Nokia Antenna Overview

7/18/2019 Nokia Antenna Overview

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1 NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Session 4

Module5: Fundamentals ofAntennas&Feeders


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Module5 Objectives

% Ater t'is module t'e (ou )ill *e a*le to+

, des-ri*e t'e ee-t o eeder -a*le on

antenna outut o)er leel

, des-ri*e t'e inuen-e o antenna andeeder -a*les on t'e 3"A s(stem

,use t'e antenna editor/module in Totem

$antae to -reate a ne) antenna t(e

rom ien inormation


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dB 1/2

% al-ulations in d6 7de-i86el9

loarit'mi-: relatie s-ale% Al)a(s )it' rese-t to a reeren-e

% d6 + d6 a*oe att

% d6m + d6 a*oe matt

% d6i + d6 a*oe isotroi-

% d6d + d6 a*oe diole% d6$/m+ d6 a*oe $/m

% rule8o8t'um*+ ;5d6 < a-tor 2

;= d6 < a-tor >

;10 d6 < a-tor 10

-30 dBm = 1 W

-20 dBm = 10 W

-10 dBm = 100 W

-7 dBm = 200 W

-3 dBm = 500 W

0 dBm = 1 mW

+3 dBm = 2 mW

+7 dBm = 5 mW

+10 dBm = 10 mW

+13 dBm = 20 mW

+20 dBm = 100mW

+30 dBm = 1 W+40 dBm = 10W

+50 dBm = 100W


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dB 2/2

% Po)er

% $oltaes

% onersion a-tor+

?7d6$/m9 < P7d6m9 ; 10@:4 ; antenna a-tor% antenna a-tor < 20 lo7 "BCD9 82E: 8 ant_ain ; -a*le_loss

dB P

PP

lin

P dB=

=10 10

0

10log [ ].( )

dB

E

EElin

E dB

=

=20 10020log [ ].

( )

antenna a-tor or E00 "BC + G 2E d6100 "BC + G 5> d6

antenna a-tor or E00 "BC + G 2E d6100 "BC + G 5> d6


5/42> NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

% Antennas% a*les 7Humer9

% Feeder -a*les

% onne-tors

% lams

% i'tninrote-tion

% all lands

Antenna Sstem 1/2

Antennas

a*le tra-e

"ountin -lam?art'in it

Jumer -a*le

all land

Feeder -a*le


6/42@ NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Antenna Sstem 2/2

onne-toronne-tor

Feeder lamsFeeder lams

Jumer -a*leJumer -a*le

roundinroundinFeeder -lamsFeeder -lams


7/42= NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

% Antennas -onert uided )aes: e.. in

% )aeuides% strilines% -oaLial lines% slot lines

into ree8sa-e )aes 7BertCian )aes9or i-e ersa

% Antenna t(es+% loo antennas 7maneti- Meld indu-tion9% rod antennas 7ele-tri- Meld indu-tion9% )aeuide antennas%

at-' antennas


8/42 NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Far Field #istance

%Transort me-'anism

ele-tromaneti- ener( transort *( -onstanteL-'ane *et)een ele-tri-al and maneti- Meld +?8)ae and B8)ae

Po(ntin8 e-tor 7ener(9 + ? L B

% ?8 and B8)ae are erendi-ular at distan-es

larer t'an t'e ar Meld distan-e 7lane )ae9

E- field

H- field

rD

R=

2 2


9/42E NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Antenna #ata 1/$

% Isotroi- Qadiator+ '(ot'eti-al oint sour-e )'i-'

radiates )it' t'e same o)er in an( dire-tion 7nolosses9

Pt

Pt< # R4RRr2

#i Qadiation o)er densit(

)/m2D

4RRr2#'ere sura-e m2 D

Pt Feeded o)er D

#i


10/4210 NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Antenna #ata 2/$

% ?ner( in antenna onl( artl(

-onerts to ele-tromaneti- )aes

% Qadiated ener( is onl( a ra-tion ore-eied ener(

% Qadiated ener( is measura*le onl( ata reeren-e distan-e rom antenna7minimum < ar Meld distan-eS9

% oulin losses are G >0 ... @0 d6 or

Mrst e) meters: t'en use ree8sa-eroaation losses


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Antenna #ata %/$

Pt< 4> d6m

ainV 'oriContal*eam)idt'

antenna

@>V 'oriContal*eam)idt'

antenna

55V 'oriContal*eam)idt'

antenna

55V 'oriContal*eam)idt'

antenna

Antenna #ata $/$ + Antenna#ia,ramm


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1> NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Antenna !-es

% 3ioles

% most eneral t(e+ omnidire-tional% Arra(s

% -om*inations o man( smaller elements% 'i' ains: se-ial radiation atterns:% 'ased arra( antennas 7 888W smart antennas 9

%Uai% er( -ommon: 'i' ain: dire-tional antennas% oten used as T$8 antennas

% Para*oles% er( 'i' ain: eLtremel( narro) *eam8)idt's% -ommonl( used or line8o8si't at's

