October Internet 16-30 · 2014-11-22 · hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn-≤o-I-cWw Vol. 3 Issue 63 October 16 - 31 2008]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen

$Page 1: October Internet 16-30 · 2014-11-22 · hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn-≤o-I-cWw Vol. 3 Issue 63 October 16 - 31 2008]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen$
hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]kn-≤o-I-cWw

www.viswasasamrakshakan.org

Vol. 3 Issue 63 October 16 - 31 2008

]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p∂

tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhmbv°v Biw-k-Iƒ

hr›nIw 1˛mw XobXn s]cp-∂mƒ\hw-_¿ 13,14 (hymgw, sh≈n) Xob-Xn-I-fn¬

alm ]cn-ip -≤-\mbam¿ Iua-bp-sS Xncp-ti-jn∏vÿm]n-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pcm-X-\hpw A¤p-X-ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-hp-amb th-ßq¿ am¿Iua bm-t°m-_mb kp-dn-bm-\n ]≈n-bn-se hr›n-Iw1˛mw XobXn s]cp-∂m-fpwkphn-ti-j tbmKhpw \hw-_-¿ 11 apX¬ 14 h-sc Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ sIm≠m-S-s∏-Sp-∂p. s]cp-∂mƒ N-S-ßp-IƒA`n -hµy saXm -t∏meoØam-cmb tPmk^vam¿ KotKm -dn -tbm -kv ,G_lmw am¿ tkth-dn-tbmk,v Ipcn-bm-t°mkv am¿butk-_n-tbmkv, amXyq-kvam¿ At]w F∂n-h-cpsSal-\ob km∂n-≤y-Øn¬\S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

ae-¶c k`-bn¬ ]cn-ip≤ am¿ Iu-a-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ ÿm]n -X-ambncn -°p∂ A]q¿∆w tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv thßq¿am¿ Iua bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm\n ]≈n. ]cn-ip≤am¿ Iua ]nXm-hns‚ A\p-Klw tXSn FØp∂hnizm -kn -I-fpsS FÆw\mƒ°p-\mƒ h¿≤n®v hcn-I-bm-Wv.

Iøn¬ IØn® sagp-Ip-Xn-cnbpw a\- n¬ \odp∂thZ-\-Ifpw t]dn IÆp-I-fn¬ \n∂v \ne-bv°mØA\p-Xm-]-Øns‚ IÆp-\ocpw Hg-p°n-s°m≠v hn.aZv_-lm-bp-sSbpw, hn. Xncp-ti-jn-∏n -t‚bpw apºn¬\n∂v ]m¿∞n®v \odp∂a\ pw ico-c-hp-ambn hcp-∂-h¿ kt¥m-j-tØmSpw

kam-[m-\-tØmSpw Bfl-kw-Xr-]vXn-tbmSpw IqSnXncn®v t]mIp-∂Xv CutZhm-e-b-Øn¬ \nXykw`-hhpw, ImgvN-bp-am-Wv. F√mamkhpw 14˛mw XobXn(amk-s∏-cp-∂mƒ) Xncp-ti-jn∏v s]cp-∂mƒ BtLm-jn®v hcp-∂p. Cu s]cp-∂mƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ G‰v \S-Øn A\p-Klw ]m]n-°p-∂p. hn. Ip¿∫m-\m-¥cwIØn® sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-I-fp-ambn ]≈nbv°v Np‰pw ]Z-£n-Whpw XpS¿∂v s]cp-∂mƒ G‰v Ign-°p-∂-h¿ \S-Øp∂ ]mt®m¿ t\¿®bpwhfsc A\p-K-l-ambn\SØn hcp-∂p.

][m\ s]cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v ].- ]n-Xm-hns‚I_-dn-¶¬ \n∂pw ]m¿∞-\m KoX-ß-tfmSpw, hmZy-ta-f-ßfpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmSpwIqsS PmXn aX-t`-Z-at\yB-bn-c-°-W-°n\mfpIƒ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ ]Z-£nWwhy›n-Iw 1˛mw XobXns]cp-∂m-fns‚ Hcp ][m\khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

Cu ]≈n-bpsS ][m\tXmtWmkv am¿ Iua]nXm-hns‚ \ma-Ønepw a‰vtXmtWm-kp-Iƒ hn. I\y-I-a-dn-bm-an-s‚bpw C¥y-bpsS Imh¬ ]nXm-hmbam¿ tXmam-«o-lm-bp-sSbpw,am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv kl-Zm-bp-sSbpw \ma-Øn¬ ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]. ]nXm-hns‚ a≤y-ÿX CS-h-I-°m¿°p-am-X-a-√, \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ¿°pw Icp-Wbpw A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS

dh. ^m. tP°_vImt°mfn¬

(hn-Im-cn)

dh. ^m. t__n tPm¨]m≠men¬

(kl hn-Im-cn)

Fw.-]n. tPmk^vaqte-°pSn

(SÃn)

_nPp tP°_vXÆn-t°m´v

(SÃn)

Fw.-sP. aØmbn-Ip™v, ac-ßm´v

(kvIqƒ amt\-P¿)

`c-W-k-an-X-bw-K-ßƒ

kPn t]mƒAXn-cw-]pg

F¬tZm Fw.-Sn.amen-°pSn

tPmbn C.-Fw.Ccp-ae

F¬tZm t]mƒBen-bm- p-IpSn

Ipcym-t°mkv CØm-∏ncn]pØ≥]pc

F.-sI. h¿§okvBen-bm- p-IpSn

F_n amXypAd-bv°¬

11˛11˛2008 sNm∆

cmhnse 7.00 \v : ]`m-X-\-a-kv°mcw7.30 \v : hn. Ip¿∫m\

sshIn´v 6.15 \v : k‘ym-\-a-kv°m-cw7.00 \v : kphn-tij ]kwKw

dh. ^m. ]utemkv ]n.H. ]≈-Øp-IpSn

12˛11˛2008 _p[≥cmhnse 7.00 \v : ]`m-X-\-a-kv°mcw

7.30 \v : hn. Ip¿∫m\sshIn´v 6.15 \v : k‘ym-\-a-kv°m-cw

7.00 \v : kphn-tij ]kwKwdh. ^m. Xºn amdmSn

13˛11˛2008 hymgw

cmhnse 7.00 \v : ]`m-X-\-a-kv°mcw7.30 \v : hn. aq∂n-t∑¬ Ip¿∫m\A`nhµy tPmk^v am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv

saXm-s∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS ][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬

10.00 \v : sImSn-tb‰vsshIn´v 6.15 \v : k‘ym-\-a-kv°m-cw, ]kwKw

A`nhµy Ipcym-t°mkv am¿

butk-_n-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø

cmXn 9.00 \v : ]Z-£nWw12.00 \v : I-cn-a-cp∂v ]tbmKw

14˛11˛2008 sh≈n

cmhnse 6.30 \v : ]`m-X-\-a-kv°mcw7.00 \v : hn. Ip¿∫m\sh. dh. t__n Nma-°m-e-bn¬tIm¿ F∏n-kvt°m∏9.00 \v : hn. aq∂n-t∑¬ Ip¿∫m\A`n-hµy amXyqkv am¿ At]w

saXm-s∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬

cmhnse 11.30 \v : t\¿®-hn-fºvsshIn´v 2.00 \v : ]Z-£nWw '' 4.30 \v : Bio¿hmZw '' 5.00 \v : sImSn-bn-d°v '' 6.30 \v : k‘ym-\-a-kv°mcw

Dd-hn-S-hp-am-Wv. At]-£n-°p-∂-hsc Dt]-£n-°mØ]. am¿ Iuam ]nXm-hns‚\ma-Øn¬ ÿm]n-X-am-bn-c n -°p∂ thßq¿ am¿Iuam bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n ]≈n-bn¬ A\p-Klw tXS - nsb-Øp∂

hnizm-kn-Iƒ A\-h-[n-bm-Wv.]. At¥ymJy knwlm-k-

\-tØmSpw ]. knwlm-k\-Øn¬ `mKy-tamsS hm-W-cp-fp∂ ]. ]nXm-°-∑m-tcm-SpwAN-©-e-amb Iqdpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw Cu ]≈n F-°m-ehpw\ne-\n¿Øn hcp-∂p.

t]mKmw

]cn-ip≤ am¿ Iua-bpsSXncp-ti-jn∏v ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p∂ t]SIw

hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ 2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312

FUn-täm-dn-bÂ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ hnizmk kwc-£-I≥ 2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛312008 HIvtSm-_¿ 16˛313

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ ]pXnb \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fmWv]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse \memw ss«lnI kµ¿i-\-hpw, tijvTImtXm-en° _mhm Xncp-a-\- ns‚ ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-j-hpw, aq∂p ]nXm-°-∑msc hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bn-te°v Db¿Øp∂ [\y aplq¿Ø-ß-fpw.

BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£≥ tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkvkmJm ]Y-a≥ _mhm Xs‚ a°sf ImWm≥ ho≠pw tIc-f-Øn¬ hcp-I-bm-Wv.]. ]nXm-hns\ kzoI-cn-∏m≥ \mSpw \K-chpw Hcp-ßn-°-gn-™p. ]. At¥ymJymknwlm-k-\hpw ae-¶c k`m a°fpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Hcn-°epw th¿s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ km[n-°mØ IÆn-I-fm-Wv. AtΩ Rßƒ ad-∂m-epw At¥ym-Jymsb ad-°n√ F∂v Hmtcm kXy-hn-izm-knbpw Bth-i-tØmsS Xß-fpsS a\- n¬ kq£n-°p∂ ]Xn-⁄-bm-Wv.

At¥ym-Jym-bnse knwlm-k\w temI-Ønse G‰hpw ]pcm-Xo-\-hpw, «ol-∑m-cpsS Xe-h-\mb ]. ]tXm-kn-\m¬ ÿm]n-X-hp-amWv F∂pw AXn¬ hmW-cp-fp∂]mXn-b¿°okpw ]. k`bpsS Zrim-X-e-h\pw BsW∂v hnizkn-°p∂p. B ]pcm-X\ knwlm-k-\-hp-am-bn-´p≈ _‘-Øn¬ k`m hnizm-kn-Iƒ A`n-am\w sIm≈p-∂p. GXp ]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpw XcWw sNbvXpw B ]cn-ip≤ knwlm-k-\-Øn≥Iogn¬ \n∂p≈ CS-ap-dn-bmØ ]utcm-lnXy \¬h-chpw G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´XmWvF∂v Hmtcm k`m hnizm-knbpw Icp-Xp-∂p.

Ct∏mgsØ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ \n¿Æm-bI ]¶p hln-®]nXm-hmWv. F√m ]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn®v k` ]. ]nXm-hns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv apt∂-dp-I-bm-Wv. temI-Øns‚ F√m `mKØpw k`°v `Zm-k-\-ßfpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑mcpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Uam-kvI-kn¬ Xs∂ k`°v ÿm]-\-ßfpw]pXnb Bÿm-\hpw ÿm]n-°-s∏- p. ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ kº-∂-amb Cu ]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhv `mc-X-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-kn-Isf AXy-[n-I-ambn kvt\ln-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠mWv Xs‚ ]mb-tØbpw Btcm-Ky-tØbpw Ah-K-Wn®v \memw ]mh-iyhpw`mc-X-Øn¬ FØp-∂-Xv. ]. ]nXm-hns\ ImWp-hm-\pw A\p-Klw ]m]n-°m\pw k`m-a-°ƒ ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

tijvT ImtXm-en° _mhm Xncp-a-\- ns‚ ]utcm-lnXy ÿm\-e-_vZnbpsS50˛mw hm¿jnIhpw \mw BtLm-jn-°p-I-bmWv. bmt°m-_mb k- m-a-°-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ ambmØ ÿm\w \ne-\n¿Øp∂, Cu ]nXmhv k`sb Db¿Øn C∂vB¿°pw A`n-am-\n-°m-hp∂ coXn-bn¬ k` hf¿Ønbn-cn-°p-∂p. ]m¿∞-\bpwssZho-Im-\p-K-lhpw ]. k`sb aptºm´p \bn-°p-hm≥ Cu ]nXm-hn\v _ew \¬Ip-∂p. k`°v `Zm-k-\-ßfpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm∑mcpw \ne-hn¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.]pØ≥Ipcnin¬ B¿°pw A`n-am-\n-°m-hp∂ k`m Bÿm\w ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.k`°v C∂v ]e hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. BXpc tkh-\-cw-KØv ]pXnb Im¬shbv]v \S-Øm≥ km[n-®n-cp-°p-∂p. ]pXnb [ym\ tIµ-ßƒDb¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ch-sb√mw _mhmbv°v ssZhw \¬Inb A\p-K-l-ßƒ aqewk`bv°v e`n-®-Xm-Wv.

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ]. ]nXm-hn\v ]Y-a-ÿm-\-amWv D≈-Xv. P\-ßƒ°p th≠n P\-ß-tfm-sSm∏w \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂-XmWv _mhm-bpsS i‡n.FhnsS ]Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-≠m-bmepw Bcpw hnfn-°msX Cu tijvT BNm-cy≥AhnsS HmSnsb-Øp-∂p. Xs‚ k`m-a-°sf Icp-Xp-hm-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn¬\n∂v tijvT ]nXmhv Hcn-°epw ]n≥am-dn-√. F√m FXn¿∏p-I-sfbpw A\p-Iq-e-am-°n-sb-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhv Cu tijvT ]nXm-hn\v ssZhw \¬Inb A\p-K-l-am-Wv. tijvT _mhm Xncp-a-\- n\v F√m `mhp-I-ßfpw Biw-kn-°p-∂p.

bmt°m-_mb kpdnbm\n k`-bpsS ]q¿∆nI kXy-hn-izmkw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠n Xß-fpsS PohnXw Dt]-£n-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dmbn `mc-X-a-Æn¬ FØn-t®¿∂ ]. ]nXm-°-∑m-cmb I≠-\mSv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb iI≈m tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv _mhm, apf¥p-cpØnam¿tØm-a≥ ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb bqbm°ow tam¿Iqdntemkv _mhm, ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn-cp-∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb ]utemkvtam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ F∂o ]nXm-°-∑m¿ k`-bpsS hnip≤-∑m-cpsSKW-Øn-te°v Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu ]pWy ]nXm-°-∑m¿ a\p-jy-a-\- p-I-fn¬hnip-≤-∑m-cmbn Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ch-cpsS alm a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ ssZhoI A\p-K-l-ßƒ e`n-®-h¿ At\-I-cm-Wv.

]pWy-t«m-I-\mb ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ k -bpsS -X-t±-in-b-\mb hnip-≤-∑m-cn¬ aq∂m-a-\m-Wv. ]. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n, Bep-hm-bnse ].]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv henb Xncp-ta\n F∂o ]nXm-°-∑msc t]msehnip-≤-amb PohnXw \bn®v hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ Pohn-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤-\mWvCu ]nXm-hv.

]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS kµ¿i\ thf-bn¬ IqZmi sNø-s∏-Sp∂ ][m\ssZhm-e-b-ß-fmWv ]pXp-∏-≈nbpw Imhpw`mK-hpw. Cu CS-h-I-bnse hnizm-kn-I-f-\p- -hn® XymK-ßƒ B¿°pw h¿Æn-°p-hm≥ km[y-a-√. H∂p-an-√m-bva-bn¬ \n∂mWvCu CS-h-I-Iƒ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ø-s∏- -Xv. Cu ]≈n-Iƒ ]. ]nXmhns‚ Xr°-c-ßfm¬IqZmi sNø-s∏-Sptºmƒ F√m hnizm-kn-IfpsSbpw a\ v kt¥m-j-Øm¬ \nd-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.

ssZhoI Ir]-bpsS ap≥]n¬ Hcn-°¬ IqSn \ΩfpsS Xe-Isf hW°mw. Cukt¥m-j-ßfpw A`n-am\ \nan-j-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-W-bm-Wv. H∂p-an-√mØAh-ÿ-bn¬ ssZhw CS-s]´v Cu ]pWy-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ hgn \sΩ \S-Øp-I-bm-Wv.]. _mhm-bpsS kµ¿i-\hpw F√m NS-ßp-Ifpw hnP-b-]-Z-ambn Xocp-hm≥ \ap°vHØp-tN-cmw. ]. ]nXm-hns\ kzoI-cn-°p-tºmƒ Bth-i-Øm¬ a‰m¿°pw HcptZmjhpw hcm-Xn-cn-°m≥ i≤n-°s∏S-Ww. F√m kt¥m-jhpw ssZhoI Ir]amXw F∂p-I-cp-Xp-I.

]. k`bv°v A`n-am-\-Øn-s‚bpw

kt¥m-j-Øn-s‚bpw \nan-j-ßƒ

sjh. _n_n G_lmw, IS-hpw- mKw

tijvT _mhm-bpsS ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ

Pq_nen kam-]-\w. apJy-a-¥nbpw tIµ B`y-

¥-ca¥n inh-cmPv ]móepw ]s¶-Sp-°pw.tijvT _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen kam-]\w

Hcp-°-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-bn. 18 \v Zo]-in-J, ]Xm-I, Ombm-Nn-Xw, tLmj-bm-X-Iƒ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ ktΩ-fn®v ktΩ-f\ ÿe-amb assd≥ssUhv ssaXm-\n-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xns\ XpS¿∂v ]XmI Db¿Ø¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Spw.

19\v 4aWn°v tN¿∂ ktΩ-f\w ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm DZvLm-S\w sNøpw.tIcf apJy-a¥n hn. Fkv. A®p-Xm-\-¥≥, tIµ B`y-¥c a¥n inh-cmPv]mń¬,tIµ a¥n-am-cmb HmkvIm¿ s^¿Wm-≠-kv, hb-em¿ chn, kwÿm\ a¥n-am-cmbsImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW≥, Fkv. i¿Ω, ]Xn-]£ t\Xmhv DΩ≥Nm-≠n, a¿tØmak`m-≤y-£≥ tPmk^v a¿tØm-a saXm-t∏m-eoØ, kn. Fkv. sF. a≤y-tI-cf almCS-hI _nj∏v tXmakv kmap-th¬, tImX-aw-Kew _nj∏v tPm¿÷v ]p∂-t°m-ń¬,F≥. Fkv. Fkv. P\-d¬ skI- dn io. ]n. sI. \mcm-bW ]Wn-°¿, Fkv. F≥. Un.]n. P\-d¬ skI-´dn sh≈m-∏≈n \tS-i≥, kn. ]n. Fw. kwÿm-\- sk-I-´dn ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥, sI. ]n. kn. kn. ]kn-U‚ v ctaiv sN∂n-Ø-e, Fw. F. bqk-ênkmaqlnI cmjvSob t\Xm-°ƒ F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-°pw.

]. k`-bpsS F√m tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e£-I-W-°n\p hnizm-kn-IƒNS-ßn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pw. Hcp-e£w t]¿°v Ccp∂v NS-ßn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-\p≈ Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ sNbvXn-´p-≠v.]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsb kzmKXw HmXn-s°m≠pw tijvT_mhmbv°v Biw-k-If¿∏n-®p- sIm-≠pap≈ ^vfIvkv t_m¿Up-Iƒ \mSns‚ hnhn[`mK-ß-fn¬ Db¿∂p Ign™p. k`m Ncn-X-Ønse G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ ktΩ-f-\-am-bn-cn-°Ww assd≥ssUhv ssaXm-\n-bn¬ \S-°p-I.

]. ]mXo-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS \memw ss«loI

kµ¿i-\-Øn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ ][m\ NS-ßp-Iƒ

www.atheeva.com C‚¿s\‰v ssk‰n-eqsS X’-abw

kwt] -£Ww sNøp -∂-Xm -Wv . IqSmsX

www.RadioMalankara.com C‚¿s\‰v tdUn-tbm-bn-eqsS

X’-abw NS-ßp-Iƒ ihn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX NnX-

ßƒ°pw hm¿Ø-Iƒ°pw www.SyrianChurch.org,www.PatriarchofAntioch.org F∂o sh_v ssk‰n-eqsS

e`y-am-Wv.

\memw ss«loI kµ¿i\w\memw ss«loI kµ¿i\w\memw ss«loI kµ¿i\w\memw ss«loI kµ¿i\w\memw ss«loI kµ¿i\w

X’-ab kwtX’-ab kwtX’-ab kwtX’-ab kwtX’-ab kwt]-£Ww]-£Ww]-£Ww]-£Ww]-£Ww

thßq¿ ]ffn s]cp-∂mƒthßq¿ am¿ Iua-]≈n hI amXn-cw-]pg Ipcn-ipw-sXm-ń-bn¬ sk]vXw-_¿ 30, HIvtSm-_¿ 1, 2, Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ s]cp-∂mfpw kphn-tijtbmKhpw \S-∂p. NS-ßp-Iƒ°v hnImcn^m. tP°_v AS-b-\-Øv, kl-hn-Imcn ^m. sI. ]n. tP°_v Imt°m-fn¬, SÃn-am-cmb Fw. ]n. tPmk^v aqte-°p-Sn, _nPp tP°_v XÆn-t°m-´v, I¨ho-\¿ F. hn.tPmkv Ben-bm- pIp-Sn F-∂n-h¿ t\XrXzw \¬In. m. tPm_n Imc-°p-∂w, m. ss_PpNm≠n F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

hnfw-_-c-tLm-j-bm-X-Iƒ Bcw- n-®p.

]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ss«lnI kµ¿i-\-hpw, tijvT _mhm-bpsS ]utcm-lnXy Pq_nen kam-]-\hpw hnfn-®-dn-bn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ hnfw-_-c-tLm-j-bm-X-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®p.

]mXn-b¿°m Ombm-Nn-X tLmj-bmX A`n. Gen-bmkv tam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp \n∂pw 12\v Bcw-`n-®p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv DXmSw Xncp-\mƒ am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω alm-cm-PmhvDZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.HtŒm-_¿ 11 \v ao\-ßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v ]mXn-b¿°m ]XmI tLmj-bmX ae-_m¿ Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ bqlm-t\m≥ tam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

`Z-Zo] hml-\-tLm-j-bmX HIvtSm-_¿ 13\v I´-∏-\-bn¬ \n∂p- Xp-S-ßn.CSp°n `Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ ¢oankv DZvLm-S\w \n¿∆-ln-®p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp \n∂v Gen-bmkv tam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø,sjh. kn. Fw. Ipcy-≥, sjh. ]n. hn. tPm¨ F∂n-hcpw CSp-°n-bn¬ \n∂v Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ ¢oan-kv, t__n h¿Ko-kv, ^m. tP°_v ]™n-°m-ń¬ F∂n-hcpw ao\-ßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v tam¿ butk-_n-tbm-kv, tam¿ sFtd-\n-tbm-kv F∂o saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑mcpw kn. hn. tPmkv, ^m. tP°_v aoJm-tb¬ F∂n-hcpw t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂p.

HIvtSm-_¿ 16\v hnfw-_-ctLm-j-bm-X-Iƒ ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ kwK-an-°pw. 18\vFd-Wm-Ipfw assd≥ssUhv ssaXm-\n-bn¬ ]XmI Db¿Ø¬ \S-°pw.

Omb-NnX tLmj-bmX Xncp-hn-Xm-w-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv DXmSw Xncp-\mƒ am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂p. tab¿ Pb≥ _m_p, Gen-bmkv tam¿ AØm-\-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm,

sjh.kn. Fw. Ipcy≥ F∂nh¿ kao]w


]cn-ip≤ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsbkzoI-cn-°m≥ \mSpw \K-chpw Hcpßn

]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS A¶-amen`Zm-k-\-Øn¬s∏´ ]i-kvX-amb ssZhm-e-b-amWv agp-h-∂q¿ sk‚ v tXmakv bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm\n ]≈n. X´mw-ap-Iƒ awK-e-Øp-\-S, he-ºq¿, Fgp-]w, agp-h-∂q¿, IS-bv°-\m-Sv, amßm-´q¿ ]tZ-i-ß-fn-embn 1350 CS-h-I-°m¿ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWv Cu tZhm-e-bw. ]≈n-bpsSIogn¬ awK-e-Øp-\-S-bnepw X´mwapI-fnepw Nm∏-ep-Ifpw hnhn[ Ic-I-fn-embn \nc-h[n Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-I-fpw ÿm]n-X-am-bn- p-≠v. bmt°m_mb InkvXym\n k -bpsS 2002 se c-W-L-S\]Im-c-amWv tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ `cWw \SØn hcp-∂-Xv. dh. ^m. Gen-bmkv Cucm-fn¬, dh.^m. sFkIv ]p∂-t»-cn-bn¬, dh. ^m. Koh¿Kokv Ip‰m-en¬, dh. ^m. F¬tZmkv ]me-°p-t∂¬, dh. m. tPm¨ If-ßm-ń¬, dh. m kPn Nºn-en¬ F∂n-h¿ Cu CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fm-Wv.

agp--h-∂q¿ ]≈n CS-h-I-°m¿ ap≥]v IS-a‰wsk‚ v tPm¿÷v ]≈n CS-h-I-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. GI-tZiw5 In. ao. Zqc-ap≈ IS-a‰w ]≈n-bn¬ Bcm-[-\bv°v t]mbn-h-cnI t¢i-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ag-°m-eØv IS-Øp-h-©n-bpsSklm-bhpw th≠n-h-∂n-cp-∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ agp-h-∂q-cn¬ Hcp tZhm-ebw ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂v hnizm-kn-I-fm-K-ln-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂v \S∂ Btem-N-\-I-fpsS ê-ambn]\ºv sIń ad®v ssht°m¬ ta™v hn. tZhm-ebwÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

sIm√-h¿jw 1037 I∂n-amkw 14˛mw XobXn_lp. s\Sp-ºØv Zm\n-tb¬ A®≥ BZy Ip¿∫m\A¿∏n-®p. GI-tZiw 30 h¿j-tØmfw tZhm-ebwssht°m¬ ta™ \ne-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

sIm√-h¿jw 1067 ¬ NmØp-cp-Øn hn. KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Fgp-∂-≈p-Ibpw,tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ Zpc-hÿ I≠v ]p\¿ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\pth≠ Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ]≈n-bn-ep≈ amfnI hn. KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®-Xm-Wv. A`n. Xncp-ta\n CS-h-I-°m-sc-sb√mw hnfn-®p-Iqń Hcp ]d-\n-e-Øn\v 2 CS-ßgn s\√v F∂ coXn-bn¬ hnlnXw\n›-bn®v ]p\¿ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v XpS-°-an-´p. _lp. s\Sp-ºØv Zm\n-tb¬ A®≥, _lp.th\-∏m-SØv tXma-k-®≥, Ipf-ßm-ń¬ Koh¿Ko-k-®≥ F∂n-h¿ Cu ]≈n-bn¬ ipiqjA¿∏n-®n-cp∂ sshZo-I-cn¬ Nne¿ amX-am-Wv. sIm√-h¿jw 1077 ¬ ]. NmØp-cp-Øn¬ Xncp-ta\n ho≠pw hn. ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Fgp-∂-≈p-Ibpw ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-bXp I≠v k¥p-jvS-

\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. XnI®pw Dƒ\m-S≥ Kma-]-tZ-i-amb agp-h-∂q¿ ]tZ-iØp IqSn s]cn-bm¿ Hgp-Ip-sa∂pw hnf-Iƒ ap∏Xpw Adp-]Xpw, \qdp ta\n-bmbn hnf-bp-sa∂pw ]. Xncp-ta\nIev]n-®-\p-K-ln-®p. Gsd h¿j-ßƒ°p tijw s]cn-bm¿hmen- I-\m¬ ]≤-Xn-hgn s]cn-bm-dnse Pew Cu ]tZ-isØ Im¿jn-ta-J-esb kº-∂-am-°n. ]. Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp≈ `‡n_lpam-\-kq-N-I-ambn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mƒ \hw-_¿ 1, 2, 3 Xob-Xn-I-fn-embnCu CS-hI BtLm-jn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn≥ Iogn¬ Cu tZhm-ebw F°m-ehpw ASn-bp-d®p\n∂n-cp-∂p. G. Un. 1919¬ A∂sØ At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-bn-cp∂ ]. …o_mtam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv _mhm tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Fgp-∂-≈p-Ibpw am¿ Iuam-bpsS Xncp-ti-

jn∏v ÿm]n® I_¿ Bbn-c-ßƒ°v Bi-b-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]gb tZhm-ebw at\m-l-c-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw ÿe-]-cn-anXn aqew hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°¬A]-cym-]vX-ambn Xo¿∂p. 2004 ¬ CS-hI s]mXp-tbm-K-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ]gb tZhm-ebw s]mfn®v\o°n ]pXnb tZh-e-b-Øns‚ ]Wn Bcw-`n-®p. BI-am\kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£≥ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhm hmgvØn A\p-K-ln®p \¬Inb ine tijvTImtXm-en-°mbpw CS-hI saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bp-amb B_q≥am¿ _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhm ÿm]n-®p.ssZh-Øns‚ Af-h‰ Icp-W-bmepw _lp. hnImcn Rm‰pw-Im-em-bn¬ h¿§okv I»o-i-bp-sSbpw kl-hn-Im-cn-am-cmbtamtf-°p-Sn-bn¬ sb¬tZmkv I»o-i-bp-sSbpw Nnd-ßcsb¬tZm Iio-i-bp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ SÃn-am-cmb ]n.C. bmt°m_v ]p∂-t»-cnbn¬, sI. ]n. tPm¿÷v tImSn-bm- n¬ F∂n-h-cp-sSbpw ta¬t\m- -Øn¬ amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bp-sSbpw ‡-kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw CS-h-I-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw

\n¿tem-`-amb klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ßƒ sIm≠v AXn-thKw ssZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ]Wn ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS 4˛mw ss«lnI kµ¿i\ thf-bn¬]. ]nXm-hns‚ Xr°-c-ß-fm¬ tijvT ImtXm-en-°- _mhmbp-tSbpw k -bnse a‰v saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-∑m-cp-sSbpw km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ HIvtSm-_¿ amkw 26, 27 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ hn. aqtdm≥ A`n-tjI IqZmi \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. IqZm-i-bpsS A\p-K-l-I-c-amb \S-Øn-∏n\v F√mw ssZh-a-°-fp-sSbpw ]m¿∞\m ]q¿Æ-amb klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ßƒ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p.

agp-h-∂p¿ sk‚ v tXmakv bmt°m_mb kpdn-bm\n ]≈n hn.aqtdm≥ A`n-tj-I-Iq-Zm-i°v Hcp-ßp∂p.

]pXp-∏≈n, Imhpw- mKw ]≈n-I-fpsS

IqZmi ]. _mhm \n¿∆-ln°pw

Imhpw- mKw Nm∏¬ ]pXp-∏≈n sk‚ v tPm¿÷v t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]≈n

At\Iw ]oU-Ifpw XymK-ßfpw kln®v ]Sp-Øpb¿Ønb ]pXp-∏≈n sk‚ v tPm¿÷vt]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]≈nbpsSbpw Imhpw-`mKw sk‚ v tPm¿÷v Nm∏-en-s‚bpw IqZmi]. ]mXo-b¿°okv _mhm \n¿∆-ln-°pw. at\m-l-c-ß-fmb tZhm-e-b-ß-fm-Wv c≠pÿeß-fnepw Db¿Ø-s∏-´-Xv. F√mw \jvS-s∏´v amXr CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂pw amdnbCu kaqlw hfsc ITn-\m-≤zm\w sNbvXmWv Cu ]≈n-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-®-Xv. Cu CS-h-I-Iƒ°v t\XrXzw \evIp∂ sshZo-IcpsSbpw hnizmk kaq-l-Øn-t‚bpw \n›-b-Zm¿Uyw H∂p amX-amWv Cu ]≈n-I-fpsS \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v hgn-sX-fn-®-Xv. Imhpw-`mKw]≈n-bpsS IqZmi 23\p sshIn´pw ]pXp-∏≈n ]≈n-bpsS IqZmi 24\pw ]. ]nXmhv\n¿∆-ln°pw

Xma-c-®m¬ ]≈nsb hen-b-]-≈n-bmbn Db¿Øp∂pXma-c-®m¬ sk‚ v tacokv ]-≈nsb ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v

henb ]≈n-bmbn Db¿Øp-∂p. HIvtSm-_¿ 20\v Xn¶-fmgvN 4.30 \mWv NS-ßp-Iƒ \SØp-I. sIm√-h¿jw 1078˛mw am≠n-emWv Cu ]≈n ÿm]n-X-am-b-Xv. 105 h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ CutZhm-e-b-Øn¬ hn. F´p-t\mºv s]cp-∂mƒ hfsc ]i-kvX-am-Wv. ]e ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂pwhnizmkn-Iƒ s]cp-∂m-fn¬ kw_-‘n-°p∂p. ]≈n-bpsS t\XrXzØn¬ ]e kmaq-lnI]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S∂p-h-cp-∂p. ]≈nbpsS Iogn-ep≈ sk‚ v tacokv ]ªn°v kvIqƒD∂-X-\n-e-hmcw ]pe¿Øp-∂p. ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkvsaXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Iev]\ ]Im-camWv Cu ]≈n ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xv.

]. _mhm 24\v tIm -bØv

]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v 24 \v tIm´-bØv FØn-t®-¿∂v`Zm-k-\-Ønse ]≈n-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-∂p. cmhnse 9.30\v ]mWw-]Sn hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw]f--fn-bn¬ h®v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn-cp∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb ]utemkv tam¿Iqdntem-kns\ hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bn-te°v Db¿Øp∂ ]Jym-]\w \S-Øpw. Ipa-cIw B‰-aw-Kew ]≈n-bnse kzoI-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw 4 aWn°v hml-\-tLm-j-bm-X-bmbn ]pXp-∏-≈n-bn-te°v \oßpw. 4.30 \v tIm´bw sk‚-S¬ PwKvj-\n¬ tIm´bw ]ucm-h-en°pth≠n ap≥kn-∏¬ sNb¿t]-gvk-¨ do_m h¿°n, kptcjv Ipdp∏v Fw. ]n., hn. F≥.hmk-h≥ Fw. F¬. F. F∂n-h¿ tN¿∂v kzoI-cn°pw. XpS¿∂v ]pXp-∏-≈n-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp∂ ]nXmhv ]≈n-bpsS hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi \n¿∆-ln-°pw. AhnsS \n∂v hml\tLmj-bm-X-bmbn aW¿ImSv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bn-te°v \oßpw. AhnsS \S-°p∂kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]. ]nXmhv ]s¶-Sp-°pw.

tIm´bw `Zm-k-\hpw, \K-chpw ]. ]nXm-hns\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Hcp-ßn-°-gn-™p. A`n. tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsSbpw Zm-k\ skI-´dn Ipdn-bm-t°mkv Ing-t°-SØv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpsSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hnhn[IΩ-‰n-Iƒ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. ^m. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv aW-te¬Nn-d-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬]ªn-kn‰n IΩ‰n ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. tIm´bw SuWn¬ _mhm-bpsS hchv hnfn-®-dn-bn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Iam-\-ßfpw t_m¿Up-Ifpw Db¿∂p-I-gn-™p.

aW¿ImSv, ]Ø-\w-Xn- , tNemSv, ]mWw-]Sn F∂o ]≈n-Iƒ

_mhm kµ¿in-°pw. A√-]-bn-epw, sX°≥ ]d-hqcpw

_mhm hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n°pw

]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS \memw ss«lnI kµ¿i-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®vXma-c-®m¬ sk‚ v tacokv, agp-h-∂q¿ sk‚ v tXmak,v tNemSv _k-m\n-b, aW¿ImSv a¿Ø-a-dn-bw, A√-], Ipa-cIw sk‚ v tPm¨kv, B‰-aw-K-ew, ]Ww-]-Sn, sX°≥]-d-hq¿, ]Ø-\w-Xn- , tImX-aw-Kew hen-b-]-≈n, sNdn-b-]≈n AS-°-ap-≈ -ssZ-hm-e-b-ßƒ _mhm kµ¿in-°pw. Nnß-h\w Iv\m\mb AXn-`-Zm-k\ Bÿm\w, tImX-aw-Kew tNemSv am¿ Kn-tKm-dn-tbmkv U‚¬ tImtf-Pv, tImX-aw-Kew Fw. F. tImtfPv F∂o ÿm]-\-ßƒ _mhmkµ¿in-°pw. sX°≥]d-hq¿, A√] F∂o ]≈n-I-fn¬ hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°pw

23\v ]Ø\wXn -bn¬

]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v 23 \v a™-\n-°-c Zbd, ]Ø-\w-Xn´ sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n F∂nh kµ¿in-°pw. A∂p sshIn´v Imhpw-`mKw Nm∏-ens‚IqZmi ]. _mhm \n¿∆-ln-°pw. sIm√w, Xpº-a¨, \ncWw `Zm-k-\-ß-fpsS kwbp‡B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ Hcp-°-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bmbn hcp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-∑m-cmb bqlm-t\m≥tam¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv, amXyqkv tam¿ tXthm-tZm-kn-tbm-kv, tUm. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv F∂n-h¿ t\XrXzw \¬Ipw. ]. _mhm ‡-kw-L-S-\-I-fpsS kwK-a-tØbpw amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-tbbpw A`nkwt_m-[\ sNøpw. a™-\n-°c ate-°p-cniv Zbdm kµ¿in-°pw.]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS kµ¿i-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚-dn¬ \S-°p∂ k¨tU-kvIqƒ, h\n-Xm-k-am-Pw, bqØv At m-kn-tb-j≥F∂o ‡-kw-L-S-\-I-fpsS tbmKsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøpw. IqSmsX k`m-am-t\-PnwKvIΩ-‰n, h¿°nwKv IΩ‰n F∂n-h-cpsS tbmK-Ønepw ]. ]nXmhv ]s¶-Sp-°pw. a™-\n-°c]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS I_-dn-¶-epw, ate-°p-cniv Zb-dm-bn¬I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ Ing-°ns‚ ImtXm-en-°-bm-bn-cp∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS I_-dn-¶epw ]. ]nXmhv kµ¿in-°pw.

hnizmk-kw-c-£-I≥ Gcnbm Hm¿K-ss\-k¿am¿

tUm¨ t__n h¿KokvIm™n-c-a‰-Øn¬

Sn sI tXmakv hb-\mSvXpcp-Øp-tΩ¬

F¬tZmkv h¿Kokvap≠-°m-am-en-Ip-Sn-bn¬


VARGHESE KORAH PARATHUVAYALIL & FAMILY

14 NORTH RIDGE ROAD

POMONA. NY. 10970.

845-362-4735

BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£≥ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhmbv°v `mcX aÆn-te°v kzmKXw

]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ A\p-K-lo-X-amb AºXph¿j-ßƒssZhm-\p-K-l-Øns‚ \nd-hn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Rß-fpsStijvT ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmbv°v lrZ-bw-K-amb Biw-k-Iƒ


]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSwsjh. sI. hn. ]utemkv M.A., B.Ed

tKmX-]n-Xm-hmb bmt°m_v \mń \n¿Øn A`n-tjIw sNbvX ine «ol-∑m-cn¬ Xe-h-\mb iotam≥ ]tXmkv G‰p-]-d™ kXy-hn-izm-k-am-Ip∂ ]md-ta¬ \ΩpsSI¿Ømhv ÿm]n® hn. k -bpsS ZrjvSm-¥-am-Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øn\v ]km-Z-ap≈ BflobbmKw Ign-∏m-\pff Krl-amWv h. k`. AXp tbip apJm-¥-c-ap≈ bmK-amWv (1 ]tXm.

4.5). InkvXp-hn¬hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw Ahs‚Xncp -i-coc c‡-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw \mwPoh-\p-≈-h-cm-bn-Øq-cp -∂p. AXn-\m¬ hn. k`ssZhw hkn-°p∂Poh-\p≈ aµncwXs∂.

InkvXobk` temI-Øn-em-Zy-ambn sbcp-i-te-an¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. F.-Un. 37 ¬ hn.]tXmkv «olmAt¥ym-Jy-mbn¬Cu k`-bpsSk n w l m - k \ wÿ m ] n - ® p .A t ¥ y m J y mBZna InkvXym-\n-I -fpsS A`-b -tIµw amX-a√kph n - ti -j - ] -h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsStIµw IqSn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. A]-Imcw At¥ym-Jym-k- -Iƒ Xe-ÿm-\-

am-bn-Øo¿∂p. InkvXob hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂ t]cv BZy-ambne`n-®Xv At¥ym-Jymbn¬ h®mWv (A-t∏m. 11.26). H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Xs∂ G‰w ]cn-ip≤w ImtXm-en°w At∏m-kvtXm-enIw F∂n-ßs\ k -bpsS e£-W-ß-sf√mw XnI-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. At¥ymJym tIµ-ambn hf¿∂p h∂ InkvXob k`.

aq∂q s]mXp kq∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fnepw kXy-hn-izm-ksØ \n¿h-Nn-°p-∂-Xn\pwhni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw t\XrXzw \¬In-bXv At¥ym-Jy-bn-sebpw Ae-Ivk¥ymbn-sebpw thZ-im-kvX-]-WvUn-X-∑m-cmb ]nXm-°-∑m-cm-Wv. tam¿ AØ-\m-kntbm-kv. tam¿Ipdn-temkv F∂n-h¿ Cu hn. ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ ]Y-a-\o-b-cm-Wv. Iev]-tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm--°-∑mcpw Cu KW-Øn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

InkvXp-hns‚ 12 injy-∑m-cn¬ Hcp-h-\mb am¿tØmΩm «olm-bmWv Cu \mń¬BZy-ambn InkvXp-aXw ]N-cn-∏n-®-Xv. F.-Un. 52¬ hn. tXmam-«olm I∏¬ am¿§wsImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ h∂n-d-ßn. ae-¶c k -bn¬ Hcp ]n≥Km-ansb hmgn-°p-∂-Xn\v hn. tXmam-«o-lmbv°p km[n-®n-√. F¶nepw 7 ]≈n-I-ƒ ÿm]n-®-Xn-\p-]p-dta i¶-c-]p-cn, , ]I-tem-a-‰w, If-fn, Imfn-bm-¶¬ F∂o \mep-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]´-°msc hn. «olm\nb-an-®p-≠m-°nbncp-∂p. aem° , ssN\ apX-emb ÿe-ß-fn¬ kphn-tij tLmjWw\S-Ønb tijw ae-¶-c-bn-te-°p≈ aS-°-bm-X-bn¬ hn. tXmam-«mlm c‡-km-£n-In-coSw ]m]n-®-Xn-\m¬ ae-¶c k` A\m-Y-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

F.-Un. 345 se kndn-b≥ IpSn-tb‰whsc-bp≈ ImeØv ae-¶-c-bn¬ saXm-\n-√msX CS-b-\n-√mØ BSp-I-sf-t∏mse hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-sb-∂Xv k¿k-Ω-X-amb Imcy-am-Wv. h¿ØI ]am-Wn-bmb Iv\mbn-tXm-am-bpsS hchv InkvXy≥ kaq-l-Øn\v Hcp ]pØ≥ DW¿th-In. -tam¿ butk^v saXm-\pw, 72 IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬s∏´v400 t]cp-am-bn-´mWv Iv\mbn-tXma cmP-]-cn-th-j-Øn¬ I∏-en-d-ßn-b-Xv.. I»o-»-∑mcpwsiΩm-»-∑mcpw A°q-´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]. At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kv, tam¿HkvØm-Øntbmkv _mhm-bpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØmSpw Bio¿hm-Z-tØm-Spw-IqSn Ah¿h∂-Xv. kndn-b≥ IpSn-tb-‰-Øn-eqsS Hcp saXms\ k`bv°p e`n-®p. At±lw Rmb-dmgvN Znh-k-ß-fn¬, kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬,-hn. bmt°m-_ns‚ XIvk D]-tbm-Kn®p hn.Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-®n-cp-∂p. hn. Ip¿∫m-\bv°v ]pfn-∏p≈ A∏w (l-ao-dm) D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

A∂sØ c-W-I¿Øm-hm-bn-cp∂ tNc-a≥ s]cp-amƒ 72 ]Z-hn-I-fmWv Iv\mbn-tXm-ambv°v A\p-h-Zn-®-Xv. B\-∏p-dØv khmcn sNøm-\pw, ]X-°-hpw, tXmƒ hfbpwAWn-bm-\pw, sh©m-a-chpw , Be-h- hpw Xgbpw IpSbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm\pw rXysc\nb-an-°m-\p-sams° A[n-Im-chpw Ah-Im-ihpw e`n® Iv\mbn -tXmam \km-Wn-I-fpsS t\Xm-hmbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. Cc-hn-tIm¿Ø¬ sNt∏-en-eqsS Nne kmaq-lnI]Z-hn-Iƒ e`n-®-Xp-Iq-SmsX X¶hpw AXn-\-SpØ Np¶hpw ]ncn-°p-hm-\p≈ A[n-Im-chpw t\csØ Xs∂ (F.-Un. 230 ¬) e`n-®n-cp-∂p. InkvXym-\n-Iƒ kaq-l-a-≤y-Øn¬G‰hpw AwKo-Imcw e`n-®-h-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. e`n® A[n-Im-c-ß-sf√mw k¥-In-]-c-º-c-Iƒ°pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.

At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°okv Ing-s°m-s°-bp-sS-bpw-ta¬ A[n-Imcw Ds≠∂pwIng-°p≈ F√m taev]- -°mcpw At±-l-Øn\v Iogz-g-ßn-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ F.-Un. 331seIpkv¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-knse c≠mw \n›bw \ΩpsS k`bv°v DW¿∆v \¬In bmt°m_v_p¿Zm\ Fs∂∂pw A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Spw. bmt°m_v _p¿±m-\msb A\p-K-an-®-h¿F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ bmt°m-_m-b-°m¿ F∂v Ccp kz`m-h-hm-Zn-Iƒ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf hnfn-®Xv \ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-I¿ A`n-am-\-am-bn-´mWv Icp-Xn-b-Xv.

F´mw \q‰m-≠nse At¥ymJym (bm-t°m-_m-b) ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ A[n-Imcwt]¿jy, Atd-_y, kndnb, saskm-t∏m-t´m-an-b, A¿tΩ\y F∂p th≠ tIcfw hscbpwhym]n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]ikvX Ncn-X-Im-c-\mb l^v hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

sIm√-h¿jw H∂mw B≠n¬ (F.-Un. 325) kmt∏m¿ Cutim F∂ kndn-b≥hym]m-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ta¿ imt_m¿, tam¿ A^vtdmØv F∂o saXm-∑m¿sIm√Øv FØp-I-bpw, ]≈n-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-I-bpw, tIc-f-sam-´msI k©-cn®v hnizm-kn-Isf kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \ne-\n¿Øp-I-bpw sNbvXp. Ah¿°v A∂sØ c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬ \n∂v e`n® B\p-Iq-ey-ß-sf-∏‰n sIm√sØ Xco-km-]-≈n- sN-∏-Sp-IƒsXfnhp \¬Ip-∂p. sIm√sØ X∏-km-]≈n Cu hn. ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ÿm]n-®-Xm-Wv.B≠p-tXmdpw Unkw-_¿ 1, 2 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ Cu ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Hm¿Ω AI-∏-dºvbmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-]-≈n-bn¬ `‡n kmµ-ambn BN-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p.

15- mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc ae-¶c k -bn¬ bmt°m-_mb hnizmkw amX-ta-bp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂m≈p s\kvtXm-dnb hnizm-ktam tdmam hnizm-ktam D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂pw ae-¶c ItØm-en-°m-k`bpsS B¿®p _nj∏v tam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Bbn-Øo¿∂ dh.^m.-]n.-‰n. Koh-dp-Kokv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

F.-Un. 1490 apX¬ 1597 hsc-bp≈ Ime-L-´w, ae-¶c k`sb kw_-\v[n-®n-S-tØm-fw, s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ ImtXm-en°m A°m-e-L-´-ß-fn¬ XpS¿®-bmbn ae-¶-c-bn-te°v saXm-∑msc \nban-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°v hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ Imcy-amb kzm[o-\-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√b kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS hnizmk Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ CS-s]-´p-an-√. AXn-\m¬ hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂v FXn¿∏p Ah¿°v t\cn-tS≠n h∂n-ń√ 1490¬ ae-¶c k`m s\kvtXm-dn-b -ad-bp-ff B _‘w 1597 ¬ am¿ A_lmw saXm≥\ncym-X-\m-btXmSpIqSn Ah-km-\n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.

ae-¶-c-bnse kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Isf tdmam A[n-Im-c-Øn≥ Iogn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ kzoI-cn® BZy \S]Sn s\kvtXm-dnb saXm-∑msc ]tem-`n-∏n®p kzm[o-\-Øn-em-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. [rX-cm-jvSm-enw-K\w t]mse, AXvs\kvtXm-dn-b-bpsS ]X-\-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A_lmw saXms‚I_¿t]mepw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ s]mfn-®p-I-f-™p. A_lmw saXm≥ \ncym-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-apºp Xs∂ tIc-f-k- -bnse am¿tØmΩm ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v ]I-tem-a‰w Xd-hm-ńse Koh-dp-Kokv A¿°Zn-bm-t°m≥ F∂ t]cn¬ am¿tØmΩm \km-Wn-I-fpsSCS-°me `c-Wm-[n-Imcn F∂ \ne-bn¬ Npa-X-e-tb-‰p- I-gn-™n-cp-∂p.

ae-¶-c-bnse am¿tØmΩm InkvXym-\n-Isf apgp-h≥ tdmam Xmev]-cy-ßƒ°pIogvs∏-Sp-ØpI F∂ BK-l -km-^-ey-Øn-\mbn tKmhm B¿®v _n-j∏v Ae-Ivknas\-kn v 1599 ¬ DZbw-t]-cq-cn¬ kq∂-l-tZmkv hnfn-®p-Iq-ń. kp∂-l-tZm-kn-\p-ap≠vtIcf ssIkvX-h-cpsS c-W-Øn¬ t\Xr-ÿm\w hln-®n-cp-∂Xv A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. k`m c-W-Øn¬ ] -°m¿°pw F∂√ B¿°pw \√ ÿm\-am-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ae-¶c k`-bn¬ At∂mfw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ kp∂-l-tZmkv H‰-b-Sn°v XI¿Øp A[n-Im-c-sa√mw saXm-∑m-cn¬ sNs∂-Øn-Øp-S-ßn. ]´-°mcpw CS-hI ]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw AS-ßnb ]≈n-tbm-K-ßƒ°v \nebpw hnebpw C√m-Xm-bn. A]-Imcw tIcf ssIkvX-h-cpsS c-W-kw-hn-[m\w \in-∏n-®Xv DZbwt]cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkpwXpS¿∂p-≠mb tdmam- -c-W-hp-am-Wv. sshZn-I¿°v _“-Ncyw \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bXpw mcy-amsc Dt]-£n-°p-hm≥ sshZn-I-tcmSv B⁄m-]n-®Xpw A]-e-]-\o-b-amb Xncp-am-\-ß-fm-Wv.

1599 apX¬ 1653 hsc 54 sIm√w ae-¶c k` ]q¿Æ-ambpw tdmam-`-c-W-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. B ]m›m-Xy-ta¬t°m-bvasb ]c-ky-ambn sh√p-hn-fn®v Rß-fpsS AkvYnXzw\ne \n¿Øp-hm≥ kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ \S-Ønb NcnX kw`-h-amWv Iq\≥Ipcniv kXyw. ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ ssIkvXh kap-Zmbw 1653 aIcw 3˛mw XobXn s]mń-sØ-dn-®p. Xßƒ ]q¿∆oI ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-∏n-®-Xn¬ kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ kss[cyw ]Jym-]n-®p.

At¥ym-Jym-]m-Xn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ tam¿ Al-Øff -_m-hmsb ]d-¶n-IƒIS-en¬ sIń-XmgvØn A]m-b-s∏-SpØn F∂-dn-™-tXmsS kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p-≠mb tIm]-Øn\pw at\m-th-Z-\bv°pw AXn-cn-√m-Xm-bn. Ah-sc√mw a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ HØp-Iq-Sn. Iq\≥ Ipcn-in¬ Ib¿ sIń AXn-t∑¬ ]nSn®p Xß-fpsS ]mXn-bm¿°okv _mhmsb lnwkn-®-h-cmb Pkzo‰v _nj-∏n-t\bpw tdmam k`-tbbpw C\nHcn-°epw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-X-s√∂v ]Xn-⁄-sN-bvXp. ]kvXpX ]Xn⁄ 1653 aIcw3˛mw XobXn shf-fn-bm-gvN-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-⁄-b\p-k-cn®v Hcp DS-º-Snbpw Ah¿ FgpXnXøm-dm-°n.

]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Ønse ]mXn-b¿°okmb C·m-Øn-tbmkv Ccp-]-Øn-aq-∂m-a\m¬ Ab-bv°-s∏´ tam¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZ¬ Peo¬ _mhm 1665 ¬ae-¶-c-bn-seØn k`bv°v ]pØ-\p-W¿∆v \¬In. At±lw tdmam A¿°-Zn-bm-t°ms\am¿tØmΩm H∂m-a≥ F∂ t]cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmbn hmgn-®p. ]pcm-X-\-ambkXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ k`sb Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øn. tam¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv _mhm sshZn-I¿°v hnhmlw ]p\:ÿm]n-®p. Cu ]. ]nXmhpw am¿tØmΩm H∂m-a\pw IqSn c≠mwam¿tØm-Ωsb hmgn-®p. XymKm-[-\-\mb Cu ]. ]nXmhv 1670 G]n¬ 27-˛mw XobXn(taSw 14 \v) sh≈n-bm-gvN- Imew sNbvXv Ncn-X-]-kn-≤-amb hS-°≥ ]d-hq¿ sk‚ vtXmakv ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-´p.

k -bpsS kap-≤m-c-W-Øn-\mbn b¬tZm- tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv _mhmbpw lnZm-b-Øp≈ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∏n-kvtIm-∏mbpw tImX-aw-K-eØv FØn-t®¿∂Xv 1685 I∂n-amkw 7˛mw Xob-Xn-bm-Wv. lnZm-b-Øp≈ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∏n-kvtIm∏msb 14-˛mwXobXn …n_m s]cp-∂mƒ Znhkw ]. b¬tZm tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv _mhm tImX-aw-Kew sNdnb ]≈n-bn¬ h®v saXm-\mbn hmgn-®p. ]. b¬tZm tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv_mhm-bpsS I_-dnSw C∂pw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ß-fpsS A`-b-ÿm-\-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.lnZm-b-Øp≈ tam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv _mhm-bpsS \nkvX-pe-amb ]cn-i-a-ß-fpsS e-am-bn-´mWv bmt°m-_mb hnizmkw i‡n-s∏´p ]pjvSn-]m-]n-®-Xv.

tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv iI≈ _mhmbpw kwLhpw 1791 taS- amkw 23-˛mwXobXn sIm®n-bn-se-Øn. tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv _mhm-bpw kwLhpw am¿tØmamA©m-a\v ]´w sImSpØv km[yX Iao-I-cn-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]. ]nXmhvI≠-\mSv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈nbn¬ A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈p-∂p.

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS AXn-]-K-ev -\mb saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mamcn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂ Bdmwam¿tØmΩm AYhm tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv H∂m-a≥ Ct±lamWv Hcp Aaq-ey-\n-[n-t]mse A¶-amen ]≈n-bn¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb thZ-]p-kvXIw t¢m-Un-bkv _p°m-\s\ Gev]n-®-Xv. amØp-X-c-I-\n¬ \n∂pw a‰pw Gsd ]oU-\-ßƒ At±-l-Øn\v t\cn-tS≠n h∂p. tam¿ Zoh∂m-tkymkv H∂m-a≥ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmWv3000 ]ph-cm-l≥ AYhm 10500 cq. CuÃn¥ym Iº-\n°v 3% cq]bv°v sImSp-Ø-Xv.Iºn-°p-th≠n XpI kzoI-cn-®Xv I¿Æ¬ sa-°m-sf-bm-Wv.

F´mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ImeØv I≠\m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]≈n-tbmKw AwKo-I-cn®tijw 7 mw t]Pn¬

]pcm-X-\-amb At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ ]. ]nXmhv

Xocp-am-\-ß-fmWv I≠-\m´p ]Sn-tbme F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-a≥ AYhm ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v tam¿ Znh-∂m-

tkym-kns‚ ImeØv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cm⁄n ]m¿∆-Xn- mbn tIm -bØv an\-®n-em-dns‚XocØv Zm\-ambn \¬Inb 16 G°¿ ÿeØv ]Tn-Ø-hnSv ÿm]n-®p. CXmWv ]gbskan-\m-cn. sshcm-ly-ta-dnb s]m´-Ã‚p-Im-cn¬ \n∂v k`sb c£n-°p-hm\pw k`-bpsS kXy-hn-izmkw Bh¿Øn-®p-d-∏n-°p-hm-\p-ambn tN∏m´v tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkvsaXm-t∏m-eoØ 1836 ¬ aIcw 5˛mw XobXn amth-en-°c ]pXnb Imhv ]≈n-bn¬ HcptbmKw hnfn-®p-Iq-ń. B Xocp-am-\-ß-fmWv amth-en-°c ]Sntbme F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.][m\ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hbmWv 1. At¥ym-Jy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pwÿm\-ta¬°m≥ km[n-°m-Xn-cp∂ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw At¥ymJymbmWv tae-[n-Imcn F∂pw ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. 2. ]mXn-b¿°m knwlm-k\w hn. ]tXm-kns‚ knwlm-k-\-am-Ip-∂p. 3. ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv Ab® ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ \n∂mWv Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ßƒ Inń-b-Xv. AX-\p-k-cn-®mWv \S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. 4. ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ A\p-aXnIqSmsX a‰p hnizm-k-°m-cp-ambn Iq´p-Iq-Sp-hm≥ ]mSn-√. 5. ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ Iev]-\m-\p-k-cWw h∂ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS ]Wn-bn-°-s∏-´-h-bmWv ]≈n-Iƒ. 6. bmt°m-_mb kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-k-a-√msX Ah-km-\-izm-k-tØmfw as‰m∂p Rßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn-√. 7. ]. amXm-hn-s‚bpw hnip-≤-∑m-cp-sSbpwa≤y-ÿ-]m¿∞-\-I-fn-eqsS Bibw 8. CXn-s\√mw km£n ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hpw.

kn.-Fw.-F- pw. bmt°m-_mb k`bpw IqSn Iq´mbn ssIhiw h®n-cp∂ kzØp-°sf kw_-‘n®v a≤yÿ kan-Xn-I-fpsS Xo¿∏v 1840 G]n¬ 4˛mw XobXn ]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´p. AXmWv sIm®n≥ Ahm¿Uv F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-bs∏Sp∂-Xv. ........ hń-∏-Ww,skan-\mcn Skvddp kzØp-°ƒ bmt°m-_mb k`bv°v e`n-®p.

amXyqkv tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkns\-Xn-sc Btcm-]-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-°p-hm-\mbn bpbm°ow tam¿ Iqdntemkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]. Gen-bmkv ZznXn-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm 1846 ¬ ae-¶-c-bntebv°-b-®p. hni-Z-ambn At\z-j-W-ßƒ \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ amXyqkv tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv ae-¶c k`-bpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ saXm≥ ÿm\m¿∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw siΩm-»≥ amX-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw,kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf-°mƒ \ho-I-c-Wm-i-b-ßƒ°v ]mapJyw Iev]n-®n-cp∂ Bfm-sW∂pw tam¿ Ipdn-tem-kn\v t_m≤y-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ ChnSsØ F√mA[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-ßfpw amXypkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkym-kn\v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶-c- k-`-bpsS bYm¿∞ `c-Wm-[n-Imcn tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv \mem-at\m amXyqkvtam¿ AØm-\m-tkymtkm F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn _nójv dkn-U‚n-s‚ip]m¿i ]Imcw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚ v Hcp ]©m-bØv G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. c≠pbqtdm-]y-∑mcpw c≠v \m´p-Imcpw Dƒs∏sS \mew-K-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p ]©m-b-Øn¬ hmgn-°-s∏-´ Bƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]©m-bØv kan-Xn-bmWv 1874-˛\vv e≠\n-seØn C¥ym-sk-I-´-dn-sbbpw hnIvtSm-dnb alm-cm-⁄n-tbbpw kµ¿in®v ae-¶-c-k-`-bnseÿnXnKXn-Iƒ hni-Z-ambn [cn-∏n-®p. alm-cm-⁄n-bpsS B\p-Iqeyw aqew B¿®p-_n-j-∏ns‚ FXn¿∏p-≠m-bn´pw _nójv Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ]n¥pWbn¬ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhm e≠-\n¬ \n∂v aZm-knepw ]n∂oSv ae-¶-c-bnepw FØn. AtX XpS¿∂v amXyqkvtam¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb ap≥ cmP-Iob hnfw-_cw d±p-sNbvXv ]pXnbcmP-Iob hnfw-_cw 1876 am¿®v 4˛mw XobXn ]kn-≤n-Ir-X-am-bn. kpdn-bm\n k`-bnsesaXm-∑msc hmgn-°m\pw \o°m\pw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚n\v Ah-Im-i-an-s√∂pwX¿°-ßƒ D≠m-bm¬ knhn¬ tImS-Xn-Iƒ aptJ\ Ah Xo¿Øp-sIm-f-f-msa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p ]pXnb hnfw-_-c-Øn-eqsS ]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´-Xv.

kzm`m-hn-I-ambn H∂ns\ XpS¿∂v am‰m≥ F∂ coXn-bn¬ ]≈n-Iƒ am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kn¬ \n∂v hn´p-am-dp-Ibpw ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ HuZmcyw \ne-\n¬°p∂]h¿Ø-\-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ ]th-i-\-Øn-\mbn At]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v1876 ¬ kp]-kn-≤-amb apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkpw apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ h®v ]. _mhm-bpsS ][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬ hn. aqtdm≥ IqZ-ibpw \S-Ø-s∏-´p.

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS \ne-\n-ev]n-∂p≈ hgn Xpd-∂p-I-gn™p AXns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\pwA`n-hr-Zv[n-°p-ap≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]. _mhm i≤ ]Xn-∏n-®p. ]. _mh ae-¶-c-k-`sb Ggv `Zm-k-\-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°p-Ibpw Bdv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amsc hmgn®v \nb-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. NcnXw Xncp-Øn-°p-dn® apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ hnP-b-Øn-\mbn Atlm-cmXw ]h¿Øn® ]. ]cp-ae sIm®p-Xn-cpta\n ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhm-bpsS skI- -dnbpw Zz`mjn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. _lp. IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥tIm-sd-∏n-kvtIm∏m hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse A∂v dºm-\m-bn-cp∂ ]cp-ae sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n ]. ]nXm-hns‚ \mhpw ae-¶-c-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS \mhpw Bbn-cp-∂p.

]. ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS c£-I-\mWv,AP-ø-\mWv F∂v A`n-am-\n®v ]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚\ho-I-c-W-i-a-ßsf At±lw ]mtS XI¿Øp ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm hnfn-®p-Iq-ńb apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkmWvv ae-¶-c-bn¬ kXy-hn-izmkw \ne-\n¿Øn-bXv .AXmWv ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v `c-W-Iaw ]Zm\w sNbvX-Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v tI´-dnhv amX-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ A∂sØ `mc-XØ-n¬ ae-¶c A-tkm-kn-tb-j≥ cq]o-I-cn®vkmap-Zm-bnI P\\m-b-I-`-c-W-Iaw k`-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb ]. ]tXmkv XrXn-b≥]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Fs∂∂pw `‡-P-\- a\- p-I-fn¬ Pohn-°pw.

