Orgl Status.doc

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Organizational Status

1. Meaning of Status

Status is the social rank of a person in a group . It is a mark of the amount of recognition,

honor, and acceptance given to a person. Within groups, differences in status apparently have

been recognized ever since civilization began. Wherever people gather into groups, status

distinctions are likely to arise, because they enable people to affirm the different

characteristics and abilities of group members. Individuals are bound together in status

systems, or status hierarchies, which define their rank relative to others in the group. If they

become seriously upset over their status, they are said to feel status anxiety. Chester Barnard,

stated, !he desire for improvement of status and especially the desire to protect status appear

to be the basis of a sense of general responsibility". #ince status is important to people, they

will work hard to earn it. If it can be tied to actions that further the company$s goals, then

employees are strongly motivated to support their company. It is beneficial because it helps

people to cooperate with one another. #tatus re%uires ranking and comparison of persons in

the social system. #ome may have higher status or lower status as compared$ with others.

Individuals are bound together in a #tatus #ystem or #tatus hierarchy which defines their

relative ranks in the system. &verybody in the society makes serious efforts to raise his status.

#ome lose their status or $lose face$ in the society and its seriousness is widely recognized.

#ometimes people are very much disturbed about their status and, when they are not able to

change it in spite of their best efforts, they are said to have status'anxiety. (oss of status is a

very serious even for a person and everyone must try to develop or maintain his status. It may

be called $a sense of general responsibility. #tatus may be formal or informal. ) formal status

refers to the rank assigned to a, person by an authority in an organizational structure. Informal

status refers to social rank accorded to people because of their feelings towards them.Informal social system awards the informal status. #tatus is an important drive for a person to

work hard to achieve it sometimes without asking for any extra remuneration or other

tangible benefits. When status is attached to some actions that further the company$s goals,

strong incentives are offered for their accomplishment. #tatus tends to be important only in a

particular social group * where the status is accorded. +rganizational status is the standing or

position of an organization in a stratification system based on social honor or esteem. !his

definition draws on ax Weber$s conception of status as a dimension of vertical ordering

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distinct from those of class life chances in a market/ and power the capacity to command

the actions of others/. Weber had in mind people, but his tripartite classification of

stratification systems is reasonably applied to organizations as well. !he concept of status in

recent organizational study is associated primarily with the writing of -odolny 0112/ , who

views it as a generalized and fungible resource enabling, in his research, leading investment

banks to charge their corporate clients higher premium for similar services. 3owever, the idea

that organizations may be ranked or stratified by status, prestige, honor, and legitimacy has

been floating around organizational theory for some time, if never commanding center stage.

-errow 0140/ saw organizations such as hospitals making claims to prestige before various

publics as a strategy of managing resource dependence. #uch claims, he suggested, were

especially likely where the organizations$ capabilities and outputs were sufficiently complex

or ambiguous that they were difficult for outsiders to assess.

2. Importance of Status

#tatus is significant to organizational behavior in several ways. When employees are

consumed by the desire for status itoften is the source of employee problems and conflicts

that management needs to solve. It influences the kinds of transfers that employees will take,

because they don$t want to low status location or 5ob assignment. It helps determine who will

be an informal leader of a group, and it definitely serves to motivate those seeking to advance

in the organization. #ome people are status seekers, wanting a 5ob of high status regardless of

other working conditions. !hese people can be encouraged to %ualify themselves for high'

status 5obs so that they will feel rewarded. #ome organizations have consciously sought to

use their knowledge of the impact of status symbols to reduce these indicators 6ational Bank

of 7eorgia chose an open office layout in its new head%uarters so as to foster open

communications and consensus, !op executives at 3ome Box +ffice avoided choosing theprestigious top fifteenth/ floor of their new building and instead selected the eighth floor for

greater proximity to the marketing and programming departments. &xecutives at (ake

#uperior -aper Company choose to wear casual clothes similar to those of the mill

employees/ so as to remove the potential status barrier between the two groups. ore and

more, organizations are removing reserved parking spots and placing everyone on an e%ual

basis in the parking lot, too. !hese illustrations provide some evidence that there has been a

backlash in our society against too many status symbols. #ome speakers argue that an

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overemphasis pm status has created, or at least magnified, a gap between the haves and the

have. W a result, some contemporary employees re5ect traditional symbols of status when

those are available to them. !hey choose to wear clothes of their own to work9 they don$t

always drive higher'priced cars9 and they prefer to mingle other employees despite having

access to an executive dining room after receiving a promotion.

