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Art Plural Gallery is pleased to present the solo exhibition of Chinese artist Nan Qi in collaboration with China Art Foundation. Featuring 30 of his most recent works, the exhibition will run from October 31 to November 23, 2013. The aim of this exhibition is to revisit traditional Chinese ink painting and engage our global audience in broader dialogues. Working with ink on Xuan paper alternating black and white, Nan Qi’s work is deeply rooted in the technique of traditional ink painting. From this strong personal attachment to ink, the artist incorporates new elements to his work, such as the dot pointillist and 3D techniques, injecting an innovative dimension to the traditional medium.
Citation preview
5
Shui mo or ink wash painting has a long rich tradition in the annals of Chinese culture and heritage. For over
two centuries, Chinese artists have used ink on rice paper to showcase not just their drawing skills but also their
intellect and nobility. Past masters of the medium composed poems or wrote verses on their paintings, thus
creating a unique Chinese art form which may not be fully understood by the uninitiated.
Today, traditional shui mo painting is still widely practised; however the rapid modernisation of China has
provided unprecedented stimuli to a younger generation of ink artists to reassess their art form. Taking a leaf
from the Impressionist art movement and its infl uence on Western art in the 19th century, this new group of
contemporary ink artists are breaking ground to create an innovative dimension and perspective for shui mo.
Against such a backdrop, I set up China Art Foundation (CAF) in 2004 as a non-profi t organisation dedicated
to the development and promotion of contemporary Chinese ink painting through exhibitions, publications and
public forums.
In October 2004, CAF organised an exhibition entitled ‘XinXieYi’ or ‘New Freehand Chinese Ink Painting’ at
the National Art Museum in Beijing. It was curated by a team of distinguished art critics led by Professor
Liu Xiaochun, Researcher at the Chinese Art Research Institute. The curatorial team selected a group of 30
mostly Chinese ink artists, with the inclusion of Hong Kong’s Wucius Wong and Singapore’s Tan Swie Hian.
The exhibition explored the various aspects of freehand brushwork, especially the concept of ‘original simplicity’.
Coincidentally, there was a high profi le international exhibition held at the same time in the National Museum.
It was the fi rst Impressionist Art Exhibition held in Beijing, a cultural programme initiated and organised by
the Chinese and French governments to commemorate forty years of Franco-Sino ties. The differences and
relationships between the two art movements could not be better served and it left a strong indelible impression
on most audience members.
6
Nan Qi participated in ‘XinXieYi’ as both my exhibition director and artist. He was then already a well-known
artist at home, both as an oil and ink painter. His subject matters range widely, but he was particularly interested
in exploring