1876 Nnßw 15- mw XobXn hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ hmßn-∏n≥ s]cp-∂mƒ Zn\Øn¬apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn¬ h®v ]. ]nXmhv hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi sNbvXp. Cu kw`hw ae-¶-c-bn¬ BZy-tØ-Xm-Wv. ae¶c-k-`-bn¬ cn-®n-´p≈ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cn¬ G‰hpw]K-¤-\mb -H-cm-fm-bn-cp∂p ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv AYhmtam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-a≥. 10 h¿jw \o≠p-\n∂ skan-\mcn tIkn¬ tdmb¬tImSXn hn[n-bp-≠m-bXv At±-l-Øns‚ c-W-Im-e-Øm-Wv. At¥ym-Jym-]m-Xn-b¿°okvkpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS AwKo-IrX Xeh\m-sW∂pw Hcp saXms‚ km[p-hmb ÿm\-Øn\v At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s‚tbm At±-l-Øns‚ AwKo-IrX ]Xn-\n-[n-bp-sStbm ssIhbv]v thW-sa∂v saXm-∑mcpw F√m-Im-eØpw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-a≥ C]-Im-c-ap≈ saXm-\m-sW∂pw tXmakvtam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv BIs´ km[p-hmb ssIh-bv]p≈ saXm-\-s√∂pw BZm-b-∏-ńI hkvXp-°ƒ At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn\v Iohn-ep≈ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn-\mbn ÿm]n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw 1889 ¬ tdmb¬ tImSXn tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbm-kn-tbmkv A©m-a\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n ]Jym-]n-®p. tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-a≥, XZ-\p-k-cWw ]gb skan-\m-cnbpw k`-bpsS kzØp-°fpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°mbn hos≠-SpØp tXmakv tam¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkns\ ]n¥m-ßn-b-h¿ "am¿tØmΩm kpdn-bm\n k`'' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ]tXyI k`-bmbn \ne-sIm-≠p.

1908 sabv 31 \v sbcp-i-te-an¬ h®v ]cn. A_vtZ-Zm-temtlm (c≠m-a≥) ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh A`n. Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbm-kn-s\bpw A`n. ]utemkvtam¿ Iqdn-tem-kn-s\bpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcmbn hmgn-®p. ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Iev]-\-]-Imcw Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ae-¶c saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn-Xo¿∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ Iq´p -S-Ãn-am-cmb _lp. tIm\m´v amØ≥aev]\pw io. kn. sP Ipcy\pw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ A[n-Imcw hn´p sImSp-°p-hm≥ saXm-t∏m-eoØ Xøm-dm-bn-√. A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Bcw-`n® hg-°mWv ae-¶-c-k-`m-kzmX¥yhmZw apX-emb taml-\-hm-°p-I-fm¬ sh≈ ]qi-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsSBcw- w.

]. A_vZp≈ ZznXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh 1909 sk]v‰w-_¿ 24-˛mw XobXnae-¶-c-bn-se-Øn. Xm≥ ÿm\w \¬In `cWw Gev]n® c≠p saXm≥am-tcmSpw \nb-am-\p-kr-X-amb DS-ºSn \¬Ip-hm≥ ]. _mh Bh-iy-s∏-´p. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ Zo-h-∂m-kn-tbmkv Bdm-a≥ DS-ºSn \¬Ip-hm≥ k∂-≤-\m-bn-√. ]. _mhsb A\p-Iq-en-°p∂Hcp hn`m-Khpw am¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbm-kns\ A\p-Iq-en-°p∂ Hcp hn`m-Khpw k`-bn¬cq]w ]m]n-®p. Cu hn`m-K-ßƒ bYm-Iaw ""_mhm I£n'' sb∂pw ""saXm≥ I£n''sb∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ XpS-ßn. am¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Bdm-as\ 1911 sabv 31-˛mwXobXn (C-Shw 18) ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh apS-°n.

ÿm\`rjvS-\m-°-s∏´ ]mXn-b¿°okv am¿ A_vZp¬ anin-lmsb saXm≥I£n-°m¿ 1912 ae-¶-c-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p. apdn-a‰w am¿ Cuhm\n-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ImtXm-en°m F∂ A`n-[m-\-Øn¬ 1912 sk]v‰w-_¿ 17\v ÿm\w \¬Inhmgn-®p. am¿ A_vZ¬ anin-lm-bpsS Iev]-\-bnse Hcp `mKw CXm-Wv. ""\nß-fpsSAt]-£-]m-Imcw \mw \nßƒ°v a^n-bm\sb AXm-bXv ImtXm-en-°msb hmgn®pX∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥ \nß-fpsS kvt\l-tØmsS D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv Fs¥-∂m¬ G‰hpwhnip-≤hpw At∏m-kvtXm-enIhpamb k`bv°v B[m-c-amb ]tXm-knI hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-™p- t]mIcp-Xv... AXn-\m¬ Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv Iev]n-°p-∂-sX-s¥-∂m¬At¥ym-Jym-bpsS ss«lnI knwlm-k-\-hp-amb kvt\l-Øn¬ \n∂pw Iq´m-bva-bn¬\n∂pw A\y-s∏-´p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.''

1995 se _lp. kp]nw-tIm-SXnbpsS hn[n-bnepw C°mcyw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.ae-¶c k` BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS Hcp hn`m-Khpw ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£-\p-am-Wv. Bfln-b-ambn ]mXnb¿°okv _mhm ImtXm-en-°m-bpsSta¬ÿm\nbmWv. ""ImtXm-en° am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Bcq-U-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ F∂p-≈Xpw ]cnip≤ F∂ _lp-a-Xn-kw-⁄bpw D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. tIhewBe-¶m-cn-I-amb ]Z-]-tbm-K-ß-fmWv F∂pw _lp. kp]nw-tIm-SXn Iqń-t®¿Øp.

kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°v kzbw io¿j-IXzw AwKo-I-cn-°m-\mhn-√. ImcWw CXv k`-bpsS ]mc-ºcyØn\pw hnizm-k-Øn\pw hncp-≤-amb Imcy-am-Wv.""-\n-ßƒ temI-Øns‚ A‰-tØm-fhpw km£n-I-fmIpw'' F∂ I¿Ør-h-N\w A\p-k-cn®v ]mtZ-inI hmZ-Øn\v \ne-\n-ev°p-∂n-√. ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-hp-ambn At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-amWv ae-¶c k`-bv°p-≈-Xv. ImSpw taSpw Xmßn, a¥n-t\mSpw aeº-\n-tbmSpw a√n´v lnwk-ar-K-ßsf ssZhnI i‡n-bm¬ t\cn´v hm¿≤-Iy-sØ-t∏mepwIW-°m-°msX Poh≥t]mepw XrW-h¬K-Wn®v At¥ym-Jym-bn¬ \n∂pw h∂ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ IÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-- t]mse ae-¶c kpdn-bm-\n-k-`sb ImØp kwc-£n-®p.1665 ¬ ]. A_vZ¬ Peo¬ _mhm ae-¶-c-bn-seØnbn√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Cu k`-bpsS \ne-\n-ev]]v A]-I-S-Øn-em-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AkvX-ab _nµp-hn¬ \n∂mWv B]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hpw XpS¿∂p h∂ ]nXm-°-∑mcpw kpdn-bm\n k`sb ssI]n-Sn-®p-bp¿Øn-b-Xv. B ssIhbv∏v hnip≤-am-Wv. B ]utcm-lnXy \¬h-c-Øns‚ A\p-K-l-Øn-emWv k` C∂v \ne-\n-ev°p-∂-Xv. hn. ]nXm-°-∑m¿ sIm≠p-h-∂Xpw ]cn. ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhmamcm¬ IpZmi sNø-s∏-´-Xp-amb Pohs‚ ssXew hn. aptdm≥ \ap°v ]cn-ip-≤mfl \¬hcw ]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. Hcp-hs\ ]dp-Zo-km-bnte°p≈ bmX-bn¬ t]mepwhgn ImWn-°p∂ kXy-]-Im-i-ambn `hn-°p-∂p.

bYm¿∞-ambn s]‰Ω°p Xpey-bm-Wv At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\w. A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Ddhn-S-am-W-Xv. ""s]‰-Ωsb ad-∂mepw At¥ym-Jysb ad-°n-√.'' F∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bn-√. kvt\l-Øns‚ \µn-bpsS `‡n _“-Øns‚ Ihn-s™m-gp-I¬ amX-am-W-Xv. “P\\o P∑-`q-an- kz¿§m-dp-]n-K-cn-bkn'' (s]-‰-Ωbpw ]nd-∂-\mSpw kz¿§-sØ-°mƒ tijvT-am-Wv) F∂ B]vX-hm-Iy-Øns‚ A¥-k-Øbpw Btem-N-\m-ar-X-am-Wv.kz¿§o-bm-\p- hw ths≠∂mcpw ]d-bp-I-bn-√-t√m. s]‰-Ω-bp-sSbpw ]nd-∂-\m-Sns‚bpwsshinjyw ChnsS hy‡-am-°p-I-bm-Wv.

\µn-bp-≈-h-cmIpw \ap°v IrX-Lv\X Cu \mSns‚ apJ-ap-Z-b-√-t√m. hn.]tXmkv «ol G‰p-]-d-bp-∂ kXy-hn-izm-k-am-Ip∂ ]md-bn¬ \ΩpsS \mY≥ ÿm]n®hn. k`-bnse AwK-am-bn. \sΩ kXy hnizm-k-Øn¬ hgn \S-Ønb ]nXm-°-∑mscA\p-kva-cn®v B hn. ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Imń-Ø∂ hgn-bn¬, k¿∆-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw c£-I-\mbn tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ ssI]n-Sn®v \ap°v bmX XpS-cmw.

artXym¿am AarXw Kabm!


]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ˛ A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS Dd-hnSw (6˛mw t]Pn¬\n∂p XpS¿®)

s]cp-ºm-hq¿: A¶-amen `Zm-k-\-Ønse ko\n-b¿ sshZo-I-cn¬Hcmfpw, Ccn-tßmƒ sk‚ v KotKm-dn-tbmkv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n]≈n-bn¬ Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn hnIm-cn-bmbn tkh-\-a-\p-jvSn®p hcp∂^m. Gen-bm-kn\v, ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚-dnse sk‚ vAØ-\m-tkymkv IØo-U-en¬ h®v sk]v‰w-_¿ 15\v cmhnsetijvT ImtXm-en° _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mh, tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m ÿm\w \¬In. A√] ap≠-bv°-am-en-°pSn XpcpØntN´m-fw-Øp-¶c IpSpw-_mw-K-hpw, Xpcp-Ønπn sk‚ v tacokv hen-b-]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-hp-am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ Ipdp-∏w-]Sn sk‚ v tacokv ]ªn°v

kvIqƒ ]n≥kn-∏-embn ]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. XpcpØn IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Øns‚ ]kn-U‚m-Wv. A¶-amen `Zm-k\ Hmôkv amt\-P¿, taJe sshZnI skI-´-dn, Ip∂w-Ipfw s]cp-ºn-emhv sslkvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I≥, Beph FS-Øe Fw. C. Fkv. kvIqƒslUvam-Ã¿, tImS-\mSv _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ ]ªn°v kvIqƒ ]n≥kn-∏¬ F∂o\ne-I-fn-se√mw ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. IqSmsX hmg-°pfw sk‚ v tPm¿÷v bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm\n ]≈n, s\Sp-ºm-ticn sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ]≈n, ae-bn-Sw-Xp-cpØv sk‚ v tacokv]≈n, ]f-bn-°mSv am¿ _t -en-tbmkv Nm∏¬, hneßv sk‚ vtacokv ]≈n, Xpcp-Ønπn sk‚ vtXmakv ]≈n F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ hnIm-cn-bmbn tkh\w A\p-jvSn-®n-´p-≠v.

A¶-amen `Zm-k\ CS-h-I-bpsS Imew sNbvX hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Koh¿§okvam¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS amXr-k-tlm-Zc ]uX-\pw, ae-¶c k -bpsS ImtXm-en-°-bm-bn-cp∂ _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ ImtXm-en°_mhm-bpsS ]nXr-k-tlm-Zc ]uX-\p-amWv m. Gen-bm-kv. mcy s]cp-ºm-hq¿ ae-apdn tXmº-bn¬ kn_n-fn. a°ƒ Gen-bm-kv, Koh¿Ko-kv.

^mZ¿ Genbmkv tN´m-fw-Øp-¶-cbv°vtImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m ÿm\w \¬In


BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS Xe-h≥ ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh˛

kam-[m-\-Øns‚ amemJ ]d-∂n-d-ßp-∂p

BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS Xe-h-s\∂vtemIw apgp-h≥ A`n-am-\-tØmsS AwKo-I-cn-®m-Z-cn-°p∂ ]. ]nXm-hns‚ \memw At∏m-kvtXm-enI kµ¿i\w F∂Xv bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm-\n k`°v e`n-°p∂ A\pKlam-Ip-∂p.

At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS Xe-h-\mb ].]tXm-kns‚ ss«lnI knwlm-k-\-Øns‚Aa-c-°m-c-\mb Bflob ]nXm-hmWv ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm sFhmkv H∂m-a≥ _mhm.temI ssIkvXh k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚ (W.C. C) ]kn-U‚mbn \mev At∏m-kvtXm-enIknwlm-k-\-ßfpw AwKo-I-cn®v t\XrXzw

sImSp-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv A`n-am-\-tØmsS Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-hm≥ kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. tamdm≥tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm sFhmkv H∂m-a≥ _mhm At¥ym-Jym-bp-sSbpw Ing-s°m-s°-bp-sSbpw ]. ]mXn-b¿°o-kmbn ÿm\m-tcm-lWw sNbvXXv 1980 sk]vXw-_¿ 14\v …o_m s]cp-∂m-fns‚ h≥Zn-\-Øn-emWv al-Ømb 28 h¿jw ]q¿Øn-bm°nNcn-X-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn¬ ]. _mhm-bpsS `cWw cP-X-tc-J-bmbn Ipdn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.ssZhsØ kvXpXn®v kvtXmXw sNbvXv al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS Xp_vt±-\n¬ Cßs\ ]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv \ap°v Hm¿°mw.\mep- m-K-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ k -Isf tabn®p cn-°p∂ \ΩpsS ]mXn-b¿°o-kmb ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ _mhm A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ CXn-\p≈ku`mKyw e`n® GI ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw Ct±lw Xs∂-sb∂v \ap°v Hm¿°mw.temI-Øns‚ F√m `mK-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ kpdn-bm\n k`m-a-°sf ]e-h´w t\cn¬ sN∂vI≠v A\p-K-ln® ]nXmhv \ΩpsS Bflob temI-Øn¬ ad-°m-\m-hmØ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ_m°n h®n-cn-°p-∂p.

\memw ]mh-iyhpw `mc-X-a-Æn¬ Imep-Ip-Øp-tºmƒ FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ bpK-Øns‚ ][m\ h‡m-hmb ]nXm-hns\ hc-th¬°p-∂Xv aXku-lm¿±-Øn\v tIfntI´ mc-X-a-°ƒ H∂n-®mWv F∂Xv ]tXyIw FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu kµ¿i\wssIkvX-h-˛-ssl-µ-h˛ ap…ow aX-ÿ¿ amX-a√ F√m kap-Zm-b-°mcpw tNcp-tºmƒAsXmcp henb kw`-h-ambn am-dp-∂p. C‚¿ N¿®v Iu¨kn¬ ]. ]nXm-hns\ hc-th¬°p∂p F∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ k`m X¿°w ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ ]. ]nXm-hns‚ BKlw]qh-Wn-bn-°p-sa∂v ]Xym-in-°mw. imizX ]cn-lm-c-amWv k` BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv. h©n-°-s∏-S-cp-sX∂v ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v \n¿_-‘-am-Ip-∂p. H∂p-c≠p ]mhiywH∂n®v ho≠pw ]ncn™ ZpxJ kXyw k` ad-°p-∂n-√. tbmPn®p ]ncn™v c≠p k`-I-fmbn FIyp-sa-\n°¬ hb-en¬ h¿Øn-°m≥ km[n-°-s´-sb∂v Bin-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ k`-bn¬ ssZhw ]h¿Øn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-®m¬ imizX kam-[m\w D≠m-IpwF∂ ]. ]nXm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ X¶ hmIy-ß-fm-I-s -sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. ]e cmjvS-ß-fnepw ssIkvX-h-k- -Iƒ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ kndn-b-bn¬ kpdn-bm\n k` _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kndn-b≥ Kh¨sa‚n¬ hf-sc-tbsd kzm[o\w kpdn-bm\n k`bv°ve`n-°p-hm≥ ImcWw kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v amXw kz¥-am-Wv.

C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` Ign™ aq∂v ss«lnI kµ¿i-\-ßƒ°pwhne-°p-Iƒ krjvSn-®-t∏mƒ kndn-b≥ Kh¨sa‚ v `mcX Kh. hgn tÃ‰v KÃm°nhnkbpw kµ¿i\ IaoI-c-W-ßfpw \S-Øn k`sb BZ-cn®p F∂Xv Gh¿°pwAdn-bm-hp∂ Hcp kXyw amX-am-Wv.

At¥ymJym ae-¶c _‘w Ac-°n-´p-d-∏n-°m≥ \mfn-Xp-hsc ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-cmbn ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm A\p-K-ln-®-Xns‚ ]Xy£ sXfn-hmWv At¥ymJymhnizm-k-kw-c-£W kan-Xnbpw AXns‚ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥F∂ ]. AØ \m-tkymkv henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cn¬ Xs∂ kan-Xn-bpsS ]kn-U‚ v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bmWv hgn-sbm-cp-°n-b-Xv. hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ amknI hnizmk hb-en¬ Af-h‰ tkh\w sNøp-∂Xv ad-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.

C∂sØ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ]i-kvXn-bmWv a‰v ]e \qX\ k`-

Ifpw ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m-cp-≠m-I-W-sa∂v BK-ln-°m≥ Imc-Ww. ]t£ Ah-scms°]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp∂p. Imc-Ww, B ]mgvNn-¥-Iƒ temIw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√∂v kmcw.A[n-Im-c-ap≈ AwKo-IrX Xe-h≥ ]. At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°okv amX-am-Ip∂p.imco-cnI ]oUIƒ ]e-t∏mgpw temI-]-cy-S-\-Øn\pw a‰pw XS- -am-Ip-tºmƒ ]. _mh]m¿∞-\-tbmsS i‡n-bm¿÷n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Bflo-b-\-t`m-a-WvU-e-Øn-se-∂-t]mse lrZ-b-ip-≤n-bnepw ]m¿∞\m Pohn-X-Ønepw kmaq-lnI tkh-\-Ønepwhnizm-k-kw-c-£-W-Ønepw ]. ]nXm-hn-s\-t∏mse ap≥]¥nbn¬ \n¬°p∂ k`m tae-≤y-£-∑m¿ hnc-f-am-Ip-∂p-sb∂v hm¿Øm am≤y-a-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ipdn-°m≥Gsd kt¥m-j-am-Wp-≈-Xv. BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS Iogn-ep≈ ]mtZ-inI k`-Ifpw C°m-eØv Xf¿∂n-ń-√, hf¿∂n-´p-s≠∂v \nkw-ibw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. hntZ-i-ß-fnepw kztZ-iØpw ]tXy-In®v ]uc-kvXy-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ k -I-fpsS kwc-£WwIÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-t]mse ImØp-kq-£n-°m≥ ]. ]nXmhv DW¿hp-≈-h-\mbn PmK-X-tbm-Sn-cn-°p∂p F∂ kXyw I≠-dn™v \mw t_m[y-s∏- n- p-≠v. GXp ]iv\-ß-fnepwhfsc Nn¥n®pw ]Tn®pw Btem-Nn-t°-≠-h-tcmSv tNmZn-®-dn™pw Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°m≥ _‘-s∏-Sp∂ ]. ]nXmhv C∂p-hsc hnP-bn-®n-´p-≠v. ktlm-Z-c-k-`-bmb ItØm-en° k`-bpsS tae-≤y-£-\mb t]m∏v Cu ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsb ka-Xp-ey-\mbnAwKo-I-cn®v ]e-h´w ]c-kv]cw kµ¿in®pw N¿®-Iƒ \bn®pw FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ bpK-Ønse ktµ-i-hm-l-I-cm-b-hsc ]tXyIw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xmb t\´w Xs∂-bm-Wv.

t]m∏v Xt∂-°m-tfsd C∂sØ At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsb _lp-am-\n-®p-h-cp-∂p. “h∂p, I≠p, Iog-S°n” (VENI, VIDI, VICI) F∂ -XXzw C∂sØ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ssIap-X-em-Wv. ssZho-IX hne-kp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bpsSalXzw CXn-tesd as‰m-∂n-√msX Xs∂. km£n-Iƒ Gsd-bp-≈Xv Adn-bm\pwtIƒ°m\pw temIw ImtXm¿°p-∂p.

tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_n-en-bpsS kam-]-\-Øn¬ kw_-‘n-°pI F∂-XmWv \memw kµ¿i-\-Øns‚ apJye-£yw. ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Iogn¬ CjvS ktlm-Z-c-\m-bn- √ ]pX-\m-bn- mWv tijvT ImtXm-en° _mhm \mfn-Xp-hsc h¿≤n-®n-´p-≈Xv ]mXn-b¿°m-˛-Im-tXm-en°m _‘w apsº-ßp-an-√mØ hn[w tXtPm-a-b-am°n k`-sb-h-f¿Øp-∂Xv iXp-°ƒ°p-t]mepw Hcpkwkmc hnj-b-am-°m\pw Ah-cpsS hmb-S°n t\m°p-Ip-Øn-I-fm-°m\pw CS-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv it≤-b-am-Wv. bmt°m-_mb k`sb AXn-K¿Ø-Øn¬ \n∂pw s]m°n-sb-SpØv tX®pan\p°n ]mI-s∏-SpØn i‡n-Zp¿§-am-°nb tijvT ImtXm-en°m _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhm k`bv°p th≠n Aiz-ta-[-bm-K-amWv ]Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ae-¶-c-bpsS bmt°m_v _p¿±m\ F∂v Cu ]cn-ip≤ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm_lp-am-\-tØmsS apZ-bn-´Xv A\z¿∞-am-°m-\mWo Aiz-ta-[-bmKw \S-Øm≥ k`-bpsS Xe-h-\mb ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm hcp-∂-Xv. tamibpw Gen-bm-bpw, ZmhoZpwHs° ]gb \nb-a-k-`sb t]m‰n]pe¿Øn-bXv ssZho-I-\¬hcw Bthmfw e`n-®-t∏m-sg-¶n¬ tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhbpw hnf-ßp-∂Xv ssZhoI \SØn∏pw Dƒ°m-gvNbpw ]cn-ip-≤m-fl-]-cn-th-jhpw P\-]n-¥p-Wbpw hnizm-k-ho-cyhpw Bthmfw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-em-sW∂v F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]c-am¿∞-am-Ip-∂p. P\-Io-b-Xbpw ssZho-I-Xbpw HØn-W-ßn-b-t∏mƒ tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhm A\-iz-c-\mbn F∂v Cu Aiz-ta-[-bmKw sXfn-bn-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw. hr≤-X-bnepw Npdp-Np-dp-°p≈ tbm≤m-hn-s\-t∏mse Atlm-cmXw Xs‚ hnizm-kn-I-fmb a°ƒ°p th≠n s\t´m´w \S-Øp-tºmgpw]m¿∞\m efnX PohnX coXn ad-°mØ AP-ø-\mb tijvT ImtXm-en° _mhm-tbbpw Xm≥ \bn-°p-∂-h-\-√, tkhn-°p-∂-h-\m-sW∂v ]Jym-]n®v k`-tbbpw A\-iz-c-\m-°m≥ Cu At∏m-kvtXm-enI kµ¿i\w DX-Ip-sa-∂-Xn\v kwi-b-an-√.

kz¿§hpw, temI-hpw, h∂-h-cpw, iXp-°fpw anX-ßfpw Bb-hcpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kaq-lhpw BZ-cn®v kvt\ln-°p∂ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw tijvTImtXm-en° _mhmbpw HsØm-cp-an-°p-tºmƒ k¿∆-tem-Ihpw kt¥m-jn°pw F∂Xv\nd™v \n∂v tim`n-°p∂ BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bp-tSbpw Iogn-ep≈ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k -bp-tSbpw mKy-ambn hmt\mfw ]pIgvØn ]m¿∞-\-tbmsS Biw-k-I-f¿∏n-°p-∂p, ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

-

tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv Gen-bmkv saXm-t∏m-enØ

A\p-tam-Z\ ktΩ-f\w

s]cp -ºm -hq¿: ].]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \ma -Øn¬ÿm]n -X -am -bn -c n -°p∂ Ccn-tßmƒsk‚ v KntKm -dn -tbmkv bmt°m-_mb ]≈n hnImcn^m. Gen -bmkvtN´m-fw-Øp-¶-cbv°vtImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏-bmbn Db¿Øn-b-Xns‚ A\p-tam-Z\ktΩ-f\w ]≈n -bn¬ h®v sk]vXw-_¿ amkw 21˛mw XobXn \S-∂p. cmb-aw-Kew Kma-]-©m-bØv ]kn-U‚ v Nn∂Ω h¿Ko-kns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ bq. Un. F^v. I¨ho-\¿ Iam≥U¿ ]n. ]n.X¶-®≥ ktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\w sNøp-Ibpw Biw-k-Iƒ t\¿∂p sIm≠v ]©m-bØv sshkv]kn-U‚ v tPmbn ]qtW-en, ]©m-bØv saº¿ kn. at\m-Pv, k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bwKwC. hn. amXyp, SÃn tPmk^v amXyp, bqØv At m-kn-tb-j≥ skI-´dn Fw. Fw. ]utem-kv, k¨tU-kvIqƒ slUvam-Ã¿ kn. sI. Xmcp, hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ Hm¿K-ss\-k¿ Fw.hn. h¿Ko-kv, h\n-Xm-k-amPw skI-´dn A∂Ω Ipcym-t°mkv XpS-ßn-b-h¿ kwkm-cn-®p.]≈n-bpsS D]-lmcw SÃn Fw. sI. tImc A®\v \¬In. _lp. A®≥ adp-]Sn ]kwKw\S-Øp-Ibpw tbmKØn\v IrX-⁄X ]Im-in-∏n® ]≈n skI- dn ]n. sI. Nmt°m A®s\tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏-bmbn Db¿Øn CS-h-Isb A\p-K-ln® tijvT ImtXm-en° _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mh-tbm-Sp≈ CS-h-I-bpsS Iqdpw \µnbpw ]Im-in-∏n-®p.

XpS¿∂v AI-∏-dºv am¿ imt_m¿ At^mØv bmt°m-_mb ]≈n°v t\sc-bp-≠mb BI-a-W-Øn-\p≈ ]Xn-tj[w hnImcn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. aX-ku-lm¿±-Øn\pw C¥y≥P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw t\tc-bp≈ sh√p-hn-fn-bmWv ]≈n-Iƒ°v t\sc-bp-f-f BI-a-W-sa∂pwtaen¬ Cu Xcw BI-a-W-ßƒ D≠m-bm¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ ssIøpw sIń t\m°n \n¬°n-s√∂pw Gen-bmkv tN´m-fw-Øp-¶c tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

tUmIvS-td‰v Ic-ÿ-am-°n

aZmkv sF. sF. Sn bn¬ \n∂v ^nkn-Ivkn¬ (\mt\m -sS-Ivt\m-fPn) tUmIvS-td‰v e`n® ]pjv] B≥Ip-cy≥ ]pXp-∏≈n Xmg-ØvI-tcm´v IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sS A`n\µ-\-ßƒ.

tIm´bw ]pen-°pńt»cn I√p-¶-Ød sk‚ vtPm¿÷v bmt°m-_mb kndn-b≥ hen-b-]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-amb hmcn-t»cn I√p-¶ØdtP°_vv Ipcy≥ kmdmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIfpw, ]pXp-∏≈n Xmg-Øp-I-tcm´v IpSpw-_mw-Khpw, tIcf Kk-‰Uv Hmô-tkgvkv bqWn-b≥ ap≥ kwÿm\ sshkv ]kn-U‚pamb em¬ . Fw . ]mtd-´v,kqk≥ (k∫v Unhn-jW¬ F≥Pn-\n-b¿ , _n. F v. F≥. F¬,Xncp-h-√) Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ amXyq-kv F¬ ]mtd´v (tÃ‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n Hm^vlhm-bv, bp. F v. F) s‚bpw `mcy-bp-am-Wv ]pjv].

Daad Scholarship t\Sn P¿Ω-\n-bnse Dortmunt University bn¬ 3 amkwKthjW-]-T\w \S-Øm≥ Ah-kcw e`n® ]pjv]bv°v bp. F v. F.-bnse Imen-t^m¿Wn-bm-bn¬ \S∂ “t^mt´m-WnIvkv 2007 “epw ]s¶-SpØv ]_‘w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°phm≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠v.

]nUnKn tIm´bw _n. kn. Fw. tImtf-Pnepw, _n. F v. kn (^n-kn-Ivkv) tIm´bw_tk-en-tbmkv tImtf-Pnepw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb ]pjv] sF. sF. Sn bn¬ \n∂vXs∂-bmWv Fw. F v. kn°v ]ikvX hnPbw t\Sn-b-Xv. k¨tU-kv°pƒ

10˛mw ¢m v ]m mb ]pjv] kt≠-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]n-I-bmbpw I√p-¶-Ød ]≈n-bn¬ tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v.

h[p-hns\ Bh-iy-ap≠v

bmt°m-_mb bphmhv 28/180 B.Com, M. B. A (_n-kn-\- v) A\p-tbm-Py-cmb bph-Xn-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬ \n∂v hnhm-lm-tem-N-\-Iƒ £Wn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. 0484˛2457154, 9447578060

BIam\ kpdnbm\n Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpsS ]cam[y£\pwAt¥ymJymbpsSbpw Ings°ms°bpsSbpw ]. ]mXnb¿°okpambtamdm≥ tam¿ C·mØntbmkv kmJm sFhmkv ]Ya≥ _mh Xncpa\ vXs‚ \memw ss»lnI kµ¿i\Øn\mbn HtŒm_¿ 17˛\ vFgp∂p≈pIbmWv. Gsd XymKw kln®v Xs‚ a°sf ImWphm\mbn\mev XhW ss»loI kµ¿i\w \SØn NcnXw kr„n®ncn°pIbmWv]. ]nXmhv. Ign™ c≠v \q‰m≠n\nSbn¬ G‰hpw A[nIw Imew ].At¥ymJym knwlmk\Øn¬ `mKytamsS hmWcpfnbn´p≈ aq∂p ].

]nXm°∑mcn¬ HcmfmWv ]. kmJm ]Ya≥ _mh. ]. ]nXmhns‚ cWImew kpdnbm\nk`bpsS kph¿ÆImeL´w Xs∂bmWv. A`qX ]q¿∆amb hf¿®bpw hnIk\hpamWvCu Imebfhn¬ kpdnbm\n k` ssIhcn®Xv. FIypan\nkw Dƒs∏sS F√m cwKßfnepwhenb apt∂‰amWv k` \SØnbXv. Ckmtb¬ ˛ Bc_v bp≤ImeØv XI¿∂ t]mb]´Wßƒ ]p\¿ \n¿Ωn°phm≥ cq]oIcn°s∏´ kanXn°v t\XrXzw \¬Inb ]:]nXmhns‚ I¿Ω IpieX k¿∆cmepw ]Io¿Øn°s∏SpIbp≠mbn. temI InkvXy≥Iu¨kn¬ A≤y£ ]Zw Ae¶cn® ]. kmJm ]Ya≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh temI]uc≥Xs∂bmWv.

P\\hpw _meyhpwCdm°nse ]kn≤amb aqk¬ ]´WØn¬ Chmkv F∂ D∂X

IpSpw_ØnemWv ]. ]nXmhns‚ P\\w. Chmkv F∂ ]Zw Znhm≥ ]ZhnsbkqNn∏n°p∂p. sXKokv \ZnbpsS XocØv Pkndbn¬ \n∂pw BWv Cu IpSpw_waqkente°v IpSntbdnbXv. hnizmknIfpsS ]nXmhmb A_mlmans‚ ss]XrIw t]dp∂ÿeamWv aqk¬. ]mcºcy ]`p IpSpw_ambncp∂p Chmkv IpSpw_w. _mhbpsS]nXmal≥ aqk¬ ]hiybnse ]kn≤\mb B¿°nsS°pw cmPIpSpw_Øns‚hnizkvX\pambncp∂p. Cdm°nse ss^k¬ H∂ma≥ cmPmhv Ct±lØn\v s]m∂mSbpwIo¿Øn ]Xhpw \¬In BZcn®n´p≠v. Ct±lØns‚ aI≥ _jo¿ sFhmkns\Hmt´msa≥ kmamPyØns‚ Xeÿm\ambncp∂ CkvXmw_pfn¬ Ab®mWv hnZym`ymkwsNøn∏n®Xv. Db¿∂ am¿t°msS _ncpZw t\Snb At±lw AhnSpsØ anen´dnF≥Po\nbndnwKv tImtfPn¬ s]m^kdmbn \nbanX\mbn. ]n∂oSv tPmen Dt]£n®vb¥h¬IrX ac°º\n XpSßn. Cdm°nse BZysØ b¥h¬IrX Iº\n Bbncp∂pAXv. A·n_m[bm¬ Iº\n \in®pt]mbn. F¶nepw A[nIw IgnbmsX ]p\cp≤cn®p.Gsd XmaknbmsX At±lw \ncymX\mbn. _jo¿ sFhm-kv ˛ lko_v At‰m Zº-Xn-I-fpsS ]pX-\mbn 1933 G]n¬ 21˛\mWv _mhbpsS P\\w. \mep Bä°fpw aq∂ps]ä°fpw Dƒs∏sS Ggp a°fn¬ \mematØXv BWv _mh. _meyImesØ_mhbpsS t]cv "sk≥lco_v' (]. _l\mw klZbpsS ]nXmhns‚ t]cv) F∂mbncp∂p._mhbpsS aqØ ktlmZcs‚ t]cp _l\mw F∂pw Hcp ktlmZcnbpsS t]cp kmdmF∂pambncp∂p. a°fn¬ Hcmsf ssZhthe°mbn hnSWsa∂mWv Xs‚ BKlw F∂v_jo¿ kl]h¿ØItcmSp ]dbpambncp∂p. _mhbv°v 10 hb p≈t∏mƒ ]nXmhpw12 hb p≈t∏mƒ amXmhpw NcaaS™p. XpS¿∂v At±lw _‘p°fpsSkwc£Wbnembncp∂p hf¿∂Xv. aqkense sk‚ v tXmakv kndnb≥ kvIqfnemWv]mYaoI hnZym`ymkw \SØnbXv.

sshZnIhrØnbnte°v]mYaoIhnZym`ymkØn\v tijw skan\mcnbn¬ tN¿∂v sshZnI hnZym`ymkw

\SØWsa∂mWv Ct±lw BKln®Xv. Cu hnhcw Adn™ _‘pP\ßƒ CXnt\mSphntbmPn∏v ]ISn∏n®p. amXm]nXm°∑m¿ \„s∏´ _mes\ t¢iIcamb sshZoIhnZym`ymkØn\v Ab°phm≥ Ah¿°v H´pw kΩXan√mbncp∂p. _‘p°fpsS FXn¿∏vhI hbv°msX 1946˛¬ Xs‚ 13˛masØ hb n¬ aqkense tam¿ At]w XntbmfPn°¬skan\mcnbn¬ Ct±lw tN¿∂p. B kabØmWv kmJm F∂ t]cv kzoIcn®Xv. ]TnØØn¬ Akmam\y Ignhv Bbncp∂p Ct±lØn\v. F√m hnjbßfnepw D∂X dmt¶msSbmWv hnPbn®ncp∂Xv. NcnXw, XXzimkvXw, ssZhimkvXw, k`m\nbaw, kpdnbm\n,Ad_n, Cw•ojv, F∂nhbmbncp∂p ]mTyhnjbßƒ. Ad_n Hgn®v F√m hnjbßfnepw97% am¿t°msSbmWv _ncpZw t\SnbXv. Ad_nbv°v 90% am¿s° e`n®p≈p. CtXIpdn®v Ad_n A≤ym]Is‚ hniZoIcWw ""100 am¿°n\pw A¿lXbp≠v. ]s£ AXv]mT]pkvXIw cNn°p∂h¿°v amXw AhImis∏´XmWv'' F∂mbncp∂p. _ncpZkºmZ\Øn\v tijw am¿ At]w skan\mcnbn¬ Xs∂ A≤ym]I\mbn \nbanX\mbn.1948 \hw_¿ 28\v A`nhµy am¿ AØm\mtkymkv tXmam I n¿ saXmt∏meoØmbn¬

ImemXnh¿ØnbmImemXnh¿ØnbmImemXnh¿ØnbmImemXnh¿ØnbmImemXnh¿Ønbmb bpKb bpKb bpKb bpKb bpK]`mh≥]`mh≥]`mh≥]`mh≥]`mh≥

]: kmJm sFhmkv ]: kmJm sFhmkv ]: kmJm sFhmkv ]: kmJm sFhmkv ]: kmJm sFhmkv ]Ya≥ ]mXnb]Ya≥ ]mXnb]Ya≥ ]mXnb]Ya≥ ]mXnb]Ya≥ ]mXnb¿¿¿¿¿°okv _mh°okv _mh°okv _mh°okv _mh°okv _mh

\n∂pw Ct±lw ""tImdptbm'' ÿm\w G‰p. 1953 s^_phcn 8 \v A`nhµy am¿ KotKmdntbmkv ]utemkv _l\mw saXmt∏meoØmbn¬ \n∂pw ""bu∏Zvb°t\m'' ÿm\hpwkzoIcn®p. 1954 Pq¨ 6\v A`nhµy Xncpta\n Xs∂ Ct±lsØ i¿thmsb dº\m°n(Zbdqt- m) A∂v ]. ]nXmhn\v tIhew 21 hb v amXta D≠mbncp∂p≈p. Cu ZnhkwXs‚ PohnXØnse AXn][m\ Znhkambn´mWv ]. ]nXmhv IW°m°p∂Xv Xs‚PohnXsØ Ipdn®v ]. ]nXmhv ]dbmdp≈Xv ""Fs‚ amXm]nXm°ƒ Fs∂ hn´p]ncns™¶nepw, Fs‚ ssZhw Fs∂ ssIs°m≠p. Fs‚ ssZhw Ft∂msSm∏w Ft∏mgpwDs≠∂mWv Fs‚ hnizmkw'' F∂mWv.

]mXob¿°m skI´dntam¿ At]w skan\mcnbn¬ A[nIImew A≤ym]I\mbn XpScm≥ kmJm

dºm\p Ign™n√. ]. At]w ]Ya≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh dºms\ ]mXnb¿t°‰nsec≠mw skI´dnbmbpw ]n∂oSv H∂mw skI´dnbmbpw \nban®p. ]. At]w ]Ya≥]mXnb¿°okv _mhbpsS Imetijw knwlkm\mcpU\mb ]. bm°q_v XrXob≥]mXnb¿°okv _mh Ct±lsØ Xs‚ t]gvk\¬ skI´dnbmbn \nban®p. 1957˛¬ ].]nXmhn¬ \n∂pw Ct±lw sshZoI]´w kzoIcn®p. CXn\nsS tP¿WenkØn¬Untπmabpw Icÿam°nbncp∂p. kmJm dºms\ ]. bm°q_v XrXob≥ ]mXnb¿°okv_mh \yqtbm¿°nse P\d¬ XntbmfPn°¬ skan\mcnbn¬ D]cn]T\Øn\mbn Ab®p.]uckvXy`mjbnepw ]mÃd¬ XntbmfPnbnepw, XXzimkvXØnepw ]T\w \SØnbAt±lw Cw•ojv kmlnXyØn¬ _ncpZm\¥c_ncpZhpw t\Sn. bdpitean¬ Io¬bqWnthgvkn‰nbn¬ tUmIvtS‰n\v ]Tn°p∂ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°v ¢m pIƒ FSp°phm≥Ct±lw c≠v h¿jw t]mbncp∂p.

saXmt∏meoØm ÿm\tØbv°v]. CKv\mØntbmkv bm°q_v XrXob≥ ]mXob¿°okv _mh 1963 \hw_¿

17˛\v Ct±lsØ aqkense B¿®v_nj∏mbn ""am¿ tkthdntbmkv'' F∂ t]cn¬ hmgn®p.aqk¬ saXmt∏meoØ F∂ \nebn¬ `Zmk\Øns‚ Bflobhpw ùXoIhpambhf¿®°pw hnIk\Øn\pw th≠n bphP\ßsf kwLSn∏n®v Ct±lw Ht´sd ]h¿Ø\-ßƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬In. 1967˛¬ Ct±lØn\v bqtdm∏v `Zmk\Øns‚ A[nI NpaXeIqSn \¬In. 1969˛¬ _mKvZmZv ˛ _km Dƒs∏´ `Zmk\Ønte°v am‰n. AhnsSbpwbphP\ßfpsS Bflob hf¿®°pw `Zmk\Øns‚ hnIk\Øn\pambn saXmt∏meoØmsb∂ \nebn¬ Ht´sd ]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v ]. ]nXmhv t\XrXzw \¬In. AXn]pcmX\amb tam¿ aØmbn Zbmdm[n]≥ A`nhµy. tam¿ XntamØntbmkv bm°q_vsaXmt∏meoØ Imew sNbvXt∏mƒ ZbdmbpsS NpaXebpw IqSn Ct±lØn\v \¬In.a≤ybqtdm∏v, kv°m≥ Unt\hnbm `Zmk\ßfpsS NpaXebpw Ct±lØn\v \¬In.]pXnbXmbn cq]oIcn°s∏´ BkvtXenb≥ `Zmk\Øns‚ NpaXebpw am¿tkthdntbmkv saXmt∏meoØm°mWv \¬InbXv. AhnsSsØ saXmt∏meoØm F∂\nebn¬ sa¬t_m , knUv\n XpSßn ]e ÿeßfnepw, Ht´sd ]≈nIƒ ÿm]n°pIbpw]pXnb CShIIƒ cq]oIcn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

tXmam»olmbpsS Xncptijn∏v Is≠Sp°¬tXmam«olmbpsS Xncptijn∏v Is≠SpØXv ]. ]nXmhns‚ ]utcmlnXy PohnX

Ønse A\¿Lkw`hw Xs∂bmWv 1969 sk]vXw_¿ H∂n\mWv tXmam«olmbpsSXncptijn∏v ]. ]nXmhv Is≠SpØXv. aqkense AXn]pcmX\amb sk‚ v tXmakv ]≈n]pXp°n ]WnXt∏mƒ aZv_lmbpsS `nØn°p≈n¬ \n∂pamWv Xncptijn∏v Is≠SpØXv. Cu Xncptijn∏ns‚ Hcwiw ]. ]nXmhv ae¶c k`bv°v \¬IpIbp≠mbn. AXmWvtIm´bw tZhtemIw Aca\Nm∏en¬ ÿm]n®ncn°p∂Xv. tXmam«olmbpsS Xncptijn∏vIs≠SpØXn\v Ipdn®v ]. ]nXmhv 1982˛¬ Xs‚ ss«loIkµ¿i\ thfbn¬]kvXmhn®Xv. ""tam¿ tXmam«olmsb Ipdn®v Nn¥n°ptºmƒ Fs‚ lrZbw ]tXyIambn Xkn°p∂p; ImcWw \mw tam¿ tXmam «olmbpambn AXamXw _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p.tam¿ tXmam «olm c‡km£nXzw hln®Xv C≥Uybn¬ h®pw, I_dS°s∏´Xv C≥Uy-bnse ssaem∏q¿ BsW¶nepw \mw saXmt∏meoØ Bbncp∂ ]≈nbn¬ Bbncp∂pIgn™ At\I h¿jßfmbn tam¿ tXmam«olmbpsS Xncptijn∏v kq£n°s∏ńcp∂Xv.Hcp Znhkw A]Xo£nXambn ssZhIr]bm¬, tam¿ tXma«olmbpsS Xncptijn∏vHcn°¬ IqSn a\pjy kaqlØn\v ImWn®psImSp°phm≥ \ap°v CSbmbn. tam¿ tXmam«olm bpsS Xncptijn∏v FhnsSbmWv kq£n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv F∂v C∂sØ Xeapd°vAdnbn√mbncp∂p. \ΩpsS AXn`Zmk\ tZhmebamb Cdm°nse aqkense sk‚ v


sjh: ]n.sI. ]utemkv Iqc≥

tijvT ImtXm-en° _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS ][m\Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬ ]mXn-b¿°okmbn Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp∂p

]. ]nXmhv sshZo-I\pw dºm\pw Bbn-cp-∂t∏mƒ


tXmakv IØoUens‚ aZv_lmbpsS `nØnbn¬ kq£n®ncp∂ Xncptijn∏vssZhXncphn„Øm¬ 1964˛¬ Is≠Sp°phm≥ \ap°v Ign™ncn°p∂p'' F∂mWv.1982˛se Xs‚ H∂masØ At∏mkvXeoI kµ¿i\w \yqU¬lnbn¬ \n∂pwBcw`n°phm≥ BWv IaoIc Wßƒ sNbvXncp∂Xv F¶nepw, C¥ybpsS kphntijI≥tam¿ tXmam«olmbpsS c‡°d ]pc≠ ssaem∏qcn\SØv aZmkn¬ \n∂pXs∂ Xs‚kµ¿i\w Bcw`n°phm≥ CSbmbXv ssZhlnXamWv F∂pw ]. ]nXmhvIev]n°pIbp≠mbn. ]tXmkv, ]utemkv «olmamcpsS t]cnt\msSm∏w tXmam «olmbpsSt]cpw hn. Ip¿∫m\bn¬ tN¿Øp sIm≈phm≥ (1987 Unkw_¿ 21 apX¬) A\phZn®Xv]. ]nXmhn\v tXmam«oltbmSp≈ khntij _‘sØ kqNn∏n°p∂p.

]mXnb¿°m ÿm\tØ°vssZhØm¬ \ne\ndpØn t]mcp∂Xpw, ip≤nam\pw, _lpam\y\pw

`mKyhm\pamb ]mXob¿°m ÿm\tØ°v ]. ]nXmhv sFIyIWvtT\bmWvsXcs™Sp°s∏´Xv. ]: bm°q_v XrXob≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh Imew sNbvXXns\XpS¿∂v 1980 Pqsse 11˛\v tijvT ]uckvXy ItXmen°m tam¿ _tkentbmkv ]utemkvZzoXnb≥ _mhbpsS A≤y£Xbn¬ IqSnb ]. kp∂ltZmkmWv ]. ]nXmhns\]mXob¿°m ÿm\tØbv°v sXcs™SpØXv. 1980 sk]vXw_¿ 14 …o_m s]cp∂mƒZnhkw tijvT ItXmen°m _mhbpsS apJyIm¿ΩnIXzØnembncp∂pÿm\mtcmlWipiqj \SØnbXv. Atacn°≥ ]knU‚ v PnΩn Im¿´¿, tPm¨ t]mƒam¿]m∏m XpSßn ]e cmjvSØ eh∑mcpw, k`m tae-≤y-£-∑mcpw ]. ]nXmhn\vBiwkIƒ t\cpIbp≠mbn. ]. ]nXmhns‚ `cWØn¬ kpdnbm\n k` hºn®t\´ßfmWv ssIhcn®Xv k`bv°v Hcp taP¿ skan\mcnbpw sk‚dpw D≠mbncn°pIF∂Xv ]: ]nXmhns‚ G‰hpw henb BKlw Bbncp∂p. Xs‚ ]mXob¿°mÿm\tcmlWthfbn¬ ]. ]nXmhv Cu hnhcw kqNn∏n°pIbp≠mbn. ]gb Zakvt°mkv]´WØn¬ \n∂pw A[nIw AIse A√msX skbvZn\mbn¬ sk‚ v At]wXntbmfPn°¬ skan\mcn, sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv & sk‚ v t]mƒkv IØoU¬, sk‚ v At]wHmUnt‰dnbw, sk‚ v tP°_v _¿Umkv tIm¨sh‚ v, sk‚ v At]w tamWmkvSn Nm∏¬,bphP\t£aImcy sk‚¿, F∂nhtbmSp IqSn AXnat\m lchpw Hcp _rlØpambHcp aµnckap®bw ]: ]nXmhv ]SpØpb¿ØpIbp≠mbn. CXn\p ]pdsa dn´b¿ sNøp∂sshZoI¿°mbn “Beth Hoobo” (kvt\l`h\w) F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ÿm]\hpw ]: ]nXmhvXpSßn. CXns\√mw D]cnbmbn, kb≥kv, B¿ v, ssZhimkvXw F∂n hnjbßfn¬ HcpkzmibbqWnthgvkn‰n ÿm]n°pIsb∂Xpw ]. ]nXmhns‚ henb BKlamWv.]mXob¿°nkv F∂ \nebn¬ temIØns‚ \m\m`mKØv ]tXyIn®v a[y]q¿∆tZiw,hSt° Atacn°, sXt° Atacn°, tlmf≠v, P¿Ω\n, BkvtXenb, Im\Um, XpSßnbcmPyßfn¬ ]pXnb `Zmk\ßƒ cq]oIcn°pIbpw Bhiyamb saXmt∏meoØmamschmgn°pIbpw sNbvXp. ]. ]nXmhns‚ ]h¿Ø\w sIm≠v kpdnbm\n k`bv°vtemIssIkvXh kÌfpsS CSbn¬ AwKoImchpw D∂Xamb ÿm\hpw e`n®p.FIypan\n°¬ cwKØv kpdnbm\n k` henb apt∂‰w Xs∂bmWv \SØnbXv.temIsaºmSpap≈ cmjvSØeh∑mcm¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂ k`m tae≤y£cn¬ Hcmfmbn ]:kmJm ]Ya≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh Db¿∂p.

ss«loI kµ¿i\ßƒ]. bm°q_v XrXob≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mhtbmsSm∏hpw, X\n®pw temIØns‚

hnhn[ `mKßfn¬ kmJm dºm≥ k©cn®n´p≠v. c≠mw hØn°m≥ kp∂ltZmkn¬\nco£I\mbn Ct±lw tdman¬ t]mbn´p≠v. 1964˛¬ bm°q_v XrXob≥ ]mXob¿°nkv_mhtbmsSm∏w C≥Uybn¬ hcnIbpw tIm´bØv ]. ]mXob¿°nkv _mhbpsS A≤y£Xbn¬ IqSnb BIam\ kp∂ltZmkn¬ ]s¶Sp°pIbpw HutK≥ ImtXmen°m _mhsbhmgn®Xn¬ klIm¿ΩoI≥ Bbncn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. ]. ]mXob¿°okv _mhF∂ \nebn¬ 1982, 2000, 2004 F∂o h¿jßfn¬ C≥Uybn¬ ss«lnIkµ¿i\w\SØpIbpw Hcp XhW saXm-`n-tj-Ihpw, c≠v ]mhiyw hnip≤ aqtdm≥ IpZmibpw\SØo´p≠v. tamkvt°mbn¬ h®v \SØnb djy≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpsSBbncmasØ hm¿jnImtLmj]cn]mSnIfn¬ ]. ]nXmhv ]s¶Sp°pIbp≠mbn. 1984˛¬tijvT ]uckvXy ImtXmen° tam¿ _tkentbmkv ]utemkv ZznXnb≥ _mhtbmsSm∂n®v hØn°m≥ kµ¿in®n´p≠v. XpS¿∂v hnb∂bn¬ FØnb ]. ]nXmhvBkvtXenb≥ ]knU‚ v ˛ ][m\a¥n F∂nhtcbpw hnhn[ ssIkvXh tIµßfpwkµ¿in °pIbp≠mbn. _ko¬ _¬Pnbw, s\X¿em‚ v XpSßnb cmPyßfnepw ].]nXmhv kµ¿i\w \SØnbn´p≠v. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ am¿]m∏m, AeIvkm≠nb]mXnb¿ °okv sj\qU aq∂ma≥, A¿ao\nbbnse InenIym ImtXmen° XpSßn hnhn[k`m tae[y£∑m¿ ]. ]nXmhns‚ Aca\bn¬ kµ¿i\w \SØnbn´p≠v. ]. _mhkµ¿in®nSsØ√mw cmPIob hcth¬∏pw kzoIcWhpw A\ptamZ\ßfpamWve`n®n´p≈Xv.

KŸImc≥Ignhp‰ Hcp KŸImc≥ IqSnbmWv ]. ]nXmhv. IrXym¥c _mlpeyØn\nSbnepw

]pkvXIcN\bv°v _mh kabw Is ≠Ømdp≠v. CuSp‰ H´\h[n KŸßƒ Ct±lwcNn®n´p≠v. CXn\pw ]pdsa InkvXy≥ hnZym¿∞nIƒ°mbn Ht´sd sSIvÃp_p-°pIfpw

]. ]nXmhv cNn®n´p≠v. _mhbpsS Hcp ]pkvXIw Cdm°v Kh¨sa‚ v Xs∂bmWv ]kn≤oIcn®Xv. ]: ]nXmhv cNn® ][m\KŸßƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv. Cu (1) Doc-trine of Incarnation and Salvation, (2) The Seven Sacraments, (3) Yacob III Life andApostolic Visit to Middle East and Latin America, (4) Apostolic Visit of Yacob III toNorth America (5) The Dove by Bar Ebroya (Transalation from Syria to Arabic) (6) MorAprem The Syrian. (Cu ]pkvXIamWv Cdm°v Kh¨sa‚ v ]kn≤oIcn®Xv) (7) MorJacob of Edessa (633 - 708 AD) (8) Mor Dionysius Talmabar (Ninth Centrury) (9) Storyof Seven Sleepers - a Perspective from Syriac Sources,(Co - authored MetropolithanHaksaka) (10) Syrian Orthadox Church Through the Ages (11) Syraic Literature in theSixth Century (12) Bar Hibarius.

CXn\pw ]pdsa Syrian Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Movements, Po-sition and Role Women in The Church, Religious Virtues and Family Welfare F∂ohnjbßfn¬ ]_‘ßƒ ]kn≤oIcn®n´p≠v. 1972˛¬ hnb∂mbn¬ ]n˛Hmdnbs‚ktΩf\Øn¬ ‘The Church and Ecuminical Synod’ F∂ hnjbØnepw 1973˛sektΩf\Øn¬ What makes a council degitimate and accablable F∂ hnjbØnepw]`mjWßƒ \SØnbn´p≠v. IqSmsX 1976˛¬ hnb\mb t]m˛Hmdnbs‚ ktΩf\Øn¬The Need for singer, of Communion between local churches F∂ hnjbwBkv]Zam°nbpw ]_‘w AhXcn∏n®n´p≠v. CXn\pw ]pdsa kpdnbm\n, Ad_n,Cw•ojv F∂o mjIfn¬ hnhn[ hnjbßsf Ipdn®v Ht´sd teJ\ßfpw FgpXnbn´p≠v.]. ]nXmhns‚ sXcs™SpØ ]uUKwòcßfmb ]Øp ]_‘ßƒ,hn⁄m\kmKcßfmb Ht´sd ]`mjWßƒ, ]t_m[\ßƒ, \nch[n teJ\ßƒ,ItØmen°m k` Dƒs∏sS hnhn[ ssIkvXh k`m hn`mKßfpambn ImemImeßfn¬H∏v h®n´p≈ kwbp‡]Jym]\ßƒ, ss«loI kµ¿i\ßfpsS Ht´sd t^mt´mIƒ,2004˛se NcnX]kn≤amb c≠mw apf¥pcpØn kp∂ltZm n¬ ]. ]nXmhv \SØnbA≤y£]kwKw, apfw¥pcpØn kp∂ltZmkv ]Jym]\w, XpSßn hne]nSn∏p≈ Ht´sdNcnXtcJIƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ Hcp d^d≥kv KŸw “FESTSCHRIFT” F∂ t]cn¬Nn°mtKmbnse ae¶c kpdnbm\n Hm¿ØtUmIvkv ]≈n ]kn≤oIcn®n´p≠v.

ÿm\am\ßfpw AwKoImcßfpwalm Xm]ks‚ _lpaXn apZbmb “The Cross of the Grand Monk” F∂

D∂X _lpaXn ] bm°q_v XrXob≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh \¬In BZcn°ptºmƒkmJ dºms‚ ]mbw tIhew 24 hb p amXw. BZyambn Inńb _lpaXnbmWnXv.ap∏Øn\memasØ hb n¬ ]n˛Hmdnbs‚ s^t√mjn∏n\v A¿l\mbn. kzoU\nseC≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v Hmdnb‚ v ÃUokv ]. ]nXmhns‚ AKm[ kpdnbm\n ]mfinXysØBZcn®v tUmIvtS‰v \¬IpIbp≠mbn. _mKvZmZnse kpdnbm\n ]T\hn`mKw ta[mhnbpwhnZym`ymk A°mUan AwKambpw ]. ]nXmhns\ \nban°pIbp≠mbn. 1975˛¬ss\tdm_nbn¬ h®v thƒUv InkvXy≥ Iu¨kn¬ sk≥S¬ IΩ‰n AwKambnsXcs™Sp°s∏´p. 1988˛¬ knw_mhbn¬ h®v IqSnb W.C.C. tbmKw ]. ]nXmhns\W.C.C. ]knU‚mbn sXcs™SpØp. 1976, 77, 78, 79 h¿jßfn¬ tdma≥ ImtØmen°mk`bn¬ "Hmdnb‚¬ Imt\m≥' \nbaw ]cnjv°cn°p∂Xn\v cq]oIcn® IΩojs‚D]tZiI\mbncp∂p. Cdm°v Kh¨sa‚ v AhnsSsØ Iƒ®d¬ A°mUan AwKambpwA°mUan Hm v kndnb≥ emwtKPv B‚ v Iƒ®d¬ ]knU‚mbpw \nban®v BZcn®n´p≠v.t]m˛Hmdnbs‚¬ F∂ ssIkvXh kwLS\ 1984 ]. ]nXmhn\v “Protector of Prooriente”F∂ _lpaXn \¬In BZcn®p. ]uckvXytZisØ kÌfpsS Iq´mbva bmb ""Zn aoUn¬CuÃv Iu¨kn¬ Hm v N¿®kns‚ ]knU‚ v ]Zhn Ae¶cn°p∂Xv ]. ]mXob¿°okv_mhbmWv.

FIypan\n-°¬ kwcw`ßƒ]. kmJm ]Ya≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh FIypao\nkØns‚ i‡\mb

h‡mhmWv. ]. ]nXmhv ]mXnb¿°okv Bbn ÿm\ta‰Xn\v tijw FIypan\n°¬cwKØv k` henb apt∂‰amWv \SØnbn´p≈Xv. FIypan\n°¬ ktΩf\ßfn¬k`bv°v icnbmb ]mXn\n[yhpw AwKoImchpw e`n°p∂Xn\v ]. ]nXmhv ]tXyIw\njvI¿jX ]pe¿Ønbncp∂p. k`mXeh≥ ssZhimkvXØn¬ \n]pW\pw,ka¿∏WZm¿inI\pw, BIptºmƒ kzm`mhnIambpw AXns‚ t\´ßƒ k`bv°vD≠mIpat√m. ItØmen°m k`bpambn ]Xn\©v \q‰m≠pIfpw ]uckvXy CutÃ¨kÌfpambn AhbpsS Bcw`w apXepw \ne\n∂ncp∂ n∂XIƒ ]cnlcn-°m-\m-bXvv ].]nXmhns‚ FIypan\n°¬ ImgvN∏mSmWv ]ISam°p∂Xv.

_mKvZmZv saXmt∏meoØ Bbncp∂ ]nXmhns\ ]. bm°q_v XrXob≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh ]e FIypan\n°¬ ktΩf\ßfnepw ]Xn\n[nbmbn Abv°pIbpw Nnet∏mƒ Xt∂msSm∏w sIm≠p t]mIpIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. kp]kn≤amb c≠mw hØn°m≥Iu¨knen¬ AwKoIrX \ocn£I\mbn Ct±lw t]mbn´p≠v. 1965˛¬ AUokv A_m_bn¬ \S∂ ]m≥ ˛ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv ktΩf\Øn¬ ]s¶Sp°pIbp≠mbn. Hmdnb‚ vHm¿ØtUmIvkv kÌfpw ]uckvXy Hm¿ØtUmIvkv kÌfpw XΩn¬ 1964˛epw ]n∂oSpw\S∂ A\u]NmcnI N¿®Ifn¬ ]s¶SpØ 15 ssZhimkvX⁄∑mcn¬ Hcmƒ am¿ kmJmtkthdntbmkv Xncpta\n Bbncp∂p. 1968˛se P\oh ktΩf\Øn¬ Xncpta\n

tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏, t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m-∏, t]m∏v sj\qU, kndn-b≥ ]kn-U‚ v BkmZv F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w

hnhn[ ssIkvXh aX-ta-e-≤y-£-∑m-cmb Ko°, v A¿ta-\n-b≥, tIm]v‰nIv , B•n-°≥ ]nXm-°-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w


]s¶Sp°pIbp≠mbn. 1968˛se emwºØp ktΩf\Øn¬ \nco£I\mbn ] ]nXmhv]s¶SpØn´p≠v. 1972, 1973, 1976 F∂o h¿jßfn¬ t]m˛Hmdnb‚ v ktΩf\Øn¬ ].]nXmhv ]s¶Sp°pIbpw ]_‘ßƒ AhXcn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. hnb∂mbnsesk‚ v Ão^≥kv IØoUnen¬ AhnSpsØ I¿±n\mfns‚bpw saXmt∏meoØamcpsSbpwa‰p D∂Xÿm\nIfpsSbpw km∂n≤yØn¬ \S∂ tbmKØn¬ ]kwKn°p∂Xn\vBZyambn Ahkcw e`n® Hcp kpdnbm\n Hm¿ØtUmIvkv saXmt∏meoØm Ct±lamWv.

