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NEIL WHITE
• AEOp (Air Electronics Operator) - Nimrod MR2
• Licensed Retail Management
• 2002 Systems Operator / SSO Fisheries Protection Aircraft based in Exeter
• 2012 Business Development / Provide an Overview of Civilian Surveillance Operations for C-Aviation
ISTAR
Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance.
CIVIL ISR
Use of military techniques for civil applications.
FISHERIES PROTECTION
A requirement to balance available fish stocks with the fishing effort conducted.
RAF Nimrod ‘Tapestries’
1977 Establishment of the 200 nautical miles Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
The UK area is over 298,000 square miles (773,000 km2)
With each fishing vessel being photographed and identified
Extent of Operations in UK Waters
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) - 200nm limit or Median line denoted by red line
Territorial limits - 12nm limit
Internal (inshore) waters - 6nm limit
The UK has a very clear international obligation in this regard and is coordinated by the Department of Transport.
UK Search and Rescue Region OSPAR Convention Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic
Common Fisheries Policy
The common fisheries policy was created to manage fish stock for the European Union as a whole.
It sets quotas member states are allowed to catch in relation to each type of fish
The European Commission drafts new rules and regulations for the European fishing industry.
Membership of the EU actually restricts how we control fishing in our waters.
Enforcement regulations can be applied through Licence restrictions, however these only apply to UK registered vessels.
Fishery Protection Areas of Responsibilities within the UK
Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Manages UK fishing fleet capacity and UK fisheries quotas, work with Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) to create and manage a network of marine protected areas. It can also respond to marine emergencies alongside the Maritime Coastguard Agency (MCA).
Welsh Assembly Government (WAG)
Department Agriculture and Rural Development, Northern Ireland (DARDNI)
Marine Scotland
Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities (IFCA’s) - Responsible for inshore fisheries in England.
Additionally … CROWN PROTECTORATES Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man - . Not part of the EU. Separate legislation governing these areas
ENVIRONMENT AGENCY – Responsible for enforcing regulations relation to salmon, sea trout and eels
Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Areas
Enforcement has been devolved splitting the inshore areas into self-maintaining regions with their own budgets.
The Marine Management Organisation, Environment Agency and Natural England each have a statutory seat on the IFCA.
The Welsh Assembly Government has greater control over Welsh waters
Control was previously held by a number of different Whitehall departments and agencies.
Restrictions on the amount of fish that can be caught.
The kind of fish, the fishing methods.
Methods of enforcement.
Aims:
Matching fishing effort with fishing stocksProtection of the undersea habitat & traditional potting areas
Solutions:
Cap fleet sizes - Licensing and registrationReduction of fleet sizes – decommission boatsSet total allowable catches - quotasSet technical conservation measures – mesh sizesLimit fishing effort by restricting ‘days at sea’Impose closed / restricted areas
• Real Time Closures• Celtic Sea Cod Boxes• Lyme Bay Designated Area
Satellite Vessel Monitoring System
Since 2012 In place for all vessels with an overall length greater than 12m vessels.
Vessel Masters must ensure their satellite system is operational (data not altered, antennae not disconnected/obstructed, power supply not interrupted, system not removed).
Each EU member state has established 'Fisheries Monitoring Centres' (FMCs) to monitor the activities of their flag fishing vessels (wherever they may be) and fishing vessels within their waters.
If a UK vessel is at sea and the unit fails, the requirement is for manual position reports every 4 hours to the UK Fisheries Call Centre.
Tells the FMC where the vessel is, not what it is doing.
Trawlers All sightings 2007 (6191)
AIS integrates a standardized VHF transceiver with a GPS receiver and is an automatic tracking system used by ships and the coastguard for identifying and locating vessels.
Information provided can include unique identification, position, course, and speed.
AIS is intended to assist a vessel's watch keeping.
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
Devon & Severn IFCA – Lyme Bay
SuccorfishBased on GSM / GPRS (Global system for mobile communications / General packet radio service) Mobile Network.
The majority of GSM networks use 900MHz and 1800MHz but in the US the 850MHz and 1900Mhz are prominent and primarily used for voice but can be used for mobile internet access via the GPRS Used to transmit data at speeds of up to 60 kbits per second it is a tried and tested robust system for the transfer of information.
An effective range of 10 – 12nm is achievable with the system currently under trial with Devon & Severn IFCA in the South West.
Purely a tracking system, it does not tell you if the vessel is fishing or not.
Accuracy / Resolution of 2m is achievable with updates every 10 minutes
Licensing restriction for scalloping in Cardigan Bay.It is estimated that almost full compliance has been achieved, however………
In June 2002 Whitesands was intercepted by HMS Anglesey and detained to Milford Haven.
The charges against the Whitesands related to a series of fishing trips made in the period January 2000 to June 2002, in waters to the west and south-west of Ireland and to the west of Scotland .
4th April 2003 £1.6 million fine for Anglo-Spanish fisheries fraud at Swansea Crown Court
Lyme Bay Night Surveillance
G-SVEY. A P68 Observer fitted with a Star Sapphire III.
Two crew – one pilot, one operator. Fairly fuel efficient with five hours endurance.
What are the options?
5 Dash-8 Q200 MPA Immarsat communications, surveillance radar, infra-red sensors and daylight TV camera for long-range offshore surveillance.
3 Cessna Reims F406 Surveillance radar and night vision systems for inshore surveillance.
6 Britten-Norman BN2B Islander’s and 1 AC500 Aero Commander Visual Surveillance role.
To: 6 Dash-8 Q200 aircraft, plus 4 longer-range and larger Dash-8 Q300 aircraft.
Australia’s Coastwatch went from:
