Objectives for Goal 2:Objectives for Goal 2:Expansion and Expansion and

ReformReform2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the 2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the

admission of new states to the Union 1801 to 1850admission of new states to the Union 1801 to 18502.02: Describe how the growth of nationalism and 2.02: Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and

languagelanguage2.03: Distinguish between the economic and social 2.03: Distinguish between the economic and social

issues that led to sectionalism and nationalismissues that led to sectionalism and nationalism2.04: Assess political events, issues, and personalities 2.04: Assess political events, issues, and personalities

that contributed to sectionalism and nationalismthat contributed to sectionalism and nationalism2.05: Identify major reform movements and evaluate 2.05: Identify major reform movements and evaluate

their effectivenesstheir effectiveness2.06: Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over 2.06: Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over

slavery and other social movement issues.slavery and other social movement issues.

What is “Nationalism”?What is “Nationalism”?

After the War of 1812, the memories After the War of 1812, the memories of the American Revolution faded, of the American Revolution faded, including memories of what it had including memories of what it had been like to be 13 individual colonies.been like to be 13 individual colonies.

Americans began thinking of Americans began thinking of themselves as one “United” country themselves as one “United” country of states.of states.

Webster’s 1828 DictionaryWebster’s 1828 Dictionary His book contained 70,000 words, of which His book contained 70,000 words, of which

12,000 had never appeared in a published 12,000 had never appeared in a published dictionary before. As a spelling reformer, dictionary before. As a spelling reformer, Webster believed that British spelling rules Webster believed that British spelling rules were unnecessarily complex, so his were unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary introduced American English dictionary introduced American English spellings, replacing "colour" with "color", spellings, replacing "colour" with "color", substituting "wagon" for "waggon", and substituting "wagon" for "waggon", and printing "center" instead of "centre". He printing "center" instead of "centre". He also added new American words.also added new American words.

What was the greatest impact this What was the greatest impact this publication had on America?publication had on America?

Examples of NationalismExamples of Nationalism

Pres. James Monroe: “Era of Good Pres. James Monroe: “Era of Good Feelings” (1818-1824)Feelings” (1818-1824)

Henry Clay’s “American System”Henry Clay’s “American System” Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

“…“…as a principle in which the rights and as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” – Pres. James MonroeEuropean powers.” – Pres. James Monroe

What does this mean?What does this mean?

How did the following issues How did the following issues create “sectionalism” in the create “sectionalism” in the

United States?United States?

Re-chartering of the National BankRe-chartering of the National Bank TariffsTariffs Settlers moving WestSettlers moving West Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution SlaverySlavery

How did the following issues How did the following issues create “sectionalism” in the create “sectionalism” in the

United States?United States? Re-chartering of the National BankRe-chartering of the National Bank

– Created by ________________ in 1790 to Created by ________________ in 1790 to help the nation be responsible with its help the nation be responsible with its financesfinances

– The bank’s charter expired in 1811 and The bank’s charter expired in 1811 and state run banks begin popping up all state run banks begin popping up all over the U.S.over the U.S.

– In 1816, the bank was re-chartered with In 1816, the bank was re-chartered with corrupt and irresponsible management.corrupt and irresponsible management.

– ________ of 1819 resulted in hatred ________ of 1819 resulted in hatred between the _______ and ________ .between the _______ and ________ .

How did the following issues How did the following issues create “sectionalism” in the create “sectionalism” in the

United States?United States? TariffsTariffs

– As tariffs during the War of 1812 As tariffs during the War of 1812 ________, Congress voted to keep them ________, Congress voted to keep them at those levels.at those levels.

– Tariffs benefited most Americans in 2 Tariffs benefited most Americans in 2 ways:ways:1.1. ____________________________________________

2.2. ____________________________________________

This eventually created sectionalism between This eventually created sectionalism between the _____________ and the _________________.the _____________ and the _________________.

How did the following issues How did the following issues create “sectionalism” in the create “sectionalism” in the

United States?United States?

Settlers moving WestSettlers moving West““We will keep out nobody. Arrivals will suffer no We will keep out nobody. Arrivals will suffer no

disadvantages as aliens. But they can expect disadvantages as aliens. But they can expect no advantages either.” – John Quincy Adamsno advantages either.” – John Quincy Adams

– 1820 Congress decreased cost of buying 1820 Congress decreased cost of buying land in the Westland in the West

– The West supported this move, but the The West supported this move, but the North and East disliked this because North and East disliked this because ____________________________________.____________________________________.