]. C·mØntbmkv kmJm ]Ya≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mhbpsSbpw am¿]m∏mbpsSbpw AwKoImctØmsS ae¶c bmt°m_mb k`bpw tdma≥ ImtØmen°m k`bpwXΩnep≈ N¿®Iƒ°v cq]oIcn® tPmbn‚ v IΩojs‚ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ \S∂phcp∂p.a[y]ucykvXytZiØp≈ kÌƒ°v Hcpan®v IqSp∂Xn\pw ssZh imkvX, Z¿i\ßƒ]¶phbv°p∂Xn\pw \√ _‘w \ne\ndpØp∂Xn\pambn cq]oIcn® ""Zn anUn¬ CuÃvIu¨kn¬ Hm^v N¿®n\v'' ]. ]mXnb¿°okv _mh hnes∏´ kw`mh\IfmWv \¬Inbn´p≈Xv. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠ma≥ am¿]m∏bpw ]. ]nXmhpambn 1984˛¬ D≠m°nb DSºSn]Imcw kz¥w ]≈nIƒ C√mØ ÿeßfn¬ Ccp kÌfnsebpw AwKßƒ°vASnb¥ncIpZmiIfmb hn. Ip¿_m\, hn. Ipºkmcw, hn. ssXem`ntjIw F∂nh]ckv]cw kzoIcn°msa∂p≈ ]Jym]\h-pw, bmt°m_mb ItØmen°m k`mwKßƒXΩn¬ k`m ]mcºcyßƒ kwc£n®psIm≠v, k`bpsS A\paXntbmsS hnhmlßƒ\SØmsa∂p≈ 1994˛se ]Jym]\hpw ]. ]nXmhns‚ FIypan\n°¬ Z¿i\amWv]ISam°p∂Xv. Ko°v Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpw kndnb≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpambn_‘w hf¿Øp∂Xn\v ]. ]nXmhv hln® ]¶v \nkoaamWv. ss_ks‚b¬ k`bnseAt¥ymJy≥ hn`mKhpw, kndnb≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bpw XΩn¬ Dujvaf _‘wÿm]n°p∂Xn\v kndnbm, e_t\m≥ F∂nhnSßfn¬ km[n®n´p≠v. \nch[nD`bI£n[mcWIƒ H∏v hbv°p∂Xn\v CXp klmbn®n´p≠v. Koknse ssZh imkvXhnZym`ymk ÿm]\ßfn¬ kpdnbm\n k`bnse \nch[n dºm∑m¿°pw k\ymkn\nIƒ°pw ]Tn°phm≥ Ignbp∂p≠v. 16˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ Im¬hns‚bpw knw•nbpsSbpwt\XrXzØn¬ ItØmen°m k`bn¬ \n∂pw th¿s∏´p t]mbhcmWv \hoIcWkÌƒ(Reformed Churches). BtKmf XeØn¬ ]ckv]c_‘ap≈ Cu \hoIcW k`bpw,Hmdnbs‚¬ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv kÌfpambn N¿®Ifn¬ G¿s∏SpIbpw, hnizmk kw_‘amb Imcyßfn¬ D≈ kam\XIfpw, hyXykvXIfpw Is≠Øp∂Xn\p≈ iaßƒ \S∂psIm≠ncn°pIbmWv. \hoIcW kÌfpambn´p≈ Cu N¿®Iƒ°v ]. ]mXnb¿°okv_mhbpsS AwKoImchpw, am¿§ \n¿t±ißfpap≠v. Uamk°knse skbvZn\mbnse ].]nXmhns‚ Aca\ \nch[n FIypan\n°¬ ktΩf\ßƒ°v thZnbmIp∂p≠v. CuImcyßƒ F√mw ]. ]mXnb¿°okv _mhbv°v FIypan\n°¬ cwKßfn¬ D≈ ho£Whpw Z¿i\hpamWv ImWn°p∂Xv. BtKmfh-¬IrXamb B[p\nI kmlNcyßfn¬Dujvafhpw kmtlmZcyhpamb _‘ßƒ kÌƒ XΩn¬ D≠mtI≠Xv ImeL´Øns‚BhiyamWv. AXn\mbn ]. ]nXmhv ]h¿Øn®p sIm≠ncn°p∂p.

ae¶c k`m kam[m\wae¶c k`bn¬ tbmPn∏pw kam[m\hpw D≠mIWsa∂mWv ]. ]nXmhns‚ F∂-

tØbpw BKlw. 1980 sk]vXw_¿ 14˛¬ Xs‚ ]mXnb¿°m ÿm\m tcmlWthfbn¬Iev]n®Xv ""ae¶cbnse kam[m\w \ΩpsS ]mXnb¿°m \mfpIfn¬ ap≥KW\m\¬Is∏Sp∂ Hcp hnjbambncn°pw'' F∂mWv. 1982˛se Xs‚ ]Ya ss«loIkµ¿i\thfbn¬ \S∂ kzoIcWtbmKØn¬ ""Fs‚ BbpjvImeØp Xs∂ Cu n∂XAhkm\n®p ImWWsa∂mWv Fs‚ BKlw. Rßfn¬ \n∂pw \n¿`mKyhim¬

AI∂p t]mb k`m a°sf ]q¿ÆlrZbtØmsS kzmKXw sNøm\mWv Xm≥FØnbncn°p∂Xv. k`bpsS hmXnepIƒ ae¿s° Xpd∂nńcn°p∂p. Rm≥CSb\mIp∂p, Ahkm\sØ BSpw Xncns®Øp∂Xphsc F\n°v hniaan√, Xs‚ap≥Kman ].Genbmkv XrXob≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mhsbt∏mse Xs∂ kam[m\wtXSnbmWv Xm\pw h∂ncn °p∂Xv'' F∂mWv ]kvXmhn®Xv. _lp kp]owtImSXn hn[nsbXpS¿∂v 1995 BKÃv H∂n\v C/175/95˛mw \ºdmbn ]. ]nXmhv Ab® s]mXpIev]\bn¬""InkvXobkm£yw hnêam°p∂ hn`P\w Ahkm\n∏n®v k`m tbmPn∏n\pw,kam[m\Øn\pw ]h¿Øn°p hm≥'' Bhiys∏ńcp∂p.kam[m\N¿®Iƒ°mbnae¶cbn¬ cq]Icn°s∏´ A\pc⁄\kanXnIfpsS ]h¿Ø\w ]cmPbs∏´t∏mƒN¿®Iƒ°mbn ]. ]nXmhv t\cn´p IΩ‰nsb \ntbmKn°pIbp≠mbn. Cu IΩ‰nbpambnN¿®Iƒ \SØpIbns√∂pw BIam\ kpdnbm\n k`sb∂pw, AXns‚ Xeh≥]mXnb¿°okv _mhsb∂v ]dbp∂Xv icnbpw kXyhpa√msb∂pw, Bbncp∂pkam[m\N¿®Iƒ Bcw`n°p∂Xns\ kw_-‘n®v Adnbn®t∏mƒ ]. amXyqkv ZzoXnb≥ImtXmen°m _mh \¬Inb adp]Sn. Cu hnhcw Adn™n´pw, AXv IW°m°msX,kp]owtImSXn hn[nbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ k`m tbmPn∏n\v XømdmIWsa∂vBhiys∏´psIm≠v ]. kmJm ]Ya≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mh ]. amXyqkv ZzoXnb≥ImtXmen°m _mhbv°v c≠v IØpIƒ Ab°pIbp≠mbn. kp]owtImSXn hn[nb√,1934˛se `cWLS\bmWv k`m tbmPn∏n\v ASnÿm\amt°≠Xv F∂mbncp∂p BZyIØn\v ]. amXyqkv ZzoXnb≥ ImtXmen° _mh \¬Inb adp]Sn. c≠masØ IØn\vHcp adp]Sn Abv°phm\p≈ kua\kyw t]mepw ]. amXyqkv ZzoXnb≥ ItXmen°m _mhImWn®n√. Cu kmlNcyØn¬ ]. ]nXmhv k`m kam[\Øn\v CXc ssIkvXh k`mtae≤y£∑mcpsS klmbw A`y¿∞n°pIbp≠mbn. ] ]nXmhns‚ A`y¿∞\ ]ImcwAeIvkm≠nb ]mXnb¿°okv sj\qU aq∂ma≥, A¿ta\nb≥ ]mXnb¿°okv BdwH∂ma≥ F∂nh¿ k`m kam[\Øn\v XømdmIWsa∂v ]cnip≤ amXyqkv ZzoXnb≥ImtXmen°m _mhtbmSp Bhiys∏SpIbp≠mbn. CsX√mw ImWn°p∂Xp. ae¶ck`bn¬ tbmPn∏pw kam[m\hpw D≠mIWsa∂p≈ ]. ]mXnb¿°okv _mhbpsSBKlamWv tam¿ _tkentbmkv ]utemkv ZzoXnb≥ ImtXmen°m _mh 1996sk]vXw_¿ H∂n\v Imew sNbvXn´pw ]pXnb ImtXmen°m _mhsb hmgn°msX ]. ]nXmhv6 h¿jw ImØncp ∂Xv k`m tbmPn∏ns\bpw kam[m\sØbpw ]Xn Bbncp∂p.adp`mKØns‚ \ne]mSv \ntj[m∑Ihpw k`m tbmPn∏n\pw kam[m\Øn\pwklmbIca√sb∂v ]q¿Æambn t_m≤yw h∂t∏mƒ BWv ]: ]nXmhv tam¿_tkentbmkv tXmakv ]Ya≥ ImtXmen°msb 2002 Pqsse 26 \v hmgn®Xv. tbmPn°m≥]‰mØXn\m¬, kam[m\sØ ]XnbmWv c≠v kÌfmbn ]ncn™v InkvXob km£yw\n¿hln°msa∂v ]. ]nXmhv c≠mw apfw¥pcpØn kp∂ltZmkn¬ ]Jym]n®Xv.

D]kwlmcwBIam\ kpdnbm\n k`bpsS i–hpw i‡nbpw HmP pw A`nam\hpw

Ae¶mchpw F√mw Xs∂ ]. C·mØntbmkv kmJm sFhmkv ]Ya≥ ]mXob¿-°nkv_mhbmWv ]. ]nXmhns‚ A\pKlIchpw ka¿∞hpamb t\XrXzw C\nbpw Gsd Imewkpdnbm\n k`bv°v BhiyamWv. \oXn kqcy\mIp∂ InkvXphns‚ XncphN\ ]mXbn¬Pohn®v At\I¿°v Bflobshfn®taInsIm≠v [\yamb PohnXw ]n≥XpScp∂ ]cnip≤]nXmhn\v C\nbpw ssZhtim`sb ]Xnên∏n°p∂ At\I]Imih¿jßƒ ]n∂nSm≥Bbp pw BtcmKyhpw \¬Is´sb∂v \ap°v ]m¿∞n°mw.

4- mw ss«ln-I-k-µ¿i-\-Øn\v `mc-X-Øn-se-Øp∂ BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS Xe-h≥

]cn-ip≤ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-ta-\n°v kzmK-X-hpw,

]utcm-ln-Xy- kp-h¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p∂ tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-ta-\n°v

kzn‰vk¿e‚ v sk‚ v tacokv kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n-bp-tS-bpw, sk‚ v tacokv kt≠-kvIq-fn-t‚-bpw,

bqØv At m-kn-tb-j-t‚-bpw, a¿Ø-a-dnbw h\n-Xm-k-am-P-Øn-t‚bpw

]m¿∞-\m-\n¿ -c-amb Biw-k-Ifpw Xr∏m-Z-ßfn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

Biw-k-Iƒ

][m\ a¥n a≥tam-l≥knw-Mv, ap≥ cmjvS-]Xn F. ]n. sP. A_vZpƒ Iemw, tkmWnb Km‘n, ]Xn-]£ t\Xmhv F¬ sI A≤zm\n F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w

BapJw

ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdnbm\n k`-bpsS hf¿®-bpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬G‰hpw kzm[o-\n-®n-´p≈ CSb tijvT\mIp∂p B_q≥ tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhm. Xm≥ k`m ipiqj Gs‰-SpØ \mƒapX¬ X\-Xmb ]h¿Ø\ ssien-bpsS k`m Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hcp ]pXnbA≤ymbw Xpd-∂p. t\XrXz]mS-hw, I¿Ω-Ip-i-e-X, ]m¿∞\m \n¿`-c-amb Pohn-Xw, i‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ, [oc-amb Im¬sh-bv]p-Iƒ, AN-

©-e-amb at\m-ss[-cyw XpS-ßnb tijvT _mhm-bpsS KpW-ßƒ ka-Im-eo\ k`sbkzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw Hcp ]pXnb Znim-t_m[w Xs∂ k`bv°p \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Culrkz-amb teJ-\-Øn-eqsS ae-¶c k`-bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ tijvT ImtXm-en° _mh-bpsSNne aueo-I-amb hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ FSpØpImWn-°p-∂p.

]mXn-b¿t°‰pw ImtXm-en-t°‰pw XΩn-ep≈ sFIyw i‡n-s∏-SpØn

tijvT _mh-bpsS CS-bXz ipiq-j-bpsS _lp qcn-]£ ka-bhpw At¥ymJyae-¶c_‘w IÆnse IrjvWaWn t]mse ]cn-N-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bmWv Nne-h-gn-®-Xv.]. ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-amb At¥ymJym knwlm-k-¥-Xns‚ am\y-Xbpw tijvT-Xbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v G‰hpw i‡-ambn ]h¿Øn-®p. kzb-io¿j-IXzw ImtXm-en°]mXn-b¿° ka-∑m¿ F∂ AIm-t\m-\n-I-amb hmZ-ßƒ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`bv°v ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\hpam-bp≈ Ncn-X-]-chpw, Imt\m-\n-Ihpw, thZ-im-kvX-]-chpw Bcm-[-\-]-c-hp-amb _‘sØ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Xs‚ ]kw-K-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw D]-tZ-i-ß-f-in-eqsSbpw tijvT _mhmbv°v km[n-®p. ]mXn-b¿t°-d-A-dpw, ImtXm-en-t°‰pw XΩn-ep≈ sFIyw Duń Dd-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[n-®-XmWv tijvT _mhm-bpsS G‰hpw henb kw`m-h\ F∂Xv

A≤ym-floI \thm-∞m\w

]. k`-bn¬ B≤ym-floI \thm-∞m-\-Øn\pw kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ hf¿®-bv°p-ambn tijvT _mh-bpsS Ime-L´w hf-sc ]tbm-P-\-s∏-´p. kphn-ti-j-Øn-eqsS hf¿∂ph∂ k`-bpsS alm-]-[m\ BNm-c-Øn-te°v Db¿Ø-s∏´ tijvT ]nXmhv kphn-ti-j-amWv k`-bpsS G‰hpw henb Ne-\m-fl-IX F∂v hni-A-h-kn®p h∂p. Bcm-[-\m-kp-hn-ti-jw, kmaq-ln-I-tk-h\w Ch-sb√mw Hcp IÆn-bn¬ tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂p F∂p≈ B≤ym-flnI Z¿i\w tijvT _mh-bpsS G‰hpw henb ]tXy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu taJ-e-bn¬tijvT _mhm-bpsS Gdv^hpw henb kw`m-h\ F∂Xv ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in-ep≈ AJn-e-ae¶c kphn-tij-tbmKam-Wv. F√m h¿jhpw Unkw-_¿ amkw \S-°p∂ Cu kphn-tij kwKaw k`-bpsS samØap≈ IqSn-hchn¬ B≤ym-floI hf¿®-bpsS \nZ¿i-\-am-Wv. AXp-Iq-SmsX sk‚ v t]mƒkv s]b¿ s^tem-jn∏v, sk‚ v t]mƒkv anj≥ XpS-ßnbkphn-tij ]ÿm-\-ßƒ°v tijvT _mhm t\XrXzw \¬In. ssZh-h-N-\-]-T-\hpw ]tLm-j-Whpw k`m-]m-c-º-cy-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂Xv tijvT _mhm-bpsS \n¿_-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p. k`-bn-√msX kphn-tijw \ne-\n¬°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂v tijvT_mhm hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. ta¬ ]kvXm-hn-®-Xp-Iq-SmsX IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS \ho-I-c-W-Øn\pwIpSpw-_-kp-hn-ti-j-Øn\pw ]m[m\yw \¬Ip-Ibpw bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bnseF√m CS-h-I-I-fnepw IpSpw-_-bq-Wn-‰p-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-®Xpw tijvT _mhm-bpsS as‰mcp kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßƒ kp-ZrUam°p-∂-Xn\v ]o˛-am-cn-‰n¬ Iu¨kn¬, hnhm-l-sk-an-\m-dp-Iƒ F√m Zm-k-\-ß-fnepw Bcw- n-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p. Cu taJ-e-I-fn¬ G‰hpwFSpØp ]d-tb≠ H∂mWv Iogn-√Øv Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p∂ k`-bpsS sk‚ v tXmakv [ym\-tI-µw.

Poh-Im-cp-Wy-]-h¿Ø\w

InkvXob B≤ym-flo-I-X-bpsS ]c-a-e£yw am\-ho-I-cWw BW-∂p≈ Z¿i\wtijvT _mhmsb \bn-®n-cp-∂p. B≤ym-flo-Ihpw uXo-I-hp-amb Xe-ß-fn-ep≈ kw¥p-en-X-amb hf¿® am\-ho-I-c-W-Øn\v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. P\-ß-fpsS ]®-bmb PohnXkml-N-cy-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-s®∂v uXo-I-amb Ah-cpsS D∂-a-\-Øn\p th≠n ]h¿Øn-°p-I F∂Xv tijvT _mh-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. Cu taJ-e-bn¬ G‰hpw tijvT-ambIm¬shbv]v F∂Xv CS-hI hcp-am-\-Øns‚ ]Øp iX-am\w Poh-Im-cp-Wy-]-h¿Øn-\mbnaB‰n hbv°pI F∂ Xocp-am\w tijvT _mhmbv°v \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Ign-™-XmW.v CuZ¿i-\Øn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-∏´v C∂v bm°-_mb k`-bn¬ At\Iw Poh-Im-cpWy ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S∂p hcp-∂p. CX-sSm∏w X∂ Nn¥n-t°≠ a‰ ][m\ kwKXn hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn-ep-f-f tijvT _mh-bpS Im¬sh-bv]m-Wv. a\p-jy-hn-tam-N-\-Øn\pw kºq¿Æhf¿®bv°pw hnZym-`ymkw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂ Z¿i\w Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v hnZym-`ymktaJ-e-bn¬ At\Iw kw`m-h-\-Iƒ tijvT _mh \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. tijvT _mhm-bpsSIme-L-´-Øn-em-Wt√m ]nd-hw, ]nd-am-Sw, tImX-aw-Kew, ]pØ≥Ip-cniv XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn-se√mw tImtf-Pp-Ifpw kvIqfp-Ifpw Bcw-`n-®-Xv.

`c-W-L-S\m cq]o-I-cWw

ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdnbm\n k`-bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ G‰hpw \n¿Æm-b-I-ambnkzm[o-\n-®Xv 2002 se `c-W-L-S\m cq]o-I-c-W-am-Wv. kXy-Øn¬ 2002se `c-W-L-S\ k`-bpsS Hcp ]pXnb hgn-Øn-cnhpw Hcp ]pXnb Du¿÷-hp-am-Wv. Hcp-]t£ k`m-`-c-W-cw-KØvtijvT _mhm-bpsS Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h\ c-W-L-S-\-bm-Wv. F∏n-kvt°m-∏-knbpw P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw ka-\z-bn-∏n®v cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏´ Cu `c-W-L-S\ ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb k`bv°vHcp ]pXnb AÿnXzw ][m\w sNbvXp. c-W-L-S-\sb ASn-ÿm-\-s∏´v k -bnse hnhn[`c-W-L-S\m kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw k`m ipiqj \nh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNøp-∂Xv k`-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb≠ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv.

k`m- cW kan-Xn-I-fpsS GtIm-]\w

bmt°m-_mb k`-bnse `cW kwhn[m\-ßƒ F∏n-kvtIm-∏-knbpw P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw ka-\z-bn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu GtIm-]\w \S-Øp-∂Xv ]. kp∂-l-tZm-kv, h¿°nw-KvI-Ω-‰n, amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n, bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n At m-kn-tb-j≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS sFIy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ ]h¿Ø\w hgn-bmWv. tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-]m-Shw kan-Xn-I-sfbpw Hcp-t]mse k`m-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw hf-sc-tbsd klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v.

`Zmk-\-ß-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-hpw, saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m-cpsS hmgvNbpw

ae¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdnbm\n k`bv°v tijvT _mhm \¬Inb henb kw`m-h-\-bmWv ]pXnb `Zm-k\ cq]o-I-c-Whpw saXm-t∏m-eoØ hmgvN-bpw. tijvT _mhm-bpsS ImeØv CSp-°n, tImgn-t°m-Sv, U¬ln, apss_, _mw•q¿ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb`Zm-k-\-ßƒ cq]o-Ir-X-am-Ip-Ibpw ]pXnb saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑msc hmgn®p \¬In-bXpwk`bv°v ]pXnb DW¿∆pw D≥ta-jhpw \¬In. tijvT _mhm-bpsS ipiqj Ime-b-f-hn¬ ae-¶-c-bn¬ h®v 7 saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑msc hmgn-°m≥ km[n-®p.

]mXn-b¿°¬ sk‚¿

ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb k`bv°v kpÿn-c-amb Hcp `cW tIµw \n¿Ωn-°p-hm≥km[n-®Xv tijvT _mhm-bpsS I¿Ω-Ip-i-e-X-bpsS G‰hpw henb DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. tImSn-Iƒ hne-a-Xn-°p∂ ]pØ≥Ip-cn-inse ]mXn-b¿°¬sk‚¿ k`m- -cW tIµhpw k -bpsSA`n-am-\-hp-am-Wv. k`-bpsS F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]mXn-b¿°¬ sk‚¿ tIµo-I-cn®v]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnhn[ Hmô-kp-Iƒ Bcw- n-°p-Ibpw AXp-hgn k`m-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°vHcp GtIm-]\w km[y-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]≈n skan-\mcn \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bp≈ apgn-h≥ [\-ti-J-c-Whpw \S-Øn-bXv tijvT _mhm F∂ hy‡n-bpsS amXw]h¿Ø-\- -e-am-Wv.


bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ tijvT ImtXm-en° _mhm-bpsS ]¶vamXyqkv tam¿ At]w saXm-t∏m-enØ

P\-Iob ASn-Ød

tIcfw Z¿in-®n-´p≈ Npcp°w Nne P\-Iob B≤ym-floI t\Xm-°-fn¬ Hcm-fmWv tijvT _mhm Xncp-ta-\n. tijvT _mhmbpw i‡nbpw kºØpw F∂Xv e£-°-W-°n-\p≈ bmt°m-_mb k`m hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ]n¥p-Wbpw ]n≥_-ehpw kl-I-c-W-hp-am-Wv. Xs‚ efn-X-amb ]kw-K-ssi-en-I-fp-sS-bpw, kvt\l-]q¿∆-amb CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn-eq-sSbpw,km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS PohnX ]iv\-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-s®-√p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw henb P\-Iob]n¥pW tijvT _mhmbv°p e`n-°pw. tijvT _mhm-bpsS I¿tΩm-’p-IX a. b. kp.k Hcp P\-Iob ASn-Ød D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v kmlm-bIcam-Wv. B[p-\oI bmt°m-_mbk`bv°v tijvT _mhm \¬Inb AXn-]-[m\ kw`m-h\ F∂Xv Cu P-\-Iob ASn-ØdXs∂-bm-Wv.

D]-kw-lmcw

bm. kp. k. se hf¿®bv°v hne-s∏´ kw`m-h\Iƒ \evInb tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhInkvXob CS-bXz ipiq-j-bpsS DZm-Ø- m-h-am-Wv. \√ CS-b≥ Xs‚ BSp-Iƒ°p th≠nXs‚ Pohs\ \¬Ip∂p F∂ thZ-hmIyw F√m A¿∞-Ønepw Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\z¿∞-am-°p-∂p. k`m Ncn-X-Ønepw X¶-en-]n-I-fnepw tijvT _mh-bpsS \maw Fgp-X-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ kph¿Æ Pq_n-en-bpsS kam-]\w BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cuka-bØv k¿∆-hn-[-amb sFiz¿ßƒ t\¿∂p-sIm≠pw k¿t∆-iz-cs‚ A\p-K-l-Øn-\mbn]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

tIm]v‰nIv t]m∏v sj\q-U, ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh, A¿Ωo-\nb≥ B¿®v _nj∏vF∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mh

]. kp∂-l-tZmkv skI-´dn tPmk^v

tam¿ Ko-tKm-dntbmkv saXm-t∏m-enØ

sshZoI SÃn IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥

tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏

k`m SÃn _m¿ CutØm Imiotdm

tPm¿÷v amXyp sXt°-Ø-e-bv°¬

k`m skI-´dn _m¿ CutØm alotdm

Xºp tPm¿÷v XpI-e≥

hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v k -bpsS F√m taJ-e-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂]n¥pW hfsc hep-XmWv. tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhmbpw A`n. tPmk v tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-en-Ømbpw, hnizm-k-kw-c-£I kanXn ]kn-U‚ v Gen-bmkv tam¿AØ-\m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-en-Ømbpw, ]. k -bpsS skI- dn Xºp-tPm¿÷v XpI-e\pw,FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uw-K-ß-fmb hµy aqe-bn¬ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏, k¿°p-te-j≥amt\-P¿ ‰n. hn. aØmbn Xpcp-Øp-tΩ¬, sjh. tXmakv Zm\n-tb¬, _nPp-Ip-cy≥ amXyqkvIf-ºp-Im v, tPm¨ nen∏v tIm -∏-d-ºn¬, at\mPv amXyp Bcym-S≥ ]m°¬, APp amXypap≠-°¬, Hmôkv amt\-P¿ _nPp ‰n Gen-bmkv F∂n-h¿ \¬Ip∂ ]n¥p-W-bpw kl-I-c-Whpw hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. kπn-sa‚ v Cd-°m≥ klm-bn® F√-h-tcmSpw ]tXy-In®v]c-ky-ßƒ X∂v Cu kwcw-`sØ hnP-bn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ap≥t]m´v h∂ F√-h-tcm-Sp-ap-ff

\µnbpw kvt\lhpw IS-∏mSpw Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

No^v FUn-‰¿: sjh. _n_n F_lmw IS-hpw-`mKw

\µn

‰n. hn. aØmbn

Xpcp-Øp-tΩ¬

sjh. tXmakv

Zm\n-tb¬

tPm¨ ^nen∏v

tIm -∏-d-ºn¬

APp amXyp

ap≠-°¬


1. Civil Engineers - Project Managers,Site Engineers, Quantity Surveyors

2. Planning Engineers3. Civil Structural Design Engineers4. Electrical Engineers

5. Total Station Surveyors6. CAD Operators7. Heavy Duty Mechanics8. JCB, Shovel & Crane Operators9. Heavy Duty Drivers have valid U.A.E / In

dian Heavy Duty License10. Aluminum Fabricators11. Masons12. Furniture & Shuttering Carpenters

A large group of Companies based in U.A.E. and managed by J S C personnel’s with diversifiedactivities viz. a viz. General Contracting, Cement Manufacturing, Pre-cast Systems, Ready-mix Concrete are currently recruiting around 2000 personnel for their following activitiesin Abu Dhabi and Al Ain :

J.S.C. candidates who are interested may come in person for trade test / person-

nel interview at SAINT GITS College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kottayam on

20th October 9.30 AM onwards, along with their certificates and conduct certifi-

cate from Parish Priest. JSC candidates below poverty line shall be given spe-

cial consideration, however shall bring certificate of the same from Diocesan

Bishop / Catholicate Foreign Affairs Office.

13. Steel Fixers14. Welders & Fabricators15. Electrician16. Plumbers17. Safety Officers (Ex Service Only)18. Camp Boss

(Ex Service not below the rank of Lft.)19. Cement Factory Operators20. Ready Mix Plant Operators21. Automatic Block Machine operators22. Civil Forman / Supervisor (3year Diploma

holders)23. Electrical Forman / Supervisor

(3year Diploma holders)

ae-¶-c-bn¬ \memw ss«lnI kµ¿i\w \S-Øp∂ ]cn-ip≤ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-°pw,

]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-jn-°p∂ tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-ta-\n°pw

Ata-cn-°≥ `Zm-k-\-Ønse enhn-MvÃ¨ sk‚ v sPbnwkv kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fpsS

]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆-amb Biw-k-Iƒ

`c-W-k-an-Xn-°p-th≠n,

^m. Koh¿Kokv tP°_v Nmen-t»cn

hnImcn

kmPp sI. ]utemkv

SÃn

]p∂q-kvIpń tP°_v

skI- dn

ae-¶-c-bpsS bmt°m_v _p¿±m\ B_q≥ tam¿ _t -en-tbmkvtXmakv ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en° _mhm Xncp-ta\n Aio-Xn-bpsS(F¨]-Xv) \nd-hn¬ FØn-b-tXm-sSm∏w ]utcm-lnXy ]Z-hn-bn¬A≥]Xv h¿jw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]sØm≥]XpwCcp-]Xpw Ccp-]-sØm∂pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-te°v bmt°m-_mbk`sb \bn-®Xv tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv F∂ ÿm\m-\m-a-[-mcn-I-fm-Wv. henb tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv (1770˛1808), ]pen-t°m-ń¬tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv (1865-1909), F∂n-hsct∏mse ].At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-hp-ambn ae-¶-c-bv°p≈ Imt\m-\nI_‘w Duń-bp-d-∏n®v 21˛mw \q‰m-≠n-te°v k`sb \bn-°p-hm≥

ssZhw Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXv tXmakv tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv (tijvT _mhm) saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-sb-bm-Wv. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v e`n-°msX t]mb ImtXm-en°m ÿm\we`n-°m≥ mKy-ap-≠m-bXpw tijvT _mhm-bv°m-Wv. k -bpsS mhn kw_-‘n®v hy‡-amb ImgvN-]m-Sp-Ifpw kz]v\-ßfpw a\- n¬ kq£n®v k`-bpsS \∑-bv°mbv Atlm-cmXw ]cn-i-an®p hcn-I-bmWv _mhm. Xmgva-bp-f-f-hsc ssZhw Db¿Øp∂psh∂thZ-hmIyw A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv tijvT _mhm-bpsS Pohn-Xw.

_mem-cn-jvT-X-Iƒ \nd™ ssii-h-hpw, ImTn-\y-ta-dnb Iuam-c-hpw, t¢i-I-c-hp-amb buh-\-hp-a-S-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p _mhm-bpsS PohnX kml-N-cyw. Cuim-bn-bpsS aI-\mb Zmho-Zns\ Xnc-s™-SpØ k¿∆-i-‡≥ ]utcm-lnXy ]Z-Øn-te°vXs∂ Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. a¬∏m≥ h-\-Ønse kpdn-bm\n ]T-\-Ime ka-bØv amXy-Im-hn-Zym¿∞n-bmbn tXma-kv si-Ωm-i≥ amdn. sshZo-I-\mb tijw e`n® CS-h-I-I-fnseNpa-X-e-Iƒ kvXpX¿ly-ambn \n¿∆-ln® tXma-k-®s‚ tkh-\-Øn-\mbn a‰n-S-h-I-IƒsImXn-®p. ae-¶-c-bnse Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ kphn-tij ]kw-K-I-\mb kn. Fw. tXma-k-®s‚ km∂n≤yw k`-bnse Hmtcm `Zm-k-\hpw BK-ln-®p. tIme-t©cn Bip-]Xn-bnse Hm¿K-ss\-knwKv skI- -dn-bpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-®-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂tcmKn-Isf ipiq-jn-°m\pw A®≥ kabw Is≠-Øn. C°m-e-L--´-Øn¬ Bip-]-Xn-bnse hm¿Un¬ O¿±n® tcmKn-bpsS O¿±n¬ bmsXmcp sshjay-hp-an-√msX Ccp-ssI-I-fp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v tXma-k-®≥ \o°w sNbv-X-Xn\v Fs‚ _‘p km£n-bm-Wv.C]-Imcw kam-Z-c-Wo-b-\mb sshZo-I-\mbpw \√ ia-co-b-°m-c-\mbpw tXma-k-®≥]h¿Øn-®p. Pohn-X-Ønse G‰hpw kwXr]vXn \nd™ Zn\-ß-fm-bmWv _mhmC°mesØ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

1970Ifn¬ ae-¶-c-bn-ep-≠mb `n∂X k`sb ]nf¿∏n-te° \bn-®p. ].At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm hmgn® Koh¿§okv tam¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv (s]-cp-º≈n Xncp-ta-\n) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Bcm-[\m kuIpam-cyhpw, hmKvhnem-k-hpw, tXmakvtam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kwLm-S-I-ti-j-bpw, I¿Ω-Ip-i-e-X-bpw, ]t_m-[-\-ßfpw ]kw-K-ß-fpw, Ipdn-tbm-t°mkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS im¥-Xbpw kuay-Xbpw F√mw IqSn-t®¿∂-t∏mƒ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v AsXmcp ]pØ≥A\p- -h-ambn amdn. hS-°≥ Zm-k-\-ß-fnepw ae-_m-dnepw tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf \bn-°m≥ ap∂n- n-d-ßn. _mly-tI-cf Zm-k-\-Ønse hnhn[ÿe-ß-fn¬ ]≈n-Iƒ ÿm]n-°m≥ t\XrXzw sImSp-ØXpw Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Wv. bmt°m-_mb k`mw-K-ßƒ°v GXm-h-iy-ap-≠m-bm-epw, Ah¿°v klm-b-l-kvX-hp-ambnFØp∂ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n P\-Iob CS-b-\m-Wv. hnizm-k-kw-c-£-W-

Aio-Xnbpw ]n∂n´v Aiz-ta-[w

_nPp Ipcy≥ If-ºp-Im´v, ]pXp-∏≈n

Øn\p th≠n Iqc-amb t]meokv a¿±-\-ßƒ°pw, Pbn¬hm-k-Øn\pw Xncp-ta\n hnt[-b-\m-bn. ae-¶-c-bnse G‰hpw henb `Zm-k-\-amb A¶--am-en-bnse CS-h-I-Isf kXy-hn-izm-k-Ønepw t\¿h-gn°pw sI´p-d-t∏m-sSbpw \bn-°m≥ Xncp-ta-\n°v km[n-®p.

1995 se kp]owtImSXn hn[nbpw, tijvT _t -en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS BI-kvanI hntbm-Khpw Nne PqWn-b¿ Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS Nm©m-´hpw F√mw-IqSn k`-bn¬ ]Xn-k‘n D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp∂p F∂ tXm∂¬ Df-hm-°n. bmt°m-_mb k`bpsS Bflm-`n-am\w ImtXm-en°m ]£-Øn\p apºn¬ ASn-b-d- h-bv°m≥ ]cn-i-an-®-h-cpsS \o°-ßsf XS-bm≥ Imc-W-am-bXv tXmakv tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Dd® \ne-]m-Sp-I-fm-Wv. tImSXnhn[n-Iƒ hf-s®m-Sn®v hymJym-\n®v bmt°m-_mb k`sb C√mbva sNøm≥ k`bv°v AIØpw ]pdØpw \n∂v ian-®-h¿ tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ønb hkvXp-X-Iƒ icn-bm-Wv F∂vAKo-I-cn-t°≠n h∂p. 1999 ¬ s]cp-º≈n Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvX-Xns\ XpS¿∂vk`m \uI-bpsS ISn-™m¨ tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n Gs‰-Sp-Øp.

ImtXmen°m I£n-°m¿ tImSXn tIkp-Iƒ aqew bmt°m-_mb k`sb ]oVn-∏n®p sIm≠n-cp∂ C°m-eØv ssZhm-ibw amXw ssIap-X-em°n k`m`cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ Xncp-ta-\n°v km[n-®p. ImtXm-en°m I£n-°m-cpsS X¥-ßsf t\cn-´-Xn-s\m∏wk`m ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ GtIm-]n-∏n®v k`m-`-cWw \S-Øm\pw tXmakv tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n°v Ign-™p. ssZhoI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ aqew bmt°m-_mb k -bpsStijvT ImtXm-en° _mhm-bmbn Xncp-ta\n hmgn-°-s∏- p. _mhm-bpsS P\-]n-¥p-Wbpw]h¿Ø\ ssienbpw tN¿∂-t∏mƒ Akm-≤y-sa∂v Icp-Xnb t\ -ßƒ kz¥-am-°m≥bmt°m-_mb k`°v km[n-®p. 2002 ¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ c-W-L-S-\ -]-Imcw bYm-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ At m-kn-tb-j\pw, hyh-ÿm-]nX coXn-bn¬ amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n, h¿°nwKvIΩ-‰n, ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv F∂n-ßs\ F√m k`m-L-S-I-ßfpw]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂-Xns‚ t]c-I-i‡n tijvT _mhm-bp-tS-Xm-Ip-∂p. ]pØ≥Ip-cn-inse k`m Bÿm-\hpw, ImtXm-en-t°‰v dkn-U≥kpw, IØo-U¬ ssZhm-e-bhpwF√mw Npcp-ßnb ImewsIm≠v ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v IqZmi sNøp-hm≥ tijvT _mhmsbssZhw klm-bn-®p.

bmt°m-_mb k` ssZh-Øns‚ k -bm-Wv. AXns\ \in-∏n-°m≥ ]mXmftKm]p-c-ßƒ°v km[y-a√ F∂v Gh-tcbpw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ _mhm Xncp-ta-\n°vkm[n-®p. k`-bpsS D∂-a\w e£y-am-°n-bp-ff _mhm-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]I-ep-Iƒ ssZ¿Ly-ta-dn-bXpw cmXn-Iƒ ssZ¿Lyw Ipd-hp≈ ka-b-hp-am-Wv. ]iv\-ßƒ°pw]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ°pw apºn¬ ASn-]-X-dmsX ssZh-Øn¬ Bi-bn®v Ahsb XcWwsNøp∂ tijvT _mhm-bpsS PohnX ssien A\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.

“ITn-\-≤zm-\-Øns‚ ]mX-bn-eq-sStb `mKyw IS∂phcq” F∂ sNm√vA\z¿∞-am-°nb k`m-≤y-£-\mWv tijvT _mhm. bmt°m-_mb k` C∂v t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hf¿®-Iƒ°v tijvT _mhm-tbmSv IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ H´pw AXn-i-tbm‡nbn√. PohnX Ime-L-´-Øn¬ AioXn ]n∂n-´v, ]utcm-lnXy]Z-hn-bn¬ kph¿Æ Pq_n-en-bpsS tim -bn-seØn bmt°m-_mb k`sb hnPb tkm]m-\-ß-fn-te°v \bn-°p∂ tijvT _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°_mhmbv°v Bbp-cmtcmKy kuJyhpw Zo¿Lm-bp pw \¬In ssZhw Xºp-cm≥ A\p-K-ln-°-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.


1929 Pqsse 22 ˛ ]pØ≥ Ipcniv (h-S-b-ºm-Sn) sNdp-h-≈n¬ aØm-bn-bp-sSbpw Ip™Ω

bp sSbpw aI-\mbn P\n®p

1952 ˛ A`n-hµy ]utemkv tam¿ ôe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ \n∂pw

(]n-∂oSv tijvT ImtXm-en-°m-_m-h) tImdqtbm ]´w kzoI-cn®p

1957 ˛ A`n-hµy ]utemkv tam¿ ôe-Ivkn-t∂mkv Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ \n∂pw

(]n-∂oSv tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mh) siΩm-i]´w kzoI-cn-®p.

1958sk]v‰w-_¿ 21˛ At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ ]Xn-\n[n tam¿ bqen-tbmkv Gen-bmkv

_mhm-bn¬ \n∂pw a™-\n-°c Zb-dm-bn¬ h®v I»oi ]´w kzoI-

cn®p.

1973HIvtSm-_¿ 11 ˛ tImX-aw-K-eØv tN¿∂ A¶-amen `Zm-k\ ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbmKw

saX-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\-tØ°v Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

1974 s^_p-hcn 24 ˛Uam-kv°-kn¬ h®v ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥

]mXn-b¿°okv _mh tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®p. (C-tXm-sSm∏w ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb s]cp-

º≈n Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw hmgn-®p.)

1977 Pq¨11-˛18 ˛ ]g-t¥m´w (A-¶-amen `Zm-k-\w) ]≈n-bn¬ Bcm-[\ kzmX-¥y-Øn-

\mbn D]-hm-k-b-⁄w \SØn

1977 Unkw-_¿ 6 ˛ Beph Xr°p-∂Øv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈nbn¬ bmt°m-_mb k`m

1977 P\p-hcn 18 ˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Bcm-[\m kzmX-¥y-Øn\v th≠n 44 Znhkw D]-hm

k-b-⁄w \S-Øn.

1988 BKÃv 28 ˛ tImX-aw-Kew hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw IØo-U-en¬ h®v jjvSn-]q¿Øn

BtLm-jn-®p.

1998 Pqsse 22 ˛ tImX-aw-Kew hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw IØo-U-en¬ h®v k]vX-Xnbpw saXm`n-

tjI cP-X-Pq-_n-enbpw kwbp-‡-ambn BtLm-jn-®p.

1998 Unkw-_¿ 11 ˛ jjvSn ]q¿Øn kvamc-I-ambn tImX-aw-K-eØv au≠v ko\mbn aµn-c-

k-ap®bØns‚ IqZmi \n¿h-ln-®p.

1999 s^_p-hcn22 ˛ ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv ]kn-U‚mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.

2000 Unkw-_¿ 27˛ ]pØ≥Ip-cnin¬ IqSnb AJne ae-¶c ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cpjtbmKw

\nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m _mhbmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

2002 Pqsse 6 ˛ ]pØ≥Ip-cnin¬ IqSnb AJne ae-¶c ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cpj tbmKw

\nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m _mhmsb saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-bmbpw Xnc-

s™-Sp-Øp.

2002 Pqsse 26 ˛ Uam-kv°-kn¬ h®v ]. CKv\m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXnb¿-

Poh-N-cn-X-^-e-I-ßƒPoh-N-cn-X-^-e-I-ßƒPoh-N-cn-X-^-e-I-ßƒPoh-N-cn-X-^-e-I-ßƒPoh-N-cn-X-^-e-I-ßƒ

°okv _mh tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bmbn hmgn®p.

2002 Pqsse 31 ˛ tImX-aw-Kew hn. am¿tØm-a≥ sNdnb ]≈n-bn¬h®v kpt¥m-Wntkm

ipiqj \S-Øn.

2002 \hw-_¿ 2 ˛ ]. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Nc-a-i-Xm-_vZn-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]pØ≥Ip-

cnin¬h®v hn. \qs‰m-∂n-t∑¬ Ip¿∫m-\°v apJy-Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln®p.

2003 sk]v‰w-_¿29 ˛]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ h®v Ipcn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv Xncp-

ta-\nsb hmgn®p.

2004 sk]v‰w-_¿ ˛ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ÿm\m-tcm-lW cP-X-Pq-_nen DXvLm-

S\w sIm®n-bn¬ h®v ]. ]nXm-hns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ AXn-Kw- o-c-ambn

\S-Øn. IqSmsX tImX-aw-K-eØv hn. aptdm≥ IpZm-i, apf-¥p-cpØn

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥, Icn-ßm®n-d-bn¬ ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv

F∂n-hbpw \S-∂p.

2005 sk]v‰w-_¿˛ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Pq_nen kam-]-\-Øn¬ tijvT-_m-

hm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ henb Hcp kwLw Uam-kv°-kn¬ t]mbn

]s¶-SpØp.

2006 Pqsse 3 ˛ k -bpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn 5 saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑msc hS-°≥]d-

hq¿ sk‚ tXmakv ]≈n-bn¬h®v tijvT _mhm-bpsS apJyIm¿ΩnI-

Xz-Øn¬ hmgn-®p.

2007 P\p-h-cn 1 ˛ ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ h®v Gen-bmkv tam¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-

ta\nsb hmgn-®p.

2007 s^_p-hcn ˛ ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS (a-™-\n-°-c)

75-˛mw ZpIvtdmt\m-Pq-_nen BtLm-j-ßƒ tijvT-_mh DXvLm-S\w

sNbvXp.

2007 P\p-hcn 25 ˛ 30 ch¿jsØ ImØn-cn-∏n-\p-tijw Bep-hm-bnse ]pWy-. ]n-Xm-°-

∑m-cpsS I_-dn-¶¬ tijvTm-_m-hm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ [q]m¿∏Ww

\S-Øn.

2007 Pqsse 6 ˛ ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ tN¿∂ AJne ae-¶c ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cpjtbmKw

tijvT _mhmsb- ho≠pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-bmbpw ]pXnb

`mc-hm-ln-I-sfbpw amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰nsbbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

2007 \hw-_¿ ˛ tijvT -_m-hm-bpsS ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen apJy-a¥n in.

hn. Fkv A®p-Xm-\-µ≥ tImX-aw-K-eØv DXvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

2008 P\p-hcn 25 ˛ tijvT _mh-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Bep-h- Xr-°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ ]pWy-]n-Xm-°∑m-cpsS I_-dn-S-ßfn¬ [q]m¿∏Ww \S-Øn.

Xøm-dm-°n-bXv: at\mPv amXyp Bcym-S≥]m-°¬


ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]mtZ-inI Xe-h≥B_q≥ tam¿ _tken-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mh ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ 50 h¿jw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂ Cu A\p-K-loXthf-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Af-h‰ Ir]sb FX kvXpXn-®mepwaXn-bm-I-bn-√. ImcWw B tijvT alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\n-eqsSssZhw "sl¿tΩm\y a™v' Bbn s]bvXn-dßn "A\p-K-lhpwizmiz-X -Po-h\pw' \¬Ip-∂Xv B[p-\nI ae-¶c kpdn-bm-\n k`m-N-cnXw Xe-s°-´p-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-√mØ, BSp-Isf t]¿ sNm√nhnfn-°p∂ \√n-S-b≥. AXmWv tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv

]Y-a≥ _mh. kn. Fw. tXmakv Iio» Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mgpw, tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvtXmakv saXm-t∏m-eoØ Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mgpw tijvT ImtXm-en° Bb-t∏mgpw tijvT]nXm-hns‚ kpi-‡-amb t\Xr-Xz-hpw, ]uU-amb Nn¥-Ifpw kpdn-bm\n k`m a°-fpsS F°m-e-sØbpw Bth-i-am-Wv.

hni-a-an-√mØ ]Xn-_-≤X

G‰hpw Iep-jn-X-amb ImL- -Øn-emWv tijvT _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v saX-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\-tØ°p Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏- -Xv. "Xe Nmbv°m≥' CSw tXSmsX k`sbipiq-jn-∏m-\mWv Atlm-tcmXw bXv\n® tijvT ]nXmhv "bmt°m_v _p¿±m\' F∂\ma-t[-b-Øn\p A¿l-\m-Ip-∂Xv. cmXn-bpsS bma-ß-fn¬ temIw KmU-\n-Z-bn¬ ebn-°p-tºmgpw

hni-a-a-dn-bmsX cmXn-IqsS ]I-ep-I-fm-°p∂ B PohnXw Xs∂-bmWv bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS 21- mw \q‰m-≠nse ]Xn-jvTbpw ]Xym-ibpw. Bep-hm-bnse]cn-ip-≤-\mb henb Xncp-ta\n (tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv ]utemkv kXy-hn-izmkkwc-£-I≥) XpS-ßnb alm-c-Y-∑m¿ tabn®p \bn® A¶-amen `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ AP-]m-e-\-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv tXmakv saXm-t∏m-eoØ lrZy-amb s]cp-am‰w sIm≠v P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ Nnc-]-XnjvT t\Sm≥ A[n-I-Imew th≠n-h-∂n-√. ]q¿∆ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ]c-ta-en-∏n-® Id-bn-√mØ At¥ymJym hnizmkw DuńDd-∏n-°p-hm≥ th≠n-bp≈ k‘n-bn-√m t]mcm´w (B-ep-hm-bnse kl-\-k-a-cw) k`-tbmSv amX-a-√, Xs∂ `c-ta-ev∏n® k`m- a-°-tfm-Sp-ap≈ tijvT-]n-Xm-hns‚ ]Xn-_-≤-X-I-fpsS aIp-tSm-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. ITn-\-amb ]oU-\-ßƒ G¬t°≠n h∂-t∏m-gpw, cY-ß-fn-epw, IpXn-c-I-fnepw Bi-bn-°msX Ah-sb√mw kzbw Gs‰-SpØv "kzbwiq\y-am-°nb kz¿§ob kvt\lsØ' PohnX Ncy-bm-°nb tijvT _mh P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p-∂p. BSp-Iƒ°p-th≠n Pohs\ sImSp-°p∂ \√n-S-b-\m-bn.

ssZh-im-kvX-Øns‚ Imen-IX

bnkm-tb¬ P\-Xsb ankbnw ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂pw hos≠-Sp-°p-hm-\mbntamsisb hnfn®p th¿Xn-cn-®-t∏mƒ ssZhw sImSpØ hmKvZØw "Rm≥ \nt∂m-Sp-IqsS Ccn°pw' (]p-d. 3; 12) F∂p-≈Xv tijvT _mhm-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw shfn-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]mYanI hnZy-`ymkw amXw D≈q F∂v Ft∏mgpw G‰p ]d-bp∂tijvT _mhm-bpsS Nn¥-I-fn¬ \n∂v hnS-cp∂ kºp-jvS-amb Bi-b-ßƒ ssZh-imkvX ho£-W-ßƒ ssZh-im-kvX-Øn¬ D∂X _ncp-Z-ßfp≈ a‰m-sc-°mfpw ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. saX-mt∏m-eoØ ÿm\w G¬°p-∂-Xn-\p- ap-ºp≈ Hcp-°-\m-fp-Isf∏‰n \ncWw `Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ tUm. tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Koh¿§okv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ ""Rßƒ°p X∂ DZvt_m-[-\-ß-fn¬ hy‡n-]-c-ambn

k -bv°mbn tijvT-am-sbmcp PohnXw

^m. tPman tPmk v kzn‰vk¿e≠v

]m¿∞-\m-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw apX¬ hntam-N\ ssZh-im-kvXhpw ]cn-ÿnXnssZh-im-kvXhpw hsc IS-∂p-h-∂p. _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hm°p-I-fpsS Imen-I-Xbpw]c∏pw Cu hm°p-I-fn¬ shfn-hmbn'' (hn-izmk kwc-£-I≥ BK-k-‰v. 1. 15. 2006) 4˛mw\q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ k\ym-k-h-cy≥ FhvKcnbqkv s]m¥n-°qkv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvssZh-im-kvXsØ Ipdn®v C]-Imcw \n¿h-Nn-°p-∂p. ""\o Hcp ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mWvF¶n¬ \o ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv. \o ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-h-\m-sW-¶n¬ \o ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mWv' ssZh-im-kvXsØ ]m¿∞-\-bn-eqsS kzmb-Ø-am-°nb tijvT-_m-hm-bpsSPohn-X-hpw, ]t_m-[-\-ßfpw kpdn-bm\n k -bn¬ AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂, thdn- n-cn-°p∂pkhn-ti-j-I-am-Ip-∂p.

Xf-cmØ hnizmk Xo£vWX

hnIm-c-ßƒ°p ka-c-s∏-SmsX kà-°-fp-ambn kZm kwth-Z\w sNøp∂ tijvT_mhm-bpsS PohnXw Xs∂-bmWv tijvT ]nXmhv \¬Ip∂ G‰hpw henb ktµ-iw.Bep-hm-bnepw tImX-aw-K-eØpw aW¿ImSpw kXy-hn-izmk kwc-£-Wm¿∞w P\-a-≤y-Øn¬ apń-t∑¬ ]m¿∞-\m-\n-c-X-\mbn \n¬°p∂ tijvT-]n-Xm-hns‚ NnXw GXplrZ-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv am™p-t]m-hpI? 30 h¿jØn-\p-tijw 2007 P\p-hcn 25-˛mwXobXn ]qń-In-S∂ Beph Xr°p-∂Øv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ A¶-amen `Zm-k-\-Ønse ]q¿∆-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS I_n-d-S-ß-fnte°p tijvT_mhm Fgp-∂-≈n-b-t∏mƒ tijvTm _mhm-bpsS ]m¿∞-\bv°p apºn¬, hnizmkXo£vWXbv°p apºn¬ Xf-cmØ C—m-i-‡n°p apºn¬ ]Xn-_-‘-ßƒ am‰-s∏SpwF∂p-≈-Xn\p Ime-tØmfw \ne-\n¬°p∂ sXfn-hmbn amdn. tijvT _mhm-bpsS F∂-sØ-bp-ap≈ Zp:JamWv Bep-h Xr°p-∂Øv skΩn-\m-cnbpw ]≈nbpw A\ym-[o-\-s∏´v InS-°p-∂-Xv. tijvT _mhm-bpsS ImeØv Xs∂ AXp kpdn-bm\n k`bv°vAXns‚ bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°p atlm-∂-X-ß-fnse ssZhw \¬Is´ F∂p \ap°vssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ ]m¿∞n-°mw.

ssZhsØ At\z-jn-°p∂ _p≤n-am-\pt≠m F∂v ImWp-hm≥ ssZhw kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v t\m°p-tºmƒ tijvTm _mhm-bpsS apJw Z¿in-°pw F∂p≈ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an-√. \mfsØ k`m Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\nk`m Ncn-XsØ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpw, apºpw, AXn-\p-ti-jhpw F∂n-ßs\ c≠mbv hn`-Pn-°pw F∂p-≈-Xn\v X¿°-an-√. hf¿®-bpsS Af-hp-tIm¬ uXn-I-amb t\ -ß-f-√, adn®v Bfln-b-X-bn-eqsSbpw kl-\-i-‡n-bn-eq-sSbpwk`m-a-°sf t\Sp-∂-XmWv F∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ImWn®p Xcn-Ibpw sNbvX tijvT-_m-hm-bpsS ImeØv `Zm-k-\-ßƒ, saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cpw, ùXnI t\´-ßfpw D≠m-hp-Ibpw k` F∂-sØ-°mfpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈Xv as‰mcp hiw. "Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßƒ D∂-bn-°msX bma-]m¿∞\m ]pkvX-I-hp-ambn Imcm-K-l-Øn-te°pt]mIp-hm≥ Xøm-dmb Bep-hm-bnse ]cn-ip-≤-\mb henb Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS' (I-Wn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏-bpsS kXy-hn-izmk kwc-£-I≥ F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw )]n≥Km-an-bmbn h∂v ae-¶-c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS t\XrXzwAe-¶-cn-°p∂ B_q≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhmbv°p B tijvT-]n-Xm-hns‚ Xr°-c-ß-fm¬ ]´w sI´-s∏´ _e-lo-\-\mb Rm\pw, Rm≥ ipiqjsNøp∂ kzn‰vk¿e≠v sk‚ v tacokv kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv CS-h-I-bnse Ahn-SpsØ a°-fpw. ‡nbm-Z-c-hp-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. Zo¿L-Imew kpdn-bm\n k`sb ]®-bmb ]p¬∏p-d-ß-fn-te°v \bn-°p-hm≥ atlm-∂-X-ß-fnse ssZhw `mKyw \¬Is´F∂p ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS A`n-am-\-kvXw- -hpw, k`mw-K-ß-fpsS \√ CS-b\pwA`n-am\ `c-W-I¿Øm-hpw, k¿t∆m-]cn B[p-\nI k`-bpsS in¬∏n-bp-amb tijvT_tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-ta\n ]utcm-lnXy ]Z-hn-bn¬ A©v Zimw-_vZ-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A≥]Xv h¿j-ambn XpS-cp∂k`m ipiq-j-bn¬, ]Xn-\©v h¿j-ßƒ sshZn-I-\mbpw, Ccp-]Øn F´v h¿j-ßƒsaXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-bpw, 2002 apX¬ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bm-bp-amWv Cu kph¿Æ-\n-an-j-ß-fn-te°v FØ-s∏- -Xv. ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-epw, s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw Ffn-a-bpw, emfn-Xy-hpw, am\y-Xbpw h®p-]p-e¿Øp∂ kz`mh sshinjvSyw tijvT _mhmsb CXck`m-≤y-£∑mcn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-°p-∂p.

sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mgpw, saXm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp-∂-t∏m-gpw, ImtXm-en°m_mhm-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw, Xs∂ G¬∏n® Xme-¥p-Isf hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS hn\n-tbm-Kn®v Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿h∆ln-®p F∂-XmWv tijvT _mhm-bpsS PohnX hnPb cl-kyw. ]n∂n-tS≠ ]mX-bnse I√pw ap≈pw ae-t]mse hcp∂ ]iv\-ßfpw ]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw ]m¿∞-\-bmepw D]-hm-k-Ømepw t\cn´v ae¿ ]mX-I-fm°n apt∂-dm≥_mhmbv°v km[n-°p-∂p-≠v. sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ X\n°v e`n® ssZhm-e-b-ß-fpsS A`n-hr≤n amXw e£y-am°n ]h¿Øn-°m\pw tIme-t©cn saUn-°¬ anj≥Bip-]-Xn-bpsS ÿm]\w apX¬ AhnsS ]h¿Øn-°m\pw tcmKn-Isf ]cn-N-cn-°m\pwtbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ kphn-tijw hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn¬ ]kw-Kn-°m\pw ssZhw sNdp-h≈n¬ sIm®-®s\ klm-bn-®p.

ae-¶c k`-bnse tbmPn∏pw sFIyhpw ]gb saXm≥ I£n-hn-`mKw XI¿Økml-N-cy-Øn¬ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬Im\pw Bflnb ZnjvS-Xn-Iƒ\S-Øm\pw ta¬]-´-°m¿ Bh-iy-ambn h∂p. AXn-\mbn ssZhw Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-h-cn¬ Hcmƒ sNdp-h-≈n¬ tXma-k-®-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

ae-¶-c-bnse hS-°≥ `Zm-k-\-ß-fn-epw, ae-_m¿ taJ-e-bn-epw, _mly-tI-c-f-Øn-epw, kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ ]oU-\-a\p`hn® CXc ÿe-ß-fnepw F√mw tXmakv am¿Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, s]cp-º≈n Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, ]qXn-tbms´ Xncp-ta-\nbpwIS∂v sN∂p. CXv At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ `‡-cmb kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v Bizm-khpw Bth-i-hp-ambn Xo¿∂p. 1975 se BI-am\ kp∂-l-tZmkv \n›-bn-®-]-ImcwA¶-amen `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ Npa-Xe tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n°v e`n-®p. A¶-amen `Zm-k-\sØ ae-¶-c-bnse G‰hpw henb `Zm-k-\sØ HsØm-cp-a-bn-epw, A®-S-°-Øn-epw, kXy-hn-izm-k-Ønepw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Xncp-ta-\n°v km[n-®p, A¶-amen`Zm-k\sØ ka¿∞-ambn \bn-°p-hm\pw tImX-aw-K-eØv `Zm-k\ ÿm\w \n¿Ωn-°m\pw Xncp-ta-\n°v km[n-®p. A¶-amen `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ tIµhpw At¥ymJymknwlm-k\ ‡-cmb k`sb \bn®v ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v IS-∂p-t]mb ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS A¥y-hn-ia ÿm\-hp-amb Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cnbpw ]≈nbpwbYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in-I-fmb bmt°m-_mb k`bv°v e`n-°m≥ Xncp-ta\n kln® ]oU-\-ßfpw, t]meokv a¿±-\-ßfpw, Pbn¬ hmk-hpw, hnkva-cn-°m≥ bmt°m-_mb k`-bnse B¿°pw km≤y-a-√.

1999 ¬ bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS t\Xr-Xzÿm\Øv FØn-t®¿∂ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n, Zo¿L-ho-£-W-tØmsS sNbvX BZy-\-S-]Sn ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬

Hcp hS-°≥ hoc-Km-Y..... !Hcp hS-°≥ hoc-Km-Y..... !Hcp hS-°≥ hoc-Km-Y..... !Hcp hS-°≥ hoc-Km-Y..... !Hcp hS-°≥ hoc-Km-Y..... !ho£mtKm]pcw

\nco-£-I≥

k`m-tIµw \n¿Ωn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. bmt°m-_mb k`bv°v ]e-t∏mgpw Xncn-®-Sn-Iƒt\cn-´-Xns‚ ][m\ ImcWw k`bv°v tIµo-IrX `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w C√m-sX-t]mb-Xm-sW∂ hmZw i‡-am-bn-cn-s°-bmWv ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsSBÿm-\-a-µn-c-\n¿ΩmWw \S-∂-Xv. _rl-Ømb Cu ]≤Xn hnP-bn-°ptam F∂vkwibw ]I-Sn-∏n-®-h-cp-≠v, ]Wn-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ Zim-_vZ-ßƒ th≠n-h-cp-sa∂vi¶n-®-h-cp-≠v, k`m tIµ-Øn-s‚, Bh-iy-an-s√-∂v Icp-Xn-b-h-cp≠v Cßs\ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ Nn¥n-®-hsc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm≠v 2004 ¬ BZy-L´w ]Wn-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®v, ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhsbsIm≠v IqZm-i-\-S-Øm¬ km[n-®-Xns‚ ]n∂n¬]h¿Øn-®Xv tijvT_mhm-bpsS C—m-i‡n H∂p-am-X-am-Wv. CXn\v th≠ ae-¶ck`mw-K-ßƒ ]m¿°p∂ temI-Ønse hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn¬ sN∂v _mhm k`mw-K-ßsfDXvt_m-[n-∏n-®-Xns‚ ê-ambn IqSn-bmWv Cu kwcw-`w hnP-bn-®-Xv. 2008 Bb-t∏m-tg°v k`m-tI-µ-\n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Æ-am-°m-\pw,-I-Øo-U¬ ]≈n \n¿Ωn-°m\pw CtXm-sSm∏w tijvT-_m-hm-bpsS Xma-k-Øn-\mbn s_Ym\n `h-\-\n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m\pw k`m cWw sI´p-dp-∏p≈Xm°m≥ k`m c-W-L-S-\(2002) ]m m-°m-\pw, ]pXnb`Zm-k-\-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m-\pw, ]pXnb saXm-t∏m-eoØmamsc hmgn-°m-\pw, ]pXnbhnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ Bcw-`n-°m\pw F√mw tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-ta\n t\XrXzw \evIn. HsØm-cp-a-tbmSpw A®-S-°-tØmSpw IqSn bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS \∑-bv°mbn ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Hmtcm k`mw-K-ß-sfbpw _mhm t]cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

tijvT _mhm bYm¿∞ P\-\m-b-I-\m-sW-∂pw, tijvT _mhm-bpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ hnkvabIc-am-sW∂pw saXm≥ I£n-Iƒ 90 h¿jw-sIm≠v t\Snb hf¿® 9h¿j-ßƒs°m≠v t\Sm≥ bmt°m-_mb-°m¿°v km[n®p F∂pw ]d-bp∂ saXm≥I£n ta¬]-´-°mcpw am[y-a-ßfpw F√mw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ kXy-sam∂v amX-amWv;“Cu hnP-b-ß-fpsS inev]n tijvT _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m_mhm-bm-Wv”. ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS tae-≤y-£-\m-bn-cp-∂v, ssZh-Ir-]-bn¬Bi-bn®v, ssZh-ln-X-]-Imcw k`sb \bn-°p∂ tijvT _mhm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬hoc-Km-Y-Iƒ cNn-°m≥ bmt°m-_mb k`sb ssZhw kwK-Xn-bm-°-s -sb∂pw tijvT-_m-hmbv°v I¿Ømhv Zo¿Lm-bp- pw, Btcm-Kyhpw \¬In ]cn-]m-en-°-s -sb∂pw \nco-£-I≥ ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

]pc-kvImcw e`n-®pXpcp-Ønπn sk‚ v tacokv henb ]≈n-bn¬ 50 h¿jw k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-\mbntkh\w A\p-jvTn-®-Xn\v Xpcp-Øn-am-en¬ Sn. F. aØm-bn°v tijvT ImtXm-en° _mhm]pc-kvImcw \¬In BZ-cn-®p. Xpcp-Øn-πn-]≈n amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bwKw, ]≈n skI-´-dn,sk‚ v tacokv Nmcn-‰-_nƒ & FUyp-t°-j-W¬ skmssk‰n skI-´-dn, k¨tU-kvIqƒslUvam-Ã¿, UnkvSnIv‰v C≥kvs]-IvS¿ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒk¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I≥, ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cp-j≥, sk‚ vta-cokv Nmcn-‰-_nƒ & FUyp-t°-j-W¬ skmssk‰n Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Uv saº¿ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ ]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. sI. F v. C. t_m¿Un¬ \n∂v hnc-an® A°u≠vkv Hmôk¿ BWv.


