o l . 9, Is s u E 3, Ju l y - sE p T 2018 ISSN : 2230-7109 ... · heartbeat using ECG instrumentation system and displaying the accurate ECG waveform in the computer / laptop screen

IJECT Vol. 9, IssuE 3, July - sEpT 2018 ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

w w w . i j e c t . o r g 14 INterNatIONal JOurNal Of electrONIcS & cOmmuNIcatION techNOlOgy

Design and Development of ECG based Personal Healthcare Monitoring System Using LabVIEW

1Maninder Pal Singh, 2Poonam Kumari, 3H.P.S. Kang1,2,3UCIM Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, India

AbstractThe development of modern healthcare system needs to provide better healthcare services to people at anytime and from any place in a low cost and patient friendly ways. In conventional healthcare systems, there is a need of doctor to visit the patient to monitor his health conditions and check the status of various functions of his body. But, now with technology and advancement, a better solution to this problem is available by making personal healthcare monitoring systems. ECG is one of the most vital form of monitoring the heart rate and cardiac activity of the patients and can be used to monitor the health of the patients. This paper provides a design of a low cost personal healthcare monitoring system for ECG of the patients that could be easily done by the patient of family members itself at their home without the requirement of the doctor. The low cost is due to using Arduino as interface card instead of High cost NI DAQ cards.This system is developed to show the results of real time monitoring of heart activity of patients using an ECG instrumentation system on the computer in the LabVIEW software.

KeywordsHealthcare; ECG monitoring; instrumentation; electrodes.

I. IntroductionHealth is one of the global challenges for humanity [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) constitutions the highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right for an individual [2]. Healthy individuals lead to secure their lifetime income and hence to increase in gross domestic product and in tax revenues. Healthy individuals also reduce pressure on the already overwhelmed hospitals, clinics, and medical professionals and reduce workload on the public safety networks, charities, and governmental (or non-governmental) organizations. To keep individuals healthy an effective and readily accessible modern healthcare system is a prerequisite. Healthcare problems are being more important for societies whose population is getting older. In 2025, 761 million of people in the world will be over 65 years (this estimation is twice of the 1990’s rate) [3]. Coronary heart diseases are at the top of the world death cause list and every year 7.2 million people die because of these diseases [4]. Healthcare providers are planning to develop intelligent and low-cost ubiquitous systems to make more comfortable life for people who suffer from chronic diseases like Alzheimer and heart diseases. A modernized healthcare system should provide better healthcare services to people at any time and from anywhere in an economic and patient friendly manner [5-6]. Currently, the healthcare system is undergoing a cultural shift from a traditional approach to a modernized patient centered approach. In the traditional approach the healthcare professionals play the major role [7]. They need to visit the patients for necessary diagnosis and advising. There are two basic problems associated with this approach. Firstly, the healthcare professionals must be on site of the patient all the time and secondly, the patient remains admitted in a hospital, wired to bedside biomedical instruments, for a period of time[8-10]. In

order to solve these two problems the patient oriented approach has been conceived. In this approach the patients are equipped with knowledge and information to play a more active role in disease diagnosis, and prevention. The key element of this second approach is a reliable and readily available patient monitoring system (PMS) [11-12]. The need for a real time recording and notification of vital signs of a patient is of prime importance for an effective PMS. By encapsulating the advantages of modern bioinstrumentation, computers, and telecommunication technologies a modern PMS should acquire, record, display, and transmit the physiological data from the patient body to a remote location at any time [13]. For more efficient, timely, and emergency medical care the PMS are also incorporated in some systems. Recently, mobile networks are considered critical for solving future global health challenges [14-16]. With the global market penetration of the mobile phones the mobile healthcare system (i.e., m- Health) is a matured idea now. By using the mobile phone healthcare system can be made available for people, who are living in remote areas without much access to other types of communications. Even a simple mobile phone can become a powerful healthcare tool now. Text messages and phone calls can quickly deliver real-time and critical information of a patient to a remote location [18]. Thus the patients, living in remote areas, can reduce unnecessary back-and-forth travel to the far located healthcare centers. However, mobile devices have become “smart” now to do more rather than simply transmit medical information and advice [19-20]. Apprehension of the design and tuning procedure in real time is presented [10]. The tuning of the controller will be finished in real time from data collected in real time on the system