How did the following issues How did the following issues create “sectionalism” in the create “sectionalism” in the

United States?United States? Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

– __ out of 10 Americans were farmers __ out of 10 Americans were farmers up until the War of 1812. up until the War of 1812.

– War stopped trade of manufactured War stopped trade of manufactured good from Europe, therefore there was a good from Europe, therefore there was a boom in products “Made in the USA”.boom in products “Made in the USA”.

– Inventions! Inventions!Inventions! Inventions! Interchangeable parts:Interchangeable parts: Erie Canal:Erie Canal: Steam power:Steam power: Sewing machine:Sewing machine: Morse code:Morse code:

Erie CanalErie Canal

How did the following issues How did the following issues create “sectionalism” in the create “sectionalism” in the

United States?United States? SlaverySlavery

– How did these inventions increase How did these inventions increase slavery?slavery? Cotton GinCotton Gin Sugar cultivationSugar cultivation Steel plowSteel plow

– In 1800, an average slave cost $50, by In 1800, an average slave cost $50, by 1850, the cost was more than $ _______.1850, the cost was more than $ _______.

– In 1800, there were 900,000 slaves, by In 1800, there were 900,000 slaves, by 1860, there were nearly ____________.1860, there were nearly ____________.

How did the ________ and the ________ How did the ________ and the ________ each view slavery?each view slavery?

Justifying SlaveryJustifying Slavery

Slaves were encouraged to be devout Slaves were encouraged to be devout Christians, but the Christian message they Christians, but the Christian message they received from planters and ministers was received from planters and ministers was to be docile and submissive. It was God’s to be docile and submissive. It was God’s will that they spent their lives as slaves will that they spent their lives as slaves and sermons capitalized on such themes and sermons capitalized on such themes as “obeying the master.”as “obeying the master.”

What religious movement changed this What religious movement changed this later?later?

__________________________________________________________________________________

Primary Source: Slave Primary Source: Slave CodesCodes

VirginiaVirginia – "If any slave resists his – "If any slave resists his master...correcting such a slave, and shall master...correcting such a slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened." if such accident never happened."

South CarolinaSouth Carolina – “.... Every slave – “.... Every slave hereafter out of his master's plantation, hereafter out of his master's plantation, without a ticket, or leave in writing, from without a ticket, or leave in writing, from his master...shall be whipped...." his master...shall be whipped...."

LouisianaLouisiana - "The slave who, having struck - "The slave who, having struck his master, his mistress, or the husband of his master, his mistress, or the husband of his mistress, or their children, shall have his mistress, or their children, shall have produced a bruise, or the shedding of produced a bruise, or the shedding of blood in the face, shall suffer capital blood in the face, shall suffer capital punishment." punishment."

What was the Missouri What was the Missouri Compromise?Compromise?

1819 Missouri petitioned for 1819 Missouri petitioned for statehood.statehood.

America now had ____ free states America now had ____ free states and ____ slave states.and ____ slave states.

The compromise settled the issue in The compromise settled the issue in 2 ways:2 ways:

1.1. ________________________________________________

2.2. ________________________________________________

Exit Ticket QuestionExit Ticket Question Write North, South or West on your Write North, South or West on your

index card in response to each index card in response to each question below:question below:

1.1. Which region favored the National Which region favored the National Bank of the US?Bank of the US?

2.2. Which region became too dependent Which region became too dependent on only one product for trade?on only one product for trade?

3.3. Which region opposed tariffs?Which region opposed tariffs?4.4. Which region was happy that Congress Which region was happy that Congress

lowered the price of land per acre?lowered the price of land per acre?5.5. Which region primarily based its Which region primarily based its

economy and factories and economy and factories and manufacturing?manufacturing?

1. Define “nationalism”2. In addition to a good economy, what is one other factor

that usually helps countries feel united and nationalistic?3. In addition to re-chartering the National Bank, what did

Henry Clay want to fund with federal money for his “American System”?

4. The Monroe Doctrine warned “who” to stay out of the Americas.

5. The Panic of 1819 created sectionalism between which two regions of the country?

6. What was one way Tariffs benefited some Americans?7. What state benefited most from the building of the Erie

Canal?8. What invention by Eli Whitney helped to make slavery a

prosperous industry?9. Slavery created sectionalism between which two regions?10. Name the 2 components of the Missouri Compromise

that tried to settle the issue of slavery in the United States.

Bell Ringer

1. Write your name on the index card2. Number from 1 – 10 (leave some

space for short answer questions)3. On the back of the card, write the

following:– “Education will give me the power to….”