]cn-ip≤ At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\hpw ae-¶c k`bpwtUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬

BapJw

temI ssIkvXh kaqlwaq∂p ssIkvXh Nn¥m-[m-c-W-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- mWv ÿnXnsNøp-∂-Xv. ]m›mXy ssZh-imkvX Nn¥m-[m-cbv°v ASn-ÿm-\-amb em‰n≥ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS tdmanse Bflnb t\Xr-Xzhpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ kaq-l-ßfpw k`m -Iq-´-ßfpw tN¿∂H∂m-asØ hn`mKw C∂sØ

tdma≥ ImtØm-en°m k`sb ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p.]uckvXy Nn¥m-[m-c-W-Ifpw ssien-Ifpw Ko°vss]XrI ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ss_k‚-bn≥ k`m kaq-l-ßƒ ]gb tIm¨Ã‚n-t\m-∏nƒ]mXn-b¿°m ÿm\-Øns‚ A[n-Im-c-Øn≥ Iogn-em-bn-cp-∂p. C∂sØ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m kaq-l-ßƒDƒs°m-f-fp∂ c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-hpw, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ F∂ AtX hnti-j-W-ßƒ aqewAdn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]q¿∆ Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b≥ (prechalcedonean) k`m kaq-l-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ k`-I-fpsS aq∂m-asØ hn`m-K-hp-am-Wv. Cu aq∂m-asØhn`m-K-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ae-¶c k` Dƒs∏-Sp∂ kpdn-bm\n Hm¿tØm-tUmIvkv k`. ]. At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ BflnI ]c-am-[y-£-Xbn¬ Iogn-ep≈BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k` Dƒs∏sS kºq¿Æ- Iq-Zm-im-_-‘hpw hnizmk sFIy-hp-ap≈ k`-Iƒ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

1. kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`2. Ae-Ivkm≥Un-b≥ (tIm-∏-‰n-Iv) Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`3. Fdn-Xn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`4. A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`5. FtXym-]y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`Cu A©v k`-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ]ucm-WnIhpw

X\na \nd-™-Xp-amb NcnX kvarXn-I-fm¬ kº-∂-hp-amb kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`mw-K-ß-fmWv\Ωƒ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v \ap°v A`n-am-\n-°mw. kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bpsSkhn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ apJy-am-bh Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

1. ]cn-ip≤ ]tXm-kns‚ ss«lnI ]n≥Xp-S¿®-bpsS timX- mbAt¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ ]`mhw

2. I¿Ømhpw injy-∑mcpw kwkm-cn® Ad-amb mj-bpsS X\na \ne-\n¿Øp∂kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn¬ Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ k`m ]mc-º-cyw.

3. Ko°v XØz-imkvX k¶o¿Æ-X-I-fp-sStbm tdma≥ Nn¥m kzm[o-\-ß-fp-sStbm ]›m-Ø-e-an-√msX X\n-a-bnepw sXfn-a-bnepw hnizmk ho£Wßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-imkvX Nn¥m ]≤-Xn-Iƒ

4. I¿Øm-hns‚ c£-Wy-kp-hn-tijw X\n-a-bnepw aqey-Ønepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ kpdn-bm\n ss__n-fns‚ ssIh-im-h-Im-i-°m¿ F∂ \ne-bnepw hnhn[ ]pcm-X\ ]cn-`m-j-I-fp-sSbpw ]Xn-∏p-I-fp-sSbpw kº-∂X \ne-\n¿Øp∂ sshin-jy-am¿∂ss__nƒ ]mc-ºcyw \ne-\n-ev°p∂ k`m hn`mKw

5. InkvXob kmlnXy Ncn-X-Øn¬ Xs∂ A\\y (Unique) ÿm\w hln-°p∂ kpdn-bm\n kmln-Xy-k-º-Øns‚ kar-≤n-sIm≠v kº-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-∂ ssh⁄m-\nI NcnXw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ k`. c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Øn¬ Pohn® ‰mkn-bm≥XpSßn hnip-≤-\m-b- tam¿ At]apw A^m-lmØpw ss__nƒ hymJym-Xm-hmb Znh-∂m-tkymkv _¿…o-_nbpw Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m-cmb Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv sS¬a-lvtd, anJm-tb¬ dmt_m XpS-ßn-b-hcpw kqKnse tam¿ bq°q_v aev]m\pw k¿∆-hn-⁄m-\obkº-∂-\mb _m¿ F_m-bmbpw ]WvUnX ]iw-kbv°v A¿l-\mb 20- mw \q‰m≠nsetam¿ A]w ]mXn-b¿°okpw kakvX cwK-ß-fnepw ]tim-`n-X\pw temI k`mIu¨kn¬ ]kn-U‚p-ambncp∂ tam¿ kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okvhsc-bp≈]tim-`nX \nc-sIm≠v A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb k`

6. k\ym-k˛ kphn-ti-jtLmjW cwKØv AZzo-Xo-b-cmb ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS \o≠]c-º-c-I-fpsS kºØv ÿnXn sNøp∂ k`. Ae-Ivk-¥n-bm-bnse k`-bpsS ]mc-ºcyw ]tXm-kn-s‚ injy-\mb a¿t°m-kn¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ A¿Ωo-\n-b≥k`-bpsS ]mcw`w kpdn-bm\n anj-\-dn-am-cn-em-Wv. C≥Uy-bnse k`-bpsS hf¿-®bpw\ne-\n¬∏pw At¥y-mJy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-Xym-K-ß-fn-em-Wv. t]¿jy-bnse kpdn-bm-\n-k-`bpw At¥ym-Jy≥ k`bpw Htc \mW-b-Øns‚ Ccp-h-i-ß-fn-em-Wv. HcpImeØv ssN\-hsc hym]n-®p-In-S∂ kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-º-cy-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm\ DdhAt¥ym-Jy≥ k` amX-am-Wv. _lvssd≥, JØ¿ XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬t]mepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS km∂n[y kqN-\-Iƒ Ahn-sS-bp≈ ]pcm-X\ tiJ-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-Wv.

At¥ym-Jy≥ Bcm-[\m Ia-ß-fpsS sshin-jvSyhpw sshhn-[y-Xbpw ]WvUn-X-temIw i≤n-®n-´p≈ al-Xz-am-Wv. ]Xo-I-ß-fpsS A¿∞-h-Ømb _lp-e-Xbpwss__nƒ XXz-ß-fpsS i‡-amb ASn-Ø-d-bpw kº-∂-amb ssZh-im-kvX-hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fpsS [\ym-fl-I-Xbpw cmK-kp-µ-c-amb kwKo-X-k-ºØv A\n¿h-N-\o-b-am-Wv.

taev]-d™ tijvT-X-Iƒ IqSmsX At¥ym-Jy≥ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS al-Xz-ßƒ a‰p ]e-Xp-ap-s≠-¶nepw Cu teJ-\-]-cn-t]-£y-Øns‚ ]cn-anXn aqew At¥ym-Jym-knw-lm-k-\-Øns‚ ]ucm-Wn-I-Xbpw Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]mcw-`hpw ae-¶-c-k`m_‘hpw amXw kq£va-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-hm-\mWv ChnsS ]cn-i-an-°p-∂-Xv.

A-t¥ymJym: Ncn-X-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬]pcm-X\ kndn-bm-bnse (C-t∏mƒ S¿°n-bn¬) A‚m-°nb F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]pcm-

X-\-]-´-Ww. bh-\-˛-tdmam kmam-Py-ß-fpsS ImeØv G‰hpw ][m\ ]´-W-ß-fn-sem-∂m-bn-cp∂p CXv. ssIkvXh Ime-L- -Øn¬ C-sXmcp _u≤nI tIµ-ambn Xocp-IbpwF. Un. 4˛mw \q‰m-t≠msS G‰-hpw -]-[m\ ssZh-imkvX tIµ-ambn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp.]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ a°m-_n-b-cpsS ]pkvX-I-ß-fn-emWv Cu ÿew ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. skeqIy≥ cmPy-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-amb At¥ym-Jy-bn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp-∂p blq-Z¿s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ BI-a-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. (hn.-KŸw 1 a°m-_n-b¿: 3: 37, 4: 35)

cmPm-hmb A¥n-tbm-°-kns‚ tijw nen∏v cmPm-[n-Imcw ]nSn-®-S-°m≥ ian-®-t∏mƒssk\ym-[n-]-\mb enUn-bmkv Abmsf tXmev]n-®Xpw (a°m. 6: 36) CuPo]vXv cmPm-hmb tSmfan Ggm-a≥ Inco-S-[m-cWw \S-Øn-bXpw (a°m. 11: 13) cmPm-hmb sZa-Xn-tbm-kns\ Xm^n-tbm≥ tXmev]n-®Xpw (1-a-°. 11: 56) Cu ]´-W-Øn¬ h®m-Wv.

]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ At∏m. 11: 19 emWv At¥ymJym BZy-ambn ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. kvtX^m-t\m-kns‚ ac-W-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v NnX-dn-°-s∏- -h¿ At¥ym-Jy-bn¬ sN∂-Øn. Ch-cpsS ]kwKw aqew At\-I¿ am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sbcp-itew k` _¿∂-_m-kns\ Atßm-´-b-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.(-A-t∏m.11:22) _¿∂-_mkv ]utemkv«olmsb X¿kqkn¬ \n∂pw hnfn®p hcpØn (A-t∏m. 11: 26) ]utemkv «olm-bpsSkphn-ti-j-tLm-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv ChnsS h®m-Wv. At¥ym-Jym-bn¬ h®mWvInkvXp injy¿ BZy-ambn InkvXym-\n-I-sf∂v hnfn-°-s∏-´-Xv. (A-t∏m. 11: 26)

Chn-SpsØ k` kmam\yw [\n-I-am-bn-cp-s∂∂pw (A-t∏m. ]h. 11: 27, 13:1) hy‡-am-Wv. Ch-cmWv ]utemkv «olm-sbbpw _¿_m-kn-s\bpw kphn-ti-j-th-e-bv°mbnAb-bv°p-∂Xv (A-t∏m. 13: 2) Rß-fpsS ZuXy-Øns‚ ê-k-ar-≤n-sb-∏‰n Ccp-hcpwAt¥ym-Jym-bnse k`sb Adn-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. (A-t∏m. 14: 24˛27) Kem. 2: 1˛21) hsc-bp≈ `mKsØ kw`hw ]cn-tO-Z\ kw_-‘n® hnhmZw \S-∂-Xv. At¥ym-Jym-bnseh®m-Wv. (]-tXmkv At¥ym-Jy-bn¬ h∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw Cu mKØv 11- mw hmIy-Øn¬]d-bp-∂p. Xs‚ c≠mw t]jnX bmXbv°p tijhpw ]utemkv At¥ymJymbn¬FØp-∂p. (A-t∏m. 18; 22) (ss__nƒ \nL≠p t]Pv 18, 19, s]m¥n- n-°¬ C≥Ãn‰yq vBeph 1997)

tXmw]vk¨ sNbv≥ d^-d≥kv ss__nƒ skmssk‰n Hm^v C¥ym ]kn-≤o-I-cWw (t]Pv 1725) ]d-bp-∂-Xn-]-Im-c-am-Wv. ""Hmtdm¨‰nkv \ZnbpsS ]Sn-™mtd XocØv,bcp-i-te-an¬ \n∂pw GI-tZiw ap∂qdv ssa¬ AI-se-bmbn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Cu ÿe-Øp-h-®mWv InkvXp-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Isf BZy-ambn InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂v hnfn-®-Xv. Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpw hS°pw sX°pw IqSn-t®-cp∂ Cu X¥-]-[m-\-amb ÿe-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw hmWnPy ][m-\yhpw kpµ-c-hp-amb ]›m-Ø-ehpw aqew ]mNo\ImeØv "]uckvXy cm⁄n' F∂v CXns\ hnfn-®n-cp∂p 1932 ¬ ]n≥Ã¨ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰nbpw ^m≥knse tZiob ayqkn-bhpw tN¿∂ \S-Ønb ]cy-th-jWØns‚XpS¿∂p-h∂ Bdp h¿j-ß-fn-embn Ccp-]-Xn-e-[nIw XI¿∂ ssZhm-e-b-ßfpw At\IwIpfn-ÿ-e-ßfpw (Bath) c≠v skan-tØ-cn-Ifpw Hcp tÃUn-bhpw ]e AXn-c-a-Wo-b-amb _lp-h¿Æ ]X-e-ßƒ aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v Is≠-Øn. ]utem-kns‚ hmXn-en\pkao]w ""\nß-fpsS hc-hn¬ kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-I-s´. CXn-te°p t\m°p-∂-h-cnepw ChnsShkn-°p-∂-h-cnepw kt¥m-jhpw A\p-K-lhpw D≠m-I-s´.'' F∂ enJn-Xhpw Is≠-Øn.

G‰hpw DtZz-K-P-\-I-amb Is≠-Ø¬, GXm-bm-epw, Hscm‰ sh≈n-∏m-fn-bn¬sImØn-sb-SpØ at\m-l-c-am-b, Hcp Imkm-bmWv. ap¥n-cn-h-≈n-Iƒ sImØnb ]Xo-Im-fl-I-amb CXns‚ ]pdØv 12 t]¿ Ccn-°p∂ NnXw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv InkvXphpw 11injy-∑m-cp-am-sW∂v ]ecpw IcpXn hcp-∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw hfsc ]pcm-X-\-amb Hcphnip≤ Xncp-ti-jn-∏m-Wn-Xv. Nne¿ Icp-Xp-∂Xv A¥y-A-Øm-g-Øn¬ I¿Ømhpw injy-∑mcpw D]-tbm-Kn® Imkm-bmWv CsX-∂m-Wv. \memw/ A©mw \q‰m-≠nse BWn-sX-∂mWv qcn-]£ ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At¥ymJy≥ Imkm (Chalice of Antoich)F∂ t]cn¬ hnJym-X-amb CXv C∂v \yqtbm¿°n¬ kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ss__nƒ ]›m-Ø-e-Ønepw ]pcm-hkvXp Kth-jW shfn-®-Ønepw ]kn-≤-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂ Cu ssIkvXh tIµ-sØ-°p-dn®v ]Ya k`m-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mbbutk-_n-tbmkv apX¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ tcJ-Iƒ kar-≤-ambn e`y-am-Wv.butk-_n-tbm-kns‚ k`m-N-cnXw 3˛mw mKw 22- mw A≤ymbw At¥ym-Jym-bnse _nj-∏m-bn-cp∂ C·m-\mØn-tbm-kns\Ipdn®v ]cm-a¿in-°p-tºmƒ ap≥Km-an-bmbn G-thm-tZm-kn-tbm-kn-s\bpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. (Nicene Fathers II, I page 149)hnip≤ sPtdmwH∂m-asØ At¥ym-Jym-bpsS A[y-£-\mbn ]tXmkv At∏m-kvX-es\ Nq≠n-°m-W-

]pcm-X-\-amb At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ Bÿm-\-amb S¿°n-bnse At¥ym-Jym-bnse ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhv Znhy-_en A¿∏n-°p-∂p.

tijw 17˛mw t]Pn¬

°p-∂p-≠v. Foot note No. I of Chapter 24, Book 4 'Church History of Eusebius (NPNFII, I page 202) At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ tam¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kns‚ 61-˛mw]kw-K-Øn¬ ""Pdp-ktew Ign-™m¬ temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ ssIkvXh k`-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ At¥ym-Jy≥ k -bmWv BZysØ k`. hnip≤ ]tXm-kns\ CS-b\pw \mY\pwÿm]-I-\p-ambn kzoI-cn-∏m-\p≈ alm-`mKyw At¥ym-Jy≥ k`-bv°p-≠m-bn.'' F∂p]d-bp-∂p. (Quoted by H.E Abraham Mor Clemis Metropolitan, News from SeemaOct. 1968) temI-]-ikvX ]WvUn-X-\m-b -tUm. ]utemkv tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv..... C≥Uy-bn-ep-f-f-h-cmb \mw Cu t]Snbm¿t°-‰n-ep-ffhcm-Wv. At¥ym-Jym-bpsS B ]mc-º-cy-a-√msX Hcp ImeØv ssN\bpw sImdn-bbpw hsc Gjy-bn-ep-S-\ofw hym]n-®n-cp∂ al-Ømb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-a-√msX \ΩpsS ]pcm-X\ ]mc-ºcyw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°m≥ as‰mcp Bÿm-\-hp-an√ Xs∂.'' News fromSeema P. 24 Oct. 1918 ) XnI™ ]WvUn-X\pw kpdn-bm\n kmln-Xy-Øn¬ hn⁄-\p-am-bn-cp∂ amS-∏m v bm°q_v tam¿ bq-entbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\sØIpdn®v ""At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn\v hnhn[ h¿K-ß-fn-ep-≈-h-cmbn Ing-°p≈ kIe ssIkvX-h-cpsS taepw A[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu A[n-Imc koasbF. Un. 325 ¬ \nJym kp∂-l-tZmkv AXns‚ Bdm-asØ \n›-b-Øm¬ ÿocn-I-cn-®p. 381- se IpkvX¥o-t\m-t]m-eokv kp∂-l-tZmkv AXns‚ c≠mw \n›b-Øm¬ CXvDd-∏n-®p. Cu knwlm-k\w tdmam kmam-Py-Øns‚ ]q¿∆-Zn-°n¬ AXns‚ i‡n-bnepwD∂-Xn-bnepw ]¥≠v saX-mt∏m-eo-Ø≥ CS-h-I-Iƒ taepw 137 F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ CS-h-I-I-fn-t∑epw A[n-Im-c-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv kndn-bm, t^mbn-\n-Iym, Atd_y]tZ-i-ßƒ, t]¿jy, C≥Uy Cu ]tZ-i-ß-fnse F∏n-kvtIm-∏m-∑m-cpsS Cu knwlm-k-\-Øn\v tae-[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kpdnbm\n k` Hcp ImeØv ssN\ apX¬Du¿t«apw ssk]kpw hsc hym]n-®n-cp-∂p.'' (k-ap-Zm-b-anXw Vol I, No. 5, Oct. 27-1972, page 10)

1905 ¬ ae-¶-c-bpsS butk v tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbmSpw ]WvUnX ]ap-J-\mb C. Fw. ^nen-∏ns‚ ]th-inI ]kvXm-h-\-tbmSpwIqSn. ]n. hn. butk v siΩm-i≥ tijvT _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZzoXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS ]nXm-hv) cNn®v tIm´bw am¿tØmΩm A®q-Iq-S-Øn¬ \n∂pw]kn-≤o-I-cn® ]q¿∆n-I-k`m ]nXm-°-∑mcpw s]mXp kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Ifpw F∂]pkvXIw At¥ym-Jymsb kw_-‘n®v hni-Z-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. (t]-Pv. 40-˛51)

""At¥ymJym Hmd‚kv \Zo-Xo-cØv \n∂pw 40 Dw Du¿t«-an¬ \n∂pw hS°pwap∂qdpw ssa¬ AIse ÿm]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]´-W-am-Wv. AXv anin-lmbv°vap∂q-dp-h¿j-Øn\p apºv skeq-°-kn-\m¬ tK°p alm-cm-Py-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-ambnDb¿Ø-s∏-´p. Xs‚ ]nXm-hmb A¥n-tbm-°-kns‚ t]cn≥]-Imcw AXn¬""At¥ymJym'' F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNbvXp. AXv qX-Im-e-Øn¬ aq∂m-asØ ]´-W-am-bn-cp-∂p... InkvXob _me-k- -bpsS BZn-bn¬ Du¿t«w GXp-]-Imcw k¿∆-k- -Iƒ°pwaqe-ÿm-\-am-bn-cp-∂pthm AXp-t]mse ZznXob k`-bmb At¥ym-Jymbpw k¿∆InkvXob k`bv°pw aqe-ÿm-\-ambn h∂p.... injy-∑m¿ BZyw At¥ym-Jy-bn¬ h®pInkvtXymt\ (In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ) F∂v hnfn-°-s∏- p.... kphn-ti-j-th-ebv°p aqe-ÿm-\-ambn h∂Xv kndnb, Za-kv°-kv, Dd-lm-bn, Xq¿, ae¶c BZn-bmb alm-bn-S-h-I-IƒAt¥ymJym tae-≤y-£-Xsb BZnapX¬t° A\p-k-cn-®p-t]m-∂p.... «ol-∑m-cn¬ Xe-h-\mb hnip≤ ]tXmkv At¥ymJym taev]-´-°m¿ hnip≤ ]tXm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ AsX. C∂pw tIc-fob kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS A≤y-£-ÿm\w At¥ym-Jymbn¬\n∂p Xs∂ \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p.

At¥ym-Jym-bpsS A[n-Im-cm-Xn¿Øn-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂ km£y-ßfpw it≤-b-am-Wv. ""tdmam-km-am-Py-Øn-\-∏pdw Im¬Zym, C≥Uym F∂o cmPy-ß-fn≥taepwAt¥ym-Jymbv°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At¥ym-Jym-bnse t]jI¿ ssN\m-bpsSAXn¿Øn -Iƒh-scbpw InkvXp -aXw ]kw-Kn -® -Xmbpw ImWp -∂p.''(F≥sskt¢m]oUnb _n´m-\n°m 9th Edition Vol. II P. 154) a¿tUm°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ønb samj-bn-aos‚ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v F¢n-kn-bm-Ãn-°¬ lnÃdn F∂ KŸ-Øn¬, ""At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°m CS-h-I-bpsS A[n-Im-c-koa ]mNo\ Ime-ß-fn¬]uckvXy CS-hI apgp-h-\nepw amX-a√ Gjy-bnse tdmam kmamPy koa-sbbpwAXn-ew-Ln®v C≥Uym hscbpw hym]n-®n-cp-∂p. (New York- 1985 Vol. page 232, 234)Xr»q-cnse ImtØm-en°m _nj-∏m-bn-cp∂ tUm. saUven-t°m´v India & Apostle Tho-mas F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ C]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂p. InkvXm_vZw 139 ¬skeq-Iy˛ Ivs‰kn-t^m¨ _nj-∏mb bn°q-_ns‚ A¥y BKlw A\p-k-cn®v Atlm-Zm-_p-bnbpwtImwtb-iphpw At¥ym-Jym-bn-te°v Ab-bv°-s∏-´p. Ah-cn¬ Hcmsf (A-t¥ym-Jym-bnse _nj-∏v) sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv (bm-t°m-_n-s‚) ]n≥Km-an-bmbn \nb-an-°p-hm-\-sX.Fs¥-∂m¬ A°m-eØv ]m_-ey-Øn¬ Ccp∂ sshZnI \S-∏-\p-k-cn®v (]u-c-kvXy)CS-h-Ibv°p _nj-∏ns‚ ssII-fm¬ hmgn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. (1905 Chapter II, Page18) _nójv anj-\-dn-bmbncp∂ t¢mUn-bkv _p°m-\≥ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Imcpw kpdn-bm-\n-°mcpw XΩn¬ \S∂ kw`m-jWw D≤cn®v hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-]-Im-c-am-Wv. Ign™1300 h’-c-°mew kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿°v At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\m¬ \nb-an-°-s∏´ saXm≥am¿ XpS¿®-bm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂psh∂v bptdm-]y≥ ]mZn-am¿ (t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿) I≠-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v IqSp-X¬ A¤pXw tXm∂n (Buchanan, ChristianReachears in Asia P. 147 ) (1812)

bYm¿∞ At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°okv Bcv ?

At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°okv F∂ t]cn¬ At\-I-cp-s≠∂pw Ah-cn¬ HcmƒamX-amWv kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]mXn-b¿°o-sk∂pw Nne ImtXm-ent°mkvI£n Fgp-Øp-Imcpw Nne ItØm-en°m Fgp-Øp-Imcpw Fgp-Xm-dp-≠v. CsX-°p-dn®vae-¶c aev]m≥ IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ tUm. Ipcy≥ tIm¿-F∏nkvtIm∏ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv i≤n-°p-I.

“hn. ]tXmkv «olm apX¬ hn. tkth-dn-tbmkv hsc XpS¿∂p t]m∂ AtX]mX-bn¬IqSn hnip≤ tkth-dntbm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-fmbn Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m≠v hsc\nJym- \n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn®v Xs∂ At¥ym-Jym-bp-sSbpw Ing-s°m-s°-bp-sSbpw ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m-cmbn hmgp∂ bmt°m-_mb ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m¿.

hn. tkth-dn-tbmkv knwlm-k\mcq-U-\m-bn-cns° At±-lsØ \mSp-I-SØn cmPklm-b-tØmsS ÿm\w A]-l-cn® sa¬°m-b-°m¿ ˛ Ah¿ 11-˛mw \q‰m-≠p-ap-X¬Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m¿? (Ahtcm IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t]m-eo-kns\ Zmk-∑m-cpw. aqtdm≥ IqZmi sNøp-hm≥ t]mepw A[n-Im-c-an-√m-Ø-h-cpw).

ta¬]-d™ Ko°p-Im-cn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]´p tdmam-bn¬ tN¿∂v 1728 ¬ Bcw-`n® sa¬°mb ]mXn-b¿°o-kv. Ct±-l-Øn\v At¥ymJym Ae-Ivk-¥ym- ap-X-emb`q]-S-Øn-ep≈ k¿∆ ] -W-ß-fp-sSbpw ]mXn-b¿°m ÿm\-ap-s≠-¶nepw tdmam ]m∏m-bpsS shdp-samcp krjvSn.

1182 ¬ D≠mb tamdm-\mb ]mXn-b¿°okv Cu ÿm\w tdmam ]m∏m-bpsStIh-e-amb kuP-\y-Zm\w 1100¬ D¤-hn®v 1268 ¬ Ah-km-\n-®-tijw tdmam-bn¬hni-an-°p∂ eØo≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv

1783 ¬ D¤-hn-®Xpw kndn-bm-bnepw ]e-kvXo-\nepw \n∂v tdmam k`-bn¬ tNcp-∂-hsc t\m°pI F∂ tPmen-bn¬ Ccn-°p∂ kpdn-b\n ]mXn-b¿°okv

Ch-cn¬ BcmWv bXm¿∞ ]mXn-b¿°okv F∂v \njv]-£-ambn hmbn-°p-∂-

h¿ hn[n-°s´” ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k` NcnXw Page 147, 8 (1950)At¥ymJym ka-Im-enI km£y-ßƒio. F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cy¿ No^v FUn-‰¿ Bbn Un. kn.-_pIvkv ]kn-≤o-I-

cn® AJne hn⁄m-\-tImiw hmeyw 1 t]Pv 179 ¬ "At¥ymJym' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Ipdn∏v it≤-b-am-Wv.

""At¥ymJym (kn-dn-b) kndn-bm-bn-ep≈ Hcp ÿew. tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂ t]cn BZy-ambn e`n-®Xv Cuÿ-e-Øp-h-®m-Wv.sbdp-i-te-an\v \miw kw`-hn-®-Xp-sIm≠v InkvXob ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kncm-tIµwAt¥ymJym Bbn-Øo¿∂p. At¥ym-Jy≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ Iogn-ep≈ Hcp k`tIcfØnep-≠v.

At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kp-am¿At¥ymJym tIµ-ambn ]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse ]mXn-

b¿°o-kp-am¿ hnip≤ ]tXm-kns‚ ]n≥Xp-S¿®-°m-cm-Wv. _m¿ F_mbm (1226˛ 1286)sb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n A]-K-Yn-®m¬ 145˛m asØ ]mXn-b¿°o-kmWv Ct∏mƒ D≈Xv(km-Jm H∂m-a≥) ''Fd-Wm-Ipfw AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS aX-t_m-[\ hIp-∏n¬ \n∂pw H≥]-Xmw-¢m-knse A\p-_‘ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ambn ]kn-≤o-I-cn® dh. tUm. tPm¿÷v hnX-b-Øn¬ Fgp-Xnb tIcf k`m NcnX ]T-\-Øn\v Hcp BapJw F∂ IrXn-bn¬(t]Pv 6) Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. ""hntZi k`-I-fp-ambn kulr-Z-Øn-em-bn-cp∂Xv ItaWhf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]uckvXy k`m-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ apgp-h-s‚bpw A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ At¥ymJym ]mSn-bm¿°v ]uckvXy cmPy-ß-fn¬s∏´ F√m k -I-fp-sSbpw A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v At¥ymJym ]mSn-bm¿°v t]¿jy-bp-sSbpw C≥Uy-bp-sSbpw saXm-t∏m-eoØ F∂p-IqSn Xs‚ HutZym-KnI \ma-tØm-Sp-IqSn tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu A[n-Imcw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-ambn ÿm]n-°-s∏- n-cp-∂n-√. tIc-f-Ønsek -bn¬ Bh-iy-amb saXm-∑msc Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p F∂p-am-Xw. ]uckvXy \mSp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw I®-h-S-Øn\pw a‰p-ambn tIc-f-Øn-te°v h∂-h-cn¬ InkvXym-\n-IfpwD≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw Cu A[n-Im-c-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn\v t]c-I-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.''

tUm. Un. _m_p-t]mƒ 1986 ¬ Fgp-Xn ioam≥ Sn.-]n. amXyp ]kn-≤o-I-cn®The Orthodox Christian of St. Thomas F∂ IrXn-bn¬ H∂mw t]Pn¬ ^m. _oUvKn^vØns\ D≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn-]-Im-c-am-Wv.

''The Syrian Church in India.... is the remnant of a once great and gloriouschurch, which extended its sway from Anioch on the shores of Mediterranean rightacross Asia to India and China..... Its Importance for Christndom as a whole remainsvery great, both because of the beauty and antiquity of its prayers and rites, andbecause it is the one surviving link with the ancient Aramais Church, which was themother Church of all christendom''

]kvXpX ]pkvI-Øns‚ Xs∂ 28-˛mw t]Pn¬ ae-¶c k`-bpsS At¥ym-Jy≥_‘sØ°pdn®v io. F¬. sI A\-¥-IrjvW Aøsc D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv C]-Im-c-am-Wv.

It has been conclusively established that the Patriach of Antioch is the Para-mount ecclesiastical authority over the see of malankara, and that for a Person tobecome a properly qualified Metran of that see, the essentials are that he should beconscrated by the said Patriarch or by some bishop authorized by him. No doubt,there were certain instance where these essentials were wanting. ''Exceptions Onlygoes to prove the rule''. and such exceptions cannot be treated as evidencing anydesire on the part of the Syrian community to repudiate the patriarches supremacy orthe teachings of their Church.

tIc-f-Øns‚ kmkv°mcnI NcnXw Fgp-Xnb tUm. ]n. sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥Memoire of the survey, Ward and Corner P. 146 D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.

F. Un. 345¬ (sk‚ v tXma-kv) A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS ta¬ \ma-am-X-amb A[n-Imcw hln-®n-cp∂ At¥ym-Jym-bnse ]mXn-b¿°okv Hcp [\nI hWn-Kz-\m-bn-cp∂Im\mbv tXmam-bpsS am¿§-Z¿in-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp _nj-∏n-s\bpw GXm\pw ]mXn-cn-am-scbpw472 InkvXy≥ IpSpw-_-ß-sfbpw Ctßm-´-b-®p. A∂p cmPyw-hm-Wn-cp∂ tNc-am≥s]cp-amƒ Ahsc kulm¿Z]q¿∆w kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Ahsc sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ IpSn-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øn\v kwc-£Ww \evIp-Ibpw Nne hnti-jm-[n-Im-c-ßfpw _lp-a-Xn-Ifpw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw Ah¿°v \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\bYm-k-abw e`n® kwc-£-W-Øns‚ e-ambn hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ Ah-ti-jn-®n-cp∂h-cpsS a\ v Zo]vX-ambn Xo¿∂p. At¥ym-Jym-bnse ]mXn-b¿°okv XpS¿®-bmbn _nj-∏p-amsc Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1498 ¬ t]m¿®pKokpIm¿ hcp-∂-Xp-hsct\XrXzw \evIn h∂Xv (P. 214 January 2000 edition)

bp‡hpw hy‡-hp-amb NcnX tcJ-I-fpsS ]n≥_-e-Øn¬ ae-¶c k`-bpsS]q¿∆nI Ncn-X-_-‘-Øn¬ At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\hpw ]mXn-b¿°okpw \n w-ibwBflnb tkmX- m-bn-cp∂p F∂v sXfn-bp-∂p. kzX-¥˛ kzb io¿jI hmZ-ßƒs°√mw A¥na hn[n Iev]n®v _lp. kp]ow tImSXn 1995 Pq¨ 20˛mw XobXn]Jym-]n® `qcn-]£ hn[n \ymb-Øn¬ P. hn. ]n. Poh≥ sdÕn, P. kplmkv kn.sk≥ F∂n-h¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv IqSn D≤-cn®v Cu teJ\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

""ImtXm-en-t°‰v ]p\-cp-≤-cn-®Xpw F. 14 Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®Xpw 1934 `cWLS\ kzoI-cn-®Xpw hgn-bmbn ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ A[n-Imcw AkvX-a\ _nµp-hn-te°v Npcp-ßn-bn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ ae-¶c k`-IqSn Hcp LS-I-ambn Dƒs°m-≈p∂kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£-\mbn At±lw XpS-cp-∂p. ae-¶c k`bpsS-taepwAXns‚ kzØp-°-fp-sS-ta-ep-ap≈ ùXn-Im-[n-Imcw Hcn-°epw Bkz-Zn-®n-ń-s√-¶nepwBflnIambn At±lw ImtXm-en-°mbv°v tatebm-Wv. (He is Spirituallly superior tothe Catholicose)

16˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂pw XpS¿®]cn-ip≤ At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\hpw.........


Rßƒ°p-th≠n At]-£n-t°-Wta

I≠-\mSv hn. a¿Øa-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

]pWy-t«m-I-\mb iI≈m tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv a^n-bm-\sb

hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p


Ncn-X-ap-d-ßp∂ I≠-\mSv ]ffn

G. Un. 775 ¬ hnip-X-\mb Imen^ lmcp¨˛A¬-˛-dm-joZv a≤y-]q¿t∆-jy-bpsS `c-Wm-[n-]-\m-bn. Imen-^-bpsS \n¿_-‘-Øm¬ A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ I®-h-S-°m¿ F∂p Ncn-X-Øn¬]d-bp-∂ Dd-lm-bnse A¥m-cmjvS hym]m-cn-I-fmb kndn-b≥ I®-h-S-°m¿ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ h∂p-tN¿∂p. G. Un. 775 se Cchn tIm¿Ø≥ sNt∏Sv AYhm hoc-cm-L-h-∏-´bws]cp-amƒ sImSp-ØXv Ch¿°m-Wv. Ah-cnse Hcp hn`mKw A∂sØ DZbwt]cq¿ Xpd-ap-J-Øn\v hS-°p-In-g°v mK-Øp≈ ]≈n-a-e-bn¬ Hcp ]≈nbpw Aßm-Snbpw ÿm]n-®p.I≠-\mSv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bpsS Bcw`w Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

I≠-\mSv ]≈n tIµ-am°n k`m- -cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ a¿tØmΩ \mem-a≥, 1728 ao\w 13 \vImew sNøp-Ibpw Cu ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßp-IbpwsNbvXp.

]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bm¬ Ab-°-s∏´ iI≈m am¿ _tk-en-tbmkv a^n-bm\ 1754taSw 14\v sIm®n-bn¬ FØp-Ibpw I¿°-SIw 3\vI≠-\mSv ]≈nbnte°v BtLm-j-]q¿∆w sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp. am¿tØmΩ A©m-a≥ ssIh∏phmßmsX amdn \S-∂-Xn-\m¬ IqsS h∂ bqlm-∂m≥ Iio-isb iI≈ _mh 1552 taSw 30 \v Cu]≈n-bn¬ h®v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®p. alm ]cn-ip-≤-\mb iI≈ am¿ _tk-en-tbmkva]n-bm\ 1764 Xpemw 9 \v a´m-t©cn ]≈nbn¬ h®pImew sNøp-Ibpw Cu ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßp-IbpwsNbvXp.

G. Un. 1875 ¬ ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂ ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh Cu]≈n-bn-S-h-I-bn¬s∏´ Ic-h´p hoń¬ sia-hq≥ dºms\ 1877 sabv 17 \v Ip∂w-Ipfw Nnd-fbw ]≈n-bn¬ h®v sia-hq≥ am¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ sIm®n `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®p. Cu Xncp-ta\n 1886 HIvtSm-_¿ I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bn¬ h®p Imew sNøp-Ibpw ISpw-aw-Kew sk‚ v t]mƒkv B≥Uv sk‚ v ]ot‰gvkv]≈n-bn¬ AS°w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apf¥pcpØn sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xma-k-am-°nbI≠-\mSv sXmgp-∏m-S≥ IpSpw-_-Ønse ]utemkv dºms\ 1908 taSw 18 \v a¿±o-\n¬ h®vtam¿ A_vtZZv temtlm ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh, ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-temkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®p. 1911˛17 ImeØv Ct±lw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn. 1917 [\p 1 \v Xncp-ta\n Imew sNøp-Ibpw ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ AS-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. 1912 ¬ saXm≥I-£n-°m¿ £Wn-®p-h-cp-Ønb ÿm\- -jvS-\m-°-s∏´ A_vZpƒaninl ]mXn-b¿°okv Cu CS-h-I-bnse Ic-h´p hoń¬ bpbm°ow dºms\ bpbm°owam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ saXm-\mbn hmgn-®p. Cu CS-h-I-bn¬s∏´ ]p√ym-´p-Xp-I-e≥ kvIdn-bm-d-ºm≥ Zo¿L-Imew At¥ymJym hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I-\mbn tkh\wsNbvXp. 1968 Unkw-_¿ 30\v Ct±lw Ncaw ]m]n-°p-Ibpw ate-°p-cnip Zb-dm-bn¬ AS-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2001 P\p-hcn 17\v Cu CS-h-I-bnse Bep-¶¬ amXyqkv dºms\ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∂ \ma-Øn¬ I≠-\mSv `Zm-k-\-Øns‚saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®p. bmt°m-_mb k` ]pXp-Xmbn cq]o-I-cn® CSp°n Zm-k-\-Øns‚ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn ^m. tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv Sn. F_-lm-ans\ F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv Xnc-s™-Sp°pIbpw ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Ipdn-bm-t°mkv am¿¢oaokv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ 2008 BKÃv 24 \v hmgn-®p sNbvXp. -Ibpw sNbvXp.. Ct±lw]p√ym-´p-Xp-I-e≥ G_-lmw-˛-km-dmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI-\m-Wv.

ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k`sb tabn®p cn® \mem-asØ am¿tØmΩm1728 ¬ Imew sNbvXv I≠-\mSv a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]n≥Km-an-bmbn h∂ A©m-asØ am¿tØmΩ saXms‚ ÿm\wssIs°m-≈-s∏-Sp-∂-X-s√∂v _lp-P\w IqSn \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw At¥ym-Jym-bn¬ \n∂v ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ]Xn-\n-[nsb hcpØn ÿm\w XnI-bv°-W-sa∂v U®v Iº-\n-°m-tcmSv At]-£n-s®-¶nepw \S-∏m-ImsX Ccp-∂-t∏mƒ lkv°n-b≥ dm_n F∂ Hcp blqZ I®-h-S-°m-cs‚ ip]m¿i\nanØw Cdm-°nse _kbn-en-cn-°p∂ bmt°m-_mb saXm-t∏m-en-Ø-

bmb am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\ I®-h-S-°m-c-\mb At¥m-Wn-tbmkv iΩms‚ Dcp-hn-temIb‰n ae-¶-c-bn¬sIm≠p h∂p.A°m-e-ß-fn¬ \S-∏n -em -°n -bn -cp∂kpdn-bm\n hnizm-k-ßƒ°v hncp-≤-amb Nne BNm-cm-\ p -j v T m - \ -ßƒ\n¿Ø¬ sNøm≥At±lw Xoh -ambn ]cn-i-an-®p.B c p - s S b p wCjvSsØ hI

shbv°msX Hmtcmtcm Ia-t°-Sp-Isf \o°p-∂-Xn\v hfsc D’m-ln-®p. Cu ]hrØnaqew A©m-w am¿tXm-a-bp-sSbpw ]am-Wn-am-cp-sSbpw tIm]-Øn\v At±lw ]mX-hm-\m-bn´v Xo¿∂p.

A©mw am¿tXma At¥ym-Jy≥ ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf Ab®p Xc-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠p≈ IØv ]mXn-b¿°n-kns‚ t]¿°v ChnsS hcp∂ I®-h-S-°m¿ hiw ]e-h´wsImSp-Ø-b-®n-´p-≠v. Cu IØp-I-sf√mw e£y-ÿm-\Øv FØ-W-sa-∂n-√-t√m. \memwam¿tXma I≠-\mSp \n∂pw At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°n-kn\v 1709 epw 1715 epw Ab-®-I-Øp-Iƒ e£y-ÿm-\-sØ-ØmsX C∂pw tlmf-≠nse dm∏n≥ _p¿Kn-ep≈ sseU≥ k¿∆-I-em-ime sse_-dn-bn¬ kq£n-®n-´p-≠v.

am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kp-ambn CS¿®-bn-emb am¿tØmΩ ap≥]v ]d™ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv siΩm-i≥ ho≠pw sIm®n-bn-se-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-∂-dn™v At±-l-hp-ambn Btem-N\\S-Øp-Ibpw Bb-Xn\v Ct∏m-gsØ ae-¶-c-bpsS kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ]mWvUn-Xyhpw Zo¿L-£-a-X-bp-ap≈ Hcp ta¬∏- -°m-c-s\-bm-W-h-iy-sa∂pw G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-\mb Hcmƒ s_dp-

iIffm tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv a^n-bm-

\bpw bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`bpw

sI.-kn. km_p, Im‰m-Sn-bn¬

tPm¨ ]p∂-®men¬tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏

(hn-Im-cn)

^m. tPm¨]utemkv t]m´-bn¬

^m. jn_n≥ t]mƒs]cp-ºm´v


I≠-\mSv hn. a¿Øa-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mI≠-\mSv hn. a¿Øa-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mI≠-\mSv hn. a¿Øa-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mI≠-\mSv hn. a¿Øa-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mI≠-\mSv hn. a¿Øa-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb iI≈m am¿b iI≈m am¿b iI≈m am¿b iI≈m am¿b iI≈m am¿

_t -en-tbmkv a^n-bm-\sb hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p_t -en-tbmkv a^n-bm-\sb hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p_t -en-tbmkv a^n-bm-\sb hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p_t -en-tbmkv a^n-bm-\sb hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p_t -en-tbmkv a^n-bm-\sb hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p

hm-\-K-cn-bn-en-cp-∏p-s≠∂pw Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ BbXv Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw \nhr-Øn-®p-XcWsa∂vAt¥m-Wn-tbmkv siΩm-t\mSv A©mw am¿tØmΩ apń-∏mbn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXns\FX Xs∂ Nnehp h∂mepw Xm≥ Xs∂ hln-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Dd∏p sImSp-°p-IbpwAt¥ym-Jy≥ ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øn-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v Nne-hm-°p∂ XpI am¿tXmasaXm≥ U®v A[n-Im-cn-Isf G¬∏n-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v U®v Kh¿Æ-dp-ambn DS-ºSn sNbvXe£y-hp-am-bn-´mWv At¥m-Wn-tbmkv siΩm-i≥ Ub-_-°-dn-te°v bmX sNbvX-Xv.

A©mw am¿tXm-abv°pw ZqX-\mb At¥m-Wn-tbmkv siΩ-i\pw CS-bn¬ k`-bpsS Bhiyw \nd-th-‰-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb Hcp a≤y-ÿs‚ \ne-bn-emWv U®vKh¿Æ¿ CXn¬ CS-s]-´-Xv. ta¬]-d™ IØp-I-fp-ambn At¥ym-Jym- ]m-Xn-b¿°n-kns‚Bÿm\w ÿnXn sNøp∂ (C-∂sØ S¿°n-bn-se) Ub-_-°-dn-¬ FØn tN¿∂v ae-¶-c-bn¬ hnti-j-ßƒ ]cn-ip≤ knwlm-k-\sØ Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw Bb-Xn\v IØn¬ ]d-bp∂Bƒ G‰hpw tbmKy-s\∂v t_m≤y-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ 1748 ¬C·m-Øn-tbmkv Koh¿§okv aq∂m-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°n-kv _mh Be-t∏m°v ASp-Øp≈ lmem-_p-Im-c-\mb aqkm A¬ Ipkm_v Pn siΩm-is‚ aI-\mb iI≈m dºm-®s\ hcpØna^n- bm-\-bmbn hmgn-®p. IqSmsX ae-¶-c-bn-ep≈ am¿tXm-Ωmsb am¿ Znh-∂ym-kn-tbmkvF∂ ÿm\ \ma-Øn¬ Hcp saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-°p-hm\pw Xocp-am-\n-®p. AXn-\p-th≠ hSn, apSn, …o_m, kpkvXm-Øn-t°m≥, ae-¶-cbv°p th≠p-∂-Xmb aqtdm≥ XpS-ßn-bh a^n-bm-\sb G¬∏n®p ae-¶-cbv°v Ab-®p.

a^n-bm\ kndn-b-bnse Xs‚ \mń-seØn ae-¶-c-°m-h-iy-amb ]m¿∞\ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw ]≈n-I-a-ßfpw bdp-i-te-an¬ \n∂p≈ Ipcnipw hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS Xncp-ti-jn-∏p-IfpwbmXm-Nn-e-hn-\p≈ 3000 cq]bpw tiJ-cn®v 1749 aIcw 7 \v s_dp-hm-bn¬ \n∂v Ing-t°m´vbmX ]pd-s∏-´p. CtX kabw A]-I--S-I-c-amb Cu \o≠ bmX-bpsS _p≤n-ap-ń-s\-°p-dn®vt_m≤y-ap≈ ]mXn-b¿°n-kp-_mh ssSKokv hgn aqkƒ IqSn _m-Kv±m-Zn\p Ab-®p.a^n-bm\ kndnb Np‰n _mKvZm-Zn-se-Øp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]v ap≥]v Cu kwL-Øn\v _mKvZm-Zn¬ FØn tNcm≥ Ffp-∏-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂o- am¿§w. ]n∂oSv Ch-scm-cp-an-®mWv ae-¶-c-bn-te°v bmX sNbvX-Xv. 2 h¿jhpw 3 amkhpw Ign™v 1751 taSw 23 \v sIm®n-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. (Cu bmXsb Ipdn®v iI-≈m-_m-h-bpsS NcnX ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√).

iIffm a^n-bm-\bpw kwLhpw ae-¶-c-bn-seØn tN¿∂p F∂ hm¿Ø tI´vA©mw am¿tXma kt¥m-jn®v _mhm-∑msc FXn-tc‰v I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bn-te°v sIm≠phcp-hm-\m-bn v GXm\pw IØ-\m-c-∑m-tcbpw Abvta-\n-I-tf-bpw, km[-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn sIm®n°vAb-°p-Ibpw I≠-\mSv th≠p∂ h´-ßsf Hcp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

CuI-Ø-\m-c-∑mcpw Abvta-\n-Ifpw sIm®n-bn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ tImX-aw-K-e-Øp-°m-c≥ s\√n-a-‰Øp IØ-\m¿ aptº _mhsb h∂p ImWp-Ibpw _mh IØ-\m¿°v Xe-N-c®v ]´w sImSp-°p-Ibpw h´-sØm∏n CSp-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. (C-Xp-s]m-ep≈ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ apºv ChnsS h∂n-cn-°p∂ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv _mh sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ am¿tØm-Ωbpw ]am-Wn-amcpw _mhm-tbmSv tN¿®-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m?) Cu ImgvN I≠v IØ-\m≥amcpw kwLhpw H∂pw Adn-bmØ hÆw XncnsI h∂v hnhcw am¿tØm-Ωsb Adn-bn®p ]n∂oSv am¿tØmΩ _mh-∑msc kzoI--cn-°m≥ Iq´m-°n-b-Xp-an-√.

14,15 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ At¥ym-Iy≥ k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS A`m-h-Øn-ep≈ s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ k`-°m-cpsS ae-¶c kwk¿§hpw Ccp-k-`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS mj, thjw, BNm-c-\p-jvTm\w XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-ep≈ kmZr-iy-Ønepw thZ-im-kvX-]m-WvUnXyw th≠-X-bn-√mØae-¶c k`m-a-°ƒ Ime-tI-taW s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ coXn-b-e-I-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wt√m t]m¿´pKokp-Im¿ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv.

15-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øn-tN¿∂ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ 16- mw\q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km\w hsc cmjvSn-b-[n-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn®v Aev]m-ev]-ambpw 1599 seDZw-t]-cq¿ kp\-l-tZm-tkm-Sp-IqSn Bflo-bm-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ ]th-in®v tdmam coXn-Iƒ ASn-t®¬∏n-®-t∏mƒ ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßƒ am‰n adn-bv°s∏´p. 1653se Iq\≥ Ipcn-iv k-Xy-tØmsS t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿°pw tdman\pw ae-¶c kpdn-bm\nk`-bpsS taep≈ Bflo-b-[n-Imcw \o°w sNbvsX-¶nepw am‰n adn-bv°-s∏´ hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßƒ \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂p. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v ]q¿∆-Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ At¥ym-Jy≥coXn-bn-te°v ae-¶-c-k-`sb ]p\:ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ 1665 ¬ h∂ A_vZp¬ Peo¬ am¿Ko-tKm-dn-tbm-kv, 1685 ¬ h∂ sb¬sZm -am¿ _-tk-en-tbm-kv, lnZm-b-Øp≈ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∂o ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS ]cn-i-a-ßƒ `mKo-I-am-bnt´ hnP-b-Øn-se-Øn-bp-≈p. 1748¬ h∂ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv C°m-cy-Øn¬ XnSp°w Imń-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m am¿tØm-Ωm-bp-tSbpw ]am-Wn-am-cp-sSbpw A]o-Xnbv°p Imc-W-am-b-Xv. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wt√miI-ff -a-^n-bm-\bpw kwLhpw 1751 ¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øp-∂Xpw apI-fn¬ ]d™ kwK-Xn-Iƒ \S-°p-∂-Xpw.

_mhm-∑msc sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ U®p-Im-cp-ambn DS-ºSn sNbvX am¿tØmΩm amk-ßƒ Ign-™n´pw Chsc kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ sIm®n-bn-se-ØmsX h∂-t∏mƒ U®p ]´mfw]≈n-°-cbv°v sN∂p CX-dn™ am¿tØmΩ AhnsS \n∂v dmt°-t´bv°pw ]n∂oSv tImX-aw-K-e-tØ-bvI°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂v Ipdp-∏w-]-Sn-bn-te°pw HSp-hn¬ sX°v \nc-W-tØbv°pwHfn®p amdn amdn Xma-kn-®p.

Bh-iy-°m-cpsS Dt]-£-bn¬ Zp:JnX-cmb _mhm-∑m¿ F¥p sNø-W-sa∂v \n›-b-an-√msX sIm®n-tIm- -bn¬ Ign-®p-Iq- n. HSp-hn¬ sIm®n cmPm-hn\v sN∂v ImWp-hm\pw AXn-\p-tijw ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS Bÿm-\-amb I≠-\m-Sn\v t]mIp-hm\pw _mhm-∑msc U®p-Im¿ A\p-h-Zn-®p. Cu hnhcw Adn™ I≠-\m-Sn-S-hI P\-ßƒ Chsc kzoI-cn-®m-\-bn®v I≠-\m-t´bv°v sIm≠p-h-∂p. ae-¶c k`bv°v th≠n ae-¶c k`m t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ Bh-iy-]-Imcw \o≠ 2 1/2 h¿jsØ bmX sNbvXv acp-`q-an-bnse sIm≈-°m-cn¬ \n∂pw IS¬sIm-≈-°m-cn¬ \n∂pw ]Ir-Xn-t£m-`-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tcmK-]o-U-I-fn¬\n∂pw Hcp-hn[w c£-s]´v ae-¶c aÆn¬-FØn tN¿∂-t∏mƒ Xßsf kzoI-cn-t°-≠-h¿AXn\p Xøm-dm-ImsX B¿°pw th≠m-Ø-h-cmbn ]Xo-£-b‰v tIm´-bn¬ ]m¿°p-tºmƒhfsc BtLm-j-]q¿∆w kzoI-cn-®m-\-bn®v sIm≠p h∂ I≠-\m-Sns\ _mh Gsd kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Icp-Xp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv I≠-\mSv Xma-kn®v sIm≠v Np‰p-ap≈ CS-hI kµ¿in®vk`m-a-°sf kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-®p. Xm≥ Imew sNøp-tºmƒ I≠-\mSv Xs∂ I_-d-S°Ww F∂pw BK-ln-®n-cp∂p _mh I≠\mSv hcp∂ kabw Cu ]tZ-i-ßƒ sIm®ncmPy-Øpƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂-t√m. am¿tØm-Ω-bpsS ]£-Øp-≈-h-cn¬ Nnecn¬ \n∂pw_mhmbv°v Nne D]-Z-h-ßƒ G¬t°≠n h∂-t∏mƒ _mh sX°≥ tZi-ß-fn-te°vXmakw am‰p-Ibpw Imbw-Ipfw ImZo-im-]-≈n-bn-en-cp∂psIm≠v Np‰p-ap≈ CS-hI P\-ßsfkµ¿in-®p. Cu Iq´-Øn¬ am¿tØm-Ωsb t\cn¬ ImWp-hm\pw ian-®p. Cu ImeØvXncp-hn-Xm-Iq-dn\pw sIm®n°pw CS-bn-ep≈ \m´p-cm-Py-ßƒ ]nSn-®-S-°n. HSp-hn¬ 1756¬I≠-\mSv Itºmfw Dƒs]-Sp∂ sIm®n-bpsS ]tZ-i-ßƒ ]nSn-s®-SpØv I≠-\m-S-ßm-Sn-b°pw]≈n°pw Gsd \mi-\jvSßƒ hcpØn Cu bp≤-tØm-Sp-IqSn apºv iI-fm-_m-hsb D]-Z-hn® ]e IpSpw-_-ßfpw Cu \mSv hn´v a‰v ]e tZi-ß-fn-te°v ]mem-b\w sNbvXp.I≠-\m-Sns‚ Cu Zp¿K-Xn-b-dn™v _mh sX°≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ho≠pw I≠-\mSvh∂p. ]≈n ]p\-cp-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Itºmfw ]q¿∆-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ ]p\:Iao-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw_mh t\XrXzw sImSp-Øp. CS-hI P\-ß-fpsS Bflo-bhpw ùXo-I-hp-amb D∂-a-\-Øn-\p-th≠n ]b-Xv\n-®p. _mh-bpsS ssIhiw D≠m-bn-cp∂ kºm-Zy-ßƒ Dt]-£n®v GsdIrjn ÿe-ßƒ hmßn ]≈n-bn-te°v apX¬Iqń CXn¬ \n∂v In´p∂ s\√v \m\m PmXnaX-ß-fn¬s∏´ ]ńWn ]mh-ßƒ°v ]™ amk-ß-fn¬ I™n sh®p sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\vG¿∏m-Sm-°n. ]n¬Im-eØv qcn-]-£vI-c-W-\n-baw \S-∏n¬ h∂-tXmsS ]≈n°v Cu Irjn

`qan-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc CXv XpS¿∂p-t]m-∂p. _mh sX°≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-®-t∏mƒ ]≈n-∏pdw XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬ kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS kpJ-s∏-Sm-Xn-cp∂ ]e-cp-sSbpw Akp-J-ßƒ ]m¿∞-\-tbmsS NnIn-’n-®p t`Z-am-°n-b-Xn-ep≈ kt¥m-jhpw _mh-tbm-Sp≈ Xm¬]-cyhpw ]cn-K-Wn®v tdmam-h-g-°-Øn-em-bn-cp∂ C°q-´-¿ Ah-cpsS tZiwhn´v _mhm-tbm-sSm∏w I≠-\m-t´°v Xmakw am‰p-Ibpw Cu CS-h-I-°m-cmbpw Xo¿∂n-´p-≠v.

_mh ]n∂oSv a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ FØn kz¥-am-sbmcp ]≈n hbv°m-\p≈ ÿewAń-t∏¿ hmßn Fcn-an-i-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ ]≈n ]WnXv Xma-kn®v hcp-tºmƒ Ip∂w-IpfwhSt° kmWn-°m-cmb I®-h-S-°m¿ Ip∂w-Ipfw sk‚ v emk-d≥kv ]≈n-bn-te°v IqńsIm≠p-t]mbn _mh AhnsS Gsd \mƒ Xma-kn®v Np‰p-ap≈ ]≈n-I-fn¬ kµ¿in-®p._mh-bpsS ssIhiw D≠m-bn-cp∂ mWvUw I\-I-s]m-Sn-bm-sW-∂mWv I®-h-S-°m-cmb emk-d≥kv ]≈n CS-h-I-°m-cm-b, hSt° kmºn-°m¿ [cn-®-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ _mh-bpsSF√m Nne-hp-Ifpw Ah¿Xs∂ hln-°p-Ibpw I\-I-s]m-Sn-In-ń-tb-°p-sa∂ \nKq-U-tam-l-Øn¬ Ah¿ Ign™p t]m∂p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ _mh At\Iw tcmKn-Isf ]m¿∞\aqew kuJy-am-°n-b-Xmbn Cu CS-h-I-bn-te°pw kao] CS-h-I-bn-te°pw ]q¿∆n-I¿ ]d™phcp-∂p.

Hcp Znhkw _mh, ssZhoI Z¿i-\-Øm¬ Nnd-fbw ]≈n-bn-¬ \n∂v cmXn bmX]pd-s∏-´p. I®-h-S-°m-cmb ]am-Wn-am¿ _mhbpsS Xntcm-[m-\-tØmsS ]›m-Øm]hnh-»-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Ah-cpsS Ipń-Iƒs°√mw tcmKw ]nSn-s∏- p-Ibpw a‰p ]e A\njvS kw -h-ßfpw Ah¿°v t\cn-´p.

Zp:JnX-cmb hSt° kmºn-°m¿ _mhmsb At\z-jn®v sIm®n-bn-se-Øn. _mh1764 HIvtSm-_¿ 21 \v Imew sNbvXv 22 \v am¿tXmΩm saXms‚ Bÿm-\-amb I≠-\mSvAt±-l-Øns\ AS-°n-sb∂pw At∏m-gmWv Ah¿ Kln-®-Xv. DS≥ Ah¿ I≠-\m-t´°v]pd-s∏´v Chn-SsØ aZv_-l-bpsS AIØv hS°v hiØv AS-°n-bn-cp∂ I_-dn-S-Øns‚Xmsg ssl°m-e-bn¬ Ccp∂v Znh-k-ß-tfmfw D]-h-kn-°p-Ibp AXn-sem-cmƒ I_-dn-S-Ønse ]e-I-ta¬ hc®ncp∂ Ombm-NnXw t\m°n as‰mcp ]e-I-ta¬ _mhmbpsS ]Swhc-bv°p-Ibpw B Ombm-NnXw sIm≠v Ip∂w-Ipfw Nnd-f-b-tØ°v t]m∂-Xmbpw ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p. I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bpsS aZv_-l-bn¬ _mh-bpsS I_¿ D≈-Xp-t]mse HcpkvamcI I_¿ Ch¿ Nnd-fbw aZv_-lm-bn¬ \n¿Ωn®v I≠-\ms´ t]mse Cu Ombm-NnXw CXn\p apI-fn¬ ÿm]n-®p. _mh-bpsS im≤-s]-cp-∂mƒ HIvtSm-_¿ 22 \v I≠-\mSvBtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Nnd-fbw ]≈n CS-hI C∂pw Cu s]cp-∂mƒ CtX ZnhkwBtLm-jn-°p-∂p.

1876 ¬ ]tXmkv aq∂m-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okp _mh Cu ]≈n kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ (Nn-d-f-bw) aZv_-lm-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Cu kvamcI I_¿\o°w sNbvXp. AXn¬ Zp:JnX-cmb CS-h-I-°m¿ s]mfn®p If™ I_-dn-S-Øns‚ achpw Ah-in-jvS-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn®vtXmtWm-kns‚ aosX Hcp IpZvivIp-Zn-in≥ ]WnXv AXn≥aosX _mh-bpsS NnX C∂pwam™p t]mImsX ChnsS \n¬°p-∂p.

1876 ¬ ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°nkp _mh I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-b-t∏mƒaZv_-lm-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ iI-ffm- _m-h-bp-sSbpw \memw am¿tXm-Ω-bp-sSbpw I_¿s]mfn®p am‰nb kw`hw iI-≈m-_m-hmsb sNdp-Xm°n Nne Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ \nco-£n-®n-´p-≠v. hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-t°≠ k` I_-dnSw ]WnXv Aku-I-cy-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-sX∂vNq≠n-Im-Wn-®mWv _mh Cu ]cn-jvImcw \S-∏n-em-°n-b-Xv. A√msX iI-ffm- _m-h-tbm-Sp≈ A\m-Z-chv sIm≠-√. ]n∂oSv ]≈n ]p\¿ \n¿Ωn®v C∂p ImWp∂ coXn-bn¬ aZv_-lmbv°v Aku-I-cy-an-√mØ Xc-Øn¬ I_¿ \n¿Ωn-°-W-sa∂v ]mXn-b¿°o-kp-_mh A∂vAXv \S-∏n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ C∂v ]e ]≈n-I-fn-tebpw aZv_-lm- sa-Xm-t∏m-en-Ø-am-cp-sS I_-dnSw sIm≠v \nd-t™-t\. 1874 ¬ bqbm°nw am¿ Iqdn-temkv _mh aqf¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ Imew sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv _mh-bpsS uXnI icocw Fßns\ I_-d-S-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂vFgp-Xn-h-®Xpw AXn¬ ]Imcw AS-°n-bXpw (C-t∏mƒ ImWp∂ I_¿) CXn\v amXr-I-bm-Wv.

iI-ff-_mh ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øp∂ Ime-L-ń¬ ae-¶c Gsd \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. I≠-\mSv ]≈n Xs∂ sIm®n ˛ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPym-Xn¿Øn-bn-emWvÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv. ]pI-bn-e, XpI¬, Acn, XpWn, XpS-ßnb ]e-Xn-\pw Cu cmPy-ßƒX∂n¬ Gsd hne hyXym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. (Np-¶-Øn-ep≈ am‰w) I≠-\mSv Xs∂ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp Itºm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. sX°≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]e ]≈n-I-fnepw _mh Ccp∂pkpdn-bm\n a°sf kXy hnizm-k-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-sIm≠p h∂n- p-≠-t√m. AXn¬ ][m\]≈n-bm-bn-cp∂ Imbw-Ipfw IZo»m ]≈n _mhm-tbm-Sp≈ B CS-h-I-bpsS kvt\lhpwIS-∏mSpw IW-°n-se-SpØv ]n¬°m-eØv AhnsS Bcw-`n® kvIqfns\ Ah¿ _tk-en-tbmkv kvIqƒ F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNbvXp.

iI-ffm- _mh I_-d-S-ßnb I≠-\m-Sn-S-hI t]mepw kvIqƒ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ _mh-bpsS t]cn¬ hnfn-bv°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ hnkva-cn-®p-t]m-b-tXm¿°p-tºmƒ I≠-\m-Sn-S-h-I-bn¬Nne-cpsS sNbvXn-Iƒ ChnsS kvacn®p t]mIp-∂p.