7satellites...9

Mobile )adio Antennas: omni


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1@ NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Mobile )adio Antennas: omniantenna

% Antenna )it' erti-al BP6 or omni sites%

are area -oerae

% Adantaes% ontinuous -oerae around t'e site% #imle antenna mountin

% Ideal or 'omoeneous terrain

% 3ra)*a-s% No me-'ani-al tilt ossi*le

Mobile )adio Antennas:


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1= NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Mobile )adio Antennas:sector antenna

% Antenna )it' *ot' erti-al and 'oriContalBP6

% Adantaes% oerae -an *e o-ussed on se-ial

areas% o) -oerae o areas o no interest

7e.. orest9% Allo)s 'i' traX- load% Additional me-'ani-al do)ntilt ossi*le% all mountin ossi*le

% 3ra)*a-s% "ore 'ard)are er site needed


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!-ical A--lications

% ide 'oriContal *eam)idt' 7e.. E0V9

% For areas )it' e) ree-tin and s-atterin o*He-ts 7rural area9% Area -oerae or 58se-tor sites% #uX-ient -ell oerla to allo) su--essul 'andoers

% #mall 'oriContal *eam)idt' 7e.. @>V9% For areas )it' 'i' s-atterin 7-it( areas9% oerae *et)een se-tors *( s-atterin and *( adHa-ent sites

7mostl( site densiM-ation in ur*an areas9% $er( small 'oriContal *eam)idt' 7e.. 55V9

% #e-ial antenna used or @ se-torised sites% Antenna to roide -oerae alon t'e 'i')a(s


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1E NOKIA session_4_Fundamentals_A&F.PPT/June2000 / Field Planner

Antenna !ilt

% 3o)ntiltin o t'e Antenna main *eam relatie to

t'e 'oriContal% oals+

% Qedu-tion o oers'oot% Qemoal o insular -oerae% o)erin t'e intereren-e

% oerae imroement o t'e near area7indoor -oerae9

% AdHustment o -ell *orders 7'andoer Cones9

% "e-'ani-al / ?le-tri-al or om*ined do)ntilt


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Mec"anical #o.ntilt

% Adantaes%

ater adHustment o erti-al tilt ossi*le% Antenna diaram is not -'aned: i.e. nulls andsidelo*es remain in t'eir osition relatie to t'emain *eam

% ost ee-tie 7sinle antenna t(e ma( *e used9% Fast adHustments ossi*le

% 3ra)*a-s% #idelo*es are less tilted% A--urate adHustment is diX-ult% Pro*lems or sites )it' diX-ult a--ess


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'lectrical #o.ntilt

% Adantaes

% #ame tilt or bot"main and side lo*es% Antenna mountin is more

simleno adHustment errors

% 3ra)*a-s% Introdu-tion o additional

antenna t(es ne--esar(% AdHustment o ele-tri-al tilt

mostl( not ossi*leadHustment done *(

me-'ani-al do)ntilt

= 0

= t

= 2 t

= 3 t

= delay time

downtilt anle


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ombined #o.ntilt

% om*ination o *ot' me-'ani-al and ele-tri-al do)ntilt

% Bi' ele-tri-al do)ntilt+ 3istin-t rane redu-tion insidelo*e dire-tion 7intereren-e redu-tion9% ess do)ntilt in main *eam dire-tion

% 'oose se-tor antennas )it' 'i' ele-tri-al do)ntilt

[email protected] and al( me-'ani-al utilt installation orotimum -oerae rane in main *eam dire-tion

Assessment of )e0uired !ilts


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Assessment of )e0uired !ilts1

% Qeuired tilt is estimated usin Geometrical Optics

% onsideration o% $erti-al BP6 o t'e antenna% Antenna 'ei't a*oe round% Bei't dieren-e antenna/lo-ation to *e -oered% "or'o8stru-ture in t'e i-init( o t'e antenna%Toora'( *et)een transmitter and re-eier lo-ation

% #ame tilt must *e alied or all antennas o t'e se-tor7#mart Qadio on-et9S


24/42


Assessment of )e0uired !ilts 2

a *

main *eamdire-tion

BP6

BP6

2V do)ntilt=V erti-alBP6

* -a

main *eamdire-tionBP6

4V do)ntilt=V erti-alBP6


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Pole mountin orroo8to mountin

Pole mountin orroo8to mountin

Antenna Mountin,s

Pole mountin or )allor araet mountin

Pole mountin or )allor araet mountin

To)er mountin ordire-tional antennas

To)er mountin ordire-tional antennas

i i f


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#istortion of antenna -attern 1/4