3. Benefits of Status

' It allows us to more easily get what you want in social situations

' It allows us to make friends and build alliances with a greater number of driven, successful,

high %uality individuals than you$d otherwise be able to

' It allows us to retain the attraction and loyalty of women in difficult situations : even when

not present.

On Norms and Conformity

3igh'status members are less restrained by norms and pressure to conform. #ome level of

deviance is allowed to high'status members so long as it doesn;t affect group goal

achievement.

On Group Interaction

3igh'status members are more assertive. (arge status differences limit diversity of ideas and

creativity.

On Equity

If status is perceived to be ine%uitable, it will result in various forms of corrective behavior.

Income and status

#tatus inconsistency is a situation where an individual$s social positionshave both positive

and negative influences on his or her social status.


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this method, to keep the rulers in one family. !his usually occurs at birth without any

reference as to how that person may turn out to be a good or bad leader.

Social mobility and social status

#tatus can be changed through a process of social mobility.#ocial mobility is change of

position within the stratification system. ) move in status can be upward upward mobility/,

or downward downward mobility/. #ocial mobility allows a person to move to another social

status other than the one he or she was born in. #ocial mobility is more fre%uent in societies

where achievement rather than ascription is the primary basis for social status. #ocial

mobility is especially prominent in the =nited #tates in recent years with an ever'increasing

number of women entering into the workplace as well as a steady increase in the number of

full'time college students. !his increased education as well as the massive increase in

multiple household incomes has greatly contributed to the rise in social mobility obtained by

so many today. With this upward mobility9 however, comes the philosophy of >eeping up

with the ?oneses that so many )mericans obtain. )lthough this sounds good on the surface,

it actually poses a problem because millions of )mericans are in credit card debt due to

conspicuous consumption and purchasing goods that they do not have the money to pay for.

4. Sources of Status!he sources of status are numerous, but in a typical work situation several sources are easily

identified. &ducation and 5ob level are two important sources of higher status. ) person$s

abilities, 5ob skills, and type of work also are ma5or sources of status.


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+ther sources of status are amount of pay, seniority, age, and stock options. -ay gives

economic recognition and an opportunity to have more of the amenities of life, such as travel.

#eniority and age often earn for their holder certain privileges, such as first choice of vacation

dates, or the respect of coworkers for their longevity at work. ethod of pay hourly versus

salary/ and working conditions can also provide important status distinctions, such as

distinguishing blue'collar and white'collar work. #tock options provide employees with the

opportunity to share the financial success of the firm.

We can summarize the sources of status which mentioned above as follows@

0. &ducation

8. ?ob level

2. )bilities

A. ?ob skill

. +ccupation

4. -ay

. #eniority

D. )ge

1. ethod of pay

0E. Working condition

00. Felationship with boss

08. -olitical involvement

5.Status and Heredity

7enerally, better educated parents are less likely to be obese (in, 3uang, and


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priorities are emphasized9 this has generally meant that less money is spent on food, less

money invested in the children. Blumberg 01DD/ has found that the mothers who have more

status within families tend to spend more money on children;s needs. In addition, Blood and

Wolfe 014/ found that the greater the status differences between husbands and wives, the

fewer husbands participated in household tasks. ore recently -resser 8EE2/ examined the

ratio of husbands; to wives; incomes and husbands; to wives; ages. In both cases, as

husbands; income or age increased relative to wives;, the fewer traditionally'female

household tasks husbands helped with. We suggest that the greater the power differences

between husbands and wives, the greater the likelihood of negative outcomes in the children.