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv I≠-\mSv Itºm-f-Øns‚ B alm-]-Xm] ImeØv HIvtSm-_¿ 22 \v _mh-bpsS Hm¿Ω s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ°v ae-¶-c-bpsS sX°pw hS-°p-ap≈ hnizm-kn-Iƒ I≠-\mSv I_-dn-te°v Hgp-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. B Ime-ß-fn¬ Zqsc-bp≈ h¿ h≈-ß-fn-emWv I≠-\m-t´°v h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bpsS ]Sn-™mdv hi-Øp-IqSn t]mIp∂tImW-Øp-]pg B Ime-ß-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ k©mc Pe-]m-X-bm-Wv. Cu `mKØv h≈-ßƒ ASp-∏n®p sI´p-hm≥ D≈n-te°v hfsc hoXn-bn-em-Wv ]pg InS-°p-∂Xv h≈-Øn¬hcp-∂-h¿ h≈w Xoc-tØmSv tN¿Øv sIń-b-Xn-\p-tijw ]≈n¬ t]mbn s]cp-∂mƒ IqSnhgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ A¿∏n®v H∂p c≠v Znhkw Ign-™mWv aSßn t]mIp-∂-Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fpsSCu Iq´w I®-h-S-°m-cmb I≠-\mSv Itºm-f-Ønse Nne¿°v _p≤n-ap´v tXm∂n-bXpsImt≠m Ft¥m Ch¿ h≈-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ¿ Adn-bmsX h≈-Øn¬ ]pI-bne h®v DtZy-K-ÿ-∑msc hnhsc Adn-bn®v ]nSn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ime-ItaW I≠-\m-t´-°p≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Hgp°v \nevbv°p-Ibpw I≠\mSns‚ ]Xmhw \mƒ°p-\mƒ AX-]-Xn®p t]m∂p.ae-¶-c-bnse Im´v ]tZ-i-ßƒ t]mepw B[p-\nI k©mc am¿§-ß-fp≈ ]´-W-ß-fmbncq]m-¥-c-s∏- -t∏mƒ I≠\mSv ]≈n-bn-te°v Hcp an\n _ pw t]mepw k¿∆okv \S-ØmØIpKm-a-ambn AX:]Xn®p t]mbXv iI-fm-_mh Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mfpw Imew sNbvX-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw Cu CS-h-I-bnse Nne Bfp-I-fpsS ]hr-Øn-bpsS im]-^-e-am-Wv. Cu ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ `mK-`m-°m-bn-´p-≈-h-cpsS IpSpw-_-ßƒ \in-®p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v. a‰p ]ecpw \in®v\mSp hnń-´p-≠v. ASpØ GXm\pw h¿j-ß-fmbn CØcw hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Ah-t_m-[-apffCS-h-I-P-\-ßƒ Xß-fpsS ]q¿∆o-I¿°v CØcw ]m]-ßƒ°v Fs¥-¶nepw ]¶pt≠m F∂vBi-b-¶-bn-e-I-s∏´v ]mb-›n-Ø-Øn-\p≈ Hcp-°-Øn-em-Wv.

a´m-t©cn ]≈n-bn¬ h®v Imew sNbvX _mhsb I®-h-S-°m-cmbm apf¥p-cpØnCS-h-I-°m¿ a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ h®v hnhcw Adn™v h≈-tØ¬ Ib‰n Imb¬ hgn ]qt¥mŃp‰n apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn-te°v bmX sNbvXp. apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn-te°v Xncn-tb≠tIme-t©cn IS-hn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Dd-°-Øn-se-∂-hÆw IShv t_m≤y-am-ImsX HSp-hn¬t\cw shfp-°m-dm-b-t∏mƒ I≠-\mSv IS-hn¬ ASp-°p-Ibpw At∏mƒ I≠-\mSv Itºm-f-Ønse CS-hI P\-ßƒ _mh-bpsS uXn-Im-h-injvSw ImWp-Ibpw DS≥ a‰p-≈-hsc hnhcwAdn-bn®v ]≈n-bn-te°v sIm≠p t]mIp-Ibpw apf-¥p-cpØn CS-h-I-bnse h≈-°m-c≥ \n m-lm-b-\mbn apf-¥p-cp-Ønbv°v h-≈-aq-∂n-t]m-tI≠n h∂Xpw _mh-bpsS BK-l-k-^-eo-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ ssZhoI CS-s]-S-e-√msX as‰m-∂p-am-bn-cn-°n-√-t√m.

s\√ntamfw sk‚ v tacokv sklntbm≥ bmt°m_mb kpdnbm\n ]≈nbn¬

am¿ IuambpsS Hm¿Ω s]cp∂mƒ ˛2008 HIvtSm_¿ 26, 27, 28 XobXnIfn¬

`cWkanXnbwKßƒ

tijvT ImtXm-en° B_q≥

tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv

tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mh

tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm

Cuhmkv ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh

BflobXbpsS h‰mØ \ocpdhbpw A¤pXßfpsShnf\nehpamb Cu ]≈n Bew_lo\¿°v BibambnFdWmIpfw Pn√bn¬ Ipdp∏w]Sn aphm‰p]pg tdmUn¬4 Intemao‰¿ sX°pamdn s\√ntamfØv ÿnXnsNøp∂p.s\√nacßƒ [mcmfambn hf¿∂ncp∂ aeapIfnep≈ ]≈nF∂XpsIm≠mWv Cu ÿeØn\v s\√ntamfw F∂ t]cve`n®Xv.

]cnip≤ At¥ymJym knwlmk\Øn≥ Iogn¬ mKytamsShmWcpfp∂ ]cnip≤ ]mXnb¿°okv _mhbptSbpwae¶cbpsS tijvT ImtXmen° _mhbptSbpw k`bnseA`nhµycmb saXmt∏meoØmamcpsSbpw A\pKlØnepwA\pkcWbnepw amXrIbmbn ImemImeßfmbn Cu ]≈n\ne\n∂pt]mcp∂p.1. Bcw`w

I√dbv°¬ ]pØ≥hoń¬ tImc aI≥ ss]en XcI≥hgn]mSmbn ]≈nbv°v X∂ ÿeØv Ipdp∏w]Sn a¿Øadnbwbmt°m_mb ]≈nbnse ]Øv hnImcnamcn¬ Hcmfmbncp∂

_lp. tat\mØpamen¬ tXmakv IØ\m¿, Ipdp∏w]Sn]≈nbnse NpaXebn¬ \n∂pw amdn Ipdp∏w]Sn CShIbnsecmbawKew, hmbv°c, taXe, Iogn√w, ]p√phgn, CcntßmƒF∂o IcIfnep≠mbncp∂ 250 IpSpw_mwKßtfmsSmcpan®vAt¥ymJymbpsSbpw Ings°ms°bptSbpw ]cnip≤]tXmkns‚ At∏mkvtXmenI knwlmk\Øn¬ Iogn¬A¶amen `Zmk\ saXmt∏meoØ A`n. ]utemkv am¿AØm\mtkymkv Xncpa\ p sIm≠v F.Un. 1903 aIcw 24˛\v3052˛mw \ºdmbn Kh¨sa‚ v A\phmZ]Imcw ]≈nÿm]n®p. achpw hbvt°mepw D]tbmKn®v D≠m°nb ]≈n 8h¿jØn\p≈nep≠mb Xo]nSpØØn¬ IØn \in®p. 1911tabv 6˛\v hn. KohdpKokv klZmbpsS Hm¿Ω Znhkw C∂vImWp∂ ]pXnb ]≈nbv°v ASnÿm\an´p. ]n∂oSv ]≈nbpsSinemÿm]\ s]cp∂mƒ hn. KohdpKokv klZmbpsS Hm¿Ωs]cp∂mfnt\msSm∏w F√m h¿jhpw tabv 6˛\v BtLmjn®phcp∂p. \ΩpsS ]≈nbpsS ][m\ tXmtWmkv hnip≤ssZhamXmhnt‚bpw, hS°v hitØØv C≥UybpsS Imh¬]nXmhmb am¿ tXmam«olm bpsSbpw sX°v hitØXv kXyhnizmkØn\pth≠n s]mcpXn acn® am¿ KohdpKokv klZmbpsS \maßfnepamWv.2. am¿ IuambpsS Xncptijn∏v

Cu ]≈nbpsS Hcp ][m\ khntijX, \o≠ 45

h¿jßƒ cm∏I¬ Dd°an√msX \n∂psIm≠v X]kv sNbvXvX\nbv°pw Xs‚ k`bnse ZpcnXa\p`hn°p∂h¿°pw th≠n]m¿∞n®v acWw hcn® ]m¿∞\ hoc\pw hnip≤\pamb am¿IuambpsS Xncptijn∏v AS°w sNbvXn´p≈ I_dnSamWv.C∂v Cu hnip≤s‚ I_¿ Cu CShIbpsSbpw tZiØnt‚bpwA\pKlØns‚ Ddhbmbn amdnbncn°p∂p. At\IwhnizmknIƒ ZqctZißfn¬ \n∂pt]mepw h∂v Cu I_dn¶¬`P\ancp∂v ]m¿∞n®pw RmbdmgvNIfn¬ hn. Ip¿∫m\ G‰pIgn®pw XßfpsS Bhiyßsf ka¿∏n®v a≤yÿ ]m¿∞\\SØnbpw ssZhIr] ]m]n®v hcp∂p. ssZhssNX\yw\nds™mgpIp∂ Cu I_dn¶¬ ap´pIpØn I¿Ømhnt\mSv]m¿∞n°p∂h¿°v Cu hnip≤s‚ a≤yÿXbm¬ I¿Ømhva°fn√mØh¿°v a°sf \¬Inbpw A¤pX tcmKkuJyw\¬Inbpw A\pKln®Xmbn ]ecpw km£ys∏SpØnbn´p≠v.A`nhµy\mb …o_m am¿ HkvØmØntbmkv _mh 1915HIvtSm_¿ 28˛mw XobXn (Xpemw 15) am¿ IuambpsS Xncptijn∏vCu ]≈nbn¬ ÿm]n®Xns‚ Hm¿ΩbmWv henb s]cp∂mfmbnCShI Ct∏mƒ BtLmjn®phcp∂Xv.

hnImcn^m. t__n awKeØv

SÃnsI. hn. ]utemkv

Imt°mfn¬

SÃnF≥. ]n. aØmbn

\Sbnt∑¬

AUz. kn.]n. amXyp

sNc°°pSn

(k`m h¿°nwKv IΩn‰nbwKw)

F≥. Fw. F_lmw

\mcntben¬

Sn. Fw. Genbmkv

Nma°m´v

]n. ]n. tPmbn

]\ntben°pSn

kn. sP. Ip™v

Np≈nß¬

Fw.hn. ]utemkv

a‰Øn¬

F¬tZmkv hn. F.

h´bv°m´v

F. ]n. _nPn

AXnc∏m\mbn¬

knPp ‰n. t]mƒ

XSbmfn¬

(]ªnkn‰n I¨ho\¿)

www.nellimolamchurch.orgPhone : 0484 - 2659533

hn. ssZhamXmhv

am¿ IuambpsS

Xncptijn∏v

AS°w

sNbvXn´p≈

I_¿

A`n. amXyqkv am¿ tXthmtZmkntbmkv

(sIm√w `Zmk\m[n]≥)

A`n. amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv

(I≠\mSv `Zmk\m[n]≥)

BinX¿°v Bizmkacpfp∂ s\√ntamfw ]≈n

alm]cnip≤\pw X∂n¬ A`bs∏´v I¿Ømhnt\mSv ]m¿∞n°p∂

Bbncßƒ°v A¤pXIcamb A\p`hßƒ \¬Ins°m≠ncn°p∂

h\pamb am¿ IuambpsS Xncptijn∏v ÿm]n®n´p≈ s\√ntamfw sk‚ v

tacokv sklntbm≥ bmt°m_mb kpdnbm\n]≈nbn¬ ]cn. ]nXmhns‚

Hm¿Ωs∏cp∂mƒ 2008 HIvtSm_¿ 26, 27, 28 (Rmb¿, Xn¶ƒ, sNm∆)

XobXnIfn¬ BtLmjn°p∂p. 26˛mw XobXn \SØs∏Sp∂

IpSpw_kwKa tØmsS Bcw`n°p∂ s]cp∂mƒ almalØn¬ F√m

hnizmknIfpw t\¿® ImgvNItfmsS kw_‘n®v A\pKlw

]m]n°phm≥ I¿Ør\maØn¬ £Wn®psIm≈p∂p.

s]cp∂mƒ BiwkItfmsS....

ANGAMALYT.B. Junction

Ph : 0484 - 2454319

CHALAKUDYMain Road

Ph : 0480 - 6450290

KALADYJunction

Ph : 0484 - 6466292

PERUMBAVOORM.C. Road, JunctionPh : 0484 - 6466295


Phone : 0484 - 2595236, 2524208Mobile : 94478 16193

THURTHURTHURTHURTHURUTHUMMANUTHUMMANUTHUMMANUTHUMMANUTHUMMANMARBLE MARBLE MARBLE MARBLE MARBLE TTTTTOOLSOOLSOOLSOOLSOOLS

Opp. Jyothy TheatreP.P. ROAD, PERUMBAVOOR

Dealers of : Power tools, Blade, Stone,Polishing disc, Liquid Powder etc.

Available with a Newly Launched Multi National Company

Fixed Allowance & Excellent Career GrowthRs. 6,000 – 12,000 per month. (Commission, Bonus Extra)

Ideal For Housewives / Retd. / VRS / Ex-NRI /

Insurance - Mutual Fund Advisors..…etc

Phone : 92494 82494 / 96050 60660E-mail: [email protected]

Part Time / Full Time Opportunities

Phone : 0484 - 2716020Mobile : 94463 19069

94463 89069, 94465 89069

T R A V E L SKOTTAYIL BLDG, P.P. ROAD, PATTIMATTOM

All types of luxury coach lines


For Parish Management Software


ESPRIT TECHNOLOGIES INC.Ernakulam

Contact :

Peter Ajit PaulMobile : 92884 58125

Phone : 0484 - 2787766

F¬tZm h¿Kokv

s\Spthen°pSn



sk‚ v PqUv

k_vtÃj≥]Sn

tImXawKew

t^m¨ : 99461 31476

I¬IpcnipIƒ, I√dIƒ, amtamZok sXmńIƒ, AƒØmc,

I√phnf°pIƒ, DZvLmS\ I√pIƒ sNbvXp sImSp°p∂XmWv.

tÃm¨ h¿°vkv

shcn. dh. ]utemkv ]cØphben¬

tImsd∏nkvt°m∏

]p√hgn am¿KotKmdntbmkv Nm∏¬

3. hn. aqtdm≥ A`ntjI ipiqj

]≈nbpsS hn. aqtdm≥ A`ntjI ipiqj Xpemw 15s]cp∂mfnt\mSv tN¿∂v 2007 HIvtSm_¿ 26, 27, 28 XobXnIfnembn tijvT ImtXmen°m _mhmbpsS apJyIm¿ΩnIXzØnepw A`nhµycmb A_lmw tam¿ tkthdntbmkv,Ipcymt°mkv tam¿ Znbkvt°mtdmkv, a¿t°mkv tam¿IntkmÃtamkv, Genbmkv tam¿ AØm\mkntbmkv F∂oXncpta\namcpsS klIm¿ΩnIXzØnepw hn]peamb ]cn]mSnItfmsS A\pKlIcambn \SØs∏´p.4. \SIƒ

Cu ]≈nbv°p amXambn´p≈ Hcp ][m\ khntijXbmWv Cu ]≈nbnte°p≈ 227 \SIƒ. t\mtºmSpw `‡ntbmSpw IqsS I¿Ømhns\ hnfn®p [ym\n®v Cu \SIƒ Ibdn]≈nbnseØn ]m¿∞n°p∂Xv ssZhm\pKlßƒ°v apJm¥camIp∂psh∂v At\I¿ hnizkn°p∂p.

5. ]≈nbpsS Nm∏epIfpw Ipcnin≥sXmńIfpw

]≈nbpsS Iogn¬ c≠v Nm∏epIƒ \√ coXnbn¬ ]h¿Øn®phcp∂p. NmØpcpØnbn¬ ]cnip≤ sIm®pXncpta\nbpsS \maØn¬ ]p√phgnbnse am¿ KotKmdntbmkv Nm∏en¬F√m RmbdmgvNIfnepw, cmbawKeØp≈ b¬tZm am¿ _t entbmkv Nm∏en¬ H∂nShn´ RmbdmgvNIfnepw hn. Ip¿∫m\A¿∏n®phcp∂p. IqSmsX cmbawKeØv am¿ KohdpKokv klmZmbpsS \maØnepw, s\√ntamfw Ihebn¬ a™n\n°cbn¬I_dSßnbn´p≈ tamdm≥ tam¿ C·mØntbmkv GenbmkvXnXob≥ ]mXnb¿°okv _mhmbpsS \maØnepw, atcmń°Shn¬ am¿ ]tXmkv ]utemkv «ol∑mcpsS \maØnepw,]≈nbpsS Ing°v hiØmbn am¿ _t entbmkv _mhmbpsSbpw \maØnepw Ipcnin≥ sXmńIƒ D≠v.

6. kt≠kvIqfpIfpw `‡kwLS\Ifpw

]≈nbpsS \nb¥WØn¬ CShIbpsS hnhn[`mKßfnembn ]≈nbn¬ ]h¿Øn°p∂ sk‚v tacokv,cmbawKeØp≈ sk‚v tPm¿÷v, ]p√phgnbnse Fw.Pn.Fw.,

Iogn√sØ sk‚v Genbmkv F∂nßs\ \mev kt≠kvIqfpIƒ, slUvamÃ¿amcmb io. F.hn. t__n, io. F. Fw.F¬tZm, io. cmPv hn. ]o‰¿, io. H. ]n. tPmbn F∂nhcpsSt\XrXzØn¬ `wKnbmbn ]h¿Øn®phcp∂p. bqØvAt mkntbj≥, a¿Øadnbw h\nXm kamPw, At¥ymJyhnizmk kwc£W kanXn, ko\ntbgvkv t^mdw , sk‚v tacokvNmcn‰_nƒ SÃv F∂o kwLS\Ifpw CShIbn¬ anI®coXnbn¬ amXrIbmbn ]h¿Øn®phcp∂p.7. ]ncn™pt]mb CShI ]≈nIƒ

HmSbv°men hn. a¿Øadnbw, ]mtdØpapIƒ sk‚vtXmakv, taXe sk‚v tacokv, Ccntßmƒ am¿ KotKmdntbmkvF∂o ]≈nIfpsS amXrtZhmebamWnXv.

8. CShI s]mXptbmKw, `cWkanXn

2008 s^_phcn 24˛mw XobXn RmbdmgvN hn. Ip¿_m\m\¥cw hnImcnbpsS A≤y£Xbn¬ tN¿∂ CShIs]mXptbmKw Xmsg ]dbp∂hsc 2002 se k`m `cWLS\m]Imchpw, CShI cWLS\ A\pkcn®pw sXcs™SpØp.]knU‚v: hnImcn, SÃnam¿ F≥. ]n. aØmbn, sI. hn.]utemkv, hm¿Uv saº¿amcmbn F¬tZm h¿Kokv, kn. sP.Ip™v, Sn. Fw. Genbmkv, kn. ]n. amXyp, Fw. hn. ]utemkv,F≥. Fw. F_lmw, F¬tZm hn. F., knPp Sn. t]mƒ, ]n. ]n.tPmbn, F. ]n. _nPn F∂nhscbpw HmUn‰¿amcmbn kmPp ]n.t]mƒ, G. hn. t__n, sI. kn. ]utemkv F∂nhtcbpw, Zmk\]Xn\n[nIfmbn Sn. ]n. h¿Kokv, ssjP≥ Genbmkv, ss_PpIpcymt°mkv, kmPp t]mƒ, _nt\mbv amXyp F∂nhscbpwsXcs™SpØp.

Ipcnin≥ sXmńIƒ

]n.Sn. bmt°m_v

ipiqjI≥

hn. C. jnPp

¢m¿°v

Ip™Ω ]utemkv

Poh\°mcn

]≈nPoh\°m¿

`‡kwLS\ skI´dnam¿

hnizmk kwc£I≥ ]XØn¬

hcnkwJy tNcp∂Xn\pw ]ckyßƒ°pw kao]n°pI.

Hm¿Kss\k¿˛ knPp ‰n. t]mƒ

samss_¬ : 92494 82494

Imcy]cn]mSn

26˛10˛2008 Rmb¿

7.15 am : ]`mX ]m¿∞\

8.15 am : hn. Ip¿∫m\, ]kwKw, Ahm¿Uv Zm\w(SSLC, JSSLC, +2 tPXm°ƒ°v )

A`n. amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv

saXmt∏meoØm Xncpa\ psIm≠v

10.00 am : sImSnIb‰v

10.15 am : tam¿ _tkentbmkv IpcnipwsXmń IqZmi

11.00 am : IpSpw_kwKaw

DZvLmS\w : A`nhµy Xncpta\n

(75 hb n\v apIfnep≈ CShImwKßsf BZcn°¬)

27˛10˛2008 Xn¶ƒ

7.00 am : ]`mX ]m¿∞\

7.30 am : hn. Ip¿∫m\9.30 am : `‡kwLS\IfpsS kwbp‡ hm¿jnIw

11.45 am : kΩm\Zm\w

12.30 pm : kam]\w

6.00 pm : k‘ym]m¿∞\

7.00 pm : ]kwKw dh. ^m. ss_Pp Nm≠n

8.00 pm : ]Z£nWw

9.00 pm : Bio¿hmZw, t\¿® hnfºv, kam]\w

28˛10˛2008 sNm∆

7.15 am : ]`mX ]m¿∞\

8.15 am : hn. Ip¿∫m\, ]kwKwA`n. amXyqkv am¿ tXthmtZmtkymkv

saXmt∏meoØm Xncpa\ psIm≠v

11.00 am : ]Z£nWw

12.30 pm : t\¿®kZy

1.30 pm : Dev∏∂teew

3.00 pm : sImSnbnd°v ˛ kam]\w

Nm∏¬ -C≥ Nm¿÷v

G. hn. ]utemkv

Aºm´v

(k`m amt\PnwKv IΩn‰nbwKw)

_ntPmbv Fw. Ipcymt°mkv

apXntben¬

( AJne ae¶c bqØv At mkntbj≥ skI´dn )

]n. ]n. tXmakv

ko\nb¿ t^mdw

kn.]n. ^nen∏v

bqØv At mkntbj≥

F¬tZmkv ]o‰¿

kt≠kvIqƒ amt\PnwKv t_m¿Uv

_n\n kt¥mjv

h\nXm kamPw

9. D]kwlmcw

Cu CShI \mev hm¿UpIfmbn 650 IpSpw_ßfp≈A¶amen `Zmk\Ønse ]pcmX\ tZhmebßfnsem∂mWv.]≈nbpw Nm∏epIfpw kt≠kv°qfpIfpw taJeIfpwIpSpw_ßfpw tIµoIcn®v I¨sh≥j\pIfpw ]m¿∞\mtbmKßfpw IpSpw_tbmKßfpw \SØnhcp∂p. PohImcpWy]h¿Ø\ `mKambn hnZym`ymk klmbw, hnhml klmbw,c‡Zm\w, NnIn’m klmbw XpSßnbhbpw \SØn hcp∂p.ImemImeßfn¬ CShIsb ipiqjn® _lp sshZoItcmSpw`cWkanXnItfmSpw X∂m≠v `cWkanXntbmSpw `‡kwLS\ItfmSpw CShImwKßtfmSpw \m\mPmXn aXÿcmbhnizmknItfmSpap≈ CShIbpsS \µnbpw IrX⁄XbpwtcJs∏SpØn sIm≈p∂p. ^m. t__n awKeØv, hnImcn

dh. ^m. tP°_v AXncw]pgbn¬cmbawKew am¿ _tkentbmkv Nm∏¬

cmbawKew˛am¿ KohdpKokv

klmZmbpsS \maØn¬

s\√ntamfw Ihe˛am¿ Genbmkv

XnXob≥ _mhmbpsS \maØn¬

atcmń°Shv˛am¿ ]tXmkv ]utemkv

«ol∑mcpsS \maØn¬

Ing°v hiw˛am¿ _t entbmkv

_mhmbpsSbpw \maØn¬

Ph : 0484 - 25252053205252

17/307, Kalady Road,Perumbavooor - 683 542

Dealers in : Tiles, Sanitary, CP Fittings,PVC, GI & CPVC Pipe & Fitting,Water Tank, Granite, Tiles etc.


s]cp∂mƒ BiwkItfmsS...........

bqØv At mkntbj≥, ko\ntbgvkv t^mdw, kt≠kv°qƒ amt\PnwKv t_m¿Uv,

a¿Øadnbw h\nXm kamPw, hnizmk kwc£W kanXn, sk‚ v tacokv Nmcn‰_nƒ SÃv

LEE SYSTEMSs]cp∂mƒ BiwkItfmsS....

Mukkanamchery Bye Pass Building Opp. Jacobite Church, M.C. Road PerumbavoorPh : 0484 - 6451669, 98469 71009, Website : www.webshoreindia.com

Website design web hosting, website maintenance, logo design,CD presentation, Computer Sales and service


XIV / 326, Mukkanamchery Bye Pass Buiding,M.C Road, Perumbavoor

Phone : 0484 - 3294379Mob : 94471 23843

Computer Sales, Services, Peripherals, Networking, PC Upgradation



apf-¥p-cpØn am¿tXm-a≥ ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

]pWy-t«m-I-\mb bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhmsb

hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p

ae¶c k`-bpsS ]q¿∆-Imew apX¬ ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn h∂n-´p≈ ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ ].bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm AZz-Xo-b-\m-Wv.

ioa-cm-PyØv “Xp¿_vZo-\n¬” qPm-X-\m-bn. ae-¶c k` bm-\-I-amb B`y-¥c Ie-l-am-Ip∂ tImfn¬s] v he-™n-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ChnsS BK-X-\m-bn. GX-t±iy `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsSA\p-I-ºm-c-lnXamb s]cp-Ωm-‰-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-\mbn ChnsS 29h¿jw tkh\w sNbvXv 1050 Nnßw 20\v apf¥pcp-Ø-]-≈n-bn¬Imew sNbvXv I_-d-S-°-s∏-´p.

Xncp-ta\n Xp¿_vt±-\n¬ l__v CS-h-I-bn¬ a¬°n _m¿ Ckm-tb-ens‚]pX-\mbn Ipeo-\-amb Aan¿ZvK-±\n IpSpw-_-Øn¬ PmX-\m-bn. ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Genb,Ckm-tb¬, sam¿sZ-Jm-bn, kv°dn-bm, K_n-tb¬ F∂n-hcpw ktlm-Z-cn-Iƒ kØm,

slUv\m F∂n-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. (Cu hnhcw At±-l-Øm¬ ÿm]n-X-amb sIm®n tIm -bnse \ΩpsS ]≈n-bn¬ inem-en-Jn-X-ambn ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.)

ap≥]-d™ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬ K_n-tb¬ _mhm-sbm-∂n®v ae-¶-c-bn-te°h∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ Nme-°pgn IpSpw-_-Øn¬ ]tc-X-\mb io. amΩ≥]utemkv Ah¿I-fpsS (io. kn. ]n. amØs‚ ]nXm-hv) ktlm-Z-cnsb At±lwhnhmlw sNbvXp. ]kvXpX Zmº-Xy-Ønse GI ]pcpj k¥m-\-am-bn-cp∂p ]tc-X-\mb Nme-°p-gn-bn¬ io. K_n-tb¬ a¬°v. At±-l-Øns‚ koa¥ ]pX-\mWv dh.^m. bqbm-°ow. (lm-_o-_-®≥)

]pWy-t«m-I\pw alm ]cn-ip-≤-\p-am-bn-cp∂p tamdm≥ tam¿ Gen-bmkv ZznXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm. kz¥w skI-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ Ct±-lsØ ae-bm-fsØdoiv F∏n-kvtIm-∏-bmbn \nb-an-®p. 1846 anYp\ amkw 7\v ae-¶-c-bv°-b®p. Nnßw 20\vNnß-Øn¬ Imew sNbvX tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mh ChnsS FØn-bXpw Hcp Nnß-am-k-Øn-¬ (1846) Xs∂bm-sW-∂p-f-fXv kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. Ct±lw Chn-tS°v Ab-°-s∏-Sm-\p≈ ]cnX:ÿnXn Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

_mh ae-bm-fØp hcp-tºmƒ (tN-∏m-´v) tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv \mem-a≥ ae-¶-c-bpsS saXm-\mbn `cWw \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw At±-l-Øn\v kam-[m-\-tØmsS cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ km[y-am-ImØ Hc-¥-co-£-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]pen-t°m- n¬ tam¿Znh-∂m-tkymkv H∂m-a≥ kZp-t±iy t]cn-X-\mbn ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-b-Øns‚kap-Zm-bnI ]ptcm-K-a-\-Øn-\mbn Bcw-`n® Bwt•b (kn. Fw. F v) kulm¿±sØapX-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v Ah¿ h√mØ Ipg-∏-ßƒ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cp∂ kµ¿`-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. tN∏m´v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mh ae-bm-f-sØ-Øp-hm≥ CS-bm-°n-bXv Cu kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

kpdn-bm\n thZ-]p-kvXIw tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv (h-en-b) 1˛ma\n¬ \n∂v kzoI-

am¿tØm-a≥ ]≈n apf-¥p-cpØn Ncn-X-

Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS ˛ H‰-t\m-´-Øn¬1. apf-¥p-cpØnbnse BZy ]≈n, Ct∏mƒ Ic-hs´ hSt° Ipcniv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ÿeØv,A.D.925 -B≠v I¿°n-SI amkw 3˛mw XobXn ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.2. A.D. ]Xn-s\m∂mw \o‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km\w I¿°n-SI amkw 3˛mw XobXn hn.-tXm-am»o-lm-bpsS Zp:Jtdmt\m s]cp-∂mƒ Znhkw, B ]cn-ip-≤s‚ Xs∂ \ma-Øn¬ (A.D. 1100\pw 1125 \pw CS-bv°v) Cu ]≈n IqZmi sNø-s∏-´p.3. 12- mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Øn¬ Cu ]≈n-h-I-bmbn shń-°¬ Hcp Ipcnip ]≈n ÿm]n-°-s∏- p.4. 16-˛mw \q‰m-≠n-ep-≠mb ]d-¶n-I-fpsS (t]m¿®pKokp-Im-cpsS) A[n-\n-th-itØm-Sp-IqSn,ae-¶-c-bnse ]≈n-I-fnse ]pkvX-I-ßfpw tcJ-Ifpw, Ah-cm¬ \in-°-s∏-´p. C°q´-Øn¬Cu ]≈nbpsS tcJ-Ifpw \in-∏n-°-s∏-´Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.5. 16-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Cu ]≈n ]cn-jv°-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ]≈n-bpsS Icn-¶-√n¬ Xo¿Ø ][m\Ihm-S-Øn¬ kpdnbm\n en]n-bn¬ “am¿tØm-am-bpsS Beb hmXn¬ A.D.1575-˛mw am≠vXpemw 9˛mw XobXn am‰n ÿm]n®p”F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.6. A.D 1653˛ B≠v aIcw 3˛mw XobXn sh≈n-bmgvN a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ h®v \S-Ø-s∏´ NcnX]kn-≤-amb “Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXy”-Ønvvv¬ Cu ]≈n CS-h-Imw-ZKßƒ ]¶p-sIm-≠p.7. A.D 1653˛se “Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXy”-Ønvvv¬ t\XrXzw sImSpØ H∂mw am¿tØm-ambpwB™n-en-aq-ń¬ Cń-sXm-Ω≥ IØ-\mcpw, sIm®n cmPm-hns‚ sIm´m-c-Øn≥ ]d-¶n-I-fpsSBh-iy-]-Imcw _‘-\-ÿ-cm-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, B ]≈n CS-h-I-°m-cmb c≠v A¬ambhr≤∑m¿, sIm®n cmPm-hns‚ A\p-hmZw hmßn XS-h-d-bn¬ ]th-in-°p-Ibpw,A-h¿ saXm-t‚bpw, IØ-\m-cp-tSbpw thjw [cn®v XS-h-d-bn¬ \n∂v c£-t∏m-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.8. A.D 1665- ¬ ae-¶-c-k- sb kXy-hn-iz-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ab-°-s∏´ Du¿t»ans‚]mXn-b¿°okv tam¿Ko-tKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZpƒ Peo¬ _mhm, B ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂p-≈n-bn- p-≠v.9. A.D 1675-˛¬ ioam cmPy-Øp-\n∂pw am¿ A¥-tbmkv _mhm ChnsS Fgp-∂p-≈n, B]-≈n-bn¬ Zo¿LImew Xma-kn-®p. B ]nXmhv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Imkm Ct∏mgpw B ]≈n-bn¬ kq£n-®n-´p-≠v.

]n ]n tPm¨kv]md-∏m-ń¬ (sk-I-´-dn)

t__n Nma-°metImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏

^m. h¿Kokv]pe-bØv

tPmWn h¿KokvIpg-en-°m-ń¬ (S-Ãn)

tSman h¿KokvX®mw-]pdw (S-Ãn)

^m. aØmbnIpf-®nd

^m. …o_mIf-cn-°¬

…o_m Im´p-a-ßm´vtImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏

Iam-≠¿ aØmbn ]pd-∏m-SØv

]oUn-X-\mb kXy-hn-izmk kwc-£-I≥


apf-¥p-cpØn am¿tXm-a≥ ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

]pWy-t«m-I-\mb bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhmsb hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p

cn®v e≠-\n¬ A®-Sn-∏n-®-b®p X∂ tUmIvS¿ t¢mUn-bkv _p°m-\≥ BsW∂ptXm∂p-∂p, BZy-ambn ae-¶c k`-tbm-Sn-S-s]´ Bwt•b anj-\dn. At±lw 1808 \hw-_¿ 21\v I≠-\mSv sh®v Hsc-gp-Øn¬ “Rm≥ Ch-cpsS CS-bn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ apX¬F\n°v Bi-bp-≈Xv Ch¿ hnfw-_cw-hn\m N¿®v Hm^v Cw•-≠p-ambn sFIy-s∏-S-W-sa-∂mWv ” F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. ae-¶c kpdn-bm-\n-°m-¿°v hf-sc-tbsd klmbwsNbvXv X∂-bmfpw kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS kvt\ln-X≥ F∂ t]cv kºm-Zn-®-bmfpw, dkn-U-≠p-am-bn-cp∂ I¿Æ¬ a¨sdmbv°pw CtX BKlw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

\njvI-f-¶-ambn Bcw-`n® kpdn-bm\n ˛ Bwt•b Iq´p-sI-ńs‚ òIc ê-ßƒ ]pen-t°m´v tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv, ]p∂X tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv F∂o Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS ImeØv AX kv]j-S-ambn ]Xy-£-s∏-ń-s√-¶nepw tN∏m´v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSIme-am-b-t∏m-tg°pw DK-ambn shfn-s∏´p XpS-ßn. InkvXz_vZw 1835 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw,Xncp-ta\n anj-\-dn-am-cpsS ]oU-\-ßƒ°v ic-hy-\mbn XpS-ßn, F¶nepw ssZh Icp-W-bm¬ ta¬]-d™ _‘w Xma-kn-bmsX Ah-km-\n-®p.

Ccp-]Xv h¿jsØ Cu _‘w th¿s]-s´-¶nepw anj-\-dn-am-cpsS D]-tZiwaqew Ipsd t]¿ Bwt•b k`-bn¬ tNcp-Ibpw Nne¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-t\m-sS-Xn¿ØvHcp I£n-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßs\ ]pdta \n∂v anj-\-dn-amcpwAIØp \n∂v kzP-\-ß-fn¬ Nnecpw D]-Z-hn-°p∂ Hcp ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn-emWv tN∏m´Xncp-ta\n cWw \S-Øn-h-∂-Xv. Cß-s\-bn-cns° amcm-a¨ ]me-°p-∂Øv F_lmwaev]ms‚ \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw kzk-tlm-Z-cs‚ ]pX-\mb amXyqkv siΩm-i≥ ioa°vt]mIp-Ibpw ]cn-ip≤ At¥ymJy ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bn¬ \n∂v 1843 ¬ saXm≥ÿm\w ]m]n-°p-Ibpw ‘tam¿ amXyqkv AØ-\m-tkymkv’ Bbn ae-bm-f-sØ-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂o-Sp≈ kw`-h-ßƒ CS-h-gn-°¬ io. C. Fw. ^nen-∏ns‚ k`mNcn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw D≤-cn-°mw. ‘At±lw \mń¬ h∂-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ kvXmØn-t°m≥ ]c-ky-ambn hmbn®p tIƒ∏m≥ I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bn¬ kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Hcp kp∂-l-tZmkv IqSn. Cu ]am-W-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v hmgvN In´p-∂-Xn\v]tbm-Kn® \b-tØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ kwi-b-c-ln-X-a-s√∂v I≠ kap-ZmbwAt±-l-Øns‚ ap≥ Ncn-Xhpw \ho-I-cW ]Xn-]-Ønbpw hnh-cn®v ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\vFgpXn A-b®p. ]mXn-b¿°okv hnj-a-Øn-em-bn. tam¿ AØ-\m-tkym-kns‚ t]cn-ep≈ Cu Ip‰m-tcm-]-W-ß-sf-∏‰n hnNm-cW sNøp-∂-Xn\v A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw Ip‰wsXfn-bp∂ ]£w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v apS°p Iev]-\-Iƒ sImSpØpw ]mXn-b¿°okv,tam¿ Iqdn-temkv bqbm°ow Fs∂mcp saXms\ Ab-®p. At±lw 1846 ¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øn’. CXmWv Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bpsS BK-a\ Imc-Ww.

Cß-s\, ae-¶-c-bn¬ tam¿ Iqdn-temkv, tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv, tam¿ AØ-\m-tkym-kv F∂o aq∂p saXm-∑msc ImWp-∂p. Ch-cn¬ tam¿ AØ-\m-tkym-kn\v\njv]-bmkw anj-\-dn-am-cpsS kJyhpw A∂sØ dkn-U‚m-bn-cp∂ P\-d¬ I√s‚klm-bhpw e`n-®p. tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-\m-Is´ anj-\-dn-am-sc-bp≈ òXn \nanØwkzX-¥-ambn `cWw \S-Øm≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. h√-h¿°pw At±-l-tØmSvh√ \oc-k-Øn\pw Imc-Wap-≠m-bm¬ Ah¿ DSs\ i‡-cmb anj-\-dn-am-cpsS klmbwtXSp-Ibpw, DØ-c-£Ww AX-h¿°v e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Cu ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ ae-¶c k` anj-\dn ASn-a-Ø-Øn-te°v ho≠pw t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv CS-hI `cWw t]mepw tam¿ Iqdn-tem-kns\ Gev]n-®p.

X¿°-ßƒ aq¿≤-\y-Øn-se-Øn. hmZw tIƒ°p-∂-Xn-\mbn c≠v bqtdm-]y-∑mcpw c≠v \m´p-tZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpw tN¿∂ Hcp ]©m-b-Øns\ dkn-U-≠ns‚ ip]m¿i-b-\p-k-cn®v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚ v \n›-bn-®p. CXv 1848 ¬ sIm√Øp IqSn. e-sØ-∏‰n ]d-b-W-sa-∂n-√-t√m. tam¿ AØ-\m-tkym-kns‚ \nb-a\w km[p-hm-sW∂vXocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw, tam¿ Iqdn-temkv, ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ t]cv sh® apS°v Iev]-\-Iƒ hymP-ambn \n¿Ωn-®-Xm-sW∂v At±-lsØ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \n -lm-b-\mb tam¿ Iqdn-tem-kn\v tam¿ AØ-\m-tkym-kns‚ kplrØpw Bwt•b k`mw-K-hp-amb dkn-U-≠ns‚ ip]m¿i-b-\p-k-cn®v IqSnb ]©m-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw D≠mbCu hn[n A¤p-X-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√! hnhcw ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh Adn-™-t∏mƒ tam¿AØ-\m-tkymkv kvtX^m-t\mkv _mhsb ae-bm-f-tØ-bv°-b-®p kzmX¥yw e_v[-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂n-cp-∂mepw dkn-U-≠ns‚ t]c-W-bm¬ GX-t±iyKh¨sa‚p-Iƒ tam¿ amXyqkv AØ-\m-tkym-kns\ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ \nb-a\waqew ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k`bpsS saXm-\mbn, kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-f-f-W-sa∂v cmP-Iobhnfw-_cw ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. CXn-s∂-Xn-cmbn tam¿ Iqdn-temkpw kz]-£o-bcpw At]-£-Iƒ Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-s∂-¶nepw 1863¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Znhm≥ k¿ Sn. am[-h-dmhp]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® k¿°p-e¿ DØ-c-hn¬, saXm-t∏m-eo-Øsb FXn¿°m≥ Xp\n-bp-∂-h¿]´-°m-cm-bmepw Bflm-b-°m-cm-bmepw Ahsc in£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Zo¿L hnNm-cWIqSmsX ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw _ln-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw XmW-Xcw aPn-tk-´p-amsc A[n-Im-sc-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

am¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm Zo¿L-Imew apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bnepw Xncp-h-√-bnepw Xmakn-®n-´p-≠v. _mhmbv°v ae-bmf `mj \√ \n›-b-am-bn-cp-∂p.

apf-¥p-cpØn CS-h-I-bn¬ P\n-®p, ]n¬°m-eØv ae-¶-c-bpsS alm ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn Xo¿∂ NmØp-cp-Øn¬ Koh¿§o-kv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]cn-ip-≤n°v If-sam-cp-°n-bXv am¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bm-Wv. Xncp-ta\n siΩm-i-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ, kpdn-bm\n `mj-bnepw thZ-im-kvX-Ønepw hn]p-e-amb ⁄m\w kºm-Zn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ Bk-‡n-tbmsS, am¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-®p, injy-\n¬ hncm-Pn-®n-cp∂ _p≤n kma¿∞yhpw kz`m-h-Kp-Whpw a\- n-em-°nb Kpcp, 1041Xpem-am-k-Øn¬ Koh¿§okv siΩm-i\v, tIhew 18˛mw hb- n¬, aviwtimt\m ]´hpwASpØ amk-Øn¬ I»oim ]´hpw tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m ÿm\hpw \¬In. ae-¶-c-bn-ep≈ ]≈n-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v ]. Iqdn-temkv _mhm Xt∂m-sSm∏w Koh¿§okvtImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏msb IqSn sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]ap-J-cmb sshZo-I-cp-ambnCS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\pw X∑qew X∂n-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ssZhoI tXP v ae-¶-c-sbm-´msIshfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw CSbm-bn. IqSmsX bqbm°ow am¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bp-am-bp≈\nXy kº¿°-Øns‚ ê-ambn, BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bnse bXn-h-cy-∑m-cpsSPohn-X-N-cy-I-sf-∏‰n ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn-epw, kwKo-X-Ønepw Akm-am\y ]mWvVnXyw kºm-Zn-°p-hm\pw km[n-®p.

apf¥p-cpØn tZiØp \n∂v Xs∂ P\n-®p, ]n¬°m-eØv ae-¶c kpdn-bm\nk`m-bpsS Bflob t\Xmhpw ]ca kzmXn-I-cp-am-bn-Øo¿∂ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkvtam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-°v, ]tNm-Z-\-am-bXpw am¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bm-Wv. Xncp-ta\n _me-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Xs‚ kz`m-h-ip-≤n-bn¬ XmXvv-]cyw tXm∂n, tIhew9 hb v ]mb-ap≈t∏mƒ, ]. _mhm siΩm-i-]´w \¬In, mhn-bn¬ _mhm Xncp-a-\- ns‚ Xs∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬, Xm≥ GsXmcp kXy-hn-izmkw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v kz¥\mSn-t\bpw kzP-\-ß-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂v ]oV-Iƒ kln-®p-thm, Bhnizm-k--Øn¬ \n∂v AWp-hn-S-t]mepw hyXn-N-en-°m-sX, Xs‚ BSp-Isf \bn-°p-hm≥ X°i‡n-bpw-X-t‚-Shpw e`n-°p-sa-∂pff ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-tØm-sS-bm-bn-cn-

°Ww ]ueq-kns‚ Xe-bn¬ _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v ssIh-®-\p-K-ln-®-Xv._mhm-bpsS Nne ]kvXm-h-\-I-fn¬ X\n-°-]-am-\-I-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ Ds≠∂p

ImWn®p hcm-∏pg B¿®p _nj∏v 1036¬ _mhm-s°-Xn-cmbn 9999 cq]bv°v am\-\-jvS-Øn\v Hcp tIkvsIm-Sp-Øp. AXn-te°v DØcw Fgp-Xn-h-bv°p-∂-Xn\v ASpØ ]f-fn-°m¿ IqS-W-sa∂v _mhm-bpsS Hmtcm ]f-fn°pw Ab-®n-cp-∂p. Cu tIkv _mhmbv°vA\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n D≠m-bn. _mhm GXp ]f-fn-bn-se-¶nepw sN∂m¬ Ipsd Znh-k-ßtfm amk-ßtfm AhnsS Xma-kn-®p. ]f-fn-bp-tSbpw CS-h-I-bp-tSbpw P\-ß-fp-tSbpwA`n-hr-≤nsb∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-I-bpw, Bh-iy-ap-ff ÿe-ß-fn¬ acm-aØv \S-Øn-°p-IbpwA≤ym-flnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]´-°m-cpsS s]cp-am-‰w, P\-ßƒ°v BfloI Imcy-ß-fn¬Dff hnizmkw F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n Imcy-ambn At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p._mhmbv°v P\-ßƒ IÆn-ep-Æn-bm-bn-cp∂p. A°m-eØv Nne ]ffn-I-fn¬ If-fn-°-IØpw ap‰Øpw ihw Cń-cp∂ ]Xnhv \ndp-Ø¬ sNbvXv ]tXyI ih-t°m´ sIńAXn¬ ihw CSp∂ coXn \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øn. ae-¶cbn¬ Dff ]f-fn-I-fn¬ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp tXmtWmkv _mhm-bpsS \n¿t±-i-Ønepw ta¬t\m- -Ønepw BZy-ambn \n¿Ωn-®Xv (1044-˛1046) Ipdp-∏w-]Sn ]f-fn-bn¬ BWv. ]´-°m¿ hnhmlw sNbvXp IqSm F∂p-ff tdma≥ \pIw XI¿Øv ]´-°m-cpsS hnhmlw _mhm Xncp-ta\n I¿»-\-ambn \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øn. AXn-s\-∏‰n thßq¿ ]f-fn-bpsS nØn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ c≠p-hcn C]-Im-c-am-Wv. s]¨ sI´p IqSmsX ]´w In´p-I-bn-s√∂p Iqdn-tem-kns‚ N´w

Ad-_n, kpdn-bm\n XpS-ßnb ]uckvXy mj-I-fn¬ Akm-am\y ]mWvUnXywD≠m-bn-cp∂ _mhm ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂-Xn-\p-tijw ae-bm-f-`m-jbpw Hcp-hn[w hi-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Chn-sS-h®v Ct±lw At\-Isc kpdn-bm\n ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. ]tc-X-\mb]ueqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv (ap-dn-a-‰-Øn¬) saXm-t∏m-eoØ Ct±-l-Øns‚ injy-K-W-Øn¬ AtK-k-c\pw _mhm-bpsS acWw hsc At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w k©-cn-®n-´p≈Npcp°w Nne-cn¬ Hcp-h-\p-am-Wv. Ad-_n, sshZyw, tPymXn-imkvXw F∂n-h-bnepw_mhmbv° \√ Adnhpw kma¿∞yhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. imkvX-In-b-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw a‰pw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ A\-\y-km-[m-c-W-amb sshZKv≤yw tlXp-hmbn]e tcmKn-I-tfbpw A¤p-X-I-c-ambn kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. tPymXn-imkvXw kw_-‘n®v Ct±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]mShw At±lw t\csØ ]h-Nn-®n-´p≈ Imcy-ßƒ]eXpw ]n¬°m-eØv bmsXmcp t`Z-K-Xnbpw IqSmsX bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmbn Xo¿∂n-´p-≈-Xn¬ \n∂pw A\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

_mhsb kw_-‘n®v a‰p Nne hnh-c-ßƒ 1102 ‘kpdn-bm\n k`m-am-knI’3˛mw e°-Øn¬ \n∂v tImUo-I-cn®v Xmsg tN¿°p-I-bm-Wv. a≤y ]uc-kvXy-tZ-iw-˛-ssh-Zy-im-kvXw, hm\-imkvXw BZn-bm-b-h-bpsS D¤-h-ÿm-\-am-W-t√m. sshZy-ØnepwKWn-X-Ønepw _mhbv°v \√ kma¿∞y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-esØ coXn-bn-ep≈sNdnb ikvX-In-b-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xnepw _mhm-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ sshZKv[yw aqew]e tcmKn-Ifpw kpJ-s∏- n- p-≠v. _mh apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-tºmƒ kp]-kn≤ tPym’y\mbncp∂ ‘]mgq¿ IWn-bm¿’ _mhsb h∂p I≠p. IWn-bm-cpsS]mWvUn-Xy-a-dn™ _mh, Xs‚ Hcp ‘\jvS-Pm-XIw’ Fgp-X-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw,IWn-bm¿ AXv Xøm-dm-°n-s°m≠p hcn-Ibpw hfsc IrXy-ambn ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXp.Hcp Znhkw \n›-bn®v A∂v IWn-bm¿ hc-W-sa∂v _mh Bh-iy-s∏-´p. AX-\p-k-cn®vAbmƒ h∂-t∏mƒ Abm-fpsS \jvS-Pm-XIw _mh hmbn-®p- tIƒ∏n-°p-Ibpw, kp]-kn-≤-\mb B tPym’y≥-t]mepw A¤p-X-s∏´p t]mb-Xmbpw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

_mh ae-bm-f-sØØn Iptd-I-gn™v Ipdp-∏w-]Sn ]f-fn-bn¬ sh®m-sW∂ptXm∂p-∂p, Hcp Znhkw hn. Ip¿∫m\ Ign™v ]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-Sbv°v Xte ZnhkwXs‚ ktlm-Zcn \nZ ]m]n-®-Xmbn ]kvXm-hn-®p. Iptd-Zn-hkw Ign™v ioa-bn¬\n∂pw h∂ Fgp-Øn¬, ]kvXpX Znhkw Xs∂ ktlm-Zcn acn-®-Xmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂tX!

tam¿ amXyqkv AØm-\m-tkymkv 1031 ¬ tIm´bw knΩ-\mcn ] n¬ A®-Sn-∏n® \a-kv°mc ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ‘Ir] \nd™ adn-bsa’ F∂ ]m¿∞\ tN¿Øn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ hnizm-k-ho-c-\m-bn-cp∂ _mh, ]pen-t°m-ń¬ butk^v IØ-\msc(]n-∂oSv Znh-∂m-tkymkv 5˛ma≥) tImgn-t°m- -b®v \a-kvImc]pkvXIw 2000 ]Xn A®-Sn-∏n®v hcpØn hnX-cWw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ch A®-Sn-®Xv Imfn-lkvX apX-en-bm-cpsS I√-®n-em-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\pw ]pdsa Xe-ti-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp I√®p hmßn®v]e ]pkvX-I-ßƒ A®-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

_mhm-bpsS ImeØv A©mw ]mXn-b¿°okv Bb Du¿i-te-ans‚ saXm-t∏m-enØm Dd-lm-b-°m-c≥ A_p-tZZv \pltdm BIp∂ tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv _mh1032˛¬ ae-bmfw kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]. bdp-itew ssZhm-e-b-Øn-te°v [¿Ω-ti-Jcw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Bbn h∂n-cp-∂p. Hmtcm ]f-fn-°mcpw Ah-c-h-cpsS Ign-hp-t]mseklm-b-ßƒ sNbvXp. A°m-eØv ioa-tZ-i-tØ°v FgpØv Ab-°p-∂-Xn\v hS-°≥tZi-Øp-f-f-h¿°v sIm®n-bn¬ amX-amWv Hcp X]m¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. tam¿ Iqdn-temkv_mh \mń≥ ]pd-Øp-ff ]f-fn-I-fn¬ Np‰n k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ ioa-°p-ff IØp-IƒFgpXn Hcm-fpsS Iøn¬ sIm®n-bn-te°v sImSp-Ø-b®p X]m-en¬ C´p-h-∂n-cp-∂p. _mhm-bpsS bmXbv°v Hcp ta\mhpw Hcp IpXn-cbpw C´p∏p sF∏p F∂n-ßs\ c≠p hmey-°mcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

GI-tZiw Im¬ \q‰m-≠p-Imew ioa-bn¬ \n∂p ta¬]-´-°m-cpsS BK-a-\-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp L´-Øn-ep-≠mb _mh-mbpsS hchv ae-¶-c-bn-ep≈ kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ A]-cn-an-X-ambn kt¥mj _lp-am-\m-Zn-Iƒ Df-hm-°n. A∂ Hcp Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠v GI-tZiw 25000˛¬ ]cw Ddp-∏nI ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw _mhmbv°vssIap-Ømbn e`n®p ImWp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ Ah¿°p≈ `‡n _lp-am-\m-Z-c-hp-Iƒ Duln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. \ΩpsS hS-°≥ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \ho-I-c-tWm-]-tZiw]N-cn-°m≥ CS-bm-Im-™Xv _mhm-bpsS AXn-c‰ ]cn-i-a-ß-fp-sSbpw \njvI-f¶ lrZ-b-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw kXy-hn-izm-k- ÿn-cXbv°p th≠n At±lws]mgn® IÆp-\o-cn-s‚bpw e-ambn´msW∂v AXn-i-tbm‡n IqSmsX ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Imem-h-ÿ-tbbpw kzi-coc ÿnXn-tbbpw Ah-K-Wn®v kap-Zm-tbm-≤m-c-Wm¿∞w A\-h-cXw ITn-\m-≤zm\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ime-hn-fw-_-sa\y_mh ]cn-£o-W-\m-Ip-Ibpw HSp-hn¬ tcmK-_m-[n-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ][m-\-ambpwAt±-lsØ _m[n® tcmKw Xz°v tcmK-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]IrXym ss[cy-hm-\m-bn-cp∂_mhm Cu hI Akp-J-ßƒ \n m-c-ambn X≈n. AXn-\m¬ Zo\w ItaW h¿≤n-®pA]m-b-\n-e-bn-em-bn-Øo¿∂p. tcmKw aq¿≤-\ym-h-ÿ-bn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Hcp \√ `nj-Kz-c≥ IqSn-bmb _mh Xs∂ Nne imkvX-In-b-Iƒ sNøp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. CXp-aqew tcmK-Øn\v XXv°mew ia-\-ap-≠m-sb-¶nepw ikvX-Inb aqew D≠mb hrW-Ønse ]gp∏v kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™n-√. Ah-km\w Cu kpJ-t°Sp Xs∂-bmWvac-W-tl-Xp-hmbn Xo¿∂-Xv. C°m-eØv _mhm, Xm≥ Xs∂ Xncp-h-√-bn¬ ]Wn-I-gn-∏n® Nmen-ticn ]≈n-bn-emWv Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. A¥y-Imew hS-°≥ CS-h-I-I-fn-se-hn-sSsb-¶nepw Ign-®p-Iq-´-W-sa∂v At±-l-Øn\v AXn-bmb BK-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-


10. ]. b¬tZm-am¿ _tb-en-tbmkv a^n-bm\ _mhm-bpsS IqsS h∂- am¿ Cuhm\nbkvlnZm-b-Øp≈ _mhm Cu ]≈n-bn¬ Zq¿L-\mƒXm-a-kn®v, A.D.1693 Nnßw 3 (B-KÃv 16)\v Imew sNbvXv, Cu ]≈n aZv_-lm-bn¬ sX°v hiØvaZv_-lm-bn¬ sX°v hiØI_-d-S-°vs∏- p.11. A.D 1748- ¬ ae-¶-c-bn-te-°v- A-b-°-s∏´ tam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv bqlm-t\m≥ _m¿ Adm°vPn≥Pn _mhm Cu ]≈n-bn¬ hfsc \vƒ Xma-kn®v siΩm-i-∑m-tcbpw Ipń-I-tfbpw kpdn-bm\n k`m-]-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ A`y-kn-∏n-®n-cp∂p.12. A.D 1741- ¬ ae-¶-c-bn-te-°v- A-b-°-s∏´ iI≈ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv a^n-bm\ _mhm,]e-]m-hiyw Cu ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂≈n ]m¿°p-Ibpw CS-h-Isb kXy-hn-iz-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.13. ]pCu ]≈n aZv_-lm-bn¬ hS°v hiØv I_-d-S-°-s∏´p.Wy-s∏´ iI≈ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv _mhmbpsS IqsS h∂ tbcp-i-te-ans‚ ]mXn-b¿°okv am¿ Ko-tKm-dn-tbmkvbqlm-t\m≥ _mhm A.D 1773 anYp\w 27(-Pqsse 10) Imew sNbvXv Cu ]≈n aZv_-lm-bn¬ hS°v hiØv I_-d-S-°-s∏´p.14. tam¿ Ko-tKm-dn-tbmkv bqlm-t\m≥ _mhmbpsS injy-\m-bn-cp∂v ta¬]´ ÿm\tØ°vDb¿Ø-s∏´ Cu CS-h-I-bnse Im´p-a-ßm´v A_lmw am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n (Im´p-a-ßm´v henb _mhm) A.D 1802 anYp\w 27-˛mw XobXn (-Pqsse 10) Imew sNbvXv A™qdv]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏´p.15. Im´p-a-ßm´p henb _mhm-bpsS A\p-P-\m-bn-cp∂v ta¬]´ ÿm\-tØ°v Db¿Øs∏´Knh¿Zok vtam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n (Im´p-a-ßm´v Cfb _mhm) A.D 1809 CShw 16-˛mwXobXn (sa-bv 29) Imew sNbvXv shń-°¬ Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏´p.16. C¥y-bpsS doiv F∏n-kvtIm-∏-bmbn Ab-°-s∏´ bnbm°nw tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm 29h¿j-°mew ae-¶c k`-bv°p-th≠n A≤z-\n-°p-Ibpw A.D.1874 Nnßw 20-˛mw (sk-]vXw.2)Imew Cu ]≈nbpsS hS°v `mKØv I_-d-S-°-s∏´pIbpw sNbvXp.17. A.D.1876 anYp\w 15,16,17 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ ]:C·m-Øn-tbmkv ]tXmkv XnXn-b≥ ]mXn-bm¿°okv _mhm,a-e-¶c kp∂-l-tZm-kv(-ap-f-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv) Cu]-≈n-bn¬ h®vhnfn-®p-°pń ae-¶c Atkmkn-tb-j≥ cq]n-I-cn-®p. XZ-h-k-c-Øn≥, ]cn: ]mXn-bm¿°v#nkv_mhm ap-f-¥p-cpØnsb c≠mw sbcp-itew Bbn ]-Jym-]n-®p.18. a-e-¶cbn¬ BZy-ambn A.D.1876 Nnßw15\v Cu ]≈n-bn¬ h®v ]tXmkv XnXn-b≥]mXn-bm¿°nkv _mhm hn.aq-tdm≥ IqZm-i-\-S-Øn.19. Cu CS-h-Ibv°v ]cn: k -tbmSpw At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-tØm-Sp-ap≈ ‡nbpw, Iqdpwhnt[-b-Xzhpw ]Jym-]n-°p∂ 1052 se -ap-f-¥p-cpØn ]Sn-tbme F∂v hnJym-X-amb DS-ºSnA.D.1876 HmZÃv 19-˛mw XobXn cPn-Ã¿ sNø-∏-´p.20. A. D 1876-˛am≠v Nnßw 7˛mw XobXn, apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-h-I-bm-bn-cp∂ shń-°¬ Ipcn-ip-]-≈nbpw hkvXp-h-I-I-fpw, ]. k`-bv°p-th-≠n, s]mXp-hm-bp≈ Hcp Zbdm ÿm]-\-am°n Xo¿°-Ø-°-hÆw ]. ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm t]¿°v Xosd-gpXn sImSp-Øp. CXn-\p-tijw ]. _mhm Sn. Ipcn-ip-]-≈nsb Hcp Zbd Bbn ]Jym-]n-®p.21. ]pWy-s∏´ bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bpsS injy-\m-bn-cp∂p ]. ]tXmkvXrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh-bm¬ taev]-´-ÿm-\-tØ°v Db¿Ø-s∏´v ]n¬°m-eØvae-¶-c-bpsS ]Jym-]nX ]cn-ip-≤-\mbn Xo¿∂ Cu CS-h-I-bnse NmØp-cp-Øn¬ Koh¿Kokvtam¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n (sIm-®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n) A. D 1902 Xpemw 20\v (\hw-_¿ 2)Imew sNbvXv ]cp-ae ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-´p. ]. ]nXmhv Xncp-_-en-°p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂Imkm Cu ]≈n-bn¬ kq£n-®n-´p-≠v.22. A. D 1911 BKÃv 6\v ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv A_vZpƒ ZznXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmCu ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂-f-fp-I-bpw, Chn-sS-h®v hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

am¿tØm-a≥ ]≈n apf-¥p-cpØn Ncn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS..... 23. ]pWy-s∏´ bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bpsS as‰mcp injy-\m-bn-cp∂p taev]´ÿm\Øv Db¿Ø-s∏-´v, ]n∂oSv ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØ Bbn-Øo¿∂ Cu CS-h-I-bnsesIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]ueqkv tam¿ Iqdn-sekv Xncp-ta-\n A. D 1917 [\p 1\v (Un-kw-_¿ 14)Imew sNbvXv. ]mWw-]-Sn-]-≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-´p.24. Unkw-_-dn¬, hn. tXmam-«olm mc-X-Øn¬ h∂-Xns‚ 19˛mw iX-h-’c Pq_nen mc-X-sam-´msI BtLm-jn-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Cu ]≈n-bnepw BtLm-jn-°p-I-bpw, ]n∂oSv F√mh¿jhpw Unkw-_¿ 18 apX¬ 21 hsc tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS Nc-a-kva-cW Pq_nen s]cp-∂mƒ F∂ t]cn¬ Cu ]≈n-bn¬ BtLm-jn®p hcn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.25. A. D 1964 Pq¨ 15\v ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmCu ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n.26. A. D 1967 ¬ Cu ]-≈n°v Hcp hyh-ÿm-]nX `c-W-L-S\ Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√m-t°m-SXnAwKo-I-cn®p \S-∏n-em-°n.27. A. D 1972 Unkw-_¿ 18 apX¬ 21 hsc, tam¿ tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS c‡-km-£n-Xz-Øns‚19˛mw iX-h-’c Pq_nen Cu ]≈n-bn¬ sIm≠m-Sn.28. s^_p-hcn 13˛mw XobXn, a™-\n-°c I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Ombm NnX-hpw, I_-dn-¶¬ \n∂p FSpØ Xncp-ti-jn∏pwCu ]≈n-bpsS sXt° hcm-¥-bn¬ Ing-°p-h-iØv ]tXyIw Xøm¿ sNbvX kvamcI apdn-bn¬ ÿm]n-®p. Xs‚ PohnX ImeØv Cu ]ffn kµ¿in-°-W-sa-∂p≈ ]. ]nXm-hns‚BK-lhpw At±-lsØ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ CS-h-°m-cpsS A`n-em-jhpw \mep ]Xn-‰m-≠n\p tijw Xs‚ Xncp-ti-jn-∏-\pw, Ombm-Nn-X-Øn\pw hºn® hc-thev]v \¬In-s°m≠v\nd-th-‰n.29. A. D 1982 am¿®v 11\v ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm Cuhmkv ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhm apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn-se-gp-∂-≈n.30. 1987 Unkw-_¿ 20\v C¥y-bpsS Imh¬ ]nXm-hv tam¿ tXmam-«o-lm-bp-sS-bpw, ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bp-sS-bpw, ]. b¬tZm tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv _mhm-bp-sSbpw ae-¶-c-bpsS ]. Koh¿Kokv tam¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n (]. sIm®pXncp-ta-\n) bpsSbpw ]mh\ \ma-ßƒ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ Xp_vtZ-\n¬ kvacn-°Ø°hÆw tN¿Øp-sIm-≠p-ff ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm Cuhmkv ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsSalXv ]Jym-]\w Cu ]≈n-bn¬ h®v \S-Ø-s∏-´p.31. A. D 1994 Pqsse 3\v ZpJvtdmt\m s]cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v hn. tXmam-«o-lm-bpsSXncp-ti-jn∏v ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm Cuhmkv ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsSI¬∏\ ]Im-cw, Cdm-°nse aqk-en¬ \n∂pw ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒae-¶-c-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw Cu ]≈n-bn¬ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.32. ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm Cuhmkv ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm, `mc-X-Øn-te-°p≈ Xs‚ c≠mw ss«lnI kµ¿i-\-Øn¬, 2000 G]n¬ 19˛mw XobXn Cu ]≈n-bn¬Fgp-∂-≈n.33. ae-¶-c-bpsS ]. Koh¿§okv tam¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n (]. sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n) bpsSH∂mw Nca iXm-_vZn-bpsS Hcp h¿jw \o≠p\n∂ BtLm-j-Øns‚ k`m-Xe DZvLm-S\w2002 \hw-_¿ 2\v Cu ]-≈n-bn¬ BtLm-jn-°-s∏-´p. iXm_vZn kvamc-I-ambn ]. ]nXm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ Hcp [ym\ aµn-chpw kvamcI I_dpw Cu ]≈n-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.34. ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm Cuhmkv ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm, mc-X-Øn¬ Xs‚aq∂m-asØ ss«lnI kµ¿i-\-Øn¬ apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ ho≠pw Fgp-∂-≈p-Ibpw 2004sk]v‰w-_¿ 27mw XobXn Chn-sS-h®v hnfn®pIq -s∏´ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\nAt m-kn-tb-j≥ tbmK-Øn¬ (2˛mw apf¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kv) A≤y£X hln-°-Ibpw sNbvXp. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈nsb C¥ybnseskln-tbm-\mbn ]Jym-]n-®p.