% Antenna Near Field Qane+ Qmin < 23Y/

% 3 < Aerture o antenna 7e.. 2m9


27/42


3ei,"t learance vs Antenna !ilt -ractical ,uide

0:0

1:0

2:0

5:0

4:0>:0

@:0

=:0

:0

E:0

> 10 1> 20 2> 50 5> 40 4> >0

)oof 'd,e d m

" m

@Vdo)n tilt

(

(


0Vdo)n tilt


28/42


)ainlobe *tronest sinal

*(adow o radio sinal

!(e stronest sinal is ar away

rom Base *tation



29/42


)ainlobe *tronest

sinal

'o s(adow o radio sinal

Bot( t(e area near and ar away rom

B!* recei,e a stron sinal

#istortion of antenna -attern %/4

* #i id 1/2


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% Po)er diiders -onne-tseeral

antennas to one eeder -a*le% For -om*ination o indiidual

antenna atterns or areuested -onMuration

% Zuasi8omni -onMuration%

6idire-tional -onMuration7road -oerae9

48to81 Po)er slitter7@ d6 loss9

Zuasi8Omni

onMuration

*o.er #ivider 1/2

*o er #i ider 2/%


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3 dB

Pin

Pin

2

Pin

2

Pin

3

4.5 dB

Pin

Pin

3

Pin

3

6 dB

Pin

Pin

4

Pin

4

Pin

4

Pin

4

*o.er #ivider 2/%% Also -alled [o)er slitter[

% Passie dei-e 7)ors in*ot' 7transmit and re-eie9direction

% Insertion loss 0.280.5 d6

*anel on, rations 1


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*anel on,urations 1

% Qadial Arranemento @ Panel Antennas )it' 'oriContal *eam)idt' < 10> Vain < 1@.> d6i: mast radius < 0.42> m: mountin radius < 0.>=> m

*anel on,urations 2


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*anel on,urations 2

% ?Lamle 2+ Zuasi Omni Arranemento 5 antennas )it' 'oriContal *eam)idt' < 10> V: ain d6i:

mountin radius < 4 m

*anel on,urations %


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*anel on,urations %

% ?Lamle 5+ #e) Arranement%

o 4 Panel Antennas )it' 'oriContal *eam)idt'< @> V:ain < 12.> d6i: mast radius < 1 m:mountin radius < 1.@1> m

Antenna installation issues


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Antenna installation issues

d has to be >

3.2 m

. *aety marin o 15between t(e relectin surace and t(e 3 dB lobe

Antenna installation: Ot"er )F+


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sstems

'ot /cce"table

/cce"table

Be careful with

back-lobe!

% ?nsure t'at T$ or ot'er re-eiinantennas do not o*stru-t t'e 3"Aantenna tae8o 7alt'ou' t'e reersesituation is ermissi*le9% In ra-ti-e t'ere is Mlterin in 3"A*ase stations and t'e( do not -ause

an( ro*lems to t'e ot'er QF s(stems% 3o not ut an( o*sta-les inside t'eantenna main *eam *e-ause it -andeteriorate t'e s'ae o t'e *eam

-,rades to urrent SM


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Antennas

urrent :sa-ediersit(

-,rade :sa-e ;

olariCationdiersit(

S-ace diversitim-roves

-erformance67577176 dB

com-ared to sin,leradome7

!"e ,ain of 275 dBassumes sin,le

radome7

S-ace diversitim-roves

-erformance67577176 dB

com-ared to sin,leradome7

!"e ,ain of 275 dBassumes sin,le

radome7urrent :olariCation

diersit(

1500m

m

1>0 mm

-,rade:

2 L olariCationdiersit( )it'inone radome

500 mm

Antennascan bes"ared

.it" SM

Feeders


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Feeders

% Te-'ni-al summar(+Inner -ondu-tor+ oer )ire3iele-tri-+ o) densit(

oam P?Outer -ondu-tor+ orruated

-oer tu*eJa-et+ Pol(et'(lene 7P?9

*la-

Inner -ondu-torInner -ondu-tor

3iele-tri-3iele-tri-Ja-etJa-et

Outer -ondu-torOuter -ondu-tor

Feeder (nstallation Set and


39/42


onnectors

=/1@ onne-tor+oaLial onne-torQo*ustood QF8Perorman-e

=/1@ onne-tor+oaLial onne-torQo*ustood QF8Perorman-e

1 a*le lams2 Antenna a*le5 3ou*le 6earin4 ounter art

> An-'or tae

1 a*le lams2 Antenna a*le5 3ou*le 6earin4 ounter art

> An-'or tae

Feeder *arameters


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Feeder *arametersFeeder

cable type

Producer Usage Outer

diameter r i

!mm"

#i.

bedig

radius i

!mm"

$tteuatio

dB%&''m

!&(''#H)"

12 Hi(le * 6uadrant um"er cable 1385 30 9 084

um"er 1m :u"en ;P: um"er cable 138< 40 9 084

12 Hi(le * 6uadrant um"er cable 1385 30 9 085

um"er 2m :u"en ;P: um"er cable 138< 40 9 085

12 Hi(le * 6uadrant eeder u" to 10 m 1385 30 185

eeder u" to

10m

:u"en ;P: eeder u" to 10 m 138< 40 15812

12 /ndrew eeder u" to 25 mwo um"er

1< 125 108

Documents

Nokia Antenna Overview