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NUTRITION FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
PANCREAS
Location : inside notch of duodenum; retroperitoneal. Has body, and tail. Tail crosses midline and comes in contact with middle third of left kidney.
Development: outgrowth of embryonic foregut. Dorsal and ventral embryonic buds eventually fuse.
Innervation: foregut: sympathetic – greater splanchnic nerve; parasympathetic – Vagus nerve (X).
Arterial Supply: pancreaticododenal (branch of celiac) artery
Venous Drainage: pancreaticoduodenal vein is tributary of splenic vein
PANCREAS Function: pancreas is not only and
exocrine gland for digestion.
GLUCAGON – from alpha cells of pancreatic islets, raises blood glucose level.
INSULIN – from beta cells of pancreatic islets, lowers blood glucose level.
PANCREAS Function: pancreas is not only and
exocrine gland for digestion.
GLUCAGON – from alpha cells of pancreatic islets, raises blood glucose level.
INSULIN – from beta cells of pancreatic islets, lowers blood glucose level.
Types of Diabetes
• Type I • Type 2 • Gestational • Other types include:
– Genetic defect beta cell or insulin– Disease of exocrine pancreas– Drug or chemical induced– Infections– Others
Dietary recommendations for diabetes
Eat starchy foods regularly Eat more fruit and vegetables Reduce animal or saturated fat Cut down on sugar Reduce salt
Reasons for diet
Weight control Blood glucose control Prevention and management of
short-term and long-term complications of diabetes
Balancing food choices
Eat starchy foods regularly Bread Potatoes Rice Pasta Cereals Plantain Chapatis
Eat more fruit and vegetables
Fresh Frozen Tinned Dried Juice
Choose more high fibre foods
To help maintain blood glucose levels and cholesterol levels
Fruit Vegetables Pulses Oats
Helps to maintain a healthy gut
Wholegrain cereals Wholemeal bread Wholewheat pasta Brown rice
Reduce animal or saturated fat intake
Use low fat milk Use low fat
spread instead of butter
Use oil high in unsaturated fat, eg olive oil, rapeseed oil
Use less fat in cooking
Grill Dry-roast Microwave Steam
Choose the right sort of fat
SATURATED
• Full fat dairy produce (eg cheese, butter, full cream milk)
• Pies
• Biscuits
• Savoury snacks
• Lard
• Hard vegetable fat
MONO- UNSATURATED
• Olive oil
• Rapeseed oil
• Groundnut oil
POLY- UNSATURATED
• Sunflower oil (products)
• Oily fish
Cut down on sugary foods
Not a sugar free diet
Cut out sweets Cut out sugary
drinks
Choose low sugar products
Use diet or low calorie, sugar free drinks
Intense sweeteners
Tablet Liquid Granulated
Avoid diabetic products
Cost Laxative effects Focus on ‘sugar free’ Still raise blood glucose levels Still contain same calories
Reduce salt intake
Cut down on added salt
Use alternative seasonings
Look out for reduced/low sodium foods, eg bread
Avoid salt substitutes
Eat regular meals based on carbohydrate:
Breakfast
Lunch or snack meal
Main meal
Weight management and diabetes
Be more active
Slimming tips
Be realistic about your target weight
Aim to lose weight gradually Eat regular meals Make small changes you can stick
to
Drink alcohol in moderation
That’s
2 units a day for women
3 units a day for men
How many units in your drink?
units 1 pint premium strength lager or cider 3 1 pint average strength lager 2.8 1 pint average strength cider 2.6 1 pint bitter 2.3 1 pint stout 2.3 Medium glass (175mls)white or red wine 2.3 Large glass (250mls) white or red wine 3.3 Pub measure (25mls) spirit 1