to 10,000 years ago

* made weapons and tools of stone and wood

* fished and hunted for food

* sewed clothing of animal skins

* lived in caves

* used fire for warmth and cooking

Middle Stone Age

* 10,000 to 8,000 years ago

* life much the same as Old Stone Age

* certain animals were domesticated (dogs and goats)

New Stone Age

* 8,000 to 6,000 years ago

* learned to farm

* raised animals

* learned to weave baskets, make clothing from plant fibers and

wool,

make clay pots

* invented the wheel

Document #2

Physical Map of China

Document #3

"Gilgamesh … built a wall around his city to make it safe against attack. Its pinnacles

shone like brass. Its outer surface was armored with stone cladding [facing], every brick

had been hardened in the fire. The people of Uruk groaned beneath the burden of the

building of the wall, for Gilgamesh drove them on without pity. … The drums that

summoned the people to work were sounded without pause, so that the son had no time to

spend with his father, nor the lover with his lady."

—The Gilgamesh Epic

Document #4

"I opened passages for the streams throughout the nine provinces, and conducted them

to the sea. I deepened the channels and canals, and conducted them to the streams."

—The Legend of Yu

Document #5

Geography of the Ancient Middle East

India’s Great Civilization

Directions: Choose two religions practiced in India and complete the chart below.

Name of Religion Influence of Religion on

the people of India

Document to support

influence

Document 1 From the Upanishads, Hindu sacred texts: “As a caterpillar, having reached the end of a blade of grass, takes hold of another blade, then draws it body from the first, so the Self, having reached the end of his body, takes hold of an other body, then draws itself from the first.”

Document 2 As the Buddha outlined in The Four Noble Truths: “The thirst for existence leads from rebirth to rebirth; lust and pleasure follow. Power alone can satisfy lust. The thirst for power, the thirst for pleasure, the thirst for existence; there, O monks, is the origins of suffering.”

Document 3

The Wheel of Life is one of the most important symbols of Buddhism, as it represents

the endless cycle of life through reincarnation and because each of its eight spokes

represents one of the teachings of the Eightfold Path.

1. Know that suffering is caused by desire.

2. Be selfless and love all life.

3. Do not lie, or speak without cause.

4. Do not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous acts.

5. Do not do things which promote evil.

6. Take effort to promote righteousness.

7. Be aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotions.

8. Learn to meditate.

Document 4

Document 5

Outline Five

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer on the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Reasons for the

Fall/Decline of the

Western Roman Empire

How Factor contributed

to the fall/decline of the

Western Roman Empire

Document to support

the factor of decline/fall

Factor One

Factor Two

Document #1:

"The basic trouble was that very few inhabitants of the empire believed that the

old civilization was worth saving… the overwhelming majority of the population had

been systematically excluded from political responsibilities. They could not organize to

protect themselves; they could not serve in the army… Their economic plight was

hopeless. Most of them were serfs bound to the soil, and the small urban groups saw

their cities slipping into uninterrupted decline.”

-An excerpt from a textbook, The Course of Civilization by Strayer, Gatzke, and

Harbison

Document #2

“The decline of Rome was the natural and inevitable effect of immoderate greatness

(large size)…The introduction…of Christianity, had some influence on the decline and

fall of the Roman empire. The clergy successfully preached the doctrine of patience; the

active virtues of society were discouraged; and the last remains of military spirit were

buried in the cloister; a large portion of public and private wealth was consecrated to

the…demands of charity and devotion.”

-An excerpt from The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbons

Document #3

First the economic factor…While the empire was expanding, its prosperity was fed by

plundered wealth and by new markets in the semi-barbaric provinces. When the empire

ceased to expand, however, economic progress soon ceased…

The immediate source and sign of evil was the institution of slavery. The abundance of

slaves led to the growth of the latifundia, the great estates that…came to dominate

agriculture and ruin the free coloni (farmers) who drifted to the cities, to add to the

unemployment there. The abundance of slaves likewise kept wages low.”

-This excerpt is from Uses of the Past by Herbert J. Muller

Document #4

“…Part of the money went into…the maintenance of the army and the vast bureaucracy

required by a centralized government…the expense led to strangling taxation…There

were land taxes, property taxes, occupation taxes, poll taxes…The heart was taken our of

enterprising men…tenants fled from their farms and businessmen and workmen from

their occupations. Private enterprise was crushed and the state was forced to take over

many kinds of business to keep the machine running. People learned to expect something

for nothing. The old Roman virtues of self-reliance and initiative were lost in that part of

the population on relief (welfare)…The central government undertook such far-reaching

responsibility in affairs that the fiber of the citizens weakened.”

-excerpt from The New Deal in Old Rome by Henry Haskell

Document #6