II. Objective of the DesignIn the last decade the healthcare monitoring systems have drawn considerable attentions of the researchers. The prime goal was to develop a reliable patient monitoring system so that the healthcare professionals can monitor their patients, who are either hospitalized or executing their normal daily life activities. The proposed system is designed to measure and monitor the ECG waveform of a patient in real time and display the same on the monitor or PC. The objective of proposed work is to design and implement a personal healthcare monitoring system for patient heartbeat using ECG instrumentation system and displaying the accurate ECG waveform in the computer / laptop screen using the designed Virtual Instrument in LabVIEW. Also, designing an accurate data acquisition system using Arduino microcontroller to convert the signals into digital form and send the same to the PC and software LabVIEW

III. Algorithm FollowedThe algorithm followed to design the project is depicted by figure 1.

IJECT Vol. 9, IssuE 3, July - sEpT 2018

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ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

Fig. 1: Algorithm Followed to Design the ECG based Personal Healthcare Monitoring System

It is clear from the flowchart presented above in figure 1.1 that the initiation of the desired healthcare monitoring system is performed by first measuring the ECG signal in the preprocessing stage that is done by means of ECG electrodes. Further signal processing using different amplifiers and filters is performed. These stages are followed the data acquisition stage to send the retrieved ECG signal to the computer and finally displaying the signal waveform on the virtual instrument designed in LabVIEW.

IV. ECG InstrumentationIn order to record the ECG, we need a transducer capable of converting the ionic potentials generated within the body into electronic potentials which can be measured by conventional electronic instrumentation. A block diagram showing the basic instrumentation required for ECG measurement is depicted in fig. 2.

Fig. 2: Basic Components of an ECG Instrumentation System

A. ECG ElectrodesElectrodes may be classified either as polarizable, in which case they behave as capacitors, or non−polarizable, in which case they behave as resistors. Common electrodes have characteristics that lie between these extremes; the silver−silver chloride electrode discussed below approximates more closely to a non−polarizable electrode.

Fig. 3: ECG Electrodes

B. Instrumentation AmplifierAn instrumentation amplifier is a type of differential amplifier that has been outfitted with input buffer amplifiers, which eliminate the need for input impedance matching and thus make the amplifier particularly suitable for use in measurement and test equipment. Additional characteristics include very low DC offset, low drift, low noise, very high open-loop gain, very high common-mode rejection ratio, and very high input impedances. Instrumentation amplifiers are used where great accuracy and stability of the circuit both short and long-term are required. A typical instrumentation amplifier using operational amplifier is depicted in fig. 4.

Fig. 4: Instrumentation Amplifier

C. Bandpass FilterA bandpass filter is an electronic device or circuit that allows signals between two specific frequencies to pass, but that discriminates against signals at other frequencies. Some bandpass filters require an external source of power and employ active components such as transistors and integrated circuits; these are known as active bandpass filters. Other bandpass filters use no external source of power and consist only of passive components such as capacitors and inductors; these are called passive bandpass filters. Bandpass is an adjective that describes a type of filter or filtering process; it is to be distinguished from passband, which refers to the actual portion of affected spectrum.



Fig. 5: Bandpass Filter

A typical bandpass filter using an operational amplifier is depicted in fig. 5. The bandwidth of the filter is simply the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies. The shape factor is the ratio of bandwidths measured using two different attenuation values to determine the cutoff frequency.

D. Data Acquisition SystemIn ECG monitoring systems, a data acquisition (DAQ) system is required to receive the filtered and amplified ECG signal, convert it into the desired form to be sent to the monitoring device, i.e. analog to digital signal conversion and further processing. Finally, the output of the DAQ system is provided to the computer or another display device for monitoring. Data acquisition (DAQ) is the progression of measuring an electrical or physical phenomenon such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, or sound with a computer. The block diagram of a typical data acquisition device is represented in fig. 6.

