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Mikko Pohjola KTL, Finland. Open risk assessment Lecture 3: Assessment products and their relations. Lecture contents. Assessment products Relations between assessment products Attributes of assessment products. General assessment framework. Assessment products. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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National Public Health Institute, Finlandww
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Open risk assessment Lecture 3: Assessment products and
their relationsMikko PohjolaKTL, Finland
National Public Health Institute, Finlandww
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Lecture contents• Assessment products• Relations between assessment products• Attributes of assessment products
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General assessment framework
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Assessment products• Produced by assessment processes• Intended to trigger their use process(es)• Formally structured information objects
– Assessment, variable, class• Assessments and variables are hypotheses of a
given state of being– Development through falsification of hypothesis
• Classes are sets of structured information objects• All products are objects that develop in time
– E.g. there is no such thing as a draft variable
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General assessment processes
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Assessment• Provides ”the answer to a certain specific need”• A collection of variables according to the specific
need• Contains also assessment-specific information
– Assessment-level analyses– Assessment-level conclusions
• The implications of contextual factors are described on assessment-level
• Example: Benefit-risk assessment on farmed salmon
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Assessment products• Variable
– The basic building block of assessments– Description of reality within a defined scope
• Scope defined by the specific need (for an assessment)• Other content independent of context given scope
– Several different kinds of variables• Indicators, end-point variables, decision variables, key
variables, …– Variables can belong to several assessments
• Example: Benefit-risk assessment on farmed salmon
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Assessment products• Class
– A practical (non-fundamental) kind of objects– Classes are collections of variables and assessments
that share a certain property or properties• E.g. ”Class: Emission variables” or ”Class: Environmental
health risk assessments”– General purpose of class is to describe shared
properties (not to list objects with shared properties)• General information may be attributed to a class, and then
utilised in objects belonging to the class• Classes are important in making information efficiently re-
usable
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Lecture contents• Assessment products• Relations between assessment products• Internal structure of assessment products
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Relations between assessment products• Between levels of complexity
– Context – assessment – variable• Causality between variables• Membership of classes
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Levels of complexity• Assessments belong to context, variables
belong to assessments• Context determines assessment (scope),
assessment determines variable (scope)• Variables are, however, independent objects,
given their scope– A variable can belong to several assessments
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Causality between variables• Causal relations are defined within variables
– Variable/definition/causality– Representation also in form of causal diagrams– Causal diagrams are a practical means of presenting
assessments as collections of variables and their relations:
• Assessment endpoints• Indicators• Decision variables• Other variables
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Causal diagram
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Membership of class• Both assessments and variables can also belong
to classes• A loose, non-ontological, relation for practical
management of information objects• Membership to a particular class can be based on
any inclusion criterion
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Relations between assessment products
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Lecture contents• Assessment products• Relations between assessment products• Internal structure of assessment products
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Attributes of assessment products• All objects have the same attribute structure:
– Name: identifier– Scope: a question to answer– Definition: the basis for an answer– Result: the answer to the question
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Attributes of assessment products• Sub-attributes vary from object type to another• Attributes of different object types contain different
kinds of information– The primary purpose varies between object types
• Assessments and variables are descriptions of a hypothesis about a state of being and the process that leads/led to that hypothesis
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Variable• Name - identifier• Scope – formulation of a question to answer• Definition – how the answer is derived
– Causality– Data– Formula– Unit
• Result – answer to the question (a hypothesis)– Quantitative whenever possible
• Example: Benefit-risk assessment on farmed salmon
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Assessment
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Assessment• The implications of context are described within
assessment– Scope -> definition -> result
• Significant part of assessment content is described within the variables belonging to it
• Assessment description also contains case-specific assessment-level information
• Example: Benefit-risk assessment on farmed salmon
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Class• Name – identifier• Scope –what objects belong to this class?• Definition – description of a shared property or
properties– described in a form directly quotable from other
objects• Result – list of member objects
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Summary• Three product types:
– Assessment, variable, class• Three types of relations:
– belonging/defining, causality, membership• Universal attributes:
– name, scope, definition, result