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NextNext generation generation networksnetworks with with multiple access multiple access technologiestechnologies

Christer Christer ÅÅhlundhlund

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LuleLuleåå University of TechnologyUniversity of Technology

Northern Sweden

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SettingSetting the the scenescene

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Heterogeneous access devicesHeterogeneous access devicesNew devises are equipped with wireless technologies.Many have more than one interface.

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Heterogeneous access networksHeterogeneous access networks

Future access networks will be a combination of network technologies.

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The The HybriNetHybriNet projectprojectToday

Fiber to homesHotspots in selected areasServices like VoIP, TV

Project goalsCombination of technologiesMobility supportServices in both fiber and wireless access networksPosition WiMax

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The The choicechoice of technology of technology

Mobile IP (MIP)Network layer mobilityTransparent for upper layers

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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP

Home Network

Home agent

Correspondent node

Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent

Foreign Net works

Internet Router

Base stations

Mobile device

Router solicitation

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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP

Home Network

Home agent

Correspondent node

Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent

Foreign Net works

Internet Router

Base stations

Mobile device

Router solicitation

Router advertisement

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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP

Home Network

Home agent

Correspondent node

Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent

Foreign Net works

Internet Router

Base stations

Mobile device

Binding update

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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP

Home Network

Home agent

Correspondent node

Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent

Foreign Net works

Internet Router

Base stations

Mobile device

Binding update

Binding acknowledgement

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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP

Home Network

Home agent

Correspondent node

Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent

Foreign Net works

Internet Router

Base stations

Mobile device

Packets from CN to MN

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IntroductionIntroduction to MIPto MIP

Home Network

Home agent

Correspondent node

Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent

Foreign Net works

Internet Router

Base stations

Mobile device

Packets from CN to MN

Packets from MN to CN

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IntroductionIntroduction to MIP (to MIP (whenwhen route route optimizationoptimization is used)is used)

Home Network

Home agent

Correspondent node

Foreign agentForeign agentForeign agent

Foreign Net works

Internet Router

Base stations

Mobile device

Binding update

Packets from CN to MN

Packets from MN to CN

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FlawFlaw in MIP in MIP targetingtargeting wireless access wireless access networksnetworks

Home agent

AB

12

3

45

67

8

One binding for each MN in the HA

Problems may occur in position B

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MultihomedMultihomed MIP (MMIP (M--MIP)MIP)

MultihomedMultiple CoA bound to a home addressTransparent for upper layersDynamic evaluation of AP/BSDifferent CoAs can be used for different CHsLow handover delaysThe mobile device is in control….

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MM--MIPMIPHome agent

AB

12

3

45

67

8

Keep multiple bindings, use the onewith best performance

Two bindings registered in position B

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MM--MIPMIP

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MM--MIPMIP

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MM--MIPMIP

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Handover decisionsHandover decisions

Problems in current handover decision parameters:Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) could show good radio connection although there are many hosts attached to the same access point (AP selection). Also the SNR of different technologies cannot be compared.

Bit error rate (BER) do not tell about the remaining capacity.

Dynamic network layer metrics enables a better overview and the selection of a less utilized gateway or a path with higher throughput.

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Parameters used for handover decisionParameters used for handover decision

Network layer metric based on MIP messages

(1)

(2)

(3)

Relative Network-layer Load (RNL)

(4)

111

−−

+= nnn zh

hrtth

z

111

−−

+= nnn xh

hh

x δ

12 1)(1

−∗−

+−= nnnn Vh

hxh

V δ

nnn VzRNL +=

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MM--MIP and MIP and heterogeneousheterogeneous access access networksnetworks usingusing RNL for RNL for handoverhandover decisiondecision

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88

Time (s)

Handov er t o

UM T S

Handover t o

802.11b

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 5 9 13 17 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 3 3 7 4 1 4 5 4 9 5 3 5 7 6 1 6 5 6 9 7 3 7 7 8 1 8 5 8 9

T ime ( s )

UM TS

8 0 2 . 11b

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To To enableenable mobility of mobility of singlesingle flowsflows: : PortPort--basedbased MM--MIPMIP

Different flows via different technologiesExtensions needed to MIPv6 messages

Two new flags in the binding update headerA new option header to attach a port number

The HA can direct different flows to the same HoA using different CoAA CH can use multiple addressessimultaneously. Flow mobility between devices

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Port-based M-MIP

Multihomed extension to MIP

2 flags added to the binding update message

M-flag indicates multihomed bindingsS-flag informs the HA which binding to use as default selection

SKH LifetimeReservedMLA

Sequence numberChecksum

ReservedMH TypeHeader lenPayload proto

SKH LifetimeReservedMLA

Sequence numberChecksum

ReservedMH TypeHeader lenPayload proto

8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bits

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Port-based M-MIP

Flow-mobility extension to M-MIP

Flow mobility option header to be added to a BU

One or more option headers added to one BU

Port

Option lengthOption type

8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bits

Protocol Not used

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Port-based M-MIP

M-MIP extended binding cache/ binding table

The MH insert a binding in the local binding table for outgoing traffic

The HA insert a binding in the binding cache for incoming traffic

HoA CoA Protocol Port Lifetime Flags

3ffe::a:b:c:d 3ffc::1:5:a:b:c:d -1 -1 150 A/H/L/K/M/S

3ffe::a:b:c:d 3ffc::1:6:a:b:c:a 6 6935 200 A/H/L/K/M

3ffe::a:b:c:d 3ffc::1:a:a:b:c:d 17 7830 150 A/H/L/K/M

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Evaluation of Port-based M-MIP

Evaluation topologyA roaming MN sends a simulated Skype video call to the CN.MN handovers: WLAN → WiMAX → WLAN → UMTS → WLAN

Correspondent Node

Home AgentWiMAX 802.16

WLAN 802.11

UMTS/GPRS

The Internet

Mobile NodeWLAN 802.11

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Throughput (downlink)

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Jitter (downlink)

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Policies added for handover decission

Cost function:Evaluates available networksSi = wc * ln C + wp * ln P + wb * ln B

Parameters:Power consumption (P)Performance (RNL)Cost (C)

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Evaluation of Port-based M-MIP

Policy value/Bandwith/Jitter

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Time (s)

Polic

y va

lue

units

/kbp

s/m

sec

Bandwidth (kbps)WLANUMTSWiMAXJitter (msec)

Evaluation results

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Prototype evaluation

Bandwidth (20kbps)

Jitter

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Conclusions, PortConclusions, Port--based MIPbased MIP

-- MultihomedMultihomed extensions to Mobile IPextensions to Mobile IP

-- Relative NetworkRelative Network--layer Loadlayer Load

-- Flow mobility extensionsFlow mobility extensions

-- Basic policiesBasic policies

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Future workFuture work

-- Application control of flow mobility Application control of flow mobility

-- Extended policies to enhance handoverExtended policies to enhance handover

-- CrossCross--layer context exchangelayer context exchange

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QuestionsQuestions??