4. Take out your notes from yesterday and WAIT for further instructions!

Objectives for Goal 2:Objectives for Goal 2:Expansion and Expansion and

ReformReform2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the 2.01: Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the

admission of new states to the Union 1801 to 1850admission of new states to the Union 1801 to 18502.02: Describe how the growth of nationalism and 2.02: Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and

languagelanguage2.03: Distinguish between the economic and social 2.03: Distinguish between the economic and social

issues that led to sectionalism and nationalismissues that led to sectionalism and nationalism2.04: Assess political events, issues, and personalities 2.04: Assess political events, issues, and personalities

that contributed to sectionalism and nationalismthat contributed to sectionalism and nationalism2.05: Identify major reform movements and evaluate 2.05: Identify major reform movements and evaluate

their effectivenesstheir effectiveness2.06: Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over 2.06: Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over

slavery and other social movement issues.slavery and other social movement issues.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

What was the moral justification What was the moral justification behind Manifest Destiny? behind Manifest Destiny?

How did Americans’ attitude about How did Americans’ attitude about Manifest Destiny affect Native Manifest Destiny affect Native Americans?Americans?

____________ River School Art____________ River School ArtWhat would be some results of Americans viewing this new type of art? (also see page 113)

Art and Literature During Art and Literature During Expansion PeriodExpansion Period

TranscendentalismTranscendentalism::

– A new way to look at humanity and A new way to look at humanity and nature and God.nature and God.

– They believed people could go beyond, They believed people could go beyond, or ____________, their senses to learn or ____________, their senses to learn about the world.about the world.

– Believing should listen to their Believing should listen to their __________ instead of religious teachings __________ instead of religious teachings to learn about the world.to learn about the world.

Art and Literature During Art and Literature During Expansion PeriodExpansion Period

Transcendentalism:Transcendentalism:– ____________________ was the leading ____________________ was the leading

Transcendentalist of his time.Transcendentalist of his time.

– Henry David Thoreau wrote his famous Henry David Thoreau wrote his famous

work “___________________” after being work “___________________” after being jailed for not paying taxes to support jailed for not paying taxes to support war, which later affected Civil Rights war, which later affected Civil Rights leaders in the 1960’s.leaders in the 1960’s. ““people must be true to his or her own people must be true to his or her own

conscience, even if it means breaking the conscience, even if it means breaking the law.”law.”

Winning TexasWinning Texas

Mexico wins its independence from Mexico wins its independence from ______ in 1821.______ in 1821.

Who was Stephen F. Austin?Who was Stephen F. Austin?

Who were Texians?Who were Texians?

Winning TexasWinning Texas

Who was Santa Anna and what did Who was Santa Anna and what did he do in 1835?he do in 1835?

What happened at the Alamo?What happened at the Alamo?

Winning TexasWinning Texas

What happened at the Battle of San What happened at the Battle of San Jacinto?Jacinto?

Why did it take so long for Texas to Why did it take so long for Texas to join the United States?join the United States?

Cornell Notes: Jackson’s Bank War

1819: What happened in McCullough vs. Maryland?

1832: What starts Jackson’s “Bank War”? What was “The Monster”?

1833: What were “pet banks”?

1837: What happens to the Second National Bank and the “pet banks”?

James Polk 1844 CampaignJames Polk 1844 Campaign Secured the Oregon Territory (54’ 40’ or Fight!)Secured the Oregon Territory (54’ 40’ or Fight!)

Purchased half a million square miles of land in Purchased half a million square miles of land in Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (end of Mexican-Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (end of Mexican-American War)American War)

Founded the Smithsonian Institute (“increase Founded the Smithsonian Institute (“increase and diffusion of knowledge” about American)and diffusion of knowledge” about American)

Based on Polk’s actions as President, what could Based on Polk’s actions as President, what could a summary of this Presidency be?a summary of this Presidency be?

Manifest Destiny!Manifest Destiny!

1819: From who did we get Florida Territory?1819: From who did we get Florida Territory? 1820-1840: What state were Indians removed to 1820-1840: What state were Indians removed to

in forced marches?in forced marches? 1846-1848: Why did the Mexican War start?1846-1848: Why did the Mexican War start? 1848: What two major states were given the 1848: What two major states were given the

United States after the Mexican War in what is United States after the Mexican War in what is known as Mexican Cession?known as Mexican Cession?

1853: What was the result of the Gadsden 1853: What was the result of the Gadsden Purchase?Purchase?

1845: What was the last 1845: What was the last slaveslave state to be state to be admitted to the Union?admitted to the Union?