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Normal Insulin Production But the channels (doors) that allow glucose into your cells are closed Your pancreas responds by releasing insulin into the blood stream Blood cell G G G G G G G G G G G G G
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Normal Insulin Production• Cells needs glucose• Glucose is used by the mitochondria to make
energy (ATP)• After meals, glucose levels in the blood
increase
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
Normal Insulin Production• Cells needs glucose• Glucose is used by the mitochondria to make
energy (ATP)• After meals, glucose levels in the blood
increase
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
Normal Insulin Production• But the channels (doors) that allow glucose into
your cells are closed• Your pancreas responds by releasing insulin
into the blood stream
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
Normal Insulin Production• But the channels (doors) that allow glucose into
your cells are closed• Your pancreas responds by releasing insulin
into the blood stream
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
i
Normal Insulin Production• Insulin causes the channels (doors) to open• Glucose diffuses into the cells, giving them
much needed nutrition
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
Gii i
i ii
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Normal Insulin Production• Insulin causes the channels (doors) to open• Glucose can diffuse into the cells, giving them
much needed nutrition• Glucose level in blood returns to normal
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cellii i
i ii
i
ii
iG
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
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Diabetes• Cells needs glucose• Glucose is used by the mitochondria to make
energy (ATP)• After meals, glucose levels in the blood
increase
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
Diabetes• Cells needs glucose• Glucose is used by the mitochondria to make
energy (ATP)• After meals, glucose levels in the blood
increase
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
Diabetes• But the channels (doors) that allow glucose into
your cells are closed• A damaged pancreas will often release too little
insulin
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
Diabetes• But the channels (doors) that allow glucose into
your cells are closed• A damaged pancreas will often release too little
insulin
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
Diabetes• But the channels (doors) that allow glucose into
your cells are closed• A damaged pancreas will often release too little
insulin• Insulin causes only a few channels (doors) to open
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
i
i
Diabetes• Very little glucose can diffuse into the cells• The glucose level in the blood never returns to
normal• Hours later, the next meal adds even more
glucose
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
i
iG
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
Diabetes• Very little glucose can diffuse into the cells• The glucose level in the blood never returns to
normal• Hours later, the next meal adds even more
glucose
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
i
iG
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G G
G
G
GG
G
G
G G
GG
GG
G
G
G
G
GG
GG
G
GG GG G
G
G
G
G
G G
G
G
Diabetes• Ironically, the cells begin to starve even though
food is nearby• The blood becomes acidic• Negative effects: heart disease, high blood
pressure, stroke, death
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
i
iG
GG
G
G
G
G
G
GG
G
G
G
G G
G
G
GG
G
G
G G
GG
GG
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G
G
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GG GG G
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Diabetes Treatment• Insulin injections
Blood
cell cell cell cell cell
cell cell cell cell cell
i
iG
GG
GG G
iiiiiiii
But where do we get the insulin
from?
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