∂p. CXn-\p-apºv Xs∂ _mhmsb apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ h®v Rh-c-°ngn Xncp-Ω¬ \S-Øp-Ibpw thsdm-cn-°¬ ]ngn-®n¬ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-aq-ehpw hfscb[nIw Imewapf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bnepw shń-°¬ Zb-dm-bnepw Ign-®p-Iq- n-bXp aqehpw _mhmbv°vapf-¥p-cp-Øn-tbmSpw Chn-SpsØ Bfp-I-tfmSpw hfsc ]tXyI XmXv]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Nmen-ticn ]≈n-bn¬ kpJ-t°-Smbn InS-°p-tºmƒ Hcn-°¬ _mhm-bpsStcmKh¿Ø-am-\-a-dn™v apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ \n∂v H∂p-c≠p ]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ _mhmsbImWp-∂-Xn-\mbn Nmen-ti-cn-bn-se-Øn. At∏mƒ _mh apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn-te°v t]mcp-∂-Xn\pw injvSm-bp- n-hnsS Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Xs‚ XmXv]cyw Ahsc Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ kt¥m-j-k-taXw _mhmsb sIm≠p-t]m-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ bmX Hcp-°-ßƒ sNøp-Ibpw, Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp. sI´p-h-≈-Øn-emWv _mhmbpw]m¿ńbpw bmX t]m∂-Xv. h≈w sX°≥ ]d-hq¿ ]≈n-°-S-hn-se-Ønbt∏mƒ B ]≈n-°m-cpsS XmXv]-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v _mh AhnsS Cd-ßp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS \n¿_-‘-]-ImcwA∂-hnsS Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbv-Xp. _mhm sX°≥ ]d-hq-cn-se-Øn-bn- p-s≠-∂-dn™vapf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ \n∂pw hf-sc-b-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ sX°≥ ]d-hq-cn-se-Øp-Ibpw_mhmsb Chn-tS°v tLmj-bm-X-bmbn sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. sIm. h.1049 I¿°-S-amkw Ah-km-\-amWv _mh apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn-se-Øn-b-Xv. ChnsS h∂ tijw_mh ]≈n-tbmSv tN¿∂v sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ apdn-bn-emWv Xma-kn-®ncp∂Xv. _mhm-bpsSZo\-Im-eØv sX°pw hS-°p-ap≈ [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ At±-lsØ h∂p-I-≠p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ hntcm-[n-bm-bn-cp∂ amXyqkv am¿ AØ-\m-tkymkpw ChnsS h∂v _mhmsbkµ¿in-®p. Ah¿ XΩn¬ Zo¿L-t\cw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw _mhm-bpsS ASp-°¬ h®vAt±lw Hcp kpdn-bm\n KoXw AXn-c-k-I-c-ambn sNm√p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xm≥ _mhm-tbmSvsNbvXn-´p≈ ka-kvXm-]-cm-[-ßfpw £an-°-W-sa∂v _mhm-tbmSv At]-£n-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. “kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmhv \o sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv \nt∂mSv £an-°p-sa-¶n¬ Rm\pw£an-®-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ At±lw \nt∂mSv Fßs\ £an°pw?” F∂m-bn-cp-∂p-_mhmbpsS adp-]-Sn.

_mh apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ A[n-I-\mƒ Xma-kn-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw tcmK-_m-[n-X-\mbnIpd-®p-Im-eta InS-t°≠n h∂n-´p-≈q. apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-°m¿ At±-lsØ btYm-NnXw]cn-N-cn-®p. apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bnse ]uc-]-[m-\nbpw ]≈n-°m-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]tc-X-\mb Nmen¬sIm®p-tImc CXn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw _mhm-bpsS A¥y-Imew hsc _mhm-tbm-sSm-∂n®v ]≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1050 Nnßw 19˛mw XobXn AkvX-an®v]nt‰ Znhkw sNm∆mgvN ]`m-X-Øn¬ aq∂-c-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn At±lw Xs‚ Cl-tem-I-bm-Xsb Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ Bflmhv ]c-a-]Zw ]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Xs‚ acWw ASp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw X∑qew Bcpw k¶-S-s∏-Sp-Itbm hyk-\n-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-sX∂pw arX-i-cocw aZv_-lm-bn¬ Ib-‰p-Itbm AhnsS kwkvI-cn-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-sX∂pw aZv_-l-bpsS hS-°p-`m-KØv Xm≥ ]tXyIw ImWn-®p-sIm-SpØÿeØp Xs∂ kwkvI-cn-°-W-sa∂pw ih-Ip-Socw Ae-¶-cn-°p-Itbm _lp-am-\n-°p-ItbmsNø-cp-sX∂pw _mhm Xs‚ kvt\ln-X-∑m-cmbn IqSn-bn-cp-∂-h-tcmSv Xte Znhkw Xs∂]d-t™¿s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. A∂v ]mXn-cm-Xn°v apºmbn _mh NqSp-sh≈wXøm-dm°n®v Ipfn-°p-Ibpw, ÿm\-h-kvX-ßfpw a‰pw [cn®v ]≈n-b-IØv ]th-in®v Xs‚kabw ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂p F∂v ]d™v ]m¿∞n-®n´v InS-°p-Ibpw, InS-∂p-sIm≠v _mhXs∂ hnizm-k-]-amWw aq∂p ]mhiyw sNm√p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. CXn-s\√mw tij-amWv B]pWy-t«m-I≥ \nXy-X-bn-te°v B\-bn-°-s∏- -Xv. Xs‚ arX-tZlw aq∂mw Znh-kta kwkvI-cn-°mhq F∂pw ]tXyIw B⁄m-]n-®n-cp-∂p. _mhm-bpsS \n¿t±-i-Øn\p hn]-co-X-ambnarX-tZlw aZv_-lm-bn¬ Ib-‰p-I-bp-≠m-bn. XXv£Ww aZv_-lm-bn¬ Xq°n-bn-cp∂ hnf-°ns‚ Zzmc-Øn¬ IqSn Hcp-Xcw IdpØ sN≈v \nc¥-c-ambn hogphm≥ XpS-ßn. \nan-j-

]pWy-t«m-I-\mb bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv ... t\cw sIm≠v CXv aZv_-lmbpw ]ffn-bIhpw \nd-™p. P\-ßƒ°v \n¬°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-s√-∂m-bn. KXy-¥-c-an-√msX arX-tZlw aZv_-lm-bn¬ \n∂n-d-°n. DSs\ Xs∂ sN≈n≥Iq-´hpw \n∂p. At∏m-gmWv _mh t\csØ ]d-™n-cp∂ Imcyw Xs‚ h’-e-in-jy-∑m¿ Hm¿Ωn-®-Xv. _mhm-bpsS \ncymW hm¿Ø-b-dn™v kao] CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n-s∂-√m-h-cpw ]≈n-km-am-\-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn lmP-cm-bn. ih-kw-kvImc ipiq-j-Iƒ am¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ Ah¿I-fpsS ][m-\-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬ At\I sshZoI KW-ß-fp-sSbpw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v `‡-P-\-X-Xn-bp-sSbpw kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn \S-Øp-Ibpw aq∂mw Znhkw_mhm Ah¿Iƒ ]tXyIw G¿∏mSv sNbvXn-cp-∂Xp t]mse aZv_-lm-bpsS hS-°p-h-iØvbYm-hn[n kwkvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

_mhm-bpsS tij-In-bmZn ASn-b-¥n-c-ß-sf√mw bYm-Imew \S-Ø-s∏-´p. 30˛mwZnhkw ASn-b-¥n-c-Øn\v \S-h-chv C\-Øn¬ 2000 cq]-bn¬ ]cw (A--∂sØ Ime-Øv) hc-hp-≠mbn F∂p-Im-Wp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ A∂sØ P\-_m-lp-eysØ Duln-°-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-Zn-h-k-amb 19, 20, Xob-Xn-Iƒ F√m-h¿jhpw apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn¬ BtLmj ]q¿∆w-sIm≠m-Sp-Ibpw hnZqc CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂p-t]mepw Xo¿∞m-S-I-cmbn B ]pWy-t«m-Is‚ k∂n-[m-\-Øn¬ `‡-P-\-ßƒ h∂p-tN¿∂v t\¿®-Im-gvN-IƒA¿∏n-°p-Ibpw A\p-K-l-ßƒ ]m]n®v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-cp-∂p. ktlm-Z-c≥a°p-Zn-im, At±-l-Øns‚ acWw hsc F√m h¿jhpw _mhm-bpsS Hm¿Ω Znhkw ChnsShcnI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. _mhm-bpsS hI-bmbn Cu ]≈n-bn¬ (ap-f-¥p-cp-Øn) henbt\mºnse \a-kvI-c-a-S-ßnb Hcp kpdn-bm\n ssIsø-gp-Øp- ]p-kvXIw Ct∏mgpw kq£n-®n-´p-≠v. At±lw ioa-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠p h∂n-´p-≈-Xmb aqtdm≥ F∂ hn. ssXe-Øns‚Hcp `mKhpw ChnsS kq£n-®n-´p-≠v.

arX-i-cocw aq∂mw Znhkw \Kcn ImWn-∏n-\mbn Db¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ Hcp IÆn-\ev]wsshIeyw kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXv bmZr-—bm \ne-Øp-ho-gm-\n-S-bm-bn. CXp-I≠p-\n-∂hcn¬ s]cp-º-≈n-°m-c≥ Hc-i-cocn Bt£-]-kq-N-I-ambn Ft¥m kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw Nncn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XXv^-e-ambn Ahs‚ Hcp ]ip A∂p Xs∂ InW-‰n¬ hoWp NmIp-∂-Xn\pw, A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX Ahs‚ c≠p IÆns‚bpw ImgvN \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-bn. Cu kw`hw kao-]-hm-kn-Iƒs°√mw `b-Øn\pw _mhm-tbm-Sp≈ `‡n-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-°n.

]pWy-s∏´ _mhm-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Zn-h-k-amb Nnßw 20 s]cp-∂mƒ, F√m h¿jhpwBKÃv 28 apX¬ sk]vXw-_¿ 2 hsc apf-¥p-cp-Øn-]-≈n-bn¬ BtLm-j-]q¿∆w sIm≠m-Sp-∂p.

ae-bm-fsØ kpdn-bm\n k`m-a-°sf kvXpXn sNm∆m-°-s∏´ hnizm-k-Øn¬ ÿnc-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn kz¥w \mSpw hoSpw hn´v ae-¶-c-bn-seØn apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pWy-s∏´ _mhm-bpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A`-b-s∏´ k¿∆-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Xn-cp-ap-ºmsI ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn _mhm-bpsS im≤-s]-cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v apf-¥p-cpØn I_-dn-¶-te°v F√m h¿jhpw sk]vXw-_¿ 1 \v PmXn-a-X-t`-Z-sat\y Xo¿∞m-S-Icpw FØp-∂p.

Cu hnip-≤s‚ 1˛mw Nc-a-i-Xm_vZn 1974 sk]vXw-_-dn¬ apf¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn¬BtLm-j-]q¿∆w sIm≠m-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

am¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v ]e A¤p-X-I-c-amb GSp-IfpwAS¿Øn-Im-Wn-°p-hm-\p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp-amXw Xmsg Ipdn-°p-∂p.

_mhm apf¥p-cpØn am¿tØm-a≥ ]≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Imew. ]kn-≤-\mb]mgq¿ IWn-bm-sc-°p-dn®v tI´v Bf-b-®p-h-cp-Øn. Ipi-em-t\z-j-W-Øn\p tijw Xs‚ Hcp\jvS PmXIw Fgp-Xmtam F∂p tNmZn-®p. IWn-bm¿ kt¥mjw ]pc- cw kΩ-Xn-®p. \n›nXXoø-Xn-bn¬ IWn-bm¿ PmXI klnXw lmP-cm-bn. Pm-XIw hmbn® _mhm k¥p-jvS-\m-sW∂v B apJ-`mhw hnfn-®-dn-bn-®p. IWn-bm¿°v kt¥mjw h¿≤n-®p. Xs‚ ]Xn-^-ehpwtami-am-hn-s√∂v B km[p a\- n-ep-d-®p. F∂m¬ _mhm sImSpØ ]Xn-êw IWn-b-cpsS Hcp \jvS-Pm--XIw _mhm Xs∂ Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

21˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®


alm tPymXn- mb iI≈ _mh Xncp-ta\nProf. O.M. Mathew Oruvattithara, M.A., L.L.B., M.A. (R.Sc), Rtd.Professor of Baselios College, Kottayam

ae-¶-c-bn¬ ]nd-°m-sX, ae-bm-f-a-Æn¬ ad™ iI≈ _mh Xncpta\n, k`m X\-b-cpsS a\-kn¬\n∂pw ambmsX ad-bmsX alm-tPym-Xn- mbn C∂pw hncm-Pn-°p-∂p.k`m-a-°-fpsS \n o-a-amb ‡ym-Z-c-hp-Iƒ°¿l-\m-bn, ÿnc-]-XnjvT t\Sn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p At±-lw.

1751-˛mw B≠n¬ At±lw sIm®n-bn-se-Øn. sshcp≤y-Øn¬ Bbn-cp∂ k`sbD÷o-hn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]kvXpX ZuXy-\n¿∆-lWw `mKo-I-ambn \n¿∆-ln-®-Xn\v tijwGXm≠v Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew tIc-f-Ønse AP-K-W-ßsf ipiq-jn®pw kXy-hn-izm-k-[m-c-bn¬ kpÿn-c-am-°nbpw PohnXw \bn®v 1764˛¬ a- m-t©cn ]≈n-bn¬h®v \ncym-X-\m-bn. I≠-\mSv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bn¬ At±lw kwkvI-cn-°-s∏-´p.

]m¿∞\m \n¿ -c-amb hnizm-k-hpw, ]h¿Ø-\m-]q-cn-X-amb Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw ka-ky-bm°n kayp-∂-b-ambn ktΩ-fn-∏n® hmIv A¿∞-Xpeyw th¿s]-Sp-Øm-\m-hmØhn[w Cgp-°n-t®¿Ø ssZh-im-kvX-Øn¬ A[njvTnXam-bn-cp-∂p, _mh Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSPohn-Xw. B¿`m-S-c-ln-X-hpw, Ah-[qX Xpey-hp-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. AXp-X-s∂-bmWvAXns\ DZmØ \ne-bn-se-Øn-®-Xpw, DØa \nZ¿i-\-am-°n-b-Xpw. Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnhn[Xpd-bnepw sshhn≤y Xe-ß-fnepap≈ ]c-»Xw hy‡n-Iƒ Cu [\ym-flm-hns‚ XymtKm-÷z-e-amb Po-hn-X-Øn\v km£yw hln-°p-∂p-≠v.

_mh Xncp-ta\n ae-¶-c-bn¬ F¥n-\mbn FØn F∂Xv Kln-°p-hm≥ Ncn-X-]-T\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. ae-¶-c-bn¬ A[n-Im-cm-[n-]Xyw ÿm]n-°p-hm-\p≈ A`n-\n-thiwaqe-am-bn-cp-∂n-√, adn®v k`m-X-\-b-cpsS CwKn-X-\n-h¿Øn-°m-bn- mWv At±-lhpw A\p-N-c∑mcpw \nc-h[n bmX-\-Iƒ kln®v Imcm-Kr-l-hmkw t]mepw A\p-`-hn®v ChnsSFØn-b-Xv. A°m-eØv ae-¶c k`sb cn-®n-cp-∂Xv ]I-tem-a‰w am¿tØmΩ A©m-a-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ HutZym-KnI ÿm\-Øn\v A\yq-\-amb A∏-kvtXm-en-IXD≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. A∂sØ hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ Hcp hn`mKw Cu \yq\-X-bp-ambn k‘n-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√. AXn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√. A∏-kvtXm-enI ]mc-º-cysØIÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-t]mse kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn- p≈ Hcp-hn- mKw Hcp ]t£\yq\-]-£-am-bn- m-sW-¶n-epw, ae-¶-c-k- -bn¬ F°m-ehpw Ah-ti-jn-®n- p-≠v F∂p-≈-XmWv ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS Poh-ssN-X-\yw. am¿tØmΩ A©m-a-t\m-Sp≈k`m-fl-I-amb FXn¿∏v Hcp-hn[w ]I-S-am-°p-I-sIm≠pw k`m-¥-co£w Iep-jn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. k`-bpsS k¿§m-fl-IX kvXw`n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv kzm`m-hnIw amXw.am¿tØmam Xs∂bpw kzÿm-\-Øns‚ hnI-eX ]cn-l-cn-®p-In-´p-hm-\mbn ]cn-ip≤At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-tØmSv Ahn-cmaw At]-£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p F∂p≈bmYm¿∞yw e÷-tl-Xp-I-ambn ad-®p-sh-bvt°-≠-Xn-√. CXv Kln-°p-hm≥ k`-bpsSImt\m≥ kwlnX ]Tn-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bm¬ aXn-bm-Ipw.

avinlm Xºp-cm-\m-Ip∂ alm tkmX- n¬\n∂v ]`-hn®v hn. ]tXm-kn-\m¬ ]cn-]m-en-X-amb At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn-eqsS ]h-ln-s®-¶nte ]utcm-lnXy \¬hcwkm[p-hm-Ip-I-bp≈q F∂v ]. Imt\m≥ ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-≠v. XmXzoX ZrjvSym A∏-kvtXm-enI \¬h-c-Øns‚ A\yq-\hpw, A\-kyq-X-hp-amb ]hm-l-Øn\v ssXøm-anIX\¬Ip-∂Xv ÿm\ ZmXm-hn-s‚bpw ÿm\ kzoIm-cy-I-t‚bpw Dt±-i-ip-≤n-tbm, kXv\n-tbm-Ktam A-tX. am¿tØmam F∂-dn-b-s∏´ A¿°p-Zn-bm-t°m\v "A©mw am¿tXma'F∂ HutZym-KnI \ma-tam, ]Z-hntbm \¬In Ah-tcm-[n-°p-hm≥ kwip-≤-amb Dt±-i-Øn-s‚-tbm, \ntbm-K-Øn-s‚tbm ]I-S-amb A`mhw tlXp-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iptd-°qSnhy‡-am-°mw. \memw am¿tXma At_m-[m-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv Btcm At±-l-Øns‚ Xe-bn¬\n∂pw ÿm\-apSn FSp-Øv, A©mw am¿tXm-a-bpsS inc-kn¬ NqSn-b-Xv. B ÿn-Xn°v \memw am¿tXma Xs‚ A\-¥-c-Km-an-bmbn kzA-\n-¥-c-h-\mbtXmakv ]I-tem-a-‰-Øns\ Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bpI hnj-a-am-Wv. Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂n√F∂ ]d-bp-∂-XmIpw ]‰n-b-Xv. CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ Hcp kwKXn hy‡-am-°-s´. k`m-N-cn-XsØ kw£n-]vX-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn-®m¬ ImWp∂ Hcp ]Xn- m-k-ap-≠v. Imt\m-\n-IhpwIf-¶-c-ln-Xhpw ImX-em-b-Xp-amb ss«loI ]n¥p-S¿®-bv°p≈ D¬°-S-amb hyK-X-bmWv ]Ir-X-Ønse hnh-£. B \nebv°v A©mw am¿tXma F∂ AXy-\m-am-hv,Xs‚ ÿm\-ssh-Ieyw ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥ ]cn-i-an-®p-sh-¶n¬ A¤p-X-Øn\v Ah-Im-i-an-√.

A©mw am¿tXm-am-bpsS Cu Zriy A`y¿∞\ At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w kzoI-cn-®p. ]cn-ip≤ knwlm-k-\m-cq-V-\m-bn-cp∂ Koh-dp-Kokv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhiI≈ a^n-bm-s\bpw Du¿«anse am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ aqk-enseam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∏n-kvtIm∏, Hcp tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏, GXm\pw Imio-i-∑m¿,Ipsd siΩm-i-∑m¿ F∂n-h-c-S-ßp∂ ZuXy-kw-LsØ ae-¶-c-bn-tebv°v Ab-®p. CusshZoI kwL-am-Wv e¥-°-∏-en¬ 1751- ¬ sIm®n-bn-se-Øn-®-Xv. ae-¶-c-bn-tebv°v Ab-bv°p-∂-h-cpsS bmXm-sNehv Xm≥ hln-®p-sIm≈mw F∂ Hcp Icm¿ e¥-°-∏¬Iº-\n-bp-ambn am¿ tXmam D≠m-°n-bn-cp∂XpsIm-≠mWv _mhmbpw kwLhpw e¥-°-∏-en¬ k©-cn-®Xv. I∏¬ sIm®n-bn¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ am¿ tXmamtbm At±-l-Øns‚Bƒ°m-cn¬ Bsc-¶n-eptam Xpd-apJ ]cn-k-c-Øp-t]mepw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. I∏¬Iqene`n-bv°mIbm¬ Iº-\n-°m¿ £p`n-X-cm-bn. U®p AYh e¥-°m-cpsS Iam≥U-dpsSA\p-aXn IqSmsX Xncp-kwLw sIm®n-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Xmhfw hn´p-t]m-I-cp-sX∂vHcp hne-°pw.

XS-¶-en¬ Ign-bpw-hn[w ae-¶-c-bn-tebv°v £W-]-Imcw h∂ kwL-°m-sc√mw\mfp-Iƒ X≈n-°-gn-®p. ]≈n-°c ]≈n-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ am¿tXma A©m-a≥ Xs‚AXn-Yn-bmbn FØnb Xncp-kw-LsØ kzoI-cn-°mt\m Ah-cpsS bmXm-°qen \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ hyhÿ sNømt\m Iq´m-°m-sX-bn-cp-∂Xv kaky Xs∂. ]s£ ]Xy-£-Øn¬ AXv A£-¥-hy-amb IrXy-hn-tem]w Xs∂ F∂v kΩ-Xnt® aXn-bm-hq.am¿tXmam A©m-a-\p-ambn IqSn-Im-Wp-hm≥ _mh kwLw _lp-hn-t[-\bpw ian-s®-¶nepw am¿ tXmam AXn¬\n-s∂√mw Hgn-™p-amdn F∂mWv Ncn-X-tc-J-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. AXv At±-l-Øns‚ kzmX-¥y-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw At¥ym-Jy-bpsS apºn¬ ae-¶-csb Xf-bv°p-∂-Xn\v FXn-cm-bp≈ IpXql-e-X-bp-tSbpw sXfn-hp-I-fmbn B[q-\nINcn-X-Im-c-am-\y-∑m¿ ian-°p-∂Xv hnNnXw Xs∂. CXpIm-Wp-tºmƒ "B\-sb Im-◊m\pw shs≈-gptØm' F∂ Ihn-hmIyw A\p-kva-cn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. ]kvXpX ]fin-X-am-\y-∑m-cpsS hmZ-K-Xn-bpsS Ip¥-ap\ HSn-°p-hm≥ am¿tXmam A©m-a-s‚bpw A\-¥-c-Km-an-bp-sSbpw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kwKlw Kln-®m¬ aXn-bm-Ipw. BtcmSpw hmZn-°p-hm\pw hmZn-®p-P-bn-°p-hm\pw AK-l-an-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp ]kvXm-h\ amXw\SØn kw`-h-Øns‚ hnhn[ hymJym-\-ßƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. Ft∏m-sf-t∏mƒae-¶-c-k` ssh[hyw aqew A\m-Yam-bn-´p-t≠m, At∏m-sgms° k`sb k\m-Y-am-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv At¥ymJy, AeIvkmfinb XpS-ß-nb knwlm-k-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. as‰mcpcoXn-bn¬ ]kvXm-hn-®m¬ "H∂v' F∂ A°-Øns‚ he-Øp-`m-K-Ømbn "]qPy-ßƒ'CSpw-tXmdpw kJym-_ew Iam-\p-K-X-ambn h¿≤n-°p-sa∂pw H∂v F∂ A°-an-√msXFX-tbsd ]qPy-ßƒ \nc-Øn-bmepw AXn\v AkvXnXz-ap-≠m-ImsX ip≤ iq\y-am-bn-Øs∂ \ne-sIm-≈p-sa-∂p≈ k`m-hn-⁄m-\nbw k`m-a-°ƒ°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CXp-sIm-≠mWv H∂v F∂ hnh-jn-Xamb ss«loI knwlm-k-\-tØmSv tN¿∂v ae-¶-c-LS-IsØ \n¿Øp-hm≥ ]q¿∆ kqcn-Iƒ F°m-ehpw BK-ln-®-Xv. CXn\v Dt]mZv_e-ambn B[q-\nI Ime-Øp-≠mb Hcp kw`hw hnh-cn-°mw. A_vZp≈ ]mXn-b¿°okv_mh Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv FXn¿°p-Ibpw apS-°n\v hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX A∂sØae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØ h -ti-cn¬ tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSPohn-X-Ønse Nne kw`-h-ßƒ A]-K-Yn-®m¬ At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-hp-am-bp≈ae-¶-c-bpsS _‘w tOZn-°p-hm≥ At±lw A¬]hpw BK-ln-®n-cp-∂n-√ F∂ kwKXnhy‡-am-Ipw. Hcp DZm-l-c-Ww, tIm´bw Fw.-Un. tlmÃ-en¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ, _p[-\m-gvNbpw sh≈n-bm-gvN-bp≈ t\mb-ºn¬ \n∂pw hnSp-X¬ e`n-°p-hm-\m-bn, tIm´-bsØ ]ap-J-cmb hy‡n-Iƒ aptJ\ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSpw ip]m¿i sNbvXp.CXp A\p-h-Zn®p sImSp-Øm¬ ItaW At¥ym-Jy≥ Imt\m\ \nb-a-ßƒ ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw, X∑qew At¥ym-Jy≥ _‘w De-kp-hm≥ CS-bm-Ip-sa∂pw AXv k`-bpsS `mhnsb _m[n-°p-sa-∂p≈ ImcWw D∂-bn®v ]kvXpX ZuXy-kw-LsØ aS-°n-b-b-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

amth-en-°c ]pXn-b-Imhv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bn¬h®v A©mw am¿tXm-am-bpw,iI-≈-_m-hbpw XΩn-ep≈ IqSn-ImgvN \S-∂p. ]s£, \n¿`m-Ky-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, ItÆP]-∑m-cp-sSbpw, Ic-S-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw IpX-¥-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn-t´m, at‰-sX¶nepw hn[nssh]-coXyw tlXp-hmtbm ssIhbv∏p \¬h-c-Øn-\mbn iI-≈-_m-hm-bpsS ka£w\a-in-c-kvI-\m-Ip-hm≥ A©mw am¿tXmam Iq´m-°n-bn-√. hWn-X-lr-Z-b-\mb iI≈_mh-bm-I-s´, kzNn-e-hn¬ a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ ]Wn-Xn-cp∂ ]≈n-bn-tebv°v aS-ßn. AhnsSXma-kn-®p-sIm≠v ae-¶-c-bnse ]≈n-Iƒ kµ¿in-®p-t]m-∂p. Xs‚ IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂Hcp tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏msb Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∂ t]cn¬ saXm-\mbn hmgn-°p-Ibpwk -bpsS cWw At±-lsØ G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-∂mWv Ncn-Xw. k∂ymkm`n-ap-Jy-\m-bn-cp∂ At±lw A≤ym-flnINcy-I-fn¬ apgpIn PohnXw Ign-®p. I≠-\mSphcp-tºm-sgms° ]≈n-bpsS ]m¥-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Kmao-Wcmw I¿j-I-cpsS IjvSm-cn-jvS-X-Iƒ, hninjy AXn-h¿j ImeØv A\p-`-hn-°p∂ Zpcn-X-ßƒt\cn¬I≠v At±-l-Øns‚ a\ v Aen-™p. tIhew at\m-hy-Y-bn¬ amXw HXp-ßn-bn-√, B tNtXm-hn-Im-cw. AXv a\- n¬\n∂pw Nnd-s]mń Hgp-IpI Xs∂ sNbvXp.]≈n-bnse apX-en¬\n∂p ]mS-ßƒ hmßn Irjn sNbvXv hnfhv PmXnt`Z-sat\y hni-°p-∂-h¿°v hnf-ºp-hm-\p≈ hnfw-_cw At±lw \S-Øn. ]mtbm-KnI ssZh-im-kvX-Øn\v DØa DZm-l-c-Ww! I≠-\mSv ]≈n-°m¿ iI≈ _mh-bpsS Cu i´w sI´¬inc-km-h-ln®p F∂p-≈-Xn¬ Ah¿ BZ-c-hp-Iƒ A¿ln-°p-∂p. amX-a√ Ah¿ Cu\njvI¿jsb, tIcf q\nb-a-Øns‚ kmt¶-Xn-IX ]≈n-kz-Øns\ Npgp-∂-Xp-hsc A\p-k-cn®v t]m∂p. CXv _mhm Xncp-ta\nbpsS I¬]-\-I-tfm-Sp≈ ‡n _lp-am-\m-Z-c-hp-Iƒ sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xn¬ ]£-t`-Z-an-√. ]kvXp-X-\n-baw ]≈n-bp-sS-ta¬Ai\n-]m-Xw-t]mse ]Xn-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bpsS `qkzØv C∂pwkm[p-P-\-ß-fpsS A£-b-amb \n[n Xs∂-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-t∂s\. a\p-jy-a-\-kp-I-fn¬hnip-≤-s\∂ _lp-am\w _mhm Xncp-ta\n t\Sn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ÿnXn°vbmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm-\n-k` At±-lsØ ANn-tc-W hnip≤-∑m-cpsS KW-Øn-tebv°vHutZym-Kn-I-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-bn- p-≠v. P\-lnXw ssZh-lnXw Xs∂-sb∂ B]vX-hmIyw A\-Xn-hn-Zq-c`mhn-bn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw F∂-Xns‚ "`mhn-ti-b-]n-iq-\-i-Ip\w' k`m-¥-co-£-Øn¬ Z¿in®v XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv mhn-bnse ap∂m-kzm-Z-\-a-sX.

Fs‚ P\-amb bnkm-tb¬ a°sf bnkm-tb¬ ank-bn-ao¬ \n∂p]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-t°-≠-Xn\p Rm≥ \ns∂ ^tdm-thms‚ ASp-°¬Ab°pw'' (]pd. 3:10) 1974 s^. 24\v sNdp-hn-≈n¬ kn. Fw. tXma-k-®s\ tXmakv am¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv F∂ t]cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eoØmÿm\-tØ°v A`n-tjIw sNøp-tºmƒ ae-¶-c-bnse bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm\n k` Ießn adn-bp∂ Aim-¥-amb IS¬ t]mse ]jp-_v[-am-bn-cp-∂p. ank-bn-anse cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂ d-thm-s\-°mƒ \oN-ambn kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf ]oUn-∏n®p sIm≠n-cp∂ thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-I-

fpsS Icmf lkvX-ß-fn¬ s]´p-sR-cn-™-a-cp∂ ka-bw. Bflnb t\Xr-Xz-Øn\v ]I-S-ambn Bcpw cwK-Øn-√mØ Zpc-h-ÿ. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ssZh-a-°ƒ F¥psNtø≠p F∂-dn-bmsX ]I®p \n¬°p∂ AXy¥w thZ-\m-P-I-amb kml-N-cyw. Iep-jn-X-amb Cu A¥-co-£-Øn-te-°mWv Hcp sRńse c≠p ]pjv]-ßƒ t]mse ImewsNbvX ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb s]cp-º≈n Xncp-ta-\n-bpw [oc-X-bpsS Bƒcq]-amb tXmakvam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpw Bflnb t\Xm-°-fmbn cwK-]-thiw sNøp-∂-Xv. B™-Sn-°p∂ sImSp-¶m‰p t]mse Cu ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ae-¶-c-bn-ep-S-\ofw Xß-fpsShmIvt[m-c-Wn-I-fn-eqsS k`m-a-°-fn¬ ]pØ-\p-W¿∆pw \thm-t∑-jhpw ]I¿∂p sImSp-Øp.

ae-¶-c-bpsS ]Im-i-tKm-]p-c-am-bn-cp∂ mKy kvac-Wm¿l-\mb _tk-en-tbmkv]utemkv ZzoXo-b≥ _mh-bpsSbpw A`n-hµy s]cp-º≈n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSbpw Ime-

P\-Io-b\mP\-Io-b\mP\-Io-b\mP\-Io-b\mP\-Io-b\mb BfloI t\Xmhvb BfloI t\Xmhvb BfloI t\Xmhvb BfloI t\Xmhvb BfloI t\Xmhv]o‰¿ thew]d-ºn¬ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏ (sshkv sNb¿am≥˛t]mKmw IΩn‰n, k`m h¿°nwKv IΩn‰n saº¿)

tijw Hcn-S-th-f-bn¬ C\n-sb¥v F∂v Pn⁄m-k-tbmsS P\w XΩn¬ XΩn¬ t\m°n\n¬°p∂ Ah-ÿbv°p s]s´∂v ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-bXv ae-¶-c-bpsS bmt°m_p_p¿Zm\bpsS cwK-]-th-i-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. k`m \uI-bpsS kmcYyw Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥tamsi-sb-t∏mse tXmakv am¿ Znh∂mkn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm°v ssZh-\n-tbm-K-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS \thm-∞m\ inev]n P∑-sa-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. cmXn 2 aWn°v Ddßn A©p aWn-s°-gp-t∂‰p Xs‚ Znh-k-am-cw-`n-°p∂ Bflnb t\Xm-hns\ XnI®pw P\-Io-b-\m-°nb B t\Xr-Xz-]m-S-hhpwP\-lr-Z-b-ßsf Ih-cp-∂ -`mjm ssienbpw hmIvt[mc-Wnbpw hn\-bhpw Ffn-abpw\nd™ Pohn-X-co-Xn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \oXn \S-∏m°n In´p-hm≥ tImcn-sNm-cn-bp∂ ag-sb-t∏mepw Ah-K-Wn®v t]meokv tÃjs‚ ]Sn-°¬ \o≠ aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ cmXnIme-ß-fn¬ t]mepw ]m¿∞\m b⁄hpw, D]-hm-k-]m¿∞-\bv°pw t\XrXzw\¬Inb saXm-t∏m-eo-Øbv°v P\-Io-b-\m-bn-Xo-cp-hm≥ thsd F¥p hnti-j-amWvth≠-Xv.? k`m-\u-I-bpsS Ãnb-dnwKv Iøn¬Inńb \mƒ apX¬ hnizm-kn-I-sf-s°m≠v\nd™p Ihn™ B hml\w kpc-£n-X-ambn HmSn®v e£y-ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-°p-hm≥Cu hnZ-KvZ-\mb ssUh¿ B h≠n-bpsS Ãnb-dnwKv Xs‚ Acp-a-\m-Y-\mb tbip-In-kvXp-hns\ Gev∏n-°pI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ka¿∏-W-hpw, A¿∏-W-a-t\m-`m-h-hpw, Bfl-ss[-cy-hpw, \n›-Zm¿Uyhpw tijvT-\mb ]nXm-hns\ Bfln-b-t\-Xm-hpw, P\-Io-b-\p-am-°n-Xo¿Øp. P\-e-£-ß-fpsS Bflnb ]nXmsh! [oc-\mb t]mcm-fn-bmbn kXy-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Imh¬ `S-\mbn Bbp-cm-tcm-Ky-tØmsS Zo¿L-\mƒ Cu a°sf \bn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw `mKyw \¬Ip-hm≥ Rßƒ ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

Chevalier Bijou Varghese,Dr Mary B Varghese, Martha & Mishayel,

Vettickamattom, Kadathy, Muvattupuzha.

With best compliments from:

With best compliments from:CHEVALIER JAIMON K.SKARIA & FAMILY, MEENADOM



Xma-c-®m¬ sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-v ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbpsS

ss«lnI kµ¿i-\hpw henb ]ffn ]Jym-]-\hpw HIvtSm-_¿ 20

Xn¶ƒ 4.30 ]n. Fw. \v* ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØ ]pen-t°m-ń¬tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv, A¶-amen `Zm-k\saXm-t∏m-eoØ IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿AØ-\m-tkymkv Ch-cpsS Iev]\ ]Imcw1903 ¬ (sIm. h. 1078¬) ÿm]n-X-am-bn.* hn. I\y-I-a-dn-bm-an-s‚bpw, am¿ ]tXm-kv-˛ -]u -temkv «ol-∑m -cp -sS -bpw, am¿Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bp-sSbpw \ma-Øn-ep≈Cu tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ hµy. tIm\m´v amØ≥aev]m≥ BZy hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-®p.* 1082 (1907) ¬ At¥ymJym ]Xn-\n-[n-bmbnXo¿∂ tam¿ HkvXm-tØ-thmkv _mh-˛-…o_m siΩm-i-\mbncp∂-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂v e`n® tam¿ sia-hq≥, am¿bmt°m_v F∂o ]. _mhm-am-cpsS Xncp-ti-jn-∏p-Iƒ anYp\w 29\v tIm\m´v amØ≥aev]m≥ ÿm]n-®p.* 1085 se DS-ºSn ]Im-chpw Ct∏mƒ 1983secPn-Ã¿ sNbvX c-W-L-S\ ]Im-chpw Cu]≈n`cWw \S∂p hcp-∂p.* 1120 (1935)¬ sNΩ-e-∏-Sn-bn¬ tamdm≥ tam¿C·m-Øn-tbmkv Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ (Hm-a-√q¿) _mhm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ Nm∏¬ \n¿Ωn-®p.* 1124 (1949) ¬ taSw 23\v CS-hI saXm-t∏m-eoØ ]utemkv am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkns‚t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi \S-∂p.* 1128 (1953) ¬ ]≈n-bpsS I\-I-Pq-_nenkvamc-I-ambn ae-bn-Sw-Xp-cp-Øn¬ tam¿ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ am¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkvNm∏¬ ÿm]n-®p.* 1982 ¬ k`-bpsS Zriy Xe-h≥ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ae-¶c kµ¿i\thf-bn¬ Cu tZhm-ebw kµ¿in®v CutZi-hm-kn-I-tfbpw k`m-a-°-sfbpw A\p-K-ln-®p.* 1988 ¬ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh A\p-K-ln®p \¬Inb hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚kqt\mtdm `Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ Cu tZ-hm-e-b-Øn¬ ]tXyIw Iao-I-cn® t]S-I-Øn¬ÿm]n-®p.* 1990¬ ]≈n-bpsS I_¿ap-dnbpw hcm-¥bpw ]qap-Jhpw ]pXp°n ]Wn-Xp. sIm√w`-Zm-k-\-m[n-]≥ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ Xncp-ti-jn-∏p-Iƒ]p\-ÿm-]n-®p.* 1995 ¬ ]≈n-°Iw koenwKvv \S-Øn.

* 2002˛2003 Cu tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ iXm_vZn]ncn-™p-t]mb tZh-e-b-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS kap-Nn-X-ambn sIm≠m-Sn. 2002¬iXm_vZn kvamcI aµn-c-Øns‚ IqZmitijvT _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥_mhm \n¿∆-ln-®p.* Fw. sP. F v. F v. F bpsS Iogn-ep≈k¨tU-kvIq-fn-s‚-bpw, bqØv At m-kn-tb-js‚bpw hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw h\n-Xm-k-am-P-Øns‚bpw, IpSpw-_-bq-Wn-‰p-I-fp-sSbpw]h¿Ø\w amXrIm]c-ambn \S-°p∂p.1991¬ ]≈n-bpsS Iogn¬ sk‚ v tacokv]ªn°v kvIqƒ (kn. _n. F v. kn. kvIqƒ)Bcw- n-®p.* Cu tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ henb s]cp-∂mƒsabv 4, 5, 6 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬* hn. amXm-hns‚ P\-\-s∏-cp-∂mfpw F´p-t\m-ºm-N-c-Whpw Xma-c-®m¬ I¨h≥j\pwsk]vXw-_¿ 1 apX¬ 8 hsc.* 100 h¿j-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Duc-bv°m´v sk‚ vtXmakv sNº-d°n sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ae-bnSwXpcpØv sk‚ v taco-kv, ]p°m´p]Sn sk‚ vtPm¿÷,v tacn-Kncn sk‚ v tacokv, hneßvsk‚ v tacokvv F∂o ]≈n-Iƒ CS-h-I-bn¬\n∂v ]ncn™v cq]o-Ir-X-am-bn- p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ445 IpSpw-_-ßfpw D≠v.

Ncn-X-\n-anjw

6 ]≈n-Iƒ Cu CS-h-I-bn¬ \n∂v ]ncn-™p-t]m-b-Xp-sIm≠pw, ]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-tØmSp Iqdpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw A`w-Kpcw]men®p t]mcp∂XpsIm-≠pw, amXr-Im-]-chpw PohIm-cp-Wy-]-c-hp-amb ]h¿Ø\wsIm≠pw Xma-c-®m¬ sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n°vA¿ln-°p∂ ÿm\w \¬I-W-sa∂v CS-h-I-P-\-ß-fpsS BKlw hfsc hn\-b-tØmsS k`-bpsS apºmsI ]m¿∞-\-tbmsS ka¿∏n-°pIbpw k` AXv AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw, tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkvkmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-tbm-sSm∏w ae-¶-c-bpsS bmt°m_v _p¿±m\B_q≥ tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mh-bpw, A`n. ]nXm-°-∑mcpw Xma-c-®m¬ ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Xma-c-®m¬ ]f-fnsb henb ]f-fn-bmbn ]Jym-]n-°p∂ Cu A\p-K-loX \nan-j-Øn\v km£n-bm-hm≥ Gh-tcbpw RßƒXma-c-®m¬ ]≈n-b-¶-W-Øn-te°v kzmKXwsNøp-∂p.

kzmK-X-kwLw `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ

I¨ho-t\gvkv

amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n AwK-ßƒ

^m. sFkIv]p∂m-t»cn

^m. jmPn h¿Kokv]md-°m-S≥

sI. hn. Gen-bmkvIcn-º-\-bv°¬

_n\p h¿Kokv\o‰n-¶c

tP°_v kn amXypNqc-°mSv

Fw. Fw. h¿Kokvap´p-h-t©cn

sI. Fw. ]utemkvI°m-S≥

kn. sP. tPmbnsNΩe

sI. H. ]o‰¿If-cn-°-∏-d-ºn¬

sI. ]n. Ipcym-t°mkvI√m-∏md

hn. Fw. Ipcy-®≥hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬

]n. Fw. …n_]dm- p-IpSn

sI. ]n. Ipcym-t°mkvI°m-S≥

sI. hn. Ipcym-t°mkvIf-∏p-c-bv°¬

sI. kn. ]utemkvIf-cn-°-∏-d-ºn¬

PnsPm sI. t]mƒI°m-S≥

‰n. ]n. aØmbnXpcp-Øp-tΩ¬

sI. hn. ]utemkvIm\mw-]pdw

F≥. ]n. h¿Kokv\o‰n-¶c

]n. hn. Ipcym-t°mkvt]mØ-\-°m-S≥

sI. bp. aØmbnIcn-º-\-bv°¬

F¬tZm F_lmw]md-°m-S≥

kmPp ]n. h¿Kokv]md-°m-S≥

sNb¿am≥ sshkv sNb¿am≥am¿

P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿

^n\m≥kv hmf‚n-b¿ ]ªn-kn‰n

dnk-]vj≥ tÃPv sU°-td-j≥ t]mKmw tkmh-\o¿ ^pUv

]mWw-]Sn hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

ae-¶-c-bpsS ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv

saXm-t∏m-en-Ømsb hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Øp∂p


]pWy-s∏´ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n

(]u-eqkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø)

]mWw-]Sn ]ffn Ncn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS]mWw-]Sn ]ffn Ncn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS]mWw-]Sn ]ffn Ncn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS]mWw-]Sn ]ffn Ncn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS]mWw-]Sn ]ffn Ncn-X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-eqsS

]mW-ºSn hnip≤ a¿Ø-a-dnbw bmt°m-_mb

kpdn-bm\n ]≈n Ncn-X-Xm-fp-I-fn¬

hntPm h¿Kokv sNtºme

1895 ]mW-ºSn hnip≤ a¿Ø-a-dnbw bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n ]≈n-bpsS inem-ÿm- ]\w \S-Øn.1897 aZv-_-lm-bp-sSbpw ssl°-em-bp-sSbpw ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.1897 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14: ]≈n DS-ºSn Xøm-dm°n cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp.1897 sk]v‰w-_¿ 21, 22 IS-hn¬ ]utemkv am¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS][m\ Im¿Ωn-IXz-Øn¬ ]≈n IqZmi1901 ]≈n \mS-I-im-e-bpsS ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]h¿Ø\w Bcw- n-®p.1905 ]Ya hnIm-cn-bmbn Abn-cq¿ sXßpw-tXm-´-Øn¬ ôen-t∏mkv I»oi ÿm\-ta-‰p.At±lw hnIm-cn-bmb DS≥Xs∂ Hcp h≈w ]ffn°p th≠n hnebv°p hmßp-IbpwIc-am¿§w k©mc kuIcyw Ipd-hp≈ thfq¿, Infn-cq¿, Xncp-hm¿∏v F∂o aq∂p Ic-I-fnepw h≈-Øn¬ k©-cn®v CS-h-I-°m-cpsS `h-\-ß-ƒ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.1906 sk‚ v tacokv anUn¬ kvIqƒ F∂ t]cn¬ hnZym-ebw Bcw-`n-®p. (kvIq-fn¬

^m. Ipdn-bm-t°mkvIpdn-®n-ae

(k-l-hn-Im-cn)

^m. Ipcy≥ tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ amen-bn¬

^m. Ipdn-bm-t°mkvatW-te-®nd

G_lmw amXypt\cy-¥d

^m. _m_p]Xn-\m¬]-d-bn¬

hntPm h¿KokvsNtºme

^m. tP°_v amXyptIma-SØp-t»cn

(hnIm-cn)

c£m-[n-Imcn: tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n, ]kn-U‚ v: m. tP°_v amXyp tIma-S-Øp-t»cn¬, tIm¿Un-t\-‰¿: m. Ipcym-t°mkv aW-te¬®n-d-bn¬, sshkv ]kn-U‚p-am¿: hµy.Ipcy≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m amen-bn¬, ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv Ipdn-®n-ae, ^m. tXmakv G_lmwt\cy-¥-d, m. tP°_v sjdn ap°m-™n-c-Øn¬, m. amXyqkv aW-te¬®n-d-bn¬, m. _m_p]Xn-\m¬]-d-bn¬, SÃn: F_lmw amXyp t\cy-¥d, skI- dn: hntPm h¿Kokv sNtºme,IΩ‰n AwK-ßƒ: ]n. kn. sNdn-bm≥ ]mtdm-®m-en¬, Ipdn-bm-t°mkv h¿°n tNcn-°¬, ]n. ‰n.sF∏v ]≈-Øp-t»-cn¬, Fw. kn. amWn ap°m-™n-c-Øn¬, ssa°nƒ amWn Idp-I-∏p-d-Øv, hn.Fw. tPm¨ sh≈-∏-\m- p-Nn-d, tXmakv h¿Kokv sNº-\m¬, F_n AeIvkv Ip‰n-t®-cn¬, k\¬Fw. F amdw-th-en¬, tXmakv tP°_v Idp-Im≥t©-cn¬, Fw. kn. A®≥Ip™v aW-te¬®n-d-bn¬, h¿Kokv sNtºm-e, Fw. kn. Ipcy≥ aW-te¬®n-d-bn¬, Fw. kn. Nmt°m ap°m-™n-c-Øn¬, sI. Pn. Ipcy-®≥ Idp-I-t®-cn¬, kn. kn. tXmakv ]mtd-°m-ń¬, amXyp h¿°n tNcn-°¬, kPn Nm≠n Idp-I-t®-cn¬, kn. kn. Nmt°m ]mtd-°m- n¬, ]n. sI. jmPn ]d-tßm-´v, ]n.Fw. tXmakv ]≈-Øp-t»-cn¬, AUz. sP. Ipcy≥ sNº-\m¬, kn. sF. tPm¿÷v Im°-\m-´v,tP°_v amWn Xfn-b-∏-Øn¬, ]n. sF. _m_p ]cp-h-°-f-Øn¬, tPm¨ Ipcy≥ aW-te¬®n-d-bn¬, hn. sI. B≥Uqkv sh´p-]-d-ºn¬, kn. F≥. Ipcy≥ Im°-\m- v, sI. kn. ]p∂qkv ]mtd-°m-ń¬, sP_n≥ Sn. tP°_v tX°p-]-Øn¬, cmPp. Fw. tXmakv aW-te¬®n-d-bn¬, tP°_vtPm¨ sNtºm-e, kptcjv tP°-_v ]pØ≥]p-c-bv°¬, sPbnwkv G_lmw tNcn-°¬, tamlnXvh¿Kokv ]≈-Øp-t»-cn¬, tam≥kn ]n. tXmakv ]cp-h-°p-fw, _n_n≥ ]n. sI. ]cp-h-°p-fw,Ip™p-tamƒ ]ueqkv a‰-Øn¬, an\n Nmt°m amdw-th-en¬

FIvkn-Iyp-óhv IΩ‰n AwK-ßƒ

^m.- Fw.- sP. amXypaW-te¬Nn-d-bn¬

^m. tP°_v sjdnap°m-™n-c-Øn¬

apf-¥p-cpØn tZiØv P\n®v, ]n¬°m-eØv ae-¶c bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS Bflob t\Xm-hmbn Xo¿∂v, ]cn-]m-h-\-amb]mW-ºSn ]f-fn-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ A¥yhniaw sImf-fp∂ ]c-a-kzm-Xn-I-\mWv ]ueqkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n. apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bpsSkao] ]tZ-i-amb I≠-\ms´ kp]-kn-≤-amb sXmgp-∏m-S≥ IpSpw-_-Ønse Ipcy≥ apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ tXm∏n¬ kvIdnb IØm-\-cpsSA∂ F∂ ]pXnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ Xs∂sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xmakw Dd-∏n-®p. B A\p-K-loX Zº-Xn-am-cpsSaq∂m-asØ k¥m-\-ambn sIm√-h¿jw 1027 hr›nIw 20˛mw XobXnkvacy-]p-cp-j≥ qPm-X-\m-bn. ]ueqkv F ∂ m - b n - c p ∂ pinip-hn\v \¬Inb \ma-t[-bw.

_me-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ ]c-a -im -¥ \pw AtXkabw _p≤n-im-en-bp-am-bn-cp∂p ]ueq-kv. C∂v \mw 125˛mw im≤wBtLm-jn-°p∂ ]. bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v _mes‚ kz`m-h-ip-≤n- bn¬ XmXv]cyw tXm∂n, ]ueq-kn\v siΩm-i-]´w \¬In. A∂v kvacy ]pcp-j\v tIhew 9 hb vamXta ]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. `mhn-bn¬ _mh Xncp-a-\- ns‚Xs∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬, Xm≥ GsXmcp kXy-hn-izmkw kwc£n-°p-∂-Xn\v kz¥-\m-Sn-t\bpw kzP-\-ß-tfbpw Dt]-£n®v ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂v ]oU-Iƒ kln-®pthm, Bhnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂v AWp-hnS t]mepw hyXn-N-en-°msX, Xs‚ BSp-Isf \bn-°p-hm≥ X° i‡nbpw Xt‚-Shpw e`n-°p-sa-∂p-ff ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-Øn-eqsSbmbn-cn-°Ww ]ueq-kns‚ Xe-bn¬ _mh ssIh-®-\p-K-ln-®-Xv.

siΩm-i-\m-b-Xn-\p-tijw ]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn´v _lp-am-\-s∏´ ]f-f-Øn-´-bn¬ Koh¿Kokv aev]m≥ (Nm-Øp-cpØn Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Kpcp-\m-Y≥) Iq\-∏n-≈n¬ Koh¿Kokv IØ-\m¿ F∂n-h-cpsS Iogn¬ kpdn-bm\n `mj ]Tn-®p-

Xp-S-ßn. imco-cn-I-amb hf¿®sb XrW-h-XvKWn®v Adn-hn¬ hf¿∂v hnI-kn-°p-hm≥]ueqkv siΩm-i\v Xoh-amb BK-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-th≠n At±lw Aim¥w]cn-i-an-®p.

kpdn-bm\n `mjm]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xn\p tijw 1042 ¬ Xs‚ 16 asØhb- n¬ ]ueqkv siΩm-i≥ Iioi ]´w kzoI-cn-®p. Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ CSh-I-bmbI≠-\mSv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bn¬ 1042 [\p-amkw 25˛mw XobXn BZy-ambn Znhy-_en A¿∏n®v Xºp-cms\ s]‰ AΩ-bn¬ \n∂pw A\p-K-l-ßƒ ]m]n-®p. tIhew16˛mw hb- n¬ ]´-°m-c-\mbn F∂p ]d-™m¬ C∂sØ Bfp-Iƒ A¤p-X-s∏-Spw.

sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw ]ueqkv A®≥ Adn-hnepw hnizm-k-ÿn-c-X-bnepwhf-sc-b-[nIw hf¿∂n-cp-∂p. ]cn-ip-≤mfl \nd-hns‚ Znhy tXP pw ]cn-]-Iz-amb lrZ-b-Øns‚ \hy Im¥nbpw At∂ B IÆp-I-fn¬ Hmfw shń-bn-cp-∂p. sIm®-®s‚ssZhoI i‡n a\- n-em-°nb apf-¥p-cp-Øn-°m¿, Xs‚ amXm al-\mb tXm∏n¬kvIdnb IØ-\m-cpsS hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬, apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bnse Imcym-Zn-I-ƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v At]-£n-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bnse hnImcn ÿm\wGs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hn]p-e-amb CS-h-I-I-fpsS BfloI Bh-iy-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xnc-t°-dnb Npa-X-e-Iƒ °n-S-bnepw X∂n¬ ASn-°Sn hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ⁄m\-XrjvW AS-°n- \n¿Øp-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®n-√. Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\pw a\ v IqSp-X¬ GIm-K-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw D≈ Xs‚ AS-ßmØ ZmlwXo¿°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp \ocp-dh Is≠-Øp-hm≥ At\z-jWw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. CuIme-L- -Øn-emWv NmØp-cp-Øn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºm-®≥ (sIm-®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n) shń-°¬Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-bn¬ Xt]m-hrØn A\p-jvTn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ Ab¬°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv dºm-®s‚ ]cn-ip-≤hpw kpÿn-c-hpamb PohnX Ncy-I-fn¬ \n∂v]ueq-k-®≥ Bflob ]tNm-Z\w t\Sn. 1050 ¬ ae-¶-c- Fgp∂-≈nb ]. ]tXmkv]mXn-b¿°okv _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ FØnb Ah-k-c-Øn¬,_mh Xncp-a-\- nse ]tXyI hm’-ey-Øn\v ]ueq-k-®≥ ]mXn-`q-X-\m-bn. ]. _mhm-bpsS A\p-K-l-hpw, Bin¿∆m-Zhpw ]ueq-k-®s‚ Xt]m-\n-jvTbv°pw BZ¿i-Po-hn-X-Øn\pw am‰p Iq´p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

ae-¶-c-bn¬ Hcp Zbdm ÿm]n-°-W-sa-∂p-ff ]. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhm-bpsS A`n-emjw k^-eo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cn-i-a-hp-ambn ]ueq-k-®≥ cwK-Øn-d-ßn. ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cmb Im´p-a-ßm v _mham¿ Xt]m-hrØn A\p-jvTn-®ncp∂shń-°¬ Ipcn-ip-]-≈nbpw ]cn-k-c-ßfpw Xs∂-bmWv Zb-dm- ÿm-]-\-Øn-\p-th≠nXnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. ae-¶-c-bpsS BZysØ Zb-d-bmbn shń-°¬ Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-sbDb¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ff kwc- -Øns‚ Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n 1052 ¬ ]. ]tXmkv]mXn-b¿°okv _mh Xs∂ ]ueq-k-®\v dºm≥ ÿm\w \¬In. Aßs\ ae-¶-c-bn¬ Zbdm ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ XpS°w Ipdn-®p.

Zb-d-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn°p th≠n ASpØpw AI-sebpw `n£mw-tZ-ln-bmbn\S∂v dºm-®≥ ]Ww ]ncn-®p. NmØ-∂q¿ apX¬ Ip∂w-Ipfw hsc ]≈n-Iƒ tXmdpwAt±lw AXn-\p-th≠n k©-cn-®p. Zb-dm-tbmSv tN¿∂v Hcp hnZym-e-bhpw Zb-dbv°vNp‰pw aXnepw A°m-eØv ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®p.

k -bpsS hnZym- ym-k-]-c-amb D∂-Xnsb e£yw h®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p B k`m-]-cn-jvI¿Øm-hns‚ A\-¥-c-\o-°-ßƒ. ]qXr-°, hS-hp-tIm-Sv, Duc-°mSv XpSßn ]eDƒ\mSp-I-fnepw kvIqfp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]ueqkv dºm-®≥ ap≥ssI-sb-SpØv]h¿Øn-®p. B e£y-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ ê-]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øn-t®¿∂p.

]ueqkv dºm-®s‚ k`m-]-c-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Ahbv°p e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ssZhn-I-i-‡nbpw a\- n-em-°nb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØ tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvXncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v At±-lsØ tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bpsS Npa-Xe hln-°p-∂-Xn\v \nb-an-°p-Ibpw 1070 ¬ kt¥m-j-]q¿∆w dºm-®≥ B Npa-Xe Gs‰-Sp-°p-IbpwsNbvXp. B h¿j-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv NmØp-cp-Øn¬ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n hnip-≤-\mSvkµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v \n›-bn-®-Xv. B bmX-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSp IqSn ]ueqkv dºm-®\pw t]mbn-cp∂p F∂p-≈Xv ]tXyIw ]kvXm-hy-am-Wv.

hnip≤\mSv kµ¿i-\-Øn\p tijw Xncn-s®-Ønb dºm-®≥ ]gb skΩn-\m-

3˛mw ¢m v apX¬ tX¿Uv t^mdw hsc-bp-f-Af A©p ¢m p-Iƒ \S-Øn.)1909 tamdm≥ tam¿ A_vZpff ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm c≠m-gvN-°mew ]≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p.1912 ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ Xmakw Bcw-`n®v ae-¶c k`sb tabn®p `cn-®p. (tIm-´bw CS-h-Isb `cn® ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-a-\- n-tebpw a™-\n-°c Zb-dm-bpsS ÿm]\w hsc At¥ymJym]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb tam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv _mhmbpw tam¿ bqen-tbmkv _mhmbpw]mW-ºSn tIµo-I-cn-®m-bn-cp∂p k`m-`-cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.1917 Unkw-_¿ 14 ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvXp.1917 Unkw-_¿ 15 ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\nbpsS I_-d-S°w1919 BZysØ CS-h-I-∏-´-°m-c-\mbn t\cy¥ aØmbn IØ-\m¿ ÿm\-ta-‰p.1922 ]≈n-bn¬ I¬°p-cniv ÿm]n-®p.1931 sabv 23 ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ]≈n kµ¿in®p1931 Pq¨ 6 ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm 14 Znh-ksØ hmk-Øn\p tijw tImX-aw-K-e-Øn\p t]mbn.1931 \hw. 28 ]. _mhm ho≠pw ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-t®-¿∂p.1932 P\p-hcn 5˛ 38 Znh-ksØ Xma-k-Øn\p tijw sX°p≈ ]≈n-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn t]mbn.1956 P\p-hcn 18 aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ Imew sNbvXp.1957 HIvtSm-_¿ 26 t\cy¥ aØmbn IØ-\m¿ \ncym-X-\m-bn.1958 Unkw-_¿ 14 ]≈n s]mXp-tbmKw ]≈n ]pXp°n ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-®p.1960 sabv 16 amen-bn¬ Ipcym-t°mkv IØ-\m¿ \ncym-X-\m-bn.1961 Ata-cn-°-bnse iaq-th¬ am¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v ]pXp°n]Wn-bp∂ ]≈n°v Xd-°-√n-´p.1963 ]pXnb ]≈n-bpsS ]Wn-I-fm-cw-`n-®p.1964 Pq¨ 2 ]. bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ _mh-bpsS kµ¿i\w, tXmtWm-kns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w \n¿∆-ln-®p. (]ffn-bn¬ \n∂pw kz¿ÆImk kΩm-\n-®p.)1967 Unkw-_-¿ 14 h©n-Øm-‰n¬ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm≥ A¥-cn-®p.1967 Unkw-_¿ 17 ]pXnb ]≈n-bpsS IqZmi tamdm≥ tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse ][m\ Im¿Ωn-IXzØn¬.1973 am¿ Iqdn-tem-kv, am¿ aoJm-tb¬ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv ]mcn-jvlmƒ \n¿Ωn®p IqZmisNbvXp.1982 ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpsS kµ¿i\w2000 am¿®v 30 ]p∂-®nd tP°_v I»oi \ncym-X-\m-bn.2004 ]≈n iXm_vZn kvamcI ka¿∏Ww ˛ Koh¿Kokv tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv ]mcn-jvlmƒ \n¿Ωn®p2006 [ym\ aµncw \n¿Ωn-®p.2007 am¿ Iqdn-temkv \hXn kvamcI aµnc \n¿ΩmWw Bcw-`n-®p.2008 sk]v‰w-_¿ 9 ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\nsb hnip-≤-\mbn ]Jym-]n-°m≥ ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv Xocp-am-\n-®p.

cn-bpsS amt\-P-cmbn tkh\w XpS¿∂p. ]gb skan-\mcn Nm∏¬ Du´p-]pc apX-embÿm]-\-ßƒ ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®Xpw hnim-e-amb knΩ-n\mcn A¶-W-Øn\v Np‰pw \ho\coXn-bn-ep≈ Ac-a-Xn¬ ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®Xpw IYm-]p-cp-j-\m-Wv. skΩn-\mcn hf-∏n¬ apgp-h≥ sXßn≥ ssXIƒ \´p-]n-Sn-∏n®v knΩ-n\m-cn°v kmº-ØnI `ZX ssIh-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v ][m-\-ambpw ]cn-i-an® ]pWy-tZ-l-amWv dºm-®≥.

