NunavutNunavut

This rock statue is called an This rock statue is called an inuksukinuksuk. (in-uk-suk). (in-uk-suk)

Inuit use them as directional markers and Inuit use them as directional markers and landmarks. landmarks.

““InukInuk” means ” means personperson and “ and “suksuk” means ” means substitutesubstitute..

It is meant to It is meant to symbolize a person pointing symbolize a person pointing travelers in the right directiontravelers in the right direction. .

In In 1999 1999 Nunavut becomes Canada’s official Nunavut becomes Canada’s official 33rdrd territoryterritory. .

Nunavut: LandNunavut: Land

Nunavut means Nunavut means “our “our land”land” in Inuktitut. in Inuktitut.

It makes up It makes up 21.3%21.3% of of Canada’s total area Canada’s total area ((largest part of Canadalargest part of Canada))

It is an It is an Arctic Arctic ArchipelagoArchipelago (cluster of (cluster of islands).islands).

Mountainous and rockyMountainous and rocky

The Canadian Archipelago

(Arctic Archipelago) is

the largest in the world. It accounts

for most of Nunavut’s size

Some areas are covered by Some areas are covered by ice sheetsice sheets 2 2 km thick.km thick.

Lots of Lots of valleys, frozen lakes, and valleys, frozen lakes, and costal fjordscostal fjords, caused by , caused by glaciers.glaciers.

Fjord: A narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or Fjord: A narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes.steep slopes.

Nunavut has very rocky, Nunavut has very rocky, mountainous terrainmountainous terrain

The Regions of NunavutThe Regions of Nunavut

Nunavut has three major regions:Nunavut has three major regions:

1.Baffin Region1.Baffin Region

Cities and towns include:Cities and towns include:

a) Iqaluita) Iqaluit

b) Pond Inletb) Pond Inlet

c) Clyde Riverc) Clyde River

d) Eurekad) Eureka

e) Alerte) Alert

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi0TACqvc88

Eureka

Alert

Note: Eureka is located on Ellesmere Island and is primarily used as a military base and satellite/ radio monitoring

Note: Alert is the most northern settlement in the world. It has only 5 permanent residents. Alert is also used for military and research.

2. Keewatin 2. Keewatin Region:Region:

Cities and Towns Cities and Towns Include:Include:

a)a)Chesterfield InletChesterfield Inlet

b)b)Repulse BayRepulse Bay

c)c)Rankin InletRankin Inlet

3. Kitikmeot Region:3. Kitikmeot Region:

Include:Include:

a) Cambridge Baya) Cambridge Bay

b) Bathurst Inletb) Bathurst Inlet

Purple SaxifragePurple Saxifrage is is Nunavut’s Nunavut’s official official flowerflower . .

It is It is one of the few one of the few plants that will grow in plants that will grow in the Canadian norththe Canadian north..

SSource of foodource of food (Inuit) (Inuit)

Sweet tasting flower Sweet tasting flower – – (Eat it raw or boil it in (Eat it raw or boil it in water - creates a sweet water - creates a sweet liquid). liquid).

Nunavut: ClimateNunavut: Climate

Climate is hClimate is harsh.arsh.

WintersWinters are are long and coldlong and cold (-40°C) with (-40°C) with strong strong windswinds

SummersSummers are are short and coolshort and cool (+/-10°C). Frost in (+/-10°C). Frost in the summer is not uncommon.the summer is not uncommon.

No precipitation No precipitation ((Polar desert)Polar desert)..

VegetationVegetation Very few plants are able to surviveVery few plants are able to survive (harsh climate). (harsh climate).

Tundra vegetation consists:Tundra vegetation consists: Small bushesSmall bushes Patches of grassPatches of grass MossesMosses LichensLichens Some flowersSome flowers NO treesNO trees

PopulationPopulation Total area Total area ofof 1.9 million km 1.9 million km22..

Approx. Approx. 30 000 30 000 inhabitantsinhabitants

Iqaluit (capital city) Iqaluit (capital city) has a little over has a little over 6,2006,200 inhabitantsinhabitants. .

Over Over 85%85% of Nunavut’s population is of Nunavut’s population is InuitInuit..

Quebec has an area of 1.3 million km2 and has almost 8 million people.

GovernmentGovernment

Premier is the Honourable Premier is the Honourable PETER TAPTUNAPETER TAPTUNA (since (since 2013).2013).

NNarwhal arwhal is a is a sea animal with a long tusk on sea animal with a long tusk on it’s face.it’s face.

+/- +/- 4m-6m 4m-6m in lengthin length Weighs up to 1.6 tonsWeighs up to 1.6 tons LiveLive +/- +/- 50 years50 years Source of food (Inuit)Source of food (Inuit) TTusks - used to make tools & weaponsusks - used to make tools & weapons. .

