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Open Educational Resources for
Global Collaboration:
Introduction, Guidelines and Case
Study
Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski
Worksheets and further material available
from [email protected]
Licensing: Creative Commons
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
http://www.slideshare.net/jan.pawlowski
The License in plain words…
All slides in this set can be used for non-
commercial purposes (academic, general)
If you like to use my slides, just inform me by
sending a mail: [email protected]
If you modify the slides, please send me your
version
If you use the slide for a commercial course,
contact me and we agree how to arrange this
Imagine…
…you need to set up a new
training course
…your budget for trainings was cut
…you have only 2 days to prepare
a new training
…you are renewing your
organizations strategy
…you want to improve working with
colleagues abroad
… you want to develop the highest
quality resources for your students
/ staff!
Are Open Educational Resources a
solution for you???
Workshop Outcomes
Exploring the opportunities of Open
Education, Repositories, Resources in an
international context
Ability to search and find resources fitting
your needs
Identifying adaptation needs and
requirements
Ability to estimate the adaptation effort
Evaluating tools and services
OER: Concepts Definitions:
– Technology-enabled, open provision of educational resources for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes". (UNESCO, 2002)
– But: Commercial purposes shall not be excluded
→Any digital object which can be freely accessed and used for educational purposes
Variety of OER… Resources:
– learning objects (specific digital objects created for learning purposes)
– multimedia documents, simulations but also simple html web resources.
Articles, textbooks and digital equivalents:
– articles, papers, books or journals
– Open Access
Software tools
– producing / authoring learning resources, communication and collaboration.
– Open Source or Free Software
Instructional / didactical designs and experiences
– access to instructional designs, didactical plannings
– such as lesson plans, case studies or curricula
– sharing experiences about materials and lessons between colleagues
– Open Educational Practices.
Web assets:
– simple resources (assets)
– pictures, links, or short texts
– not usable on their own in a learning context but can be used to support or illustrate a certain topic
– found by google or similar search engines.
Open Educational Resources…
Social Networks (Solis) S
ourc
e: B
.D. S
olis
: http
://ww
w.s
ortin
gth
oughts
.de/b
log/w
p-
conte
nt/u
plo
ads/2
008/1
2/2
735401175_fc
dcd0da03.jp
g
10
Sample contents Maknaz
– http://maknaz.elc.edu.sa/portal/
OpenScout
– http://www.openscout.net
Mace Project (technology base)
– http://www.mace-project.eu
ITunes University
– http://www.apple.com/education/itunes-u/
OpenLearn (Open University UK)
– http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/
Globe Network (Federation)
– http://www.globe-info.org/
Ariadne Foundation (Europe)
– http://www.ariadne-eu.org/
Some more… http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/
http://www.ariadne-eu.org/
http://www.learningcommons.org/educators/library/gem.php
http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm
http://www.jisc-collections.ac.uk/
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Creative_Commons_and_Open_Educational_Resources
http://opentraining.unesco-ci.org/
http://portal.mace-project.eu/
http://www.openscout.net
http://lreforschools.eun.org/
http://globe-info.org
http://lorn.flexiblelearning.net.au/
Challenges
Internationalization strategies and tools in global, in particular north-south cooperations
Business models: Add-on services and commercialization strategies
Trust awareness and specification mechanisms
Getting started…
13
European Initiatives: OpenScout
Continuous learning in management …
Development of management skills essential
Growing need for learning materials
– Diverse topics, up-to-date, high-quality, inexpensive
– Easy to access, skill-specific, adaptable, re-usable
Open educational management content available, but many
usage barriers
… utilizing openly accessible learning materials
Easy-to-use web services to access open content
Support all phases of using open learning materials
Re-publish Search Validate
solution
Re-use /
adapt
Validate
re-
usability
14
OpenScout Consortium
content
federation
skill & competence
services
authoring,
adaptation
user community
industrial learning
technology, content
connectors
reference scenarios,
evaluation
Consider networks…
Work on shared teaching and development
Use, add, discuss contents
Find people and materials
Develop the idea of open education
Adapting and Internationalizing
OER: Background, Practices,
Applications, and Case Study
Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski
Sample Task
Design a blended learning course on water
management for teachers
Small budget available, high quality needed
Key decision: make or buy
– Or collaborate!