A]-Imcw ssZh-th-e-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambp apgp-In-bn-cns° Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØvHcp ]≈n ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff Npa-Xe Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v dºm-®≥ Atßm´p Xncn-®p. Ahn-ia ]cn-i-ahpw ssZh-\-S-Øn-∏pw-aqew Hcp h¿jw sIm≠v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øn\v Xne-I-®m¿Ømbn C∂pw \ne-sIm-f-fp∂ sk‚ v tPm¿÷v tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ]Wn]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw Ahn-sS-\n∂v ]gb skΩn-\m-cn-bn¬ Xncn-s®ØpIbpw sNbvXp.(Cu ]≈n dºm-®s‚ hnizm-ksØ ad-∂p-t]m-sb-¶n¬ AXv B CS-h-I-bpsS \µn-tI-Sns‚ DZm-l-c-W-ambn IW-°m-t°≠n hcpw. )

\nc-¥-c-amb tPmen-Øn-c-°n-\n-S-bnepw GIm-¥-amb ]m¿∞-\bpw Xoh-ambD]-hm-khpw Hcn-°epw dºm-®≥ apS-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]gb skΩn-\m-cn-bnse sshZnIhnZym¿∞n-Isf I¿Øm-hns‚ ap¥ncntØm´-Øn¬ \√ the-°m-cmbn ]cn-io-en-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ dºm-®≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.

k`-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw hf¿®bv°pw th≠n PohnXw apgp-h\pw A¿∏n-®n-cp∂ dºm-®s\ Hcp taev]- -°m-c-\mbn hmgn-°-W-sa∂v ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh Xncp-a-\- nt\mSv ae-¶-c-k` At]-£n-®p. ae-¶-c-bnse a°-fpsS At]-£-b-\p-k-cn®v ]ueqkvdºm-®-\pw, h -ti-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºm-®\pw taev]´ ÿm\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠nbdp-i-te-an-te°v bmX Xncn-®p. IYm-]p-cp-js‚ c≠m-asØ hnip-≤-\mSv kµ¿i-\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

hnip≤ \mń-se-Ønb ]ueqkv dºms\ 1083 taSw 18˛mw XobXn tamdm≥tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv A_vtZ-Zvtem-slm-]m-Xn-b¿°okv _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v Iqdn-temkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®p. Koh¿Kokv dºm-®s\Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv F∂ t]cnepw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-°n. ÿm\m- n-tj-I-Øn\p tijw]ueqkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw1083 ¬ Xs∂ae-¶-c-bn¬ Xncn-s®-gp-∂-≈n. 30 h¿j-tØmfw ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn ae-¶-c-bn¬ Xma-kn®v ae-¶c k`m-a-°-fpsS IÆn-ep-Æn-bmbn hnip≤ PohXw\bn® tam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv _mhmbpw Ch-tcm-sSm-∏-amWv Fgp-∂-fn-b-Xv. Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øp-\n∂pw t_m´p-am¿§w FØnb Xncp-ta-\n-amsc Ipa-cIw CS-h-I-°m¿ At\IwPe-hm-l-\-l-ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS kzoI-cn-®p. Hcp henb Ptem-’hw Xs∂-bmWvA∂v \S-Ø-s∏-´-Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-am¿ Ib-dn-bn-cp∂ t_m´v ]gb skΩn-\mcn IS-hn-e-Sp-ØXv \m\q-dn-e-[nIw Ifn-h-≈-ß-tfmsSm∂n-®m-bn-cp-∂p. IqSmsX I¿°n-SI amkw c≠mwXobXn sh≈n-bmgvN sshIp-t∂cw tIm´bw Fw. Un. skΩn-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v \S-ØnbkzoI-cW ktΩ-f-\-Øn-te°v A`n-\-h-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am¿°v ]gb skΩn-\m-cn-bn¬\n∂pw cmtPm-Nn-X-amb cmXn-bn-emWv Bth-i-`-cn-Xcpw B\-µ-X-¥p-en-X-cp-amb ae-¶ck`m-a-°ƒ hc-thev]v \¬In-b-Xv. B alm ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ hmbn® awKf t«mI-Ønse ][m\`mKw Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p.

“]msem-Øo-Sp∂ Io¿Øn ]Np-cn-a-k-XXw ]m¿Ømse tN¿Ø-\ev]w

tNsem-Øm-flo-b-IrXyw NnX-sam-Sn-l-h-ln˛®oi-hn-izm-k-]q¿∆w.

amse-Øm-X-X-ku-Jy-tØmSp KpW-\n-[n-am¿ Iqdn-tem-kmJy saXm-t∏m-eoØ

\qdp-h¿jw XnI-shmSp hnP-bn-°-s´bo hnjvS-]-Øn¬”taev]-´-ÿm\w kzoI-cn®v Xncn-s®-Ønb tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n kphn-

tijw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-em-bn-cp∂p BZy-ambn i≤ tIµo-I-cn-®-Xv. ae-¶-c-bpsS F√m-`m-KØpw c£-bpsS ZqX-dn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xncp-ta-\n°v km[n-®p. IS-º-\mSv ]≈n°v kao-]-ap-ff iqc-\´p hb-en¬ At\Iw t]¿ amtam-Zok kzoI-cn®v k`m-a-°m-fmbn Xo¿∂p.

B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Imbw-Ip-fsØ Znhy-io. anJm-tb-e-®-\m-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS G‰hpw ASpØ kl-]-h¿Ø-I≥ B _lp-am-\-s∏´ anJm-tb-e-®-\mWv ‘`qan-bn-f-In-bmepw kap-Z-ß-fpsS D≈n¬ ]¿∆-X-ßƒ Ipep-ßn-bmepw Ah-bnse sh≈wCf-In-a-dn-™m-epw, Ah-bpsS tIm]w \nanØw ]¿∆-X-ßƒ Ipep-ßn-bmepw Rßƒ`b-s∏-Sp-I-bn√’ F∂ 40˛mw k¶o¿Ø-\-Ønse hmIyw apZm-hm-Iy-ambn apdpsI ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v [oc-ambn t]mcm-Sn, k`ma-°sf kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n® ]c-a-kzm-Xn-I-\mb aoJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø. B ]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhpwsIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n A¥yhniaw sIm≈p∂ ]cn-]m-h-\-amb ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv I_-d-S-ßn-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂Xpw FXtbm al-Ø-c-am-Wv.

At¥ym-Jy-bp-sSbpw Ing-s°m-s°-bp-sSbpw ]. ]tXm-kns‚ ss«lnIknwlm-k-\-Øn¬ `mKy-tamsS hmW-cp-fn-bn-cp∂ tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkvA_vZp≈ c≠m-a≥ _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn¬ Fgp-∂-ffn 1911Nnßw 6 IqSm-c-s∏-cp-∂mƒ Znhkw hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi \S-Øp-Ibpw B ip≤-ap≈aqtdm≥ hnhn[ ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]ueqkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øsb A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F√m hn[-Ønepw ]. At¥ymJy knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ Iogn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂apf¥p-cp-Øn-]≈n `c-W-°m-cn¬ ][m\n _mly-k-Ω¿±-Øn-\-Sn-a-s∏´v ]. At¥ym-Jy-knw-lm-k-\-Øn-¶¬ \n∂pw AI-ep-hm≥ XpS-ßn. ]≈n taºqń hnip-≤n-tbmSpw `Z-ambpw kq£n-®n-cp∂ hn. aqtdm≥ a‰p ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn-te°v sIm≠pt]mIp-∂-Xn-\mbnsIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n Hcp-ßn-h∂v ]≈n-]-[m-\n-bSv hnhcw ]d-™p. ]≈n-]-[m\n]e XS hmZ-ßfpw D∂-bn-®-tijw “Xmt°m-ent√m Xncp-ta\n” F∂-dn-bn-®p.Xncp-ta\n: “Xmt°m-ep-t]m-sb-¶n¬ sIm√-\p-≠t√m! hnfn®p Xpd-∏n-°m-at√m”]≈n-]-[m\n: “sIm√s\ hnfn-®p- Xp-d-∏n-®m¬ sXΩm-Sn-Iƒ h∂v ]i-\-ß-fp-≠m-°n-bmtem Xncp-ta\n” Cu ka-bØv ]≈n-\m-S-I-im-e-bn¬ Hcp-°n-\n¿Øn-bn-cp∂ ]≈n][m-\n-bpsS Bin-X-cn¬ Nne¿ `Xn-Xn-bn¬ ASn®v i_vZw D≠m-°p-Ibpw _lfwhbv°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Xncp-ta\n k¶-S-Øm¬ IÆp-\o¿ hm¿Øp-sIm≠v F¥n\v CsX√mw F∂vtNmZn-®-t∏mƒ ]≈n- ]-[m\n “I≠nt√ Xncp-ta\n sXΩm-Sn-Iƒ ImWn-°p-∂Xv”hn.aqtdm≥ e`n-°msX Xncp-ta\n ZpxJtØmsS ]≈n \S-bn¬ ]m¿∞n®p aS-ßn.

]≈n-]-[m-\n-bpsS A¥yw At±lw £Wn-®p-h-cp-Ønb sXΩm-Sn-Ø-c-Øns‚A\-¥-c- -e-am-bn-cp-∂p. apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn-°p-th≠n ]≈n-bnse ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ønb At±lw ]. At¥ymJy knwlm-k-\-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn sNbvX-Xn\p \ap°v am∏-t]-£n-°mw. At±lw sNbvX \∑-Iƒ°v \µn t\cp-Ibpw ]m]-ßƒ£an-°p-hm≥ k¿∆-i-‡-t\m-S-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNømw.

Imbw-I-fsØ Znhy-io. anJm-tb-e-®s‚ Bflm¿∞-amb klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSnsIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n ae-¶-c-bn¬ Zb-d-Ifpw A\m-Y-a-µn-c-ßfpw BXp-cm-i-a-ßfpwÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v hf-sc-tbsd ]h¿Øn-®p. t]mØm-\n-°m´v 300 G°-tdmfw ÿewk`bv°p th≠n ]Xn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw Xncp-ta-\n°v Ign-™p. k`-bpsS \nc-¥-c-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-°p-th≠n Xncp-ta\n hln-®p-t]m∂ ]¶pw kln® t¢i-ßfpw a\- n-em-°nb ae-¶c k` At±-l-Øn\v kap-∂-X-amb ÿm\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v BK-ln-®p.1087 Nnß-Øn¬ Bep-h-bn¬ h®v \S∂ kp∂-l-tZmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb ae-¶c At m-kn-tb-j≥ ]kn-U‚pw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bp-ambn Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.


]mW-ºSn hnip≤ t]Pns‚ XpS¿®

apf-¥p-cpØn tZiØv t]Pns‚ XpS¿®

tijw 31˛mw t]Pn¬

]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°vbv°vbv°vbv°vbv°v

h≥h-c-th¬]pw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw \S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-ffn sk‚h≥h-c-th¬]pw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw \S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-ffn sk‚h≥h-c-th¬]pw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw \S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-ffn sk‚h≥h-c-th¬]pw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw \S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-ffn sk‚h≥h-c-th¬]pw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw \S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-ffn sk‚ vvvvv

tPm¿Pv t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]ffnbpsS aqtdm-\- n-tj-IhpwtPm¿Pv t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]ffnbpsS aqtdm-\- n-tj-IhpwtPm¿Pv t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]ffnbpsS aqtdm-\- n-tj-IhpwtPm¿Pv t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]ffnbpsS aqtdm-\- n-tj-IhpwtPm¿Pv t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]ffnbpsS aqtdm-\- n-tj-Ihpw


SÃn C. hn. tPm¨C©-°m´v

skI-´dn tXmakvtXmakv ]g-b-Xp-cp-

tØ¬

P\-d¬ I¨ho-\¿]n. hn. amXypaW-epw-`mKw

k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bwKw sI. kn. Ipcy≥

\Sp-hn-te-∏-d-ºn¬

`Zm-k\ Iu¨kn-ewKwim¥Ω amXyp C©-°m´v

Uo°≥ APojv ]p∂≥(C-S-h-Imw-Kw)

tPm¨ tP°_v C©-°m´v(]-ªn-kn‰n I¨ho-\¿)

XymK-Øn-s‚bpw A≤zm-\-Øns‚bpw ]q¿ØoI-cWw

tXmakv Ipcy≥ Iioim I≠m-¥, hnImcn

]pXp-∏-≈n-bnse NnX-dn -t∏mb kXy-hn -izm -kn -I-fpsSBń≥Iq´w H∂n®p IqSn ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p _e-lo-\-\mb Rm\pwtImX-tI-cn¬ tPm¨ Iio-imbpw, tIm´bw `Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eoØ tUm. tXmakv am¿ Xo-tam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSIev]\ ]Imcw ipiq-j-Iƒ°mbn Chn-tS°v \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CS-bv°n-sS-bp-≠m-Ip∂ sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn¬ Bcm-[\ apS-ßp-Ibpw ÿe kuI-cyßƒ XnI-bmsX hcn-IbpwsNbvX-t∏mƒ Hcp ]pXnb ]≈n \n¿Ωn-°p-I-sb∂ Bh-iy-ap-b¿∂p. ]m¿∞n®pw ssZh-Øm¬ ic-W-s∏´pw ss[cy-]q¿∆w CS-h-I-s°m∏w Cu Im-cy-Øn-\mbn Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®-t∏mƒ ssIh-i-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]Xo-£-°-

∏p-d-ambn e`n® ]Xn-I-c-W-ß--fn¬ \n∂pw ssZhw BK-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø¬t_m[y-am-bn.

2004 sk]vXw-_¿ amkw 26˛mw XobXn Cu ssZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ineBin¿∆-Zn® ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xs∂ CXns‚ IqZm-ibv°v Fgp-∂-≈p-∂-Xp-ambAhn-kva-c-Wob kw -h-Øn\v km£n-bm-Ip-hm\pw CS-h-I°v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-hm\pw F\n°vkm[n-®Xv Hcp alm-`m-Ky-ambn Icp-Xp-∂p. A\-h-c-X-amb A\p-K-l-ßƒ sIm≠pw CutZmhm-ebw ]q¿Æ-X-bn-se-Øp-Ibpw k`-bpsS almCS-b≥ Fgp-∂-≈Øv ]m]n-°p-IbpwsNbvX-Xn¬ ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]Wn-°p‰w Xo¿∂ AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb Cu]≈n°v 5 tXmtWm-kp-I-fm-Wp-f-f-Xv. ][m\ tXmtWm-kp-Iƒ Imh¬ ]nXm-hmb hn.Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS \ma-Ønepw ]n∂o-Sp-≈h ]. ssZh-am--Xm-hn-s‚bpw tam¿ _l-\m≥ kl-Zm-bp-tSbpw ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bp-sSbpw ]. ]cp-a-e-Xn-cp-ta-\nbp-sSbpw \ma-Øn-em-Wv.

Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\p-≈n¬ Ft∂m-sSm∏w ]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ tImX-tI-cn¬ tPmÏioim Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v t]mIp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv h∂ ^m. _nPp G_lmw XSØn¬∏-d-ºn¬ ÿew amdn-t∏m-Ip-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Ct∏mƒ hµy Ipcy≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m, amen-bn¬ Ft∂m-sSm∏w ipiqj sNbvXp hcp-∂p. Cu al-\ob aplq¿Ø-Øn¬ kvac-W-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ At\Iw sshZo-Icpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-ap-≠v. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-tcbpw t]sc-SpØv]d-bpI Akm-≤y-am-Wt√m. F¶nepw Cu CS-h-Isb ipiq-jn® ^m. B≥Uqkv Nnch-Ød, m. tXmakv ]Xn-bm-°¬, m. tPm¿÷v tIm´-∏-d-ºn¬, m. tPmk^v tPm¨ sh´p-Ip-gn, m. amXyqkv hS-t°-Sw, m. Ipcym-t°mkv Imem-bn¬, F∂n-h-tcbpw Znhw-K-X-\mbsh≈p-∏-d-ºn¬ m. G_-lm-an-t\bpw \µn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p. Cu ]≈n-bpsS F≥©n-\o-b¿ ^m. G_lmw Ccn-°-e-°m´ kn. Fw. sF, B¿°n-sSIv kt¥mjv tPm¨,tIm¨tSm-IvS¿ ^nen∏vIń I√-d-bv°¬ F∂n-h-tcbpw ]tXyIw kvacn-°p-∂p.

Hcp ]pXnb ssZhm-e-b-sa∂ Cu CS-h-I-bpsS kz]v\-Øn\v km£n-bm-Iphm≥Ign-™-Xn¬ ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Cu CS-hI ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssZhm-eb \n¿ΩmW]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn klm-bn-°p-Ibpw ]m¿∞n-°pIbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬IqSnF√mh¿°pw \µn. ssZh-Xn-cp-\maw hmgvØ-s∏-Sp-am-dm-I-s´.

]pXp-∏ffn°nXv [\y-X-bpsS \nanjw

tPm¨ sh´p-h-≈n¬, kπn-sa‚v tIm. Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿

Ncn-X-Øns‚ X¶-Øm-fp-I-fn-te°v Hcn-°¬IqSn ]pXp-∏-≈n-sb∂ at\m-lc Kmaw ]th-in-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pXp-∏≈n F∂t]cnse ]≈n ]pXp-∏-≈n°v ]≈n-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w shfn-hm-°p-∂p. Cu I¿jI Kma-Øns‚ Hmtcm ]`m-Xhpw ]tZmjhpw “Fs‚]pXp-∏≈n ]pWym-f®m” F∂ hnfn-tbm-sS-bmWv Bcw-`n-°p-IbpwAh-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv.

CXm Chn-tSbv°v BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£\pw «olm-∑m-cn¬ Xe-h-\mb ]. ]tXm-kns‚ ss«lnI

knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ hmW-cp-fp-∂-h-\p-amb tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Fgp-∂≈n hcp-∂p.

]pWy-t«m-I-\mb s]cp-º≈nXncp-ta\n

CS-hI saXm-t∏m-eoØmA`n. tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv

kXy-hn-izmk tbm≤mhv Znhw-K-X-\mbhµy Znhy io ISn-b≥Xpcp-Øn¬

tbipIØ-\m¿

Imh¬]n-Xm-hmb hn. Koh-dp-Kokv klZmIpcy≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m amen-bn¬ (kl- hn-Im-cn)

hnip-≤-∑msc BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw kvacW \ne-\n¿Øp-IbpwsNøp∂ kwkvImcw a\pjy Ncn-X-tØmfw ]g-°-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ k`-I-sf√mw Xs∂ CXv AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. “I¿Øm-hns‚ IÆv \oXn-am-∑m-cpsS taepw Ahs‚sNhn Ah-cpsS ]m¿∞-\bv°p Xpd-∂n-cn-°p-∂p”. (1]tXmkv 3:12) F∂v ssZh-h-N\w km£n-°p-∂p. \oXn-am-∑m-cpsS ]h¿Ø\w ssZhw i≤n-°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS]m¿∞\ ssZhw ihn-°p-∂p. Cu hnizm-k-amWv \oXn-am≥am-cpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A`bw ]m]n-°m≥ \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \oXn-t_m-[-Ønepw kXy-hn-izm-k-Ønepw PohnXw\bn® temI-Øns‚ Ing°pw ]Sn-™m-dp-ap≈ Gh-cmepw

BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ip™p ]pcp-j-\mWv hn. Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm. _nójv kmam-Py-Øns‚ Imh¬ ]nXmhv F∂ al-\ob ÿ\w Koh¿Kokv kl-Zbv°v \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cw•o-jp-Im¿s°m∏w t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Imcpw Xß-fpsS Im-h¬ ]nXm-hm-bn- mWv

]tc-X-\mb tXmakv amXyp(t_-_n-®≥) C©-°m´v

]. Koh¿Kokv kl-Zsb AwKo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. k`m ]oV-\-ß-fpsS ImeØv c‡-km-£n-I-fm-b-h-cn¬ ][m-\n-bmWv Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm.

tdmam kmam-Py-Ønse tk\m \mb-Is‚ ]pX-\mb Koh¿Kokv G. Un. 283¬ I∏-tZm-Iy-bn¬ P\n-®p. A[n-Imc tiWn-bn¬ Dƒs∏´ Hcp IpSpw-_mwKw F∂\ne-bn¬ At±-l-Øn\v tdmam kmam-Py-Øn¬ \√ kzm[o\ i‡n-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.InkvXp hnizm-knIsf ITn\ ]oV-\-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-\m-°nb Utbm-¢n-j≥ NI-h¿Øn-bpsS `c-W-Im-e-ØmWv Koh¿Kokv Pm-X-\m-b-Xv. Koh¿Ko-kns‚ _lp-ap-J-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ aqew hnP-b-]-S-hp-Iƒ Nhnń Ib-dp-∂-Xn\v km[n-®n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ kzm[o\w D]-tbm-Kn®v Koh¿Kokv InkvXym-\n-Isf ]oV-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n-®n-cp-∂p. lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bmb Hcp kw -h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p-sIm-≠mWv Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS Bcm-[-\-IƒAt±-l-Øns‚ A]-[m-\-Iƒ hmgvØp-∂-Xv.

en_n-b-bnse sken≥ ]´-W-Øn-t\mSv tN¿∂pff henb Hcp XSm-I-Øn¬A°m-eØv Hcp hnj-k¿∏w Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. B UmK-Wn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏´p sIm≠n-cp∂ hnj ZmhIw aqew At\Iw Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ \mi-Øn\v Cc-bm-bn. \K-c-hm-kn-Isf apgp-h≥ ]cn-`m-¥n-bn-em-°nb CXn\v ]cn-lm-c-am¿§-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-´p. Hcpa\p-jys\ hoXw k¿∏-Øns‚ Blm-c-ambn Hmtcm Znh-khpw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw, AXvNo´v C´v Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw D≈ Xocp-am\w cmP-hn-fw-_cw aqew ]kn≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. Hcn-°¬ No´p hoWXv en_n-b≥ cmPm-hns‚ GI aI-fmb tkm^nb cmP-Ip-am-cn-°m-bn-cp-∂p. cmP-Ip-am-cnsb Hgn-hm-°m≥ cmPm-hn\v Ign-™n-√. hnhm-l-hkvXw [cn®vk¿∏-Øn\v `£-W-am-Ip-∂-Xn¬ XSm-I-°-c-bn¬ cmP-Ip-amcn \n¬°p-tºmƒ hn.Koh¿Kokv AXp-hgn IS∂p t]mbn. AhnsS XSn®p IqSnb P\-ßsf I≠v ImcywXnc-°nb hn. Koh¿Ko-kn-t\mSv cmP-Ip-amcn kw`hw hnhcn-®p. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ XSm-I-Øn-¬ \n∂pw s]m¥n-h∂ hnjw No-dnb ZpjvS k¿∏sØ hn. Koh¿Kokv Ipcn»p hc®vBbp-[-hp-ambn t\cn-´p. \nan-j-ßƒ°p-f-fn¬ k¿∏-Øns\ hI hcp-Øn. P\w F√mwCu A¤pX hm¿Ø tI´v B\µ \rØw sNbvXp. en_n-b≥ cmPmhv kt¥m-j-hm-\m-bn. Koh¿Ko-kns\ Ipdn®v At\z-jn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. “Xm≥ Hcp InkvXym\n BsW∂pwXs‚ \mY-\mb InkvXp-aq-e-amWv ZpjvS k¿∏sØ tXmev]n-°m≥ Ign™”sX∂pwhn. Koh¿Kokv klZm ]d-™p. cmPmhpw ]P-Ifpw InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn®v Ah¿H∂-S¶w amtam-Znk apßn InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn.

]n¬°m-eØv tdmam kmam-Py-Øn¬ A‘-amb InkvXpaX hnt±z-j-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xp aqew hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]oV-\-ßƒ G¬t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p. Koh¿Ko-kns‚sNbvXn-I-sf-°p-dn®v tdmam kmam-Py-Øns‚ Utbm-¢n-j≥ NI-h¿Øn Adn-bp-hm≥CS-bm-bn. At±lw tcmjm-Ip-e-\mbn ]e-X-c-Øn-ep-ff ]oU-\-ßƒ°v Koh¿Ko-kns\hnt[-b-\m-°n. NI-h¿Øn-bpsS ]oU-\-ßsf t\cn´ Koh¿Ko-kns‚ ssZh-i-‡n-bn¬NI-h¿Øn\n Ae-Ivk¥y BIr-jvS-bm-bn. amtam-Znkm kzoI-cn®v InkvXym-\n-bmbnXo¿∂p. F√m hn[ ]oV-\-ß-sfbpw AXn-i-b-I-c-ambn AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ Koh¿Ko-kns\GXp am¿§-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v IpSne-_p-≤n-bmb Utbm-¢n-j≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.

Koh¿Ko-kns‚ ]m¿∞-\-bpsS ê-ambn ]e A¤p-X-ß-fpw \S-∂p. ac-Wm-k-∂-cmb tcmKn-Iƒ t]mepw Koh¿Ko-kns‚ ]m¿∞-\-bpsS ê-ambn kpJw ]m]n-®p. Cu temIw apgp-h\pw Xs‚ Im¬°o-gn-e-a-cp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ InkvXp-hns‚ Zmk-\mbn Ign-bp-∂Xv F\n°v ]nb-¶-cw. acWw hcn-t°≠n h∂mepw Rm≥ InkvXp-hns\ X≈n ]d-bn-√. InkvXp-hn\p th≠n c‡-km£n acWw ]m]n®v hnizm-k-hoc¿s°m∏w alXzcmPy-Øn¬ ]th-in-∏m≥ Fs‚ Bflmhv sImXn-°p-∂p.

NI-h¿Øn°v Fs‚ ico-c-sØ-b-√msX Bflm-hns\ kv]¿in-°m≥t]mepamhn-√. CXm-bn-cp∂p NI-h¿Øn-bpsS sImSnb ]oU-\-ß-fpsS a≤y-Øn¬ Dcp-hn´ Koh¿Ko-kns‚ [oc hN- p-Iƒ. Xs‚ ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-N-en-∏n-°m≥ Hcp i‡nbv°pw Ign-bn√ F∂v Ak-∂n-Kv≤-ambn ]Jym-]n-®p. AXn-\o-N-amb]oU-\-ßƒ°v Koh¿Kokv hnt[-b-\m-bn. Xs‚ mcy-bmb Ae-Ivk¥y cm⁄n t]epwCXns\ FXn¿Ø-t∏mƒ Utbm-¢n-j≥ NI-h¿Øn Koh¿Ko-kns\ Nß-e-Iƒ sIm≠v_‘n®v NΩ-ń-I-fm¬ ]e-h´w ASn-bv°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Nß-e-I-fn¬ _‘n-X-\mbKoh¿Kokv Xmsg ap´p-IpØn ]m¿∞n-®p. ]m¿∞-\-bn¬ ebn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒHcp ]S-bmfn At±-lsØ inc-tO-Z\w sNbvXp. hnip-≤-\mb Koh¿Kokv c‡-km-£n-a-cWw ]m]n-®Xv G. Un. 303 G]n¬ 23˛mw Xob-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ùXoI icocw amXr-`-h\w ÿnXn sNbvXn-cp∂ ]me-kvXo-\nseUtbmkv t]men-kn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw kwkvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-Øns‚ icocw ÿnXn sNbvXn-cp∂ Cu ÿm\Øv Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ ]n¬°m-eØv Hcp henb ssZhm-ebw ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-°-s∏-´p. BZ¿i-[o-c-\mbtIm¨Ãm‚n≥ NI-h¿Øn-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu ssZhm-ebw ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®-Xv. ]n∂oSvKoh¿Kokv kl-Z-tbm-Sp≈ `‡n-bm-[nIyw \nanØw ùXo-Im-h-in-jvS-ßƒ ]e \mSp-I-fn-te°pw sIm≠p-t]m-bn- p-≠v. c£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v am¿§-ßƒ D≈-t∏mƒ AXn\p ian-°msX ssZho-I-hn-izm- -Øn¬ Xß-fpsS PohnXw A¿∏n®v kza-\- mse acWw A\p--hn-°p-∂-h-cmWv c‡-km-£n-Iƒ AYhm ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿. Poh≥ A]-I-S-Øn-em-bmepw

I¿Øm-hns‚ ]£Øv \n¬°p-hm\pw Ah\p th≠n ss[cy-tØmsS kwkm-cn-°p-hm\pw hnfn-°-s∏-´-h-\mWv Xm≥ F∂ DØ-a-t_m[yw hn. Koh¿Kokv klZm Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-®p. \m\m PmXn aX-ÿ¿ hn. kl-Zm-bpsS a≤y-ÿ-bn¬ C∂v A`bw]m]n-°p-∂p.

c‡-km£nbmbn Xo¿∂ hn. Koh-dp-Kokv klZmbpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mƒG]n¬ 23- \v k` sIm≠p-h-∂p. hn.-Ko-h¿Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn®v IqZmisNø-s∏-Sp∂ ]pXp-∏≈n ]mXn-b¿°≥ tZhm-ebw tZi-Øn\v A\p-Kl timX- mbn\ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. hn. Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ A -b-s∏- p-sIm≠v \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cmb hniz-mkn-Iƒ FØn-t®-cp∂p ae-¶-c-bnse Cu ]pWy-s∏´ tZhm-ebw «ol-∑m-cn¬ Xe-h-\mb ]. ]tXm-kns‚ ]n≥Kmanbmb ]cn-ip≤ ]mXn-b¿°nkv_mhm Xncp-a-\- nse Xr°c-ß-fm¬ IqZmi sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Cu kpZn\w hn. kl-Zm-tbm-Sp≈ kXy-hn-izmk ]Jym-]-\-Øn¬ kpZn\w IqSn-bm-Wv.

k`m Ncn-X-Øn¬ F∂pw ÿm\-ap≈ ]pXp-∏-≈n-bnse ‘hnizm-k-t]m-cm´[oc¿°v’ ssZh-Øns‚ ssI∏-Wn-bm¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb ssZhm-e-b-Øns‚ hn. aqtdm\`n-tjIw ]. _mhm-bpsS Xrss°-I-fm¬ Cu amkw 24˛mw XobXn\n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Chn-SpsØ Hmtcm aW¬Ø-cnbpw tImcn-Ø-cn-°pw.

]W-Øn-s‚bpw ]Xm-]-Øn-s‚bpw ]N-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw ad-hn¬ kXysØsIm∂v Ipgn®p aqSm≥ ian-®h¿ Xe-bn¬ ap≠n´v \S-t°≠ AXn-Z-b-\o-b-hÿ \ap-°n-hnsS Z¿in-°mw. ssk\y-ßfpsS ssZh-amb btlm-h-bn¬ amXw Bi-bn®p ssZhwX∂ kam-[m\w \ne-\n¿Øm≥ A_lmw ]nXm-hns\ t]mse shdpw-ssI-tbmsS Cd-ßn-t∏m∂ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒs°m∏w ssZhw amX-am-bn-cp∂p Iqń-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

t¢i-ß-fp-sSbpw bmX-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]oU-\-ß-fp-sSbpw B `qX-Im-esØIpdn®v Fgp-Xn-bm¬ ÿew aXn-bm-hn-√. amXm]nXm-°sf AS-°n-bn-´p≈ skan-tØ-cnbpw kIe Ah-Im-i-ßfpw Cs´-dn™v Xncn™p t\m°msX ]Sn-™m-tdm´v \S-∂-t∏m-ƒ, ap≥]n¬ Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Bcm-[\ \S-Øn-bn-cp∂sNdnb]≈n Hscm‰ cmXn sIm≠v \mam-h-in-jvS-am-°n-b-h¿ ssZh-Øns‚ Bebw\in-∏n-°p-∂-hsc ssZhw \in-∏n-°p-sa∂ Smtªm-bp-ambn dmkm \S-Øn-bXv Gsd hntcm-[m- m-k-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ssZh-Øns‚ ssI∏n-Wn-bn¬ kz]v\-Xp-eyhpw AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb ssZhm-ebw]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv Bcp-sSbpw kzImcykzØ-√. ssZh-]-tNm-Z-\-bn¬ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßƒ \¬Inb Adp-Xn-bn-√mØ ka¿∏-W-amWv CXns‚ ]n≥_-ew.AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu ssZhm-e-b-Øns‚ hmXn¬ hnizmkn-Iƒ°mbn Xpd-∂n-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

]. ]tXm-kns‚ ss«lnI knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ hmf-cp-fn-bn-cp∂ ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv A_vZp-≈ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw, ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw ]pWy-hm-\mb bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw hnhn[ Ime-L-´-ß-fn-embn Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Cu ]pWy-s∏´ aÆn-te°vCXm k`-bpsS Xe-h≥ Fgp-∂≈n hcp-∂p. ae-¶c k`bv°v ]pXnb DuSpw ]mhpw\¬Inb c≠mw bmt°m_v _p¿±m\ tijvT ImtXm-en° B_q≥ tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhmbpw k`-bnse CXc saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑mcpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw Chn-tS°v IS-∂p-h-cptºmƒ k` ]q¿Æ-ambpw ChnsS ktΩ-fn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

ae-¶c k -bpsS aWn-ho-W-bm-bn-cp∂, Ime-b-h-\n-I-bv°p-≈n¬ ad™ ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb s]cp-º≈n Koh¿Kokv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Cu CS-h-Imw-Kambn-cp-∂p. kXy-hn-izmk tbm≤mhv Znhw-K-X-\mb hµy. ISn-b-Øp-cp-Øn¬ tbip IØ-\m¿°v CS-h-I-∏-≈n-bmb ]pXp-∏≈n hen-b-]≈n-bn¬ BdSn aÆp-t]mepw \ntj-[n-°-s∏´ ZpxJkXyw ad-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. Nn∂n-®n-X-dnb Bń≥ Iq´-Øn\v Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ Hcp Beb-ap-≠m-°p-hm≥ ap≥\n-c-bn¬ \n∂v ]h¿Øn®v ssZh-k-∂n-[-nbn-te°vhnfn-°-s∏´ C©-°m´v tXmakv amXyp (t_-_n-®≥) kz¿§-Øn-en-cp∂v A\p-K-loXaplq¿Ø-Øn\v km£n-bm-Ip-∂p. tIm´bw Nß-\m-ticn tdmUv sskUn¬ ]pXp-∏-≈n-bpsS ]IrXnca-Wo-b-amb ]›m-X-e-Øn¬ Xe-bp-b¿Øn \n¬°p∂ Cu ssZh-k-t¶-X-Øn-te°v F√m hnizm-kn-I-tfbpw \µn-]q¿∆w £Wn-°p-∂p. Cu [\y-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØv Ncn-X-kw- -h-Øn\v km£n-I-fm-Ip-hm≥ \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cmb F√mA`yp-X-Imw-£n-I-tfbpw BZ-c-thmsS £Wn-°p-∂p.

]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v h≥h-c-th¬]pw ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw

\S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-ffn sk‚ v tPm¿÷v t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]ffnbpsS aqtdm-\- n-tj-Ihpw


t]mKmw18˛10˛08hnfw-_ctLmj-bm-Xbpw Ombm-NnX ]XmI Zo]-inJm]bm-Whpw

19˛10˛08sImSn-tb‰pw t^mt´m A\m-Om-Z-\hpw

20, 21, 22, 23 kphn-ti-j-tbm-K-ßƒ

24˛10˛08tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Xrss°-I-fm¬ ssZhm-eb IqZmi

25˛10˛08hn. A©n-t∑¬ Ip¿∫m\

26˛10˛08hn. Ip¿∫m-\bpw s]mXp-ktΩf-\hpw

Imh¬]n-Xm-hmb hn. Koh-dp-Kokv klZm

]pXp-∏ffn°nXv [\y-X-bpsS \nanjw

Xs‚ Bflob a°-fpsS hf¿®bpw t£ahpw amXw e£y-am-°n-bn-cp∂ B]ca ]cn-ip-≤\v kz¥-ambn Cu temI-Øn¬ H∂pw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Ign-™n-√. hni-a-an-√mØ A≤zm-\hpw ITn-\-amb Xm]-k-Po-hn-Xhpw aqew Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS BtcmKyw\mƒ°p-\mƒ £bn®p h∂p. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ A∂v Iep-jn-X-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ k`m-¥-co£w Xncp-ta-\nsb IW-°n-tesd thZ-\n-∏n-®p. _p≤n-am\pw `c-W-X-¥-⁄\pwBbn-cp∂ h´-ticn saXm-®≥ hn. At¥ymJy knwlm-k-\-Øn-t\m-Sp -ffIogvhg°Øn¬ t]mIm≥ hnk-ΩXw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw hn. k` hnL-Sn-X-am-Ip-I-bpwsNbvX Hcp Ime-b-f-hm-bn-cp∂p ]n∂o-Sp-≠m-b-Xv. Xs‚ Ab¬°m-c-\mbncp∂ NmØp-

cp-Øn¬ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bn¬ \n∂v e`n-®Xpw kzbm¿÷n-X-hp-amb ]cn-ip≤ knwlm-k-\-tØm-Sp-ff Iogvhg-°-Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-N-en-°p-hm≥ sIm®p-]-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\nXøm-dm-bn-√. XXv -e-ambn imco-cn-Ihpw am\- n-I-hp-amb Iqc-]o-U\-ßƒ°v At±lwCc-bm-bn. ]gb skΩn-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw At±-lsØ ]pd-Øm-°m≥ hmfpw hSn-hm-fp-I-fp-ambn FØnb ap´mf kwL-tØmSv \nßƒ hmfpw hSn-I-fp-ambn FØn-bXv F¥n-\v, Rm≥ s]mbvs°m≈mw F∂v ]d™v Ahn-sS-\n∂v Cd-ßnb “km£m¬ ssIkvX-hs\” tIm´bw ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-°m¿ A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ “ssIsh-f-f-bn¬” kzoI-cn®p sIm≠p-t]m-bn.

]mWº-Sn-°-seØn Zo¿L-\mƒ Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p apºv ae-¶c k`m-a-°sf ZpxJØn-em-gvØn-s°m≠vXncp-ta\n Be-ky-hn-t[-b-\m-bn. ItaW InS-°-bn¬ \n∂v Fgp-t\¬°p-hm≥ t]mep-ap≈ ico-c-tijn \jvS-s∏- p. AS™ \b-\-ß-tfmsS At_m-[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ InS-°p-tºmgpw X\n°v ]nb-s∏- -h-cn¬ Bsctbm I≠n-s´-∂-hÆ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Np≠p-I-fn¬ t\cnb ]p©ncn hnS-cm-dp-≈Xv ]d™ptIń-´p-f-fXv it≤-b-am-Wv.

Adn-hp-sIm≠v hf¿®, Ffn-a-sIm≠v Db¿®, ]m¿∞\sIm≠v i‡n, kXy-k-‘XsIm≠v hnPbwF∂o al-Ømb XXz-ßƒ kz¥-Po-hn-Øn-eqsS ae-¶c k`m-a-°ƒ°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-SpØ ].Xncp-ta-\n, At\Iw ]´-°mcpw `‡-P-\-ßfpw \nd™ IÆp-I-tfmsS t\m°n-\n¬s° F. Un. 1917[\p H∂mw XobXn Xs‚ 67 masØ hb- n¬ Cl-tem-I-hmkw shSn-™p. Xncp-i-cocw Xºp-cms\s]‰ AΩ-bpsS \ma-Ønse ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ Xs∂ kwkvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Npcp-ßnbImew-sIm≠p Xs∂ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-hn-i-a-ÿ-e-amb ]mW-º-Sn-]≈n Hcp Xo¿∞m-S\ tIµ-ambn amdn.

ae-¶c k`-bpsS \mb-I-\pw, am¿§-Zo-]-hp-ambn ]cn-e-kn-®n-cp∂ ]. ]ueqkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkvXncp-ta-\n-bpsS \maw GsXmcp hnizm-kn°pw ]tXy-In®v B ]nXm-hns‚ P∑-\m-Smb apf-¥p-cp-Øn°vF°m-ehpw Bizm-k-Zm-b-I-ambn \ne-\n¬°pw F∂p-f-fXv Xo¿®-bm-Wv. AXn-\p≈ A¿l-Xbpw`mKyhpw e`n-°-W-sa-sb∂v \ap°v Bflm¿∞-ambn ]nXm-hn-t\mSv ]m¿∞n-°mw.

apf-¥p-cpØn tZiØv t]Pns‚ XpS¿®

At¥ym-Jy-bp-sSbpw Ing-s°m-s°bpsSbpw ss«lnIknwlm-k-\-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ ae-¶-c-k- -bn¬ F.Un 1876 hscHcp saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø amX-amWv `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F.Un1876 Pq¨ 27, 28, 29 F∂o Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏´ apf-¥p-cpØnkp∂-l-tZmkv \n›-b-]-Imcw ]. ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh \ΩpsS kuI-cy-Øn-\mbn `Zm-k-\-ßƒ cq]n-I-cn-®p. B `Zm-k-\-ßƒ°v saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-scbpw hmgn®v \nb-an-®p. AXv kw_-‘n-®p≈ Imcy-ßƒIqSn a\- n-em-°n-bn-s√-¶n¬amX-sa, ]. ]utemkv tam¿ Ip-dn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS saXm-`n-tjIw kw_-‘n-®p≈ hnh-c-ßfpw B kml-N-cy-ßfpw a\- n-

em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. hS-°≥ ]d-hq¿, sk‚ v tXmakv ]≈n-bn¬ h®v ]. ]tXmkvXrXob≥ _mh Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠v; sIm√w `Zm-k-\-Øn\v th≠n˛ IS-hn¬ ]utemkvam¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-sb-bpw, Xpº-a¨ `Z-k-\-Øn-\p-th≠n tIm\m´vKoh¿§okv tam¿ bqentbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-sb-bpw, \ncWw `Zm-k-\-Øn-\p-th≠n NmØp-cp-Øn-bn¬ Koh¿§okv tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-sb-bpw, A¶-amen Zm-k-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n˛ Aºm´v Koh¿§okv tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-sbbpw hmgn-®p. AXn\ptijwIp∂wIpfw (Nn-d-fbw) ]-≈n-bn¬ h®v sIm®n `Zm-k-\-Øn-\p-th≠n Itcm´v hoń¬ sia-hq≥ tam¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-tbbpw˛ apdn-a-‰-Øn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-sbbpw hmgn®v Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. Aßs\ k`m-`-c-W-Øn\v Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ hcp-Øn. ]n∂oSv sIm√Øv \n∂v IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nsb tIm´bw `Zm-k-\-Øn-te°pw tIm´bw `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ Npa-Xe D≠m-bn-cp-∂˛ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn-cp∂ tPmk^v tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb sIm√w`Zm-k-\-Øn-te°pw; am‰w \¬In \nb-a\w \S-Øn. Cu `cW Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ°v tijw]. ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh Xncn-s®-gp-∂≈n

ta¬ ]kvXm-hn® Ggv( 7) saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cn¬

tIm\mSv bqen-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ˛ 21.3.1884 epwItcm´v hoń¬ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ˛ 2.10.1886 epwAºm´v Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n ˛ 9.3.1891 epwNmØp-cp-Øn¬ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ˛ 3.11.1902 epwIS-hn¬ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ˛ 2.11.1907 epwImew sNbvXp. AXn-\m¬ tijn-°p∂ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am¿ apdn-a‰w ]utemkv

Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, tPmk^v tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, amX-a-am-bn-cp-∂p.Cu c≠v saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am¿ amXw cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ ]bm-k-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv]pXn-b-Xmbn c≠v saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-amsc hmgn-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-b-Xv. B kml-N-cy-Øn-emWvsXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, h -t»-cn¬ Koh¿§okv Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw hmgn-°s]-´-Xv.

A°m-eØv At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ ]. A_-tZ-Zm-temslm ZzoXo-b≥_mh-bm¬ 1908 sabv 31 ˛mw XobXn hmgn-°-s∏´ sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ k`m-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ D÷z-e-ambhc-thev]v \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øp-\n∂pw t_mń¬ bmX sNbvX Xncp-ta-\n-am¿°vIpa-cIw ]≈n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Pe-K-Xm-KX hml-\-ß-fnepw Ifn-h-≈-ß-fn-ep-ambn[mcmfw hnizm-kn-Iƒ AI-ºSn kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿ As∂mXp henb Ptem’hwXs∂ \S-Øn-sb∂ ]d-bmw.

tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn IS-hn¬ h∂n-d-ßnb saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-amsc AhnsS \n∂pwBbn-c-°-W-°n\v hnizm-kn-Iƒ tN¿∂v tLmj-bm-Xm-bmbn tIm´bw Fw. Un skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v FXn-tc-‰p. apØp-°p-S-Iƒ, sImSn-Iƒ, s]m≥sh≈n-°p-cn-ip-Iƒ, s\‰n-∏´w sIńbKP-ho-c-∑m¿, hmZy-tLmjw,sN-≠-tafw, _m‚ vsk-‰v, Ch-sb√mw D≈ ctPm-Nn-X-amb Hcphc-th-ev]m-bn-cp-∂p A∂v \¬In-b-Xv. tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bnse kzoI-cW ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ka¿∏-®n-cp∂ awK-f-]-X-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp awK-f-Km\w C]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

""]msem-Øo-Sp∂ Io¿Øn ]Np-cna kXXw]m¿Øse tN¿Øm-\-\ev]wtNsem-Øm-flob IrXyw NnX-sam-Snl hln˛®oi hnizm-k-]q¿∆wase-Øm-XX kuJy-tØmSv KpW-\n[n am¿ Ipdn-tem-kmJy saXm-t∏m-eoØ\qdv h¿jw XnI-shmSv hnP-bn-°s´ bo hnjvS-]-S-Øn¬''Cu Ihn-X-bpsS KZy-cq]w C]-Im-c-amWv ""]mep-t]mse ]cn-ip-≤-amb ]i-kvXn-

bpsS B[nIyw F√m-bvt∏mgpw `qan-bn¬ [mcm-f-ambn sNmcn-™p-sIm≠v Bflnb Imcy-ßƒ wKn-bmbpw Nn -bmbpw \n¿h-ln-®p-sIm≠v k¬KpW kº-∂\pw ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bp-amb tam¿ Ipdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, Aßv CS¿®-bn-√m-Ø, kpJ-k-t¥mjw \nd™v\qdv (100) h¿jw ]q¿Æ-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cu temI-Øn¬ hnP-bn-°-s´.''

k -bn¬ A`n-]m-b-hy-Xymkw \msº-Sp-°p-∂p. ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØnb

]pXnb saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-amsc BtLm-j-]q¿∆w kzoI-cn®v A\p-tam-Zn-s®-¶nepw Nne-cn¬Nne \ockw D≠m-bn-Øp-S-ßn. h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS \nbp-‡-\mbn hmgn-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Nne-scms° [cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv_mh c≠p-t]-scbpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cm-bn- m-bn-cp∂p hmgn-®-Xv. CXn¬ Hcp hn`m-K-Øn\vAa¿jw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Ncn-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-eqsS ]T\w \S-Øn-bn´pw ImcWw a\- n-em-hmØ as‰mcp kwK-Xn-IqSn ]kvXm-hn-°-s´. A°m-eØv apdn-a‰w Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb Zm-k-\-`-d-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬ h´-t»cn Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, apdn-a‰w Xncp-ta-\nbpw tbmPn®v At¥ymJym hnizm-k-Øn¬ A`n-]mb hyXymkw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

]. ]utemkv tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n kXy-hn-izmk kwc-£-

W-Øn-\mbn ITn-\m-≤zm-\w-sN-øp∂p. A`n-hµy tPmk^v tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n hm¿≤Iy kl-P-amb Akp-Jw-aqew 1908 BZyw apX¬ hni-a-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. (B ]nXmhv 11.7. 1909 ¬ Imew sNbvXp) At¥ymJym hnizm-k-Øn-ep≈ k`-bp-ambn ]nW-ßnb h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, apdn-a‰w Xncp-ta-\n-bpw, hnizm-k-hn-]-coX ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°vt]m’m-l\w \¬In-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ae-¶c apgp-hm\pw k©-cn®v k`m-a-°sfkXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n®v \n¿Øp-hm≥ sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n kln-t°≠ h∂ XymK-ßƒ hfsc hep-Xm-Wv.

hnizm-k-Xym-K-ßƒ apdpsI ]nSn-®-t∏mƒ iXp-°ƒ HXp-°m-\p≈ he-Iƒ hncn-®p.AXv IqSp-X¬ Zp:JØn-\n-S-bm-°n-sb-¶nepw ]n≥am-dn-bn-√. iXp-°sf tZmln-°msXAh¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-®p. [¿Ωhpw A[¿Ω-hpw, \oXnbpw A\o-Xnbpw; kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw; Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ ssZh-Øn¬ amXw Bi-bn-®-t∏mƒ B ]nXmhv tijvT-\m-bn.

]. ]mXnb¿°n-kv _mh-bpsS BK-a\w. F.Un 1906 apX¬ 1916 hsc

]. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Ønse ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh-bm-bn-cp∂ ]. A_vtZ-Zm-temtlm ZznXo-b≥ _mh F. Un. 1090 sk]-‰w-_¿ 24-˛mw XobXn ae-¶-c-bn¬ ss«lnIkµ¿i\w \S-Øn. kXy-hn-izmkw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-am-b-sX√mw \n¿h-ln-®p. apS-t°-≠-hsc apS-°n. ]pXnb saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-amsc hmgn-®p. `cW]c-amb Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ\S-Øn. hn. aptdm≥ IpZmi \S-Øn.

]. ]utemkv tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ITn-\m-≤zm-\-Øn\v Aev]w ia\we`n-®-Xv, ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh 1910 sabv 27-˛mw XobXn ss]\m-SØv ]utemkv dºms\

AI-∏-dºv ]≈n-bn¬ h®v ]utemkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.

`b- -‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn hn. aptdm≥ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂p. ]. A_vtZZ

temtlm ZznXo-b≥ _mh ae-¶-c-bn¬ Fgp-∂-f-fn-b-t∏mƒ 1011 BKÃv 19-˛mw XobXnapf¥pcpØn am¿tØmΩm ]≈n-bn¬ h®v hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\vtijw hn. aqtdm≥ hnhn[ ]≈n-Iƒ°v hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb G¬∏n-®p. Xncp-a v AXv apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bpsS taºq-ń¬ h®v]qń kq£n-®p. Hcn-°¬ as‰mcp ]≈n°v hn. aqtdm≥ Bh-iy-ambn h∂-t∏mƒ Hcp ZnhkwXncp-ta\n ]≈n-bn-seØn ]m¿∞n-®-tijw Hcp-ßn-h∂v ]≈n-]-am-Wn-tbmSv hnhcw ]d-™p. Abmƒ XS w krjvSn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ kwkm-cn-®p. ]n∂oSv taºq- ns‚ Xmt°m¬Cs√-∂-dn-bn-®p. AXn\v adp-]-Sn-bmbn Xmt°m¬ Cs√-¶n¬ sIm√s\ hnfn®v Xpd-∏n-°p-hm≥ Xncp-a-\ v I¬∏n-®p. sIm√s\ hnfn®v Xpd-∏n-®m¬ Ah¿ _lfw hbv°pw F∂v]≈n-]-amWn Adn-bn-®p. Cu kabw \mS-I-im-e-bn¬ Nne¿ IqSn-\n∂v D®-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-I-bpw, `nØn-bn¬ ASn®v i_vZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A°m-eØv saXm≥I£n-°m¿°-\p-Iq-e-amb Nne¿ B ]≈n-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬hnh-c-W-ßƒ a\- n-em-°nb Xncp-ta\n hn.-aq-tdm≥ FSp-°msX ]m¿∞n-®-tijw ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v aS-ßn-t∏m-bn.

Xma-kn-bmsX GXm\pw Znh-k-ßƒ°p-tijw ˛A-⁄m-X-amb Imc-W-Øm¬s]s´∂v ]≈n-]-am-Wn-bpsS acWw kw`-hn-®p.

ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø. ]. A_vtZ-Zm-temtlm ZznXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv

_mh 1911 BKÃv 30-˛mwXob-Xn, Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan\mcn-bn¬, ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbmKw hnfn®p tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. Cu tbmK-Øn¬ h®v sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\-tØ°v sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. Cukw- -h-tØm-Sp-IqSnh´-t»cn Xncp-ta\n t\XrXzw \¬In-bn-cp∂ hn`m-Kw, sXmgp-∏m≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ]pdw-X-≈m-\p≈ X¥-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°n.

ae-¶c saXm-\m-bn-cp∂ A`n-hµy tPmk v tam¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ImewsNøp-∂-Xp-hsc tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. h´-t»cn Xncp-ta\n tIm´bw Fw. Un, skan-\m-cn-bnepw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. sXmgp-∏m≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ \n∂pw dºm-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Imew apX¬ ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-te°vXmakw am‰n-bn-cp-∂p. sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\nsb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØÿm\-tØ°v sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-bp-S-s\, h -t»cn Xncp-ta\n Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pwtIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn-te°v Xmakw am‰n. Xs∂-bp-a√ Icms´ hnZ-KvZ-cm-b-hsc AwKc£-I-cmbpw \nb-an-®p. Aßs\ ]gb skan-\m-cn-bpsS Hcp mKØv h -t»cn Xncp-ta-\nbpwAwK-c-£-Icpw; as‰mcp `mKØv Hcp apdn-bn¬ sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpwXma-kn-®p. B ÿnXn 1912 hsc XpS¿∂p. CXn-t\m-Sn-S-bn¬ ]e-hn[ òj-Wn-Ifpw \ΩpsSae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn-cp∂ ]. ]utemkv tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n°v FXn-cmbnDb¿∂p-h-∂n-cp-∂p. ChnsS Nn¥n-t°≠ Hcp kwK-Xn-bp-≠v. C°m-eØv [mcm-f-ambn ]d-™p-tIƒ°p∂ \ne-hn-ep≈ ÿnXn X¬ÿn-Xn, Ãm‰kvtIm Fs∂ms° ]d-bp∂C≥Uy≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hn`mKw A∂v Ãm‰kvtIm \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ ian-°m-sX-bn-cp-∂Xv F¥mWv? CXv A[n-Imcw ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m-\t√? CXv sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]d™p hnSm-\p≈ ka¿± X¥-am-bn-cp-∂n-t√? B e£y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bt√ Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-te°p h∂Xv? F¥n-\mWvIcms´ hnZ-KvZ-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ AwK-c-£-Isc \nb-an-®Xv?

at\m:ZpJw h¿≤n-°p∂p k`-bpsS t]cn¬ Kh¨sa‚n¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂

^nIvkUv sUt∏m-kns‚ ]eni hmßm-\p≈ A¿lX \n›-bn-°m≥ th≠n A∂sØKh¨sa‚ v XpS-ßn-h® hń-∏-W-tI-kn¬ ]. ]utemkv tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n a\- -dn-bmsX ]Xn-ÿm-\Øv hs∂-Øn. AXv \ΩpsS Xncp-ta-\n°v at\m:ZpJw h¿≤n-∏n® HcpkwK-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂pw k`m-tI-kp-Iƒ XpS-cp-∂p. CXn-s\mcp Ah-km\w D≠m-h-W-sa∂v kz¿§-Øn¬ Ccp-∂p-sIm≠v B tijvT ]nXmhv ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p-≠m-hpw.

]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Ipa-c-I-tØ°v F. Un. 1912 se lmim-

B-gvN-bnse Znhy ipiq-j-Iƒ°mbn sXmgp-∏mS≥˛ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb IpacIw]≈n-°m¿ £Wn-®n-cp-∂p. AX-\p-k-cn®v Hmim\ Rmb-dm-gvN-bpsS Xte-Zn-hkw i\n-bmgvNXncp-ta\n ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbn. Ipa-cIw ]≈n-bn-se-Znhyipiq-j-Iƒ°v tijw Dbn¿∏v s]cp-∂mƒ Ign™v Xncp-a-\ v ]mºmSn ]≈n-bn-te-°mWvh∂-Xv. ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xs‚ ]m¿∞\m Pohn-X-Øn\v XS w t\cn-´-Xn¬ ]n∂oSv]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Xncp-a-\ v t]mbn-cp-∂n-√.

]mW-ºSn tIµo-I-cn®v k`m- -c-Ww˛ A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS IS-∂p-I-b-‰-

Øn\v Cc-b-hmsXbncn-°p-hm≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n, ]mW-ºSn ]≈n tIµo-I-cn-®m-bn-cp∂p 1912 apX¬ k`m-`-cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. B \ne 1917 Unkw-_¿ 14 hsc XpS¿∂p.Cu A©v h¿j-°mew ae-¶-c-bnse ]mXn-b¿°m hn`m-K-Øns‚ kncm-tIµw ]mW-ºSn]≈n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]Ya ]pcpj ]tbmKw CjvS-an-√mØ Xncp-ta\n : sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-

]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ]cm-a¿in®v ]ecpw KŸ-c-N\ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Nne¿ teJ-\-ßƒ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. adp-hn-`m-K-Ønse Nne¿ B ]pWym-flm-hns\ ]cm-a¿in®v Ah-cpsSXqen-I-bn¬ IqSn A`n-]mb ]I-S-\-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ""B\-]m∏n'' tIkn¬ IΩo-j≥]mW-ºm-Sn-bn¬ FØn. ]. ]utemkv am¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ \n∂pw samgn-tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. Ncn-X-]-kn-≤-amb hń-∏-W-tI-knse km£n samgn-I-fn¬ Cu ]cn-ip≤s\]cm-a¿in-®n- p-≠v. apf-¥p-cp-Øn k∂-l-tZm-kns\∏‰n A∂v apX¬ [mcmfw hy‡nIƒ Fgp-Xp-∂p. ]ecpw B ]cn-ip-≤s‚ kw`m-j-W-ssien kw_-‘n-®n-´p≈ hnhcw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. CXn¬ \ns∂√mw a\- n-em-hp-∂Xv sXmgp-∏m-S≥˛ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ ]Ya ]pcp-j-]-tbmKw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂n-√m-sb-∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv Rm≥, Fs‚,Ft∂mSv, F∂n¬, F∂o ]tbm-K-ßƒ, A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ssien˛ AXv Xncp-ta\n Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Bi-bm-Z¿i-ß-fpsS anI-hp-sIm≠pw khn-ti-j-amb X\na sIm≠pw, D∂-X-amb \ne-hmcw ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. B ]nXm-hns‚ kw`m-j-ssi-en.

]utcm-lnXy \¬h-c-Zm-\w˛ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-

ta\n saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn h∂-tijw Xncp-a-\- n¬ \n∂pw ]utcm-lnXy \¬h-c-Zm\w ]m]n-®-h¿ samØw sXmÆq‰n aq∂v (93) t]cp-≠v. CXn¬ aq∂v hy‡n-Iƒ ]mW-ºmSn ]≈n-bn-S-h-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏- -h-cm-Wv. kz`m-h-ip-≤n-bp-≈-hcpw hnZym-k-º-∂-cp-amb bphm-°sf I≠v ]nSn®vAh¿°v ]utcm-lnXy \¬hcw \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]tXyIw i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.

1911 sk]v‰w-_¿ 11-˛mw XobXn h©n-Øm-‰n¬ io. Ipcym-t°m-kn\v ]mW-ºmSnbn¬h®v ""tImdqtbm'' ]´w Xncp-a-\ v \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv At±lw h©n-Øm-‰n¬_lp-am-\-s∏´ Ipcym-t°mkv dºm≥ F∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

1913 am¿®v 24˛mw Xob-Xn, t\cy-¥-d-bn¬ io. aØm-bn°v ""tImdqtbm'' ]´w ]mW-º-Sn-bn¬ h®pw, 1914 HIvtSm-_¿ 12-˛mw XobXn t\cy-¥-d-bnse _lp-am-\-s∏´ aØmbn siΩm-i\v ]ndhw ]f-fn-bn¬ h®v Bdmw-]´w F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ""aviwtimt\m'' ]´-hpw, ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n \¬In-b-\p-K-ln-®p.

1916 HmKÃv 6˛mw XobXn ]mW-ºSn CS-h-I-bn¬s∏´ sIm∂-bn¬ _lp-am-\-s∏Ípcym-t°mkv siΩ-i\v ]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬ h®v Imiotim ]´w \¬In-bXpw sXmgp-∏m-S≥˛sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Wv. B Imiotim ]n¬°m-eØv amen-bn¬ Ipcym-t°mkv IØ-\m¿ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ XpS-ßn. amenbn¬ A®≥ tIm´bw ""sh≈q¿'' IpSpw-_mw-K-am-

ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn-cp∂ ]cn-ip≤ ]utemkv tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta\nkn. hn. Ip™-®≥ sNtºm-e, CS-∏-≈n, sIm®n


sW∂v B IpSpw-_-Øns‚ NnX-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.sXmgp-∏m-S≥˛ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS [\y-amb PohnXw ]cn-ip-Z-[-am-bn-cp-

∂p. Nne ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ]cn-ip-≤-\mb NmØp-cp-Øn-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm∏w Du¿t«w bmXbn¬, Xncp-a-

\- ns\ IqSmsX Ggv(7) t]¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. B bmXm-kw-L-Øns‚ Htc Hcp dºm≥amXsa D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. AXv sXmgp-∏m-S≥˛ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv dºm-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

1876 sk]v‰w-_¿ 5 \v dºm-\mb sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm-®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n 1098 sabv30 hsc dºm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv \o≠p ap∏-Øn-c≠v (32 ) h¿jw dºm-\mbn Ign-™p.""aä-b-s\-¶nepw hnä-b-tcmSv tN¿∂ Ign-bp∂ hy‡n-bmWv dºm≥'' ""temIw XmXktlm-Z-c≥ PmXn-bXpw Xd-hmSpw

BsI-bp-t]-£n®v tbip-hn-\mbn Ign-bp∂''Ah-ÿ-bmWv dºm-∑m¿°v D≈-Xv. Imiotim ]´w kzoI-cn-®-tijw ""Zbtdm

bqtkm'' dºm≥ ]´w kzoI-cn®v CXbpw Imew k`-bv°p-th≠n t]mcm-Snb Hcp dºm≥k`-bn¬ thsd-bpt≠m? Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

NmØp-cp-Øn-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n 4 h¿jw dºm-\mbn Ign-™-tijw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn. sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n 32 h¿jw dºm-\mbn Ign-™-tijw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn.