Language and EducationLanguage and Education

TODAYTODAY Inuit kids go to public school. Inuit kids go to public school.

They speak English or French & They speak English or French & Inuktitut (Inuit Inuktitut (Inuit language)language)..

Also Also trying to protect their culture (like Qc)trying to protect their culture (like Qc)..

PASTPAST Knowledge was passed down orally from elders to Knowledge was passed down orally from elders to

grandchildren; kids did not attend schoolsgrandchildren; kids did not attend schools

Inuit ClothingInuit Clothing Traditional clothing Traditional clothing comes from comes from

animal skins, intestines or fursanimal skins, intestines or furs..

These parts These parts retained heat and were retained heat and were waterproofwaterproof

Getting wet/not wearing proper Getting wet/not wearing proper clothing in the arctic is very clothing in the arctic is very dangerous...can lead to death.dangerous...can lead to death.

Shelter and TransportationShelter and Transportation

TraditionallyTraditionally, , they lived in they lived in skin skin tents or tents or mud houses mud houses (summer) (summer) and in and in igloosigloos

(winter).(winter).

TodayToday they they live in wooden, live in wooden, permanent housespermanent houses. .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uB4JGUzve6M

Different modes of transportation are either Different modes of transportation are either traditional or modern. traditional or modern.

ModernModern: snowmobiles, ATV’s and trucks: snowmobiles, ATV’s and trucks

Traditional: Traditional: dog-sled, kayakdog-sled, kayak, and , and umiaqumiaq (row (row boat)boat)

Sources of FoodSources of Food Inuit diet is made up of meat and Inuit diet is made up of meat and

fishfish & & edible plantsedible plants. .

Most Most InuitInuit willwill hunt or fishhunt or fish..

Food sources: Food sources: narwhal, polar bear, seal, narwhal, polar bear, seal, caribou, musk ox, and whale. caribou, musk ox, and whale.

This diet This diet gives them lots of energygives them lots of energy (very important in the North). (very important in the North).

WEAPONSWEAPONS

PASTPAST HarpoonHarpoon – Used it to hunt large animals. – Used it to hunt large animals. 3 main parts3 main parts: The shaft, head, and rope.: The shaft, head, and rope. Harpoon head Harpoon head stabs animal & rope is used to stabs animal & rope is used to

pull body towards you.pull body towards you.

TODAYTODAY High-powered riflesHigh-powered rifles HarpoonsHarpoons

Inuit DietInuit Diet

Diet consists mostly Diet consists mostly of meat - providesof meat - provides them with the them with the energyenergy needed to needed to survivesurvive in in the Arctic. the Arctic.

Edible plantsEdible plants - purple - purple saxifragesaxifrage

Hunting in NunavutHunting in Nunavut

Hunting Hunting is the is the main source main source of acquiring of acquiring food food in Nunavutin Nunavut..

Today the Inuit Today the Inuit can buy foodcan buy food in in general stores, but most still hunt.general stores, but most still hunt.

Main hunting ground Main hunting ground for the Inuit for the Inuit was on was on pack ice and ice floespack ice and ice floes..

Inuit Inuit hunted hunted larger animals (ex: larger animals (ex: whales and seals) on whales and seals) on sea icesea ice. .

Inuit hunting weaponsInuit hunting weapons::

a)a) HHarpoon and speararpoon and spear (larger animals) (larger animals)

b)b) Bow and arrows, clubs, and knivesBow and arrows, clubs, and knives (smaller (smaller animals)animals)

c)c) BolasBolas were were used to hunt birdsused to hunt birds. .

A Bola is a small net with bone beads attached A Bola is a small net with bone beads attached to it.to it.

It is a It is a traditional food sourcetraditional food source for the Inuit. for the Inuit.

Inuit Inuit eat its meat eat its meat and use its and use its skin to make clothingskin to make clothing..

Claws and bones are Claws and bones are used to make tools & used to make tools & weaponsweapons..

Polar Bear huntingPolar Bear hunting

In the past: In the past: Used harpoons & bow and arrows to kill polar Used harpoons & bow and arrows to kill polar

bears.bears.Today:Today: Use high powered rifles.Use high powered rifles.

Today, tourists also hunt Polar bears.Today, tourists also hunt Polar bears.

American American adventure travelersadventure travelers will pay up to $30,000 for the chance to kill a polar bear30,000 for the chance to kill a polar bear..

Hunters will Hunters will keep the skin or headkeep the skin or head as a trophy(rest of as a trophy(rest of body thrown out).body thrown out).

Gov’t of Canada Gov’t of Canada set yearly set yearly quotasquotas (how many polar (how many polar bears allowed to be hunted).bears allowed to be hunted).

Debate: Polar Bear HuntingDebate: Polar Bear Hunting

Almost Almost 80%80% of all of all Polar Bears killed are in Polar Bears killed are in NunavutNunavut..