3eredity plays an important role in children;s intakes and outcomes. !he economics and

sociological literatures indicate important variables in studying children;s nutrition and

outcomes include parents; incomes, the amount of time parents spend with their children,

parental work variables such as work stress, work to family spillover, work autonomy, work

commitment, and work flexibility, parental status and heredity factors, and children;s age,

gender, ethnicity, pubertal stage, and activity level. We will focus on children;s nutrition and

outcomes that are considered strongly related to obesity in children, namely, percent energy

from fat, percent energy from saturated fat, BI, and waist circumference.

. Sym!ols of Status

#tatus system or hierarchy is an observable evidence with its status symbols. #tatus symbols

may be attached to person or workplace and serve as an evidence of social rank in a work'

group. #tatus symbols are visible differently with different ' levels of executive according to

their surroundings and which differ the persons in higher status with the lower status

executives in the organization structure. #uch status symbols are represented by telephone,stapling machine, wastebasket etc. in some office while in others rugs, bookcase, curtains,

and pictures may be marked as rank symbols.

#tatus symbols seem amusing but sometimes they pose a very serious problem. If some

executives of e%ual rank or status or of higher status are lacking in or have no status symbols

in comparison tothose who are lower in status or e%ually ranked, are envious to person

having such symbols. !his state of affairs sometimes leads to conflict and to provide such

symbols to all those who should have, means a heavy financial burden on the organization.

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#ince status symbols exist in every organization, so manager should be cautious to them.

-roviding such facilities may serve as a motivator or as a disruptive force and it depends

upon the skill with which the manager handles them.

It has now become a practice to have status symbols. anagement should consider the

approach that e%ual status holders should be provided nearly e%ual status symbols. !here may

be some variation in symbols depending upon the nature of work.

The status system reaches its ultimate end with status symbols . !hese are the visible,

external things that attach to a person or workplace and serve as evidence of social rank. !hey

exist in the office, shop, warehouse, refinery, or wherever work groups congregate. !hey are

most in evidence, among different levels of managers, because each successive level usually

has the authority to provide itself with surroundings 5ust a little different from those of people

lower in the structure.


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Individuals; actions within a society are regulated by a complex system of rewards and

punishments. &conomists focus on monetary rewards that are exchanged through a market

system, while sociologists consider a broader class of rewards which emphasize social status

Weiss and


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ine%uities in access to and distribution of resources. # is relevant to all realms of

behavioral and social science, including research, practice, education, and advocacy.

(ow # and its correlates, such as lower education, poverty, and poor health, ultimately

affect our society as a whole. Ine%uities in wealth distribution, resource distribution, and

%uality of life are increasing in the =nited #tates and globally. #ociety benefits from an

increased focus on the foundations of socioeconomic ine%uities and efforts to reduce the deep

gaps in socioeconomic status in the =nited #tates and abroad. Behavioral and other social

science professionals possess the tools necessary to study and identify strategies that could

alleviate these disparities at both individual and societal levels.

Fesearch indicates that children from low'# households and communities develop

academic skills more slowly compared to children from higher # groups organ,


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+riginally, +rgan 01DD/ defined organizational behavior as any acts that are discretionary'

and not explicitly or directly recognized by the formal system of performance management'

that tends to enhance the functioning and performance of the organization. ore recently,

however, +rgan 011/ refined this definition, conceptualizing organizational behavior as any

form of performance that supports the social or psychological environment in which the work

tasks are embedded'a definition that more closely corresponds to contextual performance, as

defined by Borman and otowidlo 0112, 011/. !his definition is intended to distinguish

organizational behavior from the performance of core tasks. In addition, this definition

overcomes the complication that many organizations now strive to reward such behaviors.

+rganizational behavior is positively related to 5ob satisfaction. 6evertheless, the precise

relationship differs between affective and cognitive 5ob satisfaction. In particular, researchers

sometimes distinguish affective and cognitive 5ob satisfaction. In the study conducted by

oorman and Blakely 011/, participants completed a series of scales, some of which

assessed affective 5ob satisfaction, cognitive 5ob satisfaction, and organizational behavior.