Fig. 6: Block Diagram of a Data Acquisition System

E. Monitoring SystemLast device in an ECG instrumentation system is the computer or a display device. This device is used to get the data from the DAQ circuit and display it in the easily readable form such as graphs and waveforms. In this system, a PC or laptop acts as

the Monitoring device. Special softwares are used for viewing the Acquired and processed ECG signal in real time are used. Also, LabVIEW software is used for monitoring the peak of the ECG waveforms and obtaining the real time data of the Health monitoring system. Virtual Instruments designed in the LabVIEW software are used to see the graphs on the front panel.

Fig. 7: A Portable ECG Monitoring Device

V. Design and ImplementationThe designed ECG healthcare monitoring system basically includes the preamplifier stages including the AD623 amplifier, followed by the intermediate and final processing stages of filters and amplifiers. The instrumentation amplifier circuit is depicted in the fig. 8.

Fig. 8: Circuit of the Instrumentation Amplifier

The next circuit related to the bandpass filter is depicted in fig. 9.




Fig. 9: Circuit of Bandpass Filter

Finally, the output peak is detected using a peak detector circuit and an LED is blinked corresponding to every peak of the ECG waveform of the person in real time. The designed circuit for the ECG signal processing is depicted in fig. 10.

Fig. 10: ECG Signal Processing Circuit Designed on PCB

Further, the generated analog signal is provided to the DAQ circuit consisting of an Atmega 328 microcontroller that further sends the corresponding value to the computer for monitoring purpose. Finally, the ECG signal generated using the previous stages is fed to the microcontroller for transmitting the data serially to the computer as depicted in fig. 11.

Fig. 11: Data Acquisition of the ECG Signal Using Micro-controller

The complete project with the data acquisition hardware was developed on a design PCB to make the circuit portable and easy to implement. The final designed model is depicted in fig. 12 and

fig. 13. The results generated for instrumentation amplifier stage is depicted in fig. 13.

Fig. 12: The Designed Hardware in form of Arduino Shield for ECG based Personal Healthcare Monitoring System

Fig. 13: The Designed Hardware for ECG based Personal Healthcare Monitoring System

VI. Result and DiscussionThe results were obtained for two stages: software implementation results and hardware implementation results. First, the circuit was designed stepwise in Proteus software and the results were generated at each stage in form of a particular waveform. This contributed to the results of the software implementation. Secondly, the hardware implementation results were obtained on the LabVIEW software in the PC. A front panel and block diagram was designed in the LabVIEW software to display the results of the acquired signal and convert the same into the form of a waveform. This waveform was similar to the ECG signal waveform acquired from a conventional ECG machine. The result were obtained by implementing the design in the Proteus Design Suite. For circuit simulation Proteus 8 professional- schematic capture software is used.

Fig. 14: Output of Instrumentation Amplifier Stage in Oscilloscope in Proteus



Fig. 15: Frequency Response of Bandpass Filter in Proteus

The output generated by the Bandpass filtering stage is depicted in fig. 15.

Fig. 16: Output of BPF Stage

Finally, the VI designed in LabVIEW to monitor the data in real time for the patient is depicted in fig. 16.

Fig. 1: Block Diagram of the VI Designed in LabVIEW for Personal Healthcare Monitoring for ECG Finally, the results obtained by the real time monitoring of the patients from the designed healthcare monitoring system is depicted in fig. 17.

Fig. 18: ECG Waveform Acquired by the Designed Personal Healthcare Monitoring System

VII. ConclusionThis research work was carried out to design and implement the ECG based health care monitoring system in real time. The designed hardware was tested and successful results were obtained in the designed LabVIEW virtual instrument. First of all, the hardware was designed using desired components and devices. Also, the PCB designing work for the final ECG monitor design was made. Also, before PCB designing, the circuit design and testing was carried on the general purpose PCB. Finally, the hardware was designed on the PCB and tests were performed to obtain the results. The validation of the circuit was done by simulating the design of the ECG measurement for healthcare monitoring system on the Proteus software. Also, the complete ECG based health monitoring system was working accurately and able to generate the accurate ECG waveform without any noise in the PC for real time monitoring applications. This system provides a low cost portable ECG healthcare monitoring system for personal and professional use.

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o l . 9, Is s u E 3, Ju l y - sE p T 2018 ISSN : 2230-7109 ... · heartbeat using ECG instrumentation system and displaying the accurate ECG waveform in the computer / laptop screen