Each year, the Government of Nunavut sets the Each year, the Government of Nunavut sets the quotaquota for the number Polar Bears allowed to be for the number Polar Bears allowed to be hunted (+/-500)hunted (+/-500)

Experts believe Polar Bears will go on the Experts believe Polar Bears will go on the endangered species list for these 2 reasons:endangered species list for these 2 reasons:

a)a) High hunting quotaHigh hunting quota

b)b) Dying from a lack of food due to global warmingDying from a lack of food due to global warming

Seal huntingSeal hunting Seal areSeal are killed for killed for their their skin, blubber, & skin, blubber, &

meatmeat..

The The Inuit use seals forInuit use seals for food food and and useuse their their skin and bones to make skin and bones to make clothing and clothing and toolstools..

The Inuit still The Inuit still useuse clubs, harpoons, and clubs, harpoons, and hakapiks to kill themhakapiks to kill them..

Seals are Seals are hunted for 3 reasons:hunted for 3 reasons:a)a) FoodFoodb)b) Balancing out its populationBalancing out its populationc)c) Make products we buy in storesMake products we buy in stores..

Clothing companiesClothing companies sell seal skin products (Ex: sell seal skin products (Ex: Versace, Gucci, Tommy Hilfiger).Versace, Gucci, Tommy Hilfiger).

Controversy: Seal HuntingControversy: Seal Hunting SealingSealing is mostly done in the Canadian north. is mostly done in the Canadian north.

Canadian Gov’t Canadian Gov’t is criticized for allowing is criticized for allowing sealingsealing to to continue.continue.

It sets yearly qIt sets yearly quotas (a fixed number )uotas (a fixed number ) at at approximately 300 000 seals.approximately 300 000 seals.

Canada is also Canada is also criticized by animal criticized by animal rights groupsrights groups for for allowing sealers to allowing sealers to use use hakapikshakapiks to kill to kill seals.seals.

It is considered a It is considered a brutal methodbrutal method because seals are because seals are beaten to death with beaten to death with these weapons.these weapons.

Canadian Government arguesCanadian Government argues::a)a) Beating is painlessBeating is painlessb)b) Sealing balances out its population in the Sealing balances out its population in the

NorthNorthc)c) Sealing is Sealing is good for our economygood for our economy ($25 million ($25 million

every year).every year).

Greenland FactsGreenland Facts

81% of its surface is 81% of its surface is covered by an ice covered by an ice sheet.sheet.

Heavy ice sheet Heavy ice sheet has has pushed the surface pushed the surface 300m below sea level300m below sea level..

World’s largest islandWorld’s largest island

Population: 60 000Population: 60 000

What does Greenland & Nunavut What does Greenland & Nunavut have in common?have in common?

1.1. Large native population (Kalaallisut)Large native population (Kalaallisut)

2.2. Both natives groups:Both natives groups:

a)a) Live similar lifestylesLive similar lifestyles

b)b) rely on rely on huntinghunting & & fishingfishing

c)c) Use Use sea icesea ice & & land glaciers to huntland glaciers to hunt

3.3. Both territories have the same Both territories have the same climateclimate & & vegetationvegetation

4.4. Ice melt due to GLOBAL WARMING.Ice melt due to GLOBAL WARMING.

Global Warming: The BasicsGlobal Warming: The Basics

It is a gradual, natural increase in the overall It is a gradual, natural increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmospheretemperature of the earth's atmosphere

Greenhouse gasesGreenhouse gases are created by:are created by:

a)a) Using Using large amounts of energylarge amounts of energy

b)b) Burning of fossil fuelsBurning of fossil fuels

What is What is speeding up the process of Global speeding up the process of Global WarmingWarming??

a)a) Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse Gases

b)b) PollutionPollution

c)c) DeforestationDeforestation

1.1. Sea ice for hunting is Sea ice for hunting is disappearing.disappearing.

2.2. Marine mammals and Marine mammals and animals that use the ice will animals that use the ice will disappear. disappear.

3.3. Inuit will loose valuable food Inuit will loose valuable food sources.sources.

4.4. Inuit communities will Inuit communities will disappear.disappear.

What are the effects of What are the effects of global warming global warming in in Nunavut?Nunavut?

Some General effects of Global Some General effects of Global WarmingWarming

1.1. Extreme Weather (Hurricane Sandy)Extreme Weather (Hurricane Sandy)2.2. Sea level riseSea level rise3.3. Flooding or DroughtFlooding or Drought4.4. Loss of drinkable waterLoss of drinkable water5.5. Decreased food suppliesDecreased food supplies6.6. Loss of many animal speciesLoss of many animal species7.7. Cost for many products (food, electricity, etc.) Cost for many products (food, electricity, etc.)

will increase.will increase.