!heir analyses showed that organizational behavior was more strongly related to cognitive,

rather than affective, 5ob satisfaction. 6evertheless, as (ee and )llen 8EE8/ showed, distinct

forms of organizational behavior do not relate to the same measures of 5ob satisfaction. In

particular, these researchers distinguished two clusters of organizational behaviors@

organizational behaviors directed at individuals and organizational behavior directed at

organizations. When both forms of 5ob satisfaction were included in the same analysis, only

affective 5ob satisfaction, as represented by affect that is elicited by the 5ob, was positively

associated with organizational behaviors directed at individuals. In contrast, only cognitive

5ob satisfaction, gauged by a measure of 5udgments about work, was positively associated

with organizational behavior directed at organizations. -resumably, positive feelings motivate

organizational behaviors directed at individuals. In contrast, the explicit belief that helpful

acts might be reciprocated could motivate organizational behavior directed at organizations.

+ther determinants of discretionary behaviors might be levels of pay. !hat is, many

organizations offer pay that exceeds the levels of remuneration that are expected in the

market. +rganizational behavior tends to be negatively related both to intentions to leave the

organization and to actual departures e.g., Chen, 8EE9 ossholder, #ettoon, K 3enagan,

8EE/. Conceivably, the abstention from organizational behavior might reflect a form of

withdrawal, which tends to predict turnover Chen, 8EE9 Chen, 3ui, K #ego, 011D/ and may

be related to absenteeism as well. In addition, the extent to which these participants help

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colleagues, demonstrate initiative, and show loyalty''forms of organizational behavior''were

assessed by their supervisors.


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lifetime as a result of the exercise of knowledge, ability, skill andLor perseverance.

+ccupation provides an example of status that may be either ascribed or achieved, it can be

achieved by one gaining the right knowledge and skill to become socially positioned into a

higher position of that 5ob9 building persons social identity within the occupation.

11. Models for Status

Social classrefers to a group of people with similar levels of wealth, influence, and status.

#ociologists typically use three methods to determine social class@

!he ob'ecti%e methodmeasures and analyzes Jhard" facts.

!he sub'ecti%e methodasks people what they think of themselves.

!he reputational methodasks what people think of others.

Fesults from these three research methods suggests that in the =nited #tates today

approximately 0 to 8E percent are in the poor, lower class9 2E to AE percent are in the

working class9 AE to E percent are in the middle class9 and 0 to 2 percent are in the rich,

upper class.

The lower class

!he lower class is typified by poverty, homelessness, and unemployment. -eople of this

class, few of whom have finished high school, suffer from lack of medical care, ade%uate

housing and food, decent clothing, safety, and vocational training. !he media often stigmatize

the lower class as Jthe underclass," inaccurately characterizing poor people as welfare

mothers who abuse the system by having more and more babies, welfare fathers who are able

to work but do not, drug abusers, criminals, and societal Jtrash."

The working class!he working class is those minimally educated people who engage in Jmanual labor" with

little or no prestige. =nskilled workers in the classMdishwashers, cashiers, maids, and

waitressesMusually are underpaid and have no opportunity for career advancement. !hey are

often called the working poor. #killed workers in this classMcarpenters, plumbers, and

electriciansMare often called blue collar workers. !hey may make more money than

workers in the middle classMsecretaries, teachers, and computer technicians9 however, their

5obs are usually more physically taxing, and in some cases %uite dangerous.



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The middle class

!he middle class are the Jsandwich" class. !hese white collar workershave more money

than those below them on the Jsocial ladder," but less than those above them. !hey divide

into two levels according to wealth, education, and prestige. !he lower middle classis often

made up of less educated people with lower incomes, such as managers, small business

owners, teachers, and secretaries. !he upper middle class is often made up of highly

educated business and professional people with high incomes, such as doctors, lawyers,

stockbrokers, and C&+s.

The upper class

Comprising only 0 to 2 percent of the =nited #tates population, the upper class holds more

than 8 percent of the nation$s wealth. !his class divides into two groups@ lower'upper and

upper'upper. !he lower,upper classincludes those with Jnew money," or money made from

investments, business ventures, and so forth. !he upper,upper class includes those

aristocratic and Jhigh'society" families with Jold money" who have been rich for

generations. !hese extremely wealthy people live off the income from their inherited riches.

!he upper'upper class is more prestigious than the lower'upper class.