The adaptation process
Key issues
– How to internationalize materials?
– What is the effort?
– Which materials are promising and useful?
Search Adapt Share & Exchange
How does this work in practice?
Step by step approach
– Search
– Adapt
– Share and Exchange
What are the key decisions?
What are state of the art solutions for those steps?
Which issues are open and need further investigation?
Search Choose the starting point for your search – in this step, find a good starting repository for your search. We recommend to either use a specific repository for a certain topic (e.g. OpenScout for Management, LRE for school contents) or a federated repository which searches more than one source. Check whether there are multi-lingual features (search, vocabulary, …).
Clearly state your requirements and needs: What are the main characteristics of your content besides the topic area – which is the age group, context (school, Higher Education, SME training, etc), instructional context. All these aspects can usually be specified in the search engines and make it more likely to find good results
Check the quality of a resource: Has the resource been reviewed by colleagues? Has it been certified or has it achieved good ranking from previous re-users?
Check the internationalization requirements: Are there national / regional concepts in the content? Does the curriculum fit? Is the resource appealing?
Ask colleagues and networks: It is promising also to ask experienced colleagues or search forums by fellow teachers as an example. In most cases, you easily find a colleague sharing good ideas and hints.
Familiarize yourself with some basic licenses: Most OER use a creative commons license which aims at providing a simple transparent scheme. In most cases, re-use is allowed when informing the author in non-commercial settings. However, the Creative Commons website for OER helps to clarify what your legal situation is and also provides a tool to build licenses for your needs. http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Creative_Commons_and_Open_Educational_Resources or http://creativecommons.org/choose/?lang=en_GB
Search and try: Most repositories provide direct access to resources, so it might be useful just to try out a few resources and see how it fits your context.
Summarize the characteristics and estimate the adaptation effort
Make your decision: You cannot use all resources but soon you will find resources and colleagues which are fitting your context.
Search
Search Choose the starting point for your search – in this step, find a good starting repository for your search. We recommend to either use a specific repository for a certain topic (e.g. OpenScout for Management, LRE for school contents) or a federated repository which searches more than one source.
Check whether there are multi-lingual features (search, vocabulary, …).
Consider global repositories: http://globe-info.org
Consider domain / sectors specific repositories: http://lreforschools.eun.org/
http://learn.openscout.net
Browse those and validate their resources (see chapter on quality)
Can you search for your native language, can you search automatically for translated metadata? Can you get translated results?
Check if there are communities where you can seek support and collaboration.
Search
Search Clearly state your requirements and needs: What are the main characteristics of your content besides the topic area – which is the age group, context (school, Higher Education, SME training, etc), instructional context. All these aspects can usually be specified in the search engines and make it more likely to find good results
Sample requirements attributes
Domain
Sector / level
Age group
Type of resource (ppt, simulation, pictures, assessment, …)
Learning outcomes / curriculum
Didactic approach
Topic
Rights
Author / institution
Quality (certification)
Cultural attributes!
Search
Search Check the quality of a resource: Has the resource been reviewed by colleagues? Has it been certified or has it achieved good ranking from previous re-users?
Organizational Quality certifications – ISO 9000, ISO/IEC
19796-x
– Accreditation
Individual recommendations
Rankings / ratings / recommendations – Do you get rankings from
similar users?
– Trust?
Search
Search Check the internationalization
requirements:
Are there national / regional concepts in the content?
Does the curriculum fit?
Is the resource appealing?
What are the differences between originating and target culture?
How can culture models be applied to the resource?
Content analysis
Specific concepts and practices and their cultural specific meanings (laws, business logic, behavior, norms, music, traditions, ….)
Language, language conventions, politeness, …
Knowledge in context (what is common knowledge, what is made explicit?)
Curriculum fit
Learning outcomes and didactics
Group work
Teacher roles
Localization – Dates, formats, numbers, units
User interface – pictures, navigation, shapes,
numbers, colors, …
Search
Search
Ask colleagues and networks: It is promising also to ask experienced colleagues or search forums by fellow teachers as an example. In most cases, you easily find a colleague sharing good ideas and hints.
Search for relevant colleagues
Who do you trust in the field?
Identify communities, linkedin, facebook, xing etc
Create your networks for education sharing
Search
Search
Familiarize yourself with some basic licenses: Most OER use a creative commons license which aims at providing a simple transparent scheme. In most cases, re-use is allowed when informing the author in non-commercial settings. However, the Creative Commons website for OER helps to clarify what your legal situation is and also provides a tool to build licenses for your needs.
Some CC licensing attributes
Use or modifications?
Commercial or non-commercial
Collaboration or acquisition ?
National or international?
Further publication or private use?
Search
Search Search and try: Most repositories provide direct access to resources, so it might be useful just to try out a few resources and see how it fits your context.
Summarize the characteristics and estimate the adaptation effort
– Comparison of requirements and characteristics
– Adaptation options
– Tools options
– Time, efforts, cost…
Internationalization aspects
– Cultural / business logic changes
– Content change
– Language aspects
– Curricular / didactical changes
– User interface changes
Search
Search
Make your decision: You cannot use all
resources but soon you will find resources
and colleagues which are fitting your
context.
Search
Attribute Description 0 Comment
Language English X Parts need to be translated
Topic Pythagoras theorem
Age group 12-16 X Fit exactly
Method Interactive simulation, assisted by teacher
X Needs to be explained in detail for distance learning pupils
Quality Description
Standards
Curriculum fit
Quality of contents
Interactivity
Media use
Appropriateness of
methods
Technical
requirements
Technical
correctness
Motivational
Culture Content
Method
Goal orientation
Experiment value
Teacher role
Flexibility
Value of errors
Motivation
Learner control
User activity
Cooperative
learning / group
work
Communication
Interface design
(characters,
metaphors,
numbers, colors)
Summary Summary of fitness
Adaptation Small involvement or more? As a first step, a strategic decision is needed – will you only re-use materials or do you see this as a potential for strategic collaboration. Simple re-use just requires downloading the resource and adapting some graphics (just like changing a powerpoint slide design). In some cases, you might find the materials as a good starting point, but you would add concepts and enrich / enhance the contents and share it again with the original author and a community – this can lead to dynamic content enhancements and – even more important – trusted communities.
Tools: Some materials are simpler to modify (web pages, wiki pages), some need more effort. The selection of good (and free) tools to make changes is essential for a good process.
Collaborate: It is always advisable to let the original author and potential colleagues know about your plans. By this, you can clarify the authors’ intentions but also initiate a longer cooperation. People who share their materials are in most cases more than willing to discuss and listen to your suggestions.
Adapt and try: Making your adaptations, bringing in new ideas, discussing improvements with colleagues. This is the main challenge of this phase. However, you should always try the result before publishing it again.
Adapt
Adaptation Small involvement or more? As a first step, a strategic decision is needed – will you only re-use materials or do you see this as a potential for strategic collaboration. Simple re-use just requires downloading the resource and adapting some graphics (just like changing a powerpoint slide design). In some cases, you might find the materials as a good starting point, but you would add concepts and enrich / enhance the contents and share it again with the original author and a community – this can lead to dynamic content enhancements and – even more important – trusted communities.
Strategy check
Estimate potentials
Check partnerships
Network development
Adapt
Adaptation Tools: Some materials are simpler to modify (web pages, wiki pages), some need more effort. The selection of good (and free) tools to make changes is essential for a good process.
Summarize requirements and functions needed
Content analysis
Translation / sub-titles
Learning Design
Packaging / metadata
Assessments
Graphics
Simulations
Collaboration
…
Some starting points
http://learn.openscout.net/tools.html
W3C: http://www.w3.org/International/ (technical aspects of internationalization and localization)
Adapt
Adaptation: Sample Adapt
Content Adaptation need Tool
Sample how to apply
Pythagoras theorem to
measure distances
Use map from home town Exchange map
Use screen capture tool
Learning activity Adaptation need Actions
Spontaneous group work
to measure distances
Use same age / gender group
Each group gets one mentor
Build groups beforehands,
provide strong guidance
Language aspect Adaptation need Actions
English as main
language
Translate to Finnish Use subtitle tool for video
lectures
Translate cases (external
agency)
UI Aspect Adaptation need Actions
Background colors not
appealing
Navigation not intuitive
Change background colors and
logo
Change navigation structure
from left to top navigation
For ppt: change master slide
For simulations: use
simulation generator
Restructure navigation in
coffeecup tool
Adaptation
Collaborate: It is always advisable to let the
original author and potential colleagues know
about your plans. By this, you can clarify the
authors’ intentions but also initiate a longer
cooperation. People who share their materials
are in most cases more than willing to discuss
and listen to your suggestions.
Adapt and try: Making your adaptations,
bringing in new ideas, discussing improvements
with colleagues. This is the main challenge of
this phase. However, you should always try the
result before publishing it again.
Adapt
Share and exchange Re-publish your results: If you have made changes, you should send your results back to the original author. However, consider whether your work could be interesting to other people in the community. It will generate a dynamic process which might give you even more ideas.
Discuss and share: What were the steps when you adapted the materials? Share your open educational practice and your experiences, it will help other colleagues who later help you with their experiences as well.
Build your network: It is an illusion that all educators around the world will cooperate and work together. However, it is quite important to build a successful network of colleagues who work in similar areas, who share your ideas and principles for education and who you would simply trust. In those networks, you easily get good recommendations and new ideas.
Share & Exchange
Share and exchange Share & Exchange
Collaboration
activity
Person / Organization Actions
Notification Author XYZ Notify author of usage intention
Resubmission LRE and own repository Resubmit with author’s permission
Further
collaboration and
development
Group A: Author XYZ,
colleague X, teacher Y
Suggest small group for refining the
resource
Feedback Students
Group A
Send feedback to group A
Experience
sharing
Group A Provide improvement suggestions,
provide good / bad cases
Next development
goals
Group A Suggest improvement changes,
develop work plan
Conclusion
Step by step approach guides through the OER adaptation process
Key issues:
– Internationalization aspects
– Cultural aspects
– Searching in the right places
– Using the best tools
– Validating the solution, determining the added value
But: Many issues are still context-dependent, there is no one fits all-solution
Task
Creating a 2 hour blended learning course
Based on existing materials
See work sheets
Task: Basic KM for Global Enterprises
Register at http://learn.openscout.net/index.html
Go to -> Community -> Finland and register for the group
Search the repository for Global Knowledge Management (for SMEs, or general)
First steps
– Find a resource
– Rate a resource
– Comment on the resource how it fits your context
Topic: Develop a course in your native language to introduce Knowledge Management for SMEs involved in global collaborations
For the first two lessons, you should prepare
– A slide set introducing the topic
– An self study part in which employees can learn (eg. a video lecture, a simulation, a text, …)
The outcome consists of
– A course description / outline (task 1 of the work sheet)
– The adapted material (e.g. the slide set, a sub-titled video). This does not have to be complete but should show your approach (e.g. adapting the UI design, changing culturally affected concepts etc)
Feedback
Please provide feedback:
Do you find OER an appropriate solution
Can you imagine to use OER with other origins than your home country?
What were the main problems to a) find, b) retrieve, c) re-author OER?
Who would you involve when working with OER (colleagues, contractors, learners, …)
Please comment on the workshop:
Was it useful for your context?
Were the contents appropriate? Why / why not?
Was the exercise realistic and useful?
Would you consider to continue in this topic?
References
Blanchard E., Razaki R. & Frasson C. (2005): Cross-cultural adaptation of e-Learning contents: a methodology. Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, Chesapeake, Virginia.
Edmundson, A. (2007): Globalized E-Learning, Cultural Challenges. Idea Group, U.S.; 2007.
Richter, T., Pawlowski, J.M. (2007): The Need for Standardization of Context Metadata for e-Learning Environments, Proc. of e-ASEM Conference, Seoul, Korea, Oct. 2007.
Pawlowski, J.M. (2008): Culture Profiles: Facilitating Global Learning and Knowledge Sharing, ICCE 2008, Taiwan, Nov. 2008. - Draft Version in PDF Format
Contact us…
Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski
GLIS on the web…
http://users.jyu.fi/~japawlow
OpenScout
http://www.openscout.net