Bep-h-bnse henb Xncp-ta\n 12 h¿jw dºm-\mbn Ign-™-tijw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn. ioa-bn¬ \n∂pw h∂n-cp∂ …o_ siΩm-i≥ 2 h¿jw dºm-\mbn Ign-™-tijw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn.

ta¬ kqNn-∏n® saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cn¬ Hcm-fpsS t]cv amXw \mw hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ Xp_vtZ-\n¬ kvacn-°p-∂n-√. AXv ]mW-º-Sn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]. ]utemkvtam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cm-Wv.

Cu Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS ]utcm-lnXy PohnXw F∂m-cw-`n-®p-sh∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬]. NmØp-cp-Ønbn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw ]. ]utemkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv (h-enb Xncp-ta-\n) Xncp-ta-\nbpw 10-˛mwhb- n¬ siΩm-ip-]´w kzoI-cn-®-h-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n- Xs‚ 9˛mw hb v ]mbw Ign-™-t∏mƒ siΩm-ip-]´w kzoI-cn-®p. ].…o_ am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv _mh 26-˛mw hb- n-emWv siΩmip ]´w kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

Cu ]. ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS ]mbw hne-bn-cpØn Nn¥n-®m¬ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-°v, NmØp-cp-Øn-bn¬, Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°mƒ 2 h¿jw ]mb-°p-d-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬Bep-hm-bnse henb Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°mƒ 19 h¿jw ]mb-°q-Sp-X-epw, …o_ tam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv _mh-sb-°mƒ 4 h¿jw ]mb-Iq-Sp-Xepw sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.kmaq-ly-tk-h-\-ßƒ

ae-¶-c-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ amt\-PnwKvIΩ‰n \n›-bn-®-X-\p-k-cn®v tIm´bw, sIm®n, `Zm-k\ßƒ ]utemkv tam¿ Ipdn-temkvXncp-ta-\n°v e`n-®p. Cu c≠p `Zm-k-\-ßfnepw ]pXp-Xmbn Nne ssZhm-e-b-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-®p. Nne ssZhm-e-b-ßƒ°v Bh-iyamb ]pXnb sIń-S-ßfpw \n¿Ωn-®p. tIm´bw Zm-k-\-Øn¬ A`n-hµy Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS D’m-l-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn® ]Ya ssZhm-e-b-amWv t]cq¿a¿Ø-ivaq\n ]≈n. AXn-\p-tijw Xm≥ t\XrXzw sImSpØv \n¿Ωn-®-XmWv hS-hm-Xq¿sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ]≈n (s]m≥]-≈n) Cu c≠v ssZhm-e-b-ßfpw At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Iogn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.

A`n-hµy Xncp-a-\- ns‚ D’m-l-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn-®-Xpw, hS-°≥ aÆq¿, sIm√m v `mK-ß-fn¬ Df-f-Xp-amb a‰v c≠v ]≈n-Iƒ, C∂v C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hn`m-K-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂p.

`n∂n-®p \n¬°p∂ k -bn¬ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn-cp∂ ]. ]utemkv tam¿Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I¬]-\-bp-ambn h∂ sshZn-I≥ ]≈n-bn¬ ]th-in®v Xm¬°m-enI IqZmi \S-Øn hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n® Nne ]≈n-Iƒ thsd-bp-ap-≠v. AXn-sem-∂mWvXpº-a¨ `Zm-k-\-Ønse ""h≈n-t°mSv tIm´bw'' ]≈n

Xncp-a-\ v dºm-\m-bncn-°p∂ Imew tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn- amt\-P¿ F∂ \ne-bn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvSn-®n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v t\XrXzw sImSpØ ][m\]≈n-I-fn¬ H∂mWv Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sk‚ vtPm¿÷v ]≈n. C∂v "C¥y-≥ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im-cm¬ cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

dºm-®-\m-bn-cp∂ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utem-kv -d-ºms‚ D]-tZi \n¿t±iw A\p-k-cn®v \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´-XmWv ]mW-ºSn sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bpw, ]m°n¬ sk‚ v tXmakv]≈n-bpw. Cu c≠v ]≈n-I-fnepw H‰ ""C¥y≥ Hm¿tØm-tUmIvkv'' Imc-s\bpw ImWm≥]‰p-I-bn-√m-sb∂v s]mXpsh P\-kw-km-cw.

sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ dºm-®≥ \n¿Ωn® k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]eXpw C∂v ]≈n-I-fm-bn.AXn-sem-∂mWv Ip‰ sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ]≈n. IqSmsX B ]pWym-flmhv ]e hnZym-`ymkÿm\-]-\-ßƒ°pw t\XrXzw sImSpØv XpS°w Ipdn-®n-´p-≠v. ae-¶cbn¬ ]e-bn-SØpwk©-cn®v ]≈n-Ifpw Ah-tbm-sSm∏w kvIqfp-Ifpw Bcw-`n-®p. ]≈n-I-fn¬ kvIqfp-IƒXpS-ßn-b-Xp-sIm≠v '"]f-fn-°qSw'' (]-≈n-bn¬ IqSp-∂Xv ) F∂v t]cp-≠m-bn.]´w sImS ]pkvXIw

]. ]utemkv am¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xpw, kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ Fgp-X-s∏- n- p-≈-Xp-amb ]´w sImS ]pkvXIw C∂v e`y-am-bn- p-≠v. AXv ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb aoJm-tb¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS klm-Z-c-]p-Xn-bpsS aI-\pw, ]tc-X-\mb am∂m-°pgn Fw. kn. tIm¿F∏n-kvt°m-∏-bpsS ]pX-\pw, kpdn-bm\n mjm-]-cn-⁄m-\n-bp-amb io. tP°_v h¿§okv(am-∂-°p-gn Ip™p-tam≥) F∂-bmƒ `Z-ambn kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ \n∂pw e`n-®n-cp∂ hnh-c-ßƒ CXn-t\m-SIw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.tcmKm-h-ÿbpw Imew sNbvX hm¿Øbpw

]. ]utemkv tam¿ Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n°v hm¿≤-Iy-Im-eØv aqXm-ib kw_-‘-amb Akp-J-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\mbn [mcmfw NnIn-’-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. tcmK-Øn\v Imcy-amb ia\w e`n-®n-√. 1917 Unkw-_¿ BZyw-ap-X¬ AkpJw ITn-\-am-bn. NnIn-’-aqew Imcy-amb ]ptcm-KXn e`n-°m-sX-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ 1917 Unkw-_¿ 14\v 9 ]n. Fw. \vImew sNbvXp. A¥y-izmkw hen-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Xs‚ IÆp-Iƒ Xpd∂v kpt_m-[-tØm-Sp-IqSn aq∂v]m-hiyw Ipcn-ip-h-c-®p. sXm -SpØ Znhkw ae-¶-c-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-Øbv°tbmPn-°p-∂-hn-[-Øn¬ I_-dS° ipiqj \S-Øn. I_¿ ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.

Xncp-ta\n hn. ]utem-kn-s\-t∏mse \√ t]m¿ s]mcpXn Hm´w XnI-®v, hnizmkwImØp, \oXn-bpsS IncoSw ]m]n-°m≥ PohnXw apgp-h-\pw, bmX-\-Iƒ kln-®v, ].At¥ymJy knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Iogn¬ AN-©-e-ambn \n∂v k`sb tabn®v `cn®vXncp-ta-\nsb \ng-en® aln-a-Iƒ

Adn-hp-sIm≠v hf¿®, Ffn-a-Iƒs°m≠v Db¿®, ]m¿∞-\m-\n-c-X-amb Pohn-Xw-sIm≠ i‡n, kXyw [¿Ωw \oXn Ch-bm¬ hnPbw, hnizmk ÿnc-X-bm-ep≈ at\m-ss[cyw, At¥ymJym knwlm-k\ `‡n-bn-ep≈ k`m-kvt\-lw, PohnX hnip-≤n-bm-ep≈ssZhoI _ew AXpc -hn-Zym- ym-k˛ kmaqly tkh-\-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ XymK-a-t\m- mhw F∂n-h-bm¬ Cu tijvT]nXm-hns\ AXpey i‡n-am-\m-°n.

kzbw-sN-dp-Xm-bn, a‰p-f-f-hsc hep-Xm-°n, ]m¿∞-\-bpw, D]-hm-khpw [ym\hpwsIm≠ ico-csØ aYn-®v, Bflm-hns\ ZrUo-I-cn®v imco-cn-Im-lm-c-sØ-°mƒ Bfln-bm-lmcw ]nb-am-°n, emfn-Xyw-sIm≠v kaq-l-Øn¬ Cu ]nXm-hns\ it≤-b-\m-°n

hmßp-∂-Xn\v [rXn Iq´m-sX, sImSp-°m≥ ssIIƒ \oń-b-t∏mƒ kwXr]vXnbpsSams‰m-en-Iƒ Ae-b-Sn-®p. Bcm-[m-\m-]m-S-h-Øn-epw, i_vZ-am-[p-cn-bnepw Bscbpw AXn-bn-∏n-®n-cp∂ B k∂ym-k-ti-jvT≥ X\n°v e`n® Xme-¥p-Isf ad-®p-h-®v. AXp-ey-\mb kwLm-S-I≥ F∂-dn-b-s∏-´p. BI¿j-I-amb kz`mh aln-a-Iƒ At±-lsØ Hcp _pl-apJ ]Xn-`-bmbn tim`n-∏n-®p. a\p-jy-Xz-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Z¿i\w sIm≠v, bmX-\-I-fpsSbmYm¿∞y-ßƒ a\- n-em°n ]h¿Øn-®-Xn-\m¬ sXmgp-∏m-S≥˛ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\nkXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v F∂pw ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hm-Wv.

]cn-ip≤ ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw

]mW-ºSn sk‚ v tacokv ]-≈nbpw

kn. hn. sI. sNtºme

Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bn¬ I≠-\mSv sXmgp-∏m-S≥ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂pw, apf-¥p-cpØn sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xma-k-am-°nb IpSpw-_-Øn¬ G. Un. 1850 Unkw-_¿ 4˛mw XobXnbmbn-cp∂psXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS P\-\w. At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXm-hns‚ t]cv Ipcy≥(sXm-Ω≥) F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. amXmhv apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bnse tXm∏n¬ kvIdnbm IØ-\m-cpsS]pXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

A°m-eØv \mń¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ hnZym- ym-k- kºZmbw A\p-k-cn-®p≈kmam\y hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v tijw kpdn-bm\n ]T\w XpS-ßnb _me≥ G. Un. 1860¬siΩm-i-]´w (sIm-dq-tbm), A`n. bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mhm-bn¬ \n∂pw ]m]n-®p. sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv si-Ωm-i≥ F∂-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp∂ At±-l-Øn\v sshZoIhnZym`ymk-Øn¬ ]≈n-Xn- -bn¬ Koh¿Kokv IØ-\m-cpw, Iq\-∏n≈n¬ Koh¿Kokv IØ-\mcpw aev]m-∑m-cm-bn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k`m-N-cn-Xw, hnizm-k-Im-cy-ßƒ,sshZo-I-tk-h-\-Øn-\p≈ a‰v Imcy-ßƒ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymkw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ s]mtemkvsiΩm-i≥ Npcp-ßnb Imew-sIm≠v kzmb-Ø-am-°n.AXn-\m¬ 16˛mw hb- n¬ (F. Un. 1866 Unkw-_-dn¬) I»otim ]´w A`n. bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv_mh-bn¬ \n∂pw ]m]n-®p. XpS¿∂v 1867 P\p-hcn7˛mw Xob-Xn, Xn¶-fm-gvN, I≠-\mSv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbwbmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n ]≈n-bn¬ h®v, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv IØ-\m¿ Xs‚ ]Ya Znhy-_enA¿∏Ww \S-Øn. AXn-\p-tijw apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bnseam¿tXm-a≥ ]≈n-bnse hnImcn ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-Øp.

]. ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv_mh-bpsS al-\ob A≤y-£-X-bn¬ G. Un. 1876Pq¨ 27, 28, 29 F∂o Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ \S-Ø-s∏´ apf-¥p-cØn kp∂-l-tZmkn¬ sshZo-I-s\∂ \ne-bn¬sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv IØ-\m¿kPoh ]¶m-fnØw hln-®p.G. Un. 1876 sk]vXw-_¿5˛mw XobXn ]. ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv_mhm sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv IØ-\m¿°v “Zb-tdm-bqtkm” (d-ºm≥]-´w) \¬In-b-\p-K-ln-®p.

dºm-\mbn tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬, Fd-Wm-Ipfw Ip‰-bn¬ Hcpk¨tU-kvIq-fpw, IpSn-∏-≈n-°q-Shpw ÿm]n-®p. B k¨tU-kvIqƒ C∂v Ip‰-bnse sk‚ vtPm¿÷v ]≈n F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]qØr-°, hS-hp-tIm-Sv, Ip‰, Ducm°mSv XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬ C∂p ImWp∂ hnZym- ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS NcnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ AXn-s‚-sb√mwÿm]I KW-\o-b-cn¬ ][m\n sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv dºm-®-\m-sW∂v a\- n-em-°mw.

sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv dºm-®≥ G. Un. 1895 ¬ tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ at\-P-cmbn Npa-Xe G‰p. Xma-kn-bmsX ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Hcp Nm∏¬ At±lw\n¿Ωn-®p. ]n∂oSv skan-\mcn hI ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ sXßn≥ssX-Iƒ \´p-\-\®v hfw C´vhf¿Øn-bXpw At±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. “ae-¶c CS-hI ]XnI” F∂ amknI ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw A°m-eØv apS°w IqSmsX ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.

]. NmØp-cp-Øn¬ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta\n G. Un. 1895 ¬ hnip≤ \mSv kµ¿i\w \S-Ønb Ah-k-c-Øn¬ B ]cn-ip-≤s\ A\p-K-an-°m-\pw, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv dºm-®\v Ah-kcw e`n-®ncp∂p. hip-≤-\mSv kµ¿i-\-Øn\v tijw Xncn-s®-Ønb dºm-®≥]mW-ºSn ]≈n \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v t]m’m-l\w \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv sk‚ vtPm¿÷v ]≈n \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬In-bXv sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ dºm-®-\m-bn-cp-∂p.IqSmsX tIm´bw, t]cq¿, a¿Ø-»vap\n ]≈n, \´m-ticn sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ]≈n XpS-ßnb]e ]≈n-I-fp-sSbpw ÿm]I KW-\o-bcn¬ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ dºm-®\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

G. Un. 1908 sabv 31˛mw XobXn sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv dºms\ ]utemkvIqdn-temkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn ]. A_vtZ-Zm-temtlm ZznXo-b≥]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm hmgn-®p. G. Un. 1911 HmKÃv 19˛mw XobXn apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ h®v]. A_vtZ-Zm-temtlm ZznXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm, hn. aqtdm≥ IqZmi \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ saXm-t∏m-eoØ F∂ \ne-bn¬ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p. G.Un. 1911 BK-Ãv 30˛mw XobXn \S-Ønb AJne ae-¶c ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbmKw ae-¶c

saXm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\-tØ°v, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. ÿm\m-tcm-lWw Ign-™-bp-Ss\ At±-l-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn [mcmfw FXn¿∏p-IƒAt¥ymJym knwlm-k\ hntcm-[n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-bn. AXn-\m¬ G. Un. 1912 se Dbn¿∏p s]cp-∂m-fn\ptijw ]mW-ºSn ]≈n tIµo-I-cn-®m-bn-cp∂p sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n k`m- -cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

tIm´bw ]mW-ºSn sk‚ v tacokv bmt°m-_mbkpdn-bm-\n-]≈n G. Un. 1897 sk]vXw-_¿ 27\v, IS-hn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bm¬IqZmi sNø-s∏-´ -Xm -Wv . Cu tZhm -e -b--Øn¬BZyImeØv tIm´bw sNdn-b-]-f-fn-bn¬ \n∂pwsshZo-I-scØn Bcm-[\ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv CS-h-I-bn¬s∏´ sshZo-I¿ Cu ]≈n-bn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. bmt°m-_mb kpdnbm\nk`-bnse tIm´bw `Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbA`n. tUm. tXmakv tam¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-

bm¬ Ct∏mƒ Cu ]≈n `cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.Cu ssZhm-ebw ÿm]n-°-s∏´ tijw 1982 hsc ae-¶-c-bn¬ kµ¿i\w \S-

Ønb At¥ymJy ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-am¿ F√m-hcpw ChnsS kµ¿i\w \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. a™-\n-°-c-bn¬ Imew sNbvX ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ _mhm ChnsSA≥]-Øn-c≠v (52) Znhkw Xma-kn-®n-´p-≠v.

]. bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm 1964¬ ae-¶-c-bn¬ ]cy-S\w \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ ]mW-º-Sn-bn-se-Øn. ]pXp-°n-]-WnX ]≈n-bpsS tXmtWm-kns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w \S-Øn.

]. ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-sekv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-L-´-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Ncn-X-]-kn-≤-amb hń-]W tIkv Bcw-`n-®-Xv. Cu tIkn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]Xn-`m-K-ØmWv h∂-Xv.

hm¿≤-Iy-k-l-P-amb AkpJw aqew sXmgp-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ h®v F. Un. 1917 Unkw-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn 9 P M \v Imew sNbvXv. \nXy-X-bn-te° hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v GXm\pw \nanjw apºv B ]cn-ip-≤≥ IÆp-Iƒ Xpd∂vkpt_m-[-tØmSp IqSn 3 ]mhiyw Ipcnip hc-®p. sXm´-SpØ Znhkw ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S°w \S-Øn.

]. ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]nb injy-\mb aoJm-tb¬ tam¿Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw ]n¬°m-eØv ]mW-ºSn ]≈n-bn-emWv I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.


Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I_¿

Xncp-ta-\n-D]-tbm-Kn® Iń¬

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n k`-bpsS P\m-[n-]Xy ]c-am-[n-Imc tbmK-amb bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ 2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 25\v tImX-aw-K-e-Øp-h®v \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. C∂sØ coXn-bn-ep-ff ae-¶-c-bnse BZysØ kpdn-bm\nInkvXym\n At m-kn-tb-j≥ 1876 Pq¨ 27 apX¬ 30 hsc ]. ]tXmkv ]mXn-¿°okv_mhm-bpsS A≤y-£X-bn¬ apf-¥p-cpØn am¿tØm-a≥ ]≈n-bn¬ h®v \S-Ø-s∏-≠-Xm-Wv. CXns\ apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv F∂ t]cnepw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.

1876 apX¬ 2007 hsc \S∂ Atkm-kn-tb-j-\p-I-fpsS eLp-hn-h-c-W-ß-fmWv XmsgsImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. (ÿew, A≤y-£≥, Xob-Xn, Xocp-am-\w, F∂ Ia-Øn¬)1. apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n 1876 Pq¨ 27- 30 ]. ]tXmkv XrXn-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm˛

kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j\pw ][m\ IΩn‰n F∂ t]cn¬ amt\-PnwKvIΩ-‰nbpw cq]o-Icn-®p. XpS¿∂v k`sb `Zm-k\ßfmbn hn`-Pn-°p-Ibpw ]pXnbsaXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m¿ hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2. shfn-b-\mSv ]≈n˛ 1877 P\p-hcn 27- 30 ]. ]tXmkv XrXn-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh3. ]cpae skan-\m-cn 1878 s^_p-hcn 18 ]pen-t°m- n¬ tam¿ Znh∂mkn-tbmkv A©m-

a≥˛]pXnb IΩ-‰n°msc \n›-bn-®p. \ho-I-c-W-°m-cpam-bp≈ tIkpw AXn-\m-bp≈]W-∏n-cnhpw Du¿Pn-X-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.

4. ]pXp-∏≈n ]≈n˛ 1879 G]n¬ 26 tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-a≥˛tIkp aqe-ap-≠mb ISw ho´m≥ \S-]Sn.]≈n-Isf \mep ¢mkmbn Xncn-®p. ]ncnhv XpI\n›-bn-®p.

5. tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn 1886 sk]v‰w-_¿ 11-˛13˛tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-a≥CS-hI ]≈n-I-fpsS hcp-am-\-Øns‚ A©p-i-X-am\w F√m h¿jhpw s]mXp-h-Ibv°v\¬Ip-∂p. Iq´p-S-Ãn-am-cmbn tIm∂´v tImc tbml-∂m≥ aev]m-s\bpw Ip∂pw-]p-dØv tImc De-l-∂m-s\bpw sXc-s™-SpØp.

6. tIm´-bw, ]gb skan-\mcn 1892 am¿®v 30, 31 tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-a≥ amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n-bn-te°v ]pXp-Xmbn 24 t]sc Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. IΩ-‰n-bpsS \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ°v cq]w sImSp-Øp.

7. tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn˛ 1895 \hw-_¿ 21-˛23˛ tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-a≥˛sshZn-ISÃn-bmbn tIm\m´v tImc tbml-∂m≥ a¬]ms‚ \ncymWw aqew Hgnhvh∂ ÿm\-tØ°v tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a¬]ms\ sXc-s™-Sp-Øp.

8. tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn 1901 G]n¬ 24, 25˛ tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-a≥ Ip∂pw]p-dØv tImc De-l-∂m≥ acn® Hgn-hn¬ Ip∂pw-]p-dØv tImc Ipcys\ (kn.sP. Ipcy-≥) Aflmb SÃn-bmbpw ]pXnb 24 AwK amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-sbbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-as‚ ]utcm-lnXy I\-I-Pq-_nenBtLm-jn-°Ww F∂p Xocp-am-\n-®p.

9. tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn 1908 s^_p-hcn 27˛ tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv A©m-a≥˛ae-¶c aev]m≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Knh-dp-Kokv dºm-s\bpw sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv dºm-s\bpw ta¬∏-´- ÿm-\-tØ°v Xnc-s™-SpØp.

10. tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn˛ 1909 \hw-_¿ 25˛ 27 ]. A_vZp≈ ZznXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh

11. Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn˛ 1911 BKÃv 30, sk]v‰w-_¿ 1˛ ]. A_vZp≈ ZznXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh˛ apS-°-s∏´v h´-t»cn Xncp-ta-\n°v ]Icw sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\nsb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-en-Øm-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. tIm\m´v amØ≥ a¬∏m≥, Ip∂pw-]p-dØv kn sP Ipcy≥ F∂nh¿ Skv‰n-am-cmbn XpS¿∂p. ]n∂oSv tNcn-°¬ kn h¿°nsb k`m skI- -dn-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

12. Beph Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn˛ 1918 P\p-hcn 31˛ ].-…o_ tam¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv_mhm ˛ ]. ]utemkv tam¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb ae-¶c saX-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

13. Ipdp-∏pw-]Sn hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n˛ 1931 Pqsse-˛6 ]. Gen-bmkv XrXn-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh˛ k`-bnse `n∂-X-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn\m-bn´v

14. ]mWw-]Sn sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n˛ 1931 Unkw-_¿˛ ]. Gen-bmkv XrXn-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh˛ AXp-h-sc-bp≈ kam-[m-\-i-a-ßsf Ipdn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm≥

15. Icn-ßm-®nd sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ]≈n˛ ]. ]utemkv tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv h-enbXncp-ta\n 1935 HmKÃv 22˛ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn ]. ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv henb Xncp-ta-\nsb ho≠pw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. ]q°p-t∂¬ _lp. AhnctPmk^v A®-s\bpw io ]peym´v XpI-e≥ ]utem Ahn-cm-sbbpw SÃn-am-cmbpwXnc-s™-Sp-Øp. io. sI.-kn. Nmt°m Xc-I≥ Bbn-cp∂pA∂v skI-´dn.

16. aW¿ImSv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n˛ hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ Knh-dp-Kokv tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkvXncp-ta\n˛ G_lmw tam¿ ¢oaokv Xncp-ta-\nsb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-en-Øbmbpw I√q-]-d-ºn¬ _lp. Koh-dp-Kokv A®s\ sshZnI SÃn-bmbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

17. ]pØ≥Imhv sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n˛ 1958 Unkw-_¿ 26˛ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv Knh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en° _mhm-˛ tbm-Pn® k`-bn¬ k`-bn¬ aW-en¬ _lp.bmt°m_v A®-s\bpw D∏q-ń¬ Ipcy≥ G_-lm-an-s\bpw SÃn-am-cmbn Xncs™-Sp-Øp. skI-´-dn-bm-bn io. C. sP tPmk-^n-s\bpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

18. tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan-\mcn 1959 sk]v‰w-_¿ 16˛ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv Koh-dp-KokvZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mh amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bn-te°v 72 t]sc Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

19. aW¿ImSv sk‚ vta-cokv ]≈n˛ 1960 sabv 16 ]utemkv tam¿ ôe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\n˛k`-bnse ]iv\-ßsf kw_-‘n®v

20. \ncWw sk‚ vta-cokv ]≈n˛1962 sabv 17˛tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv Koh-dp-KokvZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mh˛\nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°mbmbn HutK≥ tam¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

21. tIm´bw Fw. Un skan-\mcn 1965 Unkw-_¿ 28˛ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv HutK≥ImtXm-en° _mh˛ ta¬∏´ ÿm\-tØ°v 5 t]scbpw sshZnI SÃn-bmbnsXßpw-tXm-´-Øn¬ Sn. Fkv G_lmw tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-∏m-sbbpw amt\-PnwKvIΩ-‰n-bn-te°v 86 t]scbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. 1966 am¿®v 25 \v io. ]n. kn. G_lmw]Sn-™m-td-°c k` skI-´-dn-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°s∏´p.

22. tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan-\mcn ˛ 1970 Unkw-_¿ 31˛ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv HutK≥ImtXm-en-°m-_mh˛ \nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn h -°p-t∂¬ amXypkv tam¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb Xnc-s™-SpØp. amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bn-te°v 86 t]sc Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

23. Ipa-cIw B‰m-aw-Kew sk‚ v tPm¨kv ]≈n˛ 1972 \hw-_¿ 18˛ io Cu∏≥ tXmakv]mem-º-Sw˛io Cu∏≥ tXma-kns\ ]kn-U‚mbpw ap≠m-°¬ io. Fw. kn.Nmt°m P\-d¬ skI- -dn-bmbpw io. hn. H. G_-lmw, io. Fw.-Fw. h¿°n At©-cn¬, F∂n-h¿ sshkv ]kn-U‚p-am-cmbpw io tP°_v Ão^≥, io tPm¨G_lmw C√n-°fw F∂n-hsc skI-´-dn-am-cmbpw sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. Hcp P\-d¬IΩ‰n cq]o-I-cn-®p.

24. tIm´bw knwlm-k\ ]≈n˛ 1974 Pqsse 4˛ ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh c£m-[n-Im-cn-bmbpw A`n-hµy ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n D]-c-£m-[n-Im-cn-bmbpw Koh-dp-Kokv tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]kn-U‚mbpw tXmakv tam¿Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv sshkv ]kn-U‚mbpw dh. tUm. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ aßm-´-ºfnA®≥ P\-d¬ skI-´-dn-bm-bpw io. Fw.-kn. Nmt°m ap≠-°¬ tPm. skI-´-dn-bmbpw io. tdmbn XpI-e≥ SÃn-bp-am-bp≈ Hcp IΩ-‰n-sb Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.

25. Xpcp-Øn-ticn knwlm-k-\-]-≈n˛ 1975 Unkw-_¿ 26˛ tijvT _tk-en-tbmkv]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mh˛ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-en-Ø-bmbn tijvT _mhm-tbbpw hµyIWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏ io ]n. C. tXmakv ]me-ºSw SÃn-am-cmbpw in. ‰n. ]n. amXyp sXt°-Ø-e-bv°-ens\ skI´-dn-bmbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.]pXn-b- k` h¿°nwKv IΩ-‰n, amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n- F∂nh cq]o-I-cn-®p.

bmt°m-_mbmt°m-_mbmt°m-_mbmt°m-_mbmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥b kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥b kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥b kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥b kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

apf¥p-cpØn apX¬ tImX-aw-Kew hscat\mPv amXyp Bcm-S≥]m°¬ sNßfw (k- . amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bw-Kw)

]cn-ip-≤-F-∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp\-l-tZmkv

tImX-aw-Kew hen-b-]≈nbn¬

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n k -bnse G‰hpw ]pcm-X-\hpw ]i-kvX-hp-amb tZh-embambtImX-aw-Kew a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈n-bn¬ h®v ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZm-kv. ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tNcpw. ]pcm-X-\-amb Cu tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ G.Un. 345¬ (\memw \q‰m-≠n¬) \S∂ kndn-b≥ IpSn-tb-‰-Øn¬ Iv\mbn tXmam-tbm-sSm∏w ae-¶c kµ¿in® tam¿ butk^v saXm≥ tImX-aw-K-eØp h∂-Xmbn Bkµ¿`w apX¬ At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS kvXoIƒ ]≈n-b-IØv Bcm-[-\-bn¬kw_-‘n-®-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ ÿm]n-X-amb CutZhm-ebw ssltd-©ns‚ Ihm-S-amb tImX-aw-K-e-Øns‚ tPymXn- mbn \ne-sIm-f-fp-∂p. ]. ssZhm-e-b-Øn\v 1500 ¬ ]cw ]g-°-ap-≠v. Bbn-c-tØmfw ho´p-Im¿ Cu CS-h-I-bn¬ D≠v. ]. At¥ymJy ]mXn-b¿°okv Bbn-cp∂ tamtdm≥ tam¿ A_vZp≈ _mhm-bpsS s]cp-∂mƒ aIcw 28˛mw XobXn ][m\ s]cp-∂m-fmbn BN-cn-°p-∂p. ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ _mhm , bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm, kmJm ]Y-a≥ _mhm CutZhm-ebw kµ¿in®v Xma-kn-®v hnizm-kn-Isf A\p-K-ln-®n-´p-≠v. Ct∏m-gsØ ImtXm-en° _mhm 1974¬ saXm-t∏m-eoØ ÿm\w G‰p-h∂v Zo¿L-Imew Cu ]≈n-bn¬Xma-kn®v `Zm-k\ `cWw \S-Øn. 1980¬ hn. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ kqt\mtdm Cu ]≈n-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. alm ]cn-ip-≤-\mb Bep-hm-bnse henb Xncpta-\n-bpsSIcp-Xepw ]cn-em-f-\bpw A\p-`-hn-°p-hm≥ `mKyw e`n® CS-h-I-bmWv CXv.

k`m Ncn-X-Ønse D∂-X-ÿm\w Ae-¶-cn-°p∂

tImX-aw-Kew sNdn-b- ]≈n-bn¬ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n

InkvXym\n At m-kn-tb-j≥ tNcp-∂p.

alm ]cn-ip-≤-\mb b¬tZm am¿ _t -en-tbmkv _mhm-bpsS Xncp-I-_¿ ÿnXn sNøp∂Cu ]pWy-s∏´ ssZhm-ebw kpdn-bm-\n k`-bpsS G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ H∂m-W.v 1455¬ XpS°w Ipdn® Cu ssZhm-ebw C∂pw Cu tImX-aw-Kew ]tZ-i-Øns‚ A\p-K-l-ambn ]cn-e-kn-°p-∂p. ]. b¬vtZm _mhm-bpsS a≤y-ÿ-bn¬ A`bw]m]n-®p-sIm≠v temI-Øns‚ \m\m `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw At\Iw hnizm-kn-Iƒ I∂n20 s]cp-∂m-fn-\v-F-Øn-t®-cp-∂p. ]. ]mXn-b¿°o-k∑m-cpsS kµ¿i\w sIm≠v A\p-K-lo-X-amWv ssZhm-e-bw. ]. kmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mX-n-b¿°okv _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠vChnsS h®v tamtdm≥ IqZmi \S-Øn-bXv k`m Ncn-X-Ønse A]q¿∆ \nan-j-ß-fm-Wv.]≈n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ At\Iw ÿm]-\-ßƒ BXpc tkh-\-cw-KØv Inbm-fl-I-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S∂p hcp-∂p.



The ancientSyrian Ortho-dox churchwhich pos-sesses and pre-serves the ap-ostolic faith,tradition andcustoms haslately becomethe focus of

attention of many. The part of universalSyrian Orthodox church in Kerala knownas the Malankara Jacobite Church has avery long history from the beginning ofChristian era. Malankara church owesallegiance to the Patriarch of Antioch andAll the East, the successor of St. Peter ,the chief of Apostles. The church be-lieves all through the centuries that St.Peter established the Apostolic throne in37 A . D and Church of Antioch iscalled Mother of all churches. The lit-urgy of our church being in Syriac, theearly christians were known as SyrianChristians. The Church in Kerala wasserved by bishops and priests who camefrom Syria, undertaking hazardous seajourneys. The ecclesiastical dignitarieswere deputed by the Patriarch ofAntioch. Thus the Malankara Church isa part of the Universal Syrian Churchand it follows the faith traditions andcustoms of Syrian church and is not anautocephalus church. The forefathers ofthe Indian church proclaimed and prac-ticed this faith in their lives . MorCoorilose Paulose was a great divinemessenger in this regard. Paulose Mor Coorilosewas born in a small village calledKandanad near Mulanthuruthy inErnakulam district . The ancient familyto which he belonged is known as‘Thozhuppadan’ family . His father Mr.Kurian bought a small piece of land inMulanthuruthy and shifted to this placewith his family. Later the family cameto be known as ‘Kochuparambil’. MorCoorilose was born on 4th December1850 to Kurian and Anna . Paulose , thethird child of the family was humble,compassionate, loving and intelligent.These qualities enabled him to be se-lected for the priesthood of the church.At a very young age, Paulose was or-dained as a deacon by H . G YuyakkimMor Coorilose in 1860 . He was 9years old at that time . He learnedsyriac language and other church ordersunder the guidance of very Rev .Geevargheese Malpan , Pallathitta . Hisenthusiasam in divine service and hismelodious voice was well appreciated .In 1866 at the age of 16 he was or-dained as a priest by H .G MathewsMar Athanasious Metropolitan . Fr .Paulose conducted his first Eucharistservice at Kandanad St. Mary’s Churchon 7 th January 1867. Later , the parishio-ners of Mulanthuruthy church requestedhim to be vicar of the church. Fr. Pauloseaccepted their request and started hispriestly service at Mulanthuruthy . Hiscontribution to the spiritual revival of theparishioners of the Mulanthuruthy churchis a matter of record.

The Patriarch Peter IIIblessed him with Ramban position on5th September 1876. According to Syriantradition, a Ramban is a person who isdetached from worldly pleasures and leadsa celibate life. Rambans are expected tolead a life of prayer , meditation and chari-table services. Ramban Paulose was in-spired by the proposal of H.H.IgnatiousPeter III , the Patriarch of Antioch, to es-tablish monasteries in Malankara.Hestarted working earnestly to fulfill the de-sire of the Holy Father. He selected Vettical

MOR COORILOSE PAULOSE METROPOLITANSENTINEL AT PANAMPADY

V. Rev. KURIAN COR EPISCOPA MALIYILas the ideal place for the purpose . InA.D.1877 , the foundation stone for themonastery was laid at Vettical and it wasthe beginning of monastic institutions inMalankara. He traveled to many places tomobilize funds for the construction of thebuilding at Vettical. He constructed a twostoried building and later started a wellequipped school also. During this period,the boundary wall for the monastery wasalso constructed. Paulose Ramban believedthat education is the basis for the progressof human life .With this view in his mind ,he did whatever he could to accomplish thesame. The establishment of theschool and monastery at Vettical wasthe fulfillment of this great aim . Withthe establishment of educational institu-tions and the spread of education ,people became enlightened. The role ofRev . Paulose Ramban in this regard iscommendable . The school at Vadavukodu, Piravam , Urikodu , Puttumanoor ,Vennikulum and Kutta were built as aresult of his great effort. During all thistime he strove for spiritual fulfillmentand his spiritual and simple way oflife attracted everyone who came intocontact with him Mor Dionysius thethen Malankara metropolitan appointedhim as the manager of Old Seminary ,Kottayam in 1895.A.D . Within a yearof assuming charge , the construction ofthe seminary Chapel was completed Dur-ing his tenure he built a dinning hall[oottupura]and a beautiful wall aroundthe seminary . He planted many coconutsaplings in the seminary premises thereby increasing the revenue of the semi-nary.

He also accompanied H GGeevarghese Gregorious on his visit tothe holy land. They left for Jerusalem onFeb.19,1895 and returned to Malankaraon May 17,1895. He continued his ser-vice as the manager of the Old Seminary. H e also played a major rolein the publication of ‘Edavaka Pathrika’the official publication of the JacobiteSyrian Church. One can never forget theefforts Rev. Paulose Ramban took in themodernization of the press and the newmethods adapted for the official publi-cation . With the vision of establishing aplace of worship for the faithful of thecapital city, he made his way toTrivandrum. With the support and coop-eration of the faithful masses he built achurch, which is now the St . GeorgeChurch ,Trivandrum . Rev. Paulose Ramban was anable organizer ,eminent educationalist,scholar, a true follower of Jesus Christ ,sympathizing with the poor and the needy.He left his mark in all fields of service.He will always be revered in the mindsof the people as a good shepherd wholoved and led the faithful in moments ofcrisis . The message that Chris-tianity can offer to the troubled world isthat every person is loved ,accepted andforgiven .Hence there is hope in loving andliving for others. This implies seeking outthe needy and helping them to experi-ence true freedom and human dignity.Paulose Ramban spent much of his life-time spreading this message of JesusChrist throughout Malankara. He was notready to avoid fasting and personalmeditation in the midst of his busyschedule. He taught that spiritual mattersshould be considered more importantthan temporal matters. He also taughtthe people to increase self restraint andzeal for prayer. The Patriarch who cameto India in regal splendor, after accept-ing the hospitality of Queen Victoria

was very much attracted by the simplic-ity, humility and the spiritual fervour ofthe young Paulose Ramban . He was ad-mired by the church and it was decidedto elevate him as the Metropolitan ofthe Malankara Church. The meeting ofthe Malankara parish representatives heldon Feb. 27, 1908 at Kottayam Old Semi-nary unanimously elected KochuparambilPaulose Ramban and VattasserilGeevarghese Ramban as the bishop can-didates for the church . H G Joseph MorDionysius , Pulikottil presided over themeeting . The candidates were sent toAntioch and they reached Jerusalem on26 may 1908. H H The Patriarch MoranMor Ignatius Abdullah consecratedKochuparambil Paulose Ramban andVattasseril Geevarghese Ramban on Sun-day 31st May 1908 at the St.Marks Ca-thedral, Jerusalem . Paulose Ramban wasconsecrated as Paulose Mor Cooriloseand Vattasseril Geevarghese as DionysiusGeevarghese by the Patriarch . MorIvanious Elias, Bishop of Jerusalem [laterElias III Patriarch of Antioch ] , MorOsthathiose Sleeba , bishops from otherchurches also attended the consecrationceremony . H G Sleeba Mor OsthathioseMetropolitan, delegate from Antioch alongwith the newly ordained bishops arrivedin Malankara on 17th July 1908. TheMalankara church extended a royal wel-come to the new bishops. Mor Coorilose Paulose spend muchof his time in evangelistic work andhelping people in need . He encouragedthe people to accept the message of Jesusand spread good news through theirlives . Mor Coorilose believed Jesus asthe greatest example of faith in practice. ‘He endured the cross , he loved all thepeople he spoke the words of life. Wemust reach very close to Jesus in prayerand then only our faith will come aliveand show itself in action .’ Mor Coorilosebelieved that evangelization was a majorresponsibility of every believer of thechurch . Mor Coorilose tried to estab-lish new parishes, monasteries , orphan-ages etc in different parts of Kerala. MorCoorilose had to look after the dio-ceses of Kochi and Kottayam . LaterKandanad also came under his jurisdic-tion. Fr . Michael of Kayamkulam [laterMichael mor Dionysius ] who assistedthe Metropolitan in all his activities re-garded him as his guru . Fr Michaelfollowed him in all his endeavors.

H.G. Joseph Mor Dionysius Met-ropolitan passed away in 1909 and was en-tombed in the Old Seminary church,Kottayam. After this Mor DionysiusGeevarghese Vattasseril requested the Pa-triarch to appoint him as the MalankaraMetropolitan . As per the request His Holi-ness issued orders appointing GeevargheseDionysius as Malankara Metropolitan. Im-mediately after taking charge MorDionysius convened a meeting of the man-aging committee to consider various churchmatters. Difference of opinion arose , butMor Dionysius ignored these and tried toestablish his authority and control over thechurch matters . The democratic system ofthe church administration was neglectedand efforts for concentrating all adminis-trative powers to the Malankara Metropoli-tan was begun. The community was splitinto two factions . During this critical pe-riod H.H. Patriarch Ignatius Abdullah whoconsecrated Mor Dionysius reached Kerala.The Patriarch requested the newly conse-crated bishops , Paulose Mor Coorilose andVattasseril Dionysius to submit “thesalmusa” . The unflinching loyalty to theholy apostolic throne of Antioch is amplydemonstrated in the famous ‘salmusa’ ex-ecuted by Mor Gregorious, the patron saintof Malankara. . Paulose Mor Coorilose ,

following the example of Saint Gregorioussubmitted the ‘salmusa’ dated 29 Chingam1910 before the Patriarch . But MorDionysius was reluctant to do so and re-belled against the Patriarch. If he had takenan attitude similar to that of Mor Gre-garious Parumala and Mor CoorilosePaulose , the undesired happenings inthe Malankara Church could have beenavoided. Vattasseril bishop and his sup-porters started campaigns to prejudicethe public mind against the patriarch bydistributing notice and conducting pub-lic meetings. The adamant attitude ofMor Dionysius and the later develop-ments in the church culminated in hisexcommunication by the Patriarch in1911. The representative meeting atAlwaye held on 30th August 1911 unani-mously elected H.G Paulose MorCoorilose as Malankara Metropolitan . Inhis first ‘kalpana’ Mor Coorilose in-formed the people that he had acceptedthe responsibility with heartfelt sorrowas rivals on the scene, one determinedto do anything for power while the othermeekly assuming duty at the call of thehour . These words fully express thenature and attitude in the saintly life ofMor Coorilose. His Grace wished toconduct the administrative duties of thechurch from the Panampady church. AsKottayam is the central part of Kerala , itwas the right decision. H G Paulose Mor Coorilose was a mas-ter of the syriac language. He was greatlyfascinated by its beauty , melody , itsglorious integrity and spiritual history .To him the prayers forming an integralpart of the holy Qurbana had real rel-evance and significance which held himsteadfast in his loyalty to the throne ofAntioch . He was true to the traditionsand history built up by the holy fathersand had no doubts about the churchhierarchy which gives the pride of placeto the Patriarch He was very eager to pro-claim the gospel message to all parts ofMalankara .Many people who heard him, accepted the message and came for-ward to be baptized . The incident tookplace near Kandabanad church wheremany people were baptized and werejoined to the church , is an example forthis . He treated the Malankara Church asone and discouraged the force who stoodagainst it . His Grace concentrated inestablishing many churches to spreadthe good news of Jesus Christ . Hardwork and long journeys caused the de-terioration of his health . His Gracesuffered many difficulties towards theend of his life .Mor Coorilose Paulosepassed away on 14t h December 1917 atthe age of 67. As he was sinking ,the congregation as-sembled inside the church, offering prayers.He left for his heavenly abode as the com-munity was offering prayers. He was en-tombed on the left side of the church in thepresence of H.G. Paulose Mor AthanatiousMetropolitan . ‘No matter how dark andpainful his experience, he is never deniedthe comfort of the one who drank the cupof sufferings to the bitter degrees.’ Sincethen the memorial day of Saint Cooriloseis celebrated on 15th December at thePanmpady Church .The faithful flock to thetomb seeking blessing through the interces-sions of the Saint. St . Mary’s JacobiteSyrian church Panampady, aboundingwith the grace of mother Mary is one ofthe most famous and historic churches inMalankara . The church, several decades oldcontains the tombs of Mor Coorilose andMor Dionysius who choose the place nearthe tomb of his guru as his final resting place.It was here that H H The Patriarch Elias III


26. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv tam¿ Gen-bmkv Nm∏¬˛ 1994 s^_p-hcn 28˛ tijvT _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mh ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbntijvT _mhm-sbbpw ]pfn-°-∏-d-ºn¬ hµy. ]n. ]n. tPmk^v tImsd-∏n-kvt°m∏mio. ‰n. ]n. amXyp sXt°-Ø-ebv°¬ F∂n-h¿ SÃn-am-cmbpw io. ‰n.bp Ipcp-hnfk`m skI-´-dn-bmbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. ]pXnb k`m kan-Xn-Ifpw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´p. Aflmb SÃn io. ‰n.-]n. amXyp. 94 am¿®v 20 \v \ncy-X-\m-b-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂vio. sI. F. tXma-kv, ]me-°pg SÃn-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p

27. aW¿ImSv sk‚ vta-cokv ]≈n˛ 1994 Pq¨ 21˛ tijvT _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkvZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mh------- -- k`-bpsS 5 h¿j-tØ-°p≈ hnIk\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°vAwKo-Imcw \evIn.

28. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv Fw. F. Fw. sslkv°qƒ˛ 1997 Pq¨ 19˛ ]. F∏n-kvt°m∏¬]kn-U‚ v A`n. tUm. Knh-dp-Kokv tam¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n (s]-cp-º≈nXncp-ta-\n)˛ k`-bnse ]Xn-k-‘n-Isf AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ th≠n˛ At¥ymJym ae-¶c_‘w H∂-IqSn Duń-bp-d-∏n-®p.

29. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv tam¿ Genb Nm∏¬˛ 1999 am¿®v 15˛ A`n. bqlm-t\m≥ tam¿ ôe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n˛ ]. F∏n-kvt°m-∏≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv ]kn-U‚mbn A`n-hµytXmakv am¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\ntbbpw 1994 ¬ Xnc-s™-SpØ `mc-hm-ln-I-fpsS Imem-h[n Ahkm-\n-®-Xn-\m¬ ]pXnb mc-hm-l-I-fmbn A`n-hµy bqlm-t\m≥tam¿ ne-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta-\nsb saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-bmbpw hµy IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬˛Ip-cy≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏ sshZnI SÃn-bmbpw io. tPm¿÷v amXyp-sXt°Øe-bv°¬ Aflmb SÃn-bmbpw io. cmP≥ kJ-dn-b k`m skI- -dn-bmbpwXnc-s™-Sp-Øp. ]pXnb k`m kan-Xn-Ifpw cq]o-I-cn-®p.

30. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°- sk‚¿˛ 2001 Unkw-_¿ 27˛ ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv ]kn-U‚ v A`n. tXmakv tam¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n˛ImtXm-en°m ÿm\-tØ°v A`n-hµy tXmakv am¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cpsS Hgn-hp-Iƒ \nI-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-®p.

31. hS-°≥ ]d-hq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv ]≈n˛ 2001 Unkw-_¿ 12˛ \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m_mh A`n-hµy tXmakv tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n˛ kp]nw-tIm-SXn \nb-an®a≤y-ÿs‚ t\XrXzØn¬ ]m-Xn-b¿°okv ImtXm-en°m hn`m-K-ßƒ XΩn¬ N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-Xn\v tijw amXsa Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ hnfn-°mhq F∂v tbmKw Bh-iy-s∏- p.

32. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚¿˛ 2002 am¿®v 20˛ \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m _mhA`n-hµy tXmakv tam¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-˛-k-`-bpsS Ncn-X-Ønse \n¿Wm-b-I-amb tbmKw hnizm-k-]-Jym-]\w \S-Øn.

33. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m-sk‚¿˛ 2002 Pqsse 6˛ A`n-hµy a¿t°mkv tam¿Ipdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\n˛ \nbp‡ tijvT _mhm-sb- Im-tXm-en°m _mhmbpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-bmbpw hµy IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ tIm¿F∏n-kvt°m-∏msbsshZnI SÃn-bmbpw io. tPm¿÷v amXyp sXt°-Ø-e-bv°¬ Aflmb SÃn-bmbpwio. Xºp tPm¿÷v XpI-e≥ k`m skI-´-dn-bmbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°s∏´p. ]pXn-bk`m kan-Xn-Ifpw \ne-hn¬h-∂p.

34. ]pØ≥ Ipcniv ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚¿˛ 2003 Pqsse 26˛ tijvT _tk-en-tbmkvtXmakv ]Ya≥ _mh˛ tijvT _mhm-bpsS H∂mw ÿm\m-tcm-lW hm¿jn-Ihpw75-˛mw P∑-Zn-\hpw BtLm-jn-®p.

35. apf-¥p-cpØn am¿tØma≥ ]≈n A¶Ww˛ 2004 sk]v‰w-_¿ 27˛ ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkvkmJm ]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh˛ c≠mw apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kv˛ 1976˛2004 hsc-bp≈ k`m Ah-tem-I\w \S-Øn˛ 18 ]Jym-]-\-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn-®p.

36. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m- sk‚¿˛ 2007 Pqsse 6˛ tijvT _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv]Y-a≥ _mhm˛ Imem-h[n ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂v ]pXnb mc-hm-ln-I-sfbpwk`m kan-Xn-I-sfbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-bmbn tijvT-_m-hmbpw sshZn-I-S-Ãn-bmbn hµy IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-∏mbpwAflmb SÃn-bmbn io tPm¿÷v amXyp sXt°-Xebv-°¬ k`m skI-´-dn-bmbnin. Xºp tPm¿÷v XpI-e≥ ho≠pw Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n t]Pns‚ XpS¿®

spent many days during his Apostolic visitto Malankara. During this period, many im-portant meetings of the church were heldhere.

The spiritual words of H.H.Ignatius Yakub III, the former Patriarch,about the Panampady Church in 1967 areas follows, ‘fill the church with glory andmake it a shelter to the refugees, a fountainof healing to the sick.’.It is being fulfilledwith the elevation of Mor Coorilose to theposition of saint prelate. Special prayersare offered at the tomb of Mor Coorilose, every first Sunday of the month. Manypeople attend these prayers , and seekthe intersession and prayers of the holy

BI-am\ kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£≥ tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh 4˛mw-aXv ss«loI kµ¿i-\-Øn-\mbn cmhnse 9 aWn°vs\Sp-ºm-ti-cn-bn¬ FØp-∂p. kwÿm\ AXn-Yn-bmbn FØp∂ ]. _mhmsb tijvTImtXm-en° _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhbpw saXm-t∏m-en-Ø∑m-cpw,kwÿm\ a¥n-am-cpw, cmjvSo-b-˛-kmapZm-bn-I- t\Xm-°∑mcpw tN¿∂v kzoI-cn-°pw.XpS¿∂v kot]m¿´v Fb¿t]m´v tdmUp-hgn ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚-dn¬FØn-t®-cpw. At\Iw hml-\-ßƒ Fb¿t]m-ń¬ \n∂p-ff tLmj-bm-Xbn¬_mhmbv°v AI-ºSn tkhn-°pw. ]. ]nXm-hns‚ BK-a\ hnhcw Adn-bn-®p-sIm≠vshf-fn-bmgvN cmhnse 9.30 \v bmt°m-_mb k -bnse F√m ssZhm-e-b-ß-fnepw aWn-\mZw apg-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]mSn-b¿°¬ hnIm¿ aXymkv tam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kv, Imen-t^m¿Wnb B¿®v _nj∏v HutK≥ tam¿ ¢nΩo-kv, t_dq´v B¿®v _nj∏v Zm\n-tb¬tam¿ ¢nΩokv F∂n-hcpw dºm-∑mcpw kntÃgvkpw _mhsb A\p-K-an-°pw. k`m Ncn-X-Øn¬ BZy-am-bn-´mWv Hcp ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh \mep ]mhiyw `mcXw kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xv. ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚dn-emWv _mhm Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xv. sshIn´v5 aWn°v ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚-dn-ep-ff am¿ AØ-t\-jykv IØo-U-ens‚ aqtdm≥ IqZmi \n¿∆-ln-°pw. XpS¿∂v tijvT ImtXm-en°m _mh-bpsS ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen kvamc-I-ambn ]mXn-b¿°m sk‚-dn¬ \n¿Ωn® ]pXnbtªm°pI-fpsS IqZm-ibpw DZvLm-S\hpw \n¿∆--ln-°pw. 18 \v apS-hq¿ sk‚ v tPm¿÷v]f-fn-bpsS aqtdm≥ IqZm-ibpw \n¿∆-ln-°pw. 19 \v cmhnse 10 aWn°v A√] sk‚ vtP°_vkv ]f-fn-bn¬ hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°pw. D®°v Ign™v 4 aWn°v Fd-Wm-Ipfw assd≥ ssUhn¬ \S-°p∂ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pw.

tijvT ImtXm-en° _mhmbpsS ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ

Pq_nen kam-]\w

tijvT ImtXm-en° B_q≥ tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv tXmakv ]Y-a≥ _mhmbpsS]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen BtLm-j-ß-fpsS kam-]\ ktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\wFd-Wm-Ipfw assd≥ ssUhv ssaXm-\n-bn¬ Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ “tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv\K-dn¬” ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh \n¿∆-ln-°pw. tIcf apJy-a¥n hn Fkv A®p-Xm-\-µ≥ A≤y-£X hln-°pw. tIµ B`y-¥c a¥n inh-cmPv ]mó¬ apJy AXn-Yn-bm-bn-cn-°pw. tIµ a¥n-am-cmb HmkvIm¿ s^¿Æm-≠kv, hb-em¿ chn, kwÿm\ B`y-¥c a¥n tImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW≥, a¥n Fkv i¿Ω, ]Xn-]£ t\Xmhv ioDΩ≥Nm-≠n, sIm®n tab¿ tagvkn hn√yw-kv, tPmk^v am¿tØma saXm-t∏m-en-Ø,_nj∏v tPm¿÷v ]p∂-t°m-ń¬, _nj∏v tXmakv kmap-th¬, ap≥ tIµ a¥n HcmP-tKm-]m¬, F≥ Fkv Fkv P\-d¬ skI-´dn ]n sI \mcm-bW ]Wn-°¿, FkvF≥ Un ]n tbmKw P\-d¬ skI-´dn shf-fm-∏-ffn \tS-i≥, ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥,ctaiv sN∂n-Øe F∂n-h¿ Biw-k-Iƒ A¿∏n®v ]kw-Kn-°pw. 20 \v 5 ]n Fw \vXma-c-®m¬ ]ffn kµ¿in°pw. 21 \v cmhnse 10 \v s]cp-ºm-hqcnep-ff NS-ßn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pw. 5 ]n Fw \v I≠-\mSv kvIqƒ A¶-W-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ hn. ]Jym-]\ NS-ßn¬

]s¶-Sp-°pw.

hnip≤ ]Jym-]\w

21 \v I≠-\mSv hn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_¿ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ tam¿iI-ff _tk-en-tbmkv a]n-bm-\msb I≠-\mSv sk‚ v tacokv sslkvIqƒ A¶-W-Øn¬ h®v hnip-≤-\mbn ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh ]Jym-]n-°pw. ]. iI-ff tam¿_t -en-tbmkv _mh kndn-bm-bnse Bet∏m kztZ-in-bpw, ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv aq∂m-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bm¬ iI-ff tam¿ _t -en-tbmkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬a]n-bm-\-bmbn hmgn-°-s∏´ ]nXm-hm-Wv. 1751 taSw 14 \v Cu tijvT ]nXmhv ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. 1764 ¬ Imew sNbvX _mhm-bpsS ùXnI icocw I≠-\mSv hn.a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]f-fn-bpsS hn. aZv_-lm-bn¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-´p.

22 \v 4 ]n Fw \v sshZoI tbmKw, 4.45 \v k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n.apf-¥p-cpØn am¿tXm-a≥ ]f-fn-bn¬ I_¿ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ bpbm°ow tam¿Iqdntemkv _mhmsb apf¥p-cp-Øn-bn¬ h®v hnip≤ ]Z-hn-bn-te°v Db¿Øpw.bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdn-temkv _mh S¿°nbnse Xpd-_vZo-\n¬ l_m_v ]´-W-Øn¬P\n-®p. ]. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bm¬ tam¿ Iqdn-temkv F∂t]cn¬ saXm-t∏m-en-Ø-bmbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p. 1846 ¬ sIm®n-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂ Cu]nXmhv 1874 sk]v‰w-_¿ 2 ˛mw XobXn Imew sNbvXp apf-¥p-cpØn am¿tØm-a≥ ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-°n.

23 \v cmhnse Iv\m\mb AXn-`-Zm-k\w \¬Ip∂ kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pw. D®bv°v 12 \v a™-\n-°c I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]. Gen-bmkv XrXzo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS I_-dn-¶¬ ]m¿∞\ \S-Øpw. 4 \v ]Ø-\w-Xn´ sk‚ v tacokvIØo-U-en¬ \¬Ip∂ kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pw. 5 \v ]pXnb-Xmbn \n¿Ωn® Imhp-`mKw sk‚ v tPm¿÷v Nm∏-ens‚ aqtdm≥ IqZm-i \n¿∆-ln-°pw. Ipa-cIw sebv°vdntkm-ń¬ Xma-kn-°pw.

24 \v cmhnse 9.30 \v ]mWw-]Sn sk‚ v tacokv ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-en-Øm-bm-bn-cp∂ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkvsaXm-t∏m-en-Ømsb hnip-≤-\mbn ]Jym-]n-°pw. ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ apf-¥p-cp-Øn-bn-ep-ff sXmgq-∏m-S≥ sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. 1908 sabv amkw 30˛mw XobXn ]. A_vtK-Zm-temtlm c≠m-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv

]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhbpsS ss«loI kµ¿i\w

Hcp-°-ßƒ ]q¿Øn-bmbn_mhmbm¬ Iqdn-temkv F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ skln-tbm≥ amfn-I-bn¬ h®v saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bmbn hmgn-®p. Cu ]. ]nXmhv 1917 Unkw-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn Imew sNbvXvhn. a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]f-fn-bn¬ I_-d-S-°n. ]utemkv tam¿ Iqdo-temkv saXm-t∏m-enØk -bpsS Xt±-io-b-\mb aq∂m-asØ hnip-≤-\m-Wv. t\csØ ]cp-ae Koh¿Kokv tam¿KntKm-dn-tbmkv, Bep-hm-bnse ]utemkv tam¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv (h-enb Xncp-ta-\n)F∂o ]nXm°-∑msc k`-bpsS hnip-≤-∑m-cmbn ]Jym-]n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v 11 \v Ipa-cIw B‰m-aw-Kew ]ffn kµ¿in-°pw. 4 \v tIm´bw Xncp-\-°c sk≥S¬ PwK-j-\n¬ tIm´bw ]ucm-h-en-bpsS kzoI-cWw G‰v hmßnbXn\ptijw ]pXp-∏-ffn sk‚ v tPm¿÷v t]Sn-bm¿°¬ ]f-fn-bpsS aqtdm≥ IqZmi \n¿∆-ln-°pw. XpS¿∂v hml\ tLmj-bm-X-bmbn aW¿ImSv \S-°p∂ kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-

]m-Sn-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pw.

bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n At m-kn-tb-j≥

25 \v tImX-aw-K-eØv h®v IqSp∂ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\nAt m-kn-tb-j≥ tbmK-Øn¬ ]. ]nXmhv ]s¶-Sp-°pw. 4 aWn°v tImX-aw-Kew FwF tImfPv, 5 ]n Fw \v tNemSv sk‚ v KntKm-dn-tbmkv sU‚¬ tImfPv, 5.30 \vtNemSv sk‚ v Ão^≥kv _km-\nb ]ffn F∂nh kµ¿in-°pw. 26 \v tImX-aw-Kew

henb ]f-fn-bn¬ hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°pw. XpS¿∂v

]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv

tImX-aw-Kew henb ]f-fn-bn¬ tNcp∂ ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬]. _mh A≤y-£X hln-°pw. D® Ign™v ]pØ≥Ip-cniv ]mXn-b¿° sk‚dn¬\S-Øp∂ k¨tU kvIqƒ Ipń-I-fpsS h¿Æm-`-amb dmen-tb-bpw, bqØv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥- -a¿Ø-a-dnbw h\nXm kamPw F∂n-h-bpsS kwK-a-tØbpw ]. ]mXn-bm¿°okvBio¿h-Zn-°pw. XpS¿∂v \S-°p∂ kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]. _mh kw_-‘n-°pw.

27 \v cmhnse 10 \v agp-h-∂q¿ ]f-fnbpsS aqtdm≥ IqZm-i-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pw.XpS¿∂v shń-°¬ ae-¶c kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Xntbm-f-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cnbpw_mh kµ¿in-°p-w. ate-°p-cniv Zbd kµ¿in®v tam¿ _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkvZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS I_-d-S-Øn-¶¬ ]m¿∞\ \S-Øp-w.

28 \v sX°≥ ]d-hq¿ sk‚ v tPm¨kv ]f-fn-bn¬ hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°pw.]¥≠v Znh-ksØ kµ¿i\w ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v 29 \v cmhnse s\Sp-ºm-t»-cn-

bn¬ \n∂pw ]. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh aSßn t]mIpw.

father. Indeed Panampady church is apilgrimage center, a refuge and source ofblessings for the faithful, thereby fulfill-ing the prophetic words of H.H .thePatriarch. Paulose Mor Coorilose was a di-vine character who ruled the MalankaraChurch for a decade from Malayalamyear 1083 -1093 (1908-1917) The syriacword ‘Paulose’ means small or humble.Believers of the church consider MorCoorilose as the highly elevated fatherwho always intersected for his people .Truthfulness , simplicity , a life of prayerand thirst for wisdom were the mainfeatures of the life of Mor Coorilosethirumeni. .


ST.JOHNS MALANKARA JACOBITE SYRIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

522 MILL ROAD, STATEN ISLAND

NEWYORK, NY-10306 USA

CONGRATULATIONSST.PATRIARCH BAVATHIRUMENI (UNIVERSAL SYRIAC ORTHDOX OF ANTIOCH &ALL EAST).

SRESHTA CATHOLICA BAVA THIRUMENI(ABOON MOR BASELIOS THOMAS I)PRESIDENT OF MALANKARA SABHA,SYNOD SECRETARY MOR JOSEPH GREGORIOS THIRUMENI, AND ALL MALANKARA THIRUMENIS NEENAL VAZHATTE.

ANTIOCH + MALANKARA BANTHAM NEENAL VAZHATTE*

FROM CHEVALIER RAJU KUNDARA, CHICAGO. [email protected]

]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚A\p-K-lo-X-amb AºXph¿j-ßƒ

ssZhm-\p-K-l-Øns‚ \nd-hn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°nbRß-fpsS tijvT ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmbv°v

Ipssh‰v sk‚ v tPm¿÷v bqWn-th-gvk-h¬ kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvCS-hI a°-fpsS lrZ-bw-K-ambkvt\tlm]-Im-c-ßƒ


No^v FUn-‰¿: sjh._n_n G_lmw IShpw`mKw, ]pfn-°¬I-he ]n.-H.,hmgq¿No^v FUn-‰¿: sjh._n_n G_lmw IShpw`mKw, ]pfn-°¬I-he ]n.-H.,hmgq¿No^v FUn-‰¿: sjh._n_n G_lmw IShpw`mKw, ]pfn-°¬I-he ]n.-H.,hmgq¿No^v FUn-‰¿: sjh._n_n G_lmw IShpw`mKw, ]pfn-°¬I-he ]n.-H.,hmgq¿No^v FUn-‰¿: sjh._n_n G_lmw IShpw`mKw, ]pfn-°¬I-he ]n.-H.,hmgq¿

Ph: 0481-2456498, 2458198, 9446921775,Sponsored by: Mor adai Study Center http://moradaistudycenter.cjb.net

[email protected] [email protected]

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October Internet 16-30 · 2014-11-22 · hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I≥ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]kn-≤o-I-cWw Vol. 3 Issue 63 October 16 - 31 2008]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ Pq_nen