Wherever their money comes from, both segments of the upper class are exceptionally rich.

Both groups have more money than they could possibly spend, which leaves them with much

leisure time for cultivating a variety of interests. !hey live in exclusive neighborhoods, gather

at expensive social clubs, and send their children to the finest schools. )s might be expected,

they also exercise a great deal of influence and power both nationally and globally.

#ocial stratification describes the way people are placed in society. It is associated with the

ability of individuals to live up to some set of ideals or principles regarded as important by

the society or some social group within it. !he members of a social group interact mainly

within their own group and to a lesser degree with those of higher or lower status.

7roups@

Wealth and Income most common/@ !ies between persons with the same personal income

7ender@ !ies between persons of the same sex and sexuality

-olitical #tatus@ !ies between persons of the same political viewsLstatus

Feligion@ !ies between persons of the same religion

&thnicityLFace@ !ies between persons of the same ethnicLracial group



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#ocial Class@ !ies between persons born into the same group

ax Weber$s three dimensions of stratification

!he 7erman sociologist ax Weberdeveloped a theory proposing that stratification is based

on three factors that have become known as the three p$s of stratification@ property, prestige

and power. 3e claimed that social stratification is a result of the interaction of wealth,

prestige and power.

-roperty refers to one$s material possessions and their life chances. If someone has control of

property, that person has power over others and can use the property to his or her own

benefit.

-restige is also a significant factor in determining one$s place in the stratification system. !he

ownership of property is not always going to assure power, but there are fre%uently people

with prestige and little property.

-ower is the ability to do what one wants, regardless of the will of others. Homination, a

closely related concept, is the power to make others$ behavior conform to one$s commands/.

!his refers to two different types of power, which are possession of power and exercising

power.


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!he


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ability to act upon one$s preferences, Bourdieu specifies that respondents are only re%uired

to express a status'induced familiarity with legitimate... culture.

N!asteP functions as a sort of social orientation, a $sense of one$s place$, guiding the

occupants of a given... social space towards the social positions ad5usted to their properties

and towards the practices or goods which befit the occupants of that position. !hus, different

modes of ac%uisition yield differences in the nature of preferences. !hese cognitive

structuresOare internalized, $embodied$ social structures, becoming a natural entity to the

individual. Hifferent tastes are thus seen as unnatural and re5ected, resulting in disgust

provoked by horror or visceral intolerance $sick'making$/ of the tastes of others.

Bourdieu himself believes class distinction and preferences are most marked in the ordinary

choices of everyday existence, such as furniture, clothing or cooking, which are particularly

revealing of deep'rooted and long'standing dispositions because, lying outside the scope of

the educational system, they have to be confronted, as it were, by naked taste. Indeed,

Bordieu believes that the strongest and most indelible mark of infant learning would

probably be in the tastes of food. Bourdieu thinks that meals served on special occasions are

an interesting indicator of the mode of self'presentation adopted in $showing off$ a life'style

in which furniture also plays a part/. !he idea is that their likes and dislikes should mirror

those of their class fractions.

Children from the lower end of the social hierarchy are predicted to choose heavy, fatty

fattening foods, which are also cheap in their dinner layouts, opting for plentiful and good

meals as opposed to foods that are original and exotic. !hese potential outcomes would

reinforce Bourdieu$s ethic of sobriety for the sake of slimness, which is most recognized at

the highest levels of the social hierarchy, that contrasts the convivial indulgence

characteristic of the lower classes. Hemonstrations of the tastes of luxury or freedom/ and

the tastes of necessity reveal a distinction among the social classes.

!he degree to which social origin affects these preferences surpasses both educational and

economic capital. In fact, at e%uivalent levels of educational capital,social origin remains an

influential factor in determining these dispositions. 3ow one describes one$s social

environment relates closely to social origin because the instinctive narrative springs from

early stages of development. )lso, across the divisions of labor economic constraints tend to

relax without any fundamental change in the pattern of spending. !his observation

reinforces the idea that social origin, more than economic capital, produces aesthetic

preferences because regardless of economic capability consumption patterns remain stable.

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12. ,uidelines for Status Builders ( -uture *

It$s more than 5ust something you get or don$t get, have or don$t have. (ots of people don$t see

it that way, though9 they tend to think of social status as simply a dividing line between the

people who are in and the people who are out.

!here are the people who seem to step around conventional social status entirely9 the ones

who exude intrinsic status and can flow seamlessly among groups and be included %uickly

and easily wherever they see fit. !hese are the people we$re talking about when we talk about

ultimate social calibration9 these are the folks who$ve stepped off the ladder and come up with

a different way for moving socially. -eople don$t usually stop an analyze these thoughts

though, of course9 they 5ust have them. Beliefs about the nature of social status are among the

core beliefs that most people never stop and consider. It$s %uite rare to hear someone in met

cognition inspecting his own views on status9 our position socially and our view on our status

and that of others is so core to how we identify ourselves that we rarely %uestion it.


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E/trinsic social status is status dependent upon outside influences9 one$s external social

circumstances. &xtrinsic social status is what the ma5ority of people go for, because it seems

easier, more tangible, and more readily achievable.

The path is straightforward the goal understandable+ make it to the top. !o become

popular the work of a person should be as expected by the people surrounded himLher.

0ut there are some strong drawbacks that come with e/trinsic social status as well.

Because securing that top spot in the extrinsic social hierarchy doesn$t the meaning of win,

victory is not forever assured, and we should not be in rest. !he man heading up that certain

group needs to keep heading it up, organizing things, and ensuring that hisLher group is the

top group, and the man dating the beautiful high society girl needs to make sure he keeps

dating her and that she stays as desired as ever.

)ll the while, the man with top extrinsic value is fighting a losing battle to hold off the

competition and stay relevant. 0ecause one truth that-s absolute in life is that we can

ne%er stand still1 we are always either getting better or getting worse.

)nd when we;ve made it to the top of a social hierarchy, there$s nowhere else to go but down.

Intrinsic social status is the kind of status that extends beyond external social hierarchies

and circumstances. Intrinsic social status comes from the indi%idual himself not from his

e/ternal social rank. In other words, it$s personality'dependent, rather than situation'

dependent.

!he 6otorious B.I.7., one of the world$s top rap artists until his murder in 011, mentioned in

an interview wanting to develop the kind of personality that would have people respect him

and think of him as a cool, likeable guy even if he hadn$t put out an album in years. 3e didn$t

want to end up being one of those washed up performers one day that people showed no

respect to because his extrinsic status had dried up and disappeared. 2e was talking about

being the kind of person that other people 'ust respond to.The man with intrinsic social

status is the one people respect and admire e%en if he doesn-t lead any groups or ha%e a

high society girlfriend.

!he man with intrinsic social status can flow effortlessly between groups. ) man with

intrinsic social status maintains the status %uo. -eople will like being around him.

"urthermore it-s something one can always impro%e upon+ one can always get a little

better at meeting new people a little better at making good first impressions a little

better at getting to know new acquaintances.

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=nlike with external social hierarchies, there$s no ceiling limiting how far one can go when

heLshe is developing hisLher intrinsic status. !he only limit is hisLher imagination, and heLshe

will change.

Warmth is disarming and makes others want to accept himLher right away9 they feel as if they

already know himLher and have a good relationship with himLher. It makes getting to know

them once they$re talking to them immensely easier because there$s no wall of

unfamiliarity there like there is usually with strangers/, and it makes them want to get to

know himLher. Interest in others.!he man who excels at winning over new people is the

man who$s genuinely interested in them. "orcefulness $ower and Coolness.Check out the

posts on spre))aturaand the !aw of !east Effortfor an understanding of the underlying

dynamics of how people assess coolness. Basically, when most people try to accomplish

things socially, they do so in a way that ends up with them expending too much effort to do

so : and thus come off less forceful, less powerful, and less cool. If someone work to develop

an air of effortless about himself, he$ll find people come to like and respect him all the more,

because they view him as a man worthy of their respect and admiration. Con%ersational

3bility. #ucceeding at all things social re%uires some degree of success as a

conversationalist. It$s impossible to come across a high status man without being able to

communicate one$s interests, get to know others, and relate and be relatable. Heveloping your

skill as a conversationalist is an imperative for any man who aspires to embody and use

intrinsic social status. (irectness.7etting to the point in one$s dealings with others is a very

high status trait. (ower status individuals tend to beat around the bush, hesitate, and stall.

2igh status people 'ust get to it. "undamentals.uch of what people respond to in

intrinsically high status individuals is nonverbal@ body language, posture, eye contact, facial

expressions. Qoice tone is another one that$s incredibly important. Intrinsically high status

people ha%e high status fundamentals.It$s the primary way that others assess their intrinsic

status upon first meeting them. 4en and women both are e/traordinarily attuned to the

signatures of statusand that includes both high and low status.

!he benefits of developing intrinsically high status man are far reaching and well worth the

effort. "or this e%erybody should show up and be sociable and be meeting new people

and everybody will find him get treated well and others appreciate having him around.

&xtrinsic social status isn$t bad9 there$s certainly nothing wrong with being successful and

en5oying some of the benefits of that success. 0ut for the long haul for creating lasting

social status that doesn-t peel and chip with time and a changing social landscape focus

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e%eryone attention on the intrinsic side of things: they$ll end up with a much deeper,

much more genuine respect from others, and one that translates far outside the reach of any

situational status they could develop instead.

13. ips for Status Builder (-uture*

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15. )eferences0

0. [email protected]#eptemberR0114Lnerd.txt

8. !he &ffect of iddle #chool &xtra Curricular )ctivities on )dolescents$ -opularity

and -eer #tatus ' &H&F and >I66&S 84 2/@ 81D ' South K #ociety

2. Weber, ax. 01A4. JClass, #tatus, -arty." -p. 0DE'01 in erbo, 3erald 0114/. #ocial #tratification and Ine%uality. 6ew Sork@ !he c7raw'

3ill Companies Inc.. pp. 820:822. I#B6E'E'E2A8D'G.

00. !he classes are@ bureaucrats and theocrats in the )siatic mode of production9

freemen, slaves, plebeians, and patricians under slavery9 lord, serf, guild master and 5ourneyman

under feudalism9 industrial capitalists, financial capitalists, landlords, peasantry, petty bourgeoisie,

http://www.virginia.edu/topnews/textonlyarchive/September_1996/nerd.txthttp://yas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/298http://yas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/298http://www.qualityinfo.org/olmisj/ArticleReader?itemid=00003582http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-034258-Xhttp://www.virginia.edu/topnews/textonlyarchive/September_1996/nerd.txthttp://yas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/298http://yas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/298http://www.qualityinfo.org/olmisj/ArticleReader?itemid=00003582http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-034258-X


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and wage laborers under capitalism. ?on &lster, )n Introduction to >arl arx, Cambridge

=niversity -ress, 01D4/, p. 08A.

08. this is the main thesis of arx$s Capital

02. 6ouveau Fiche. erriam Webster. [email protected]'

webster.comLdictionaryLnouveauT8Eriche.

0A. !hompson, William9 ?oseph 3ickey 8EE/. #ociety in


23/23

20. &ncyclopedia Britannica >[email protected]'

8ED01ELsocial'class. Fetrieved 8EED'EA'E.

28. &ichar, Houglas 01D1/. +ccupation and Class Consciousness in )merica. Westport,

Connecticut@ 7reenwood -ress. I#B6E'202'84000'2.

22. iddle income can$t buy iddle class lifestyle.

[email protected]'bankruptcy.html.Fetrieved 8EE4'08'8D.

2A. Qanneman, Feeve9 (ynn Weber Cannon 01DD/. !he )merican -erception of Class.

6ew Sork, 6S@ !emple =niversity -ress. I#B6ED88120.

http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Encyclopediahttp://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208190/social-classhttp://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208190/social-classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-26111-3http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/10.30/19-bankruptcy.htmlhttp://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/10.30/19-bankruptcy.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877225931http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/Encyclopediahttp://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208190/social-classhttp://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-208190/social-classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-26111-3http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/10.30/19-bankruptcy.htmlhttp://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/10.30/19-bankruptcy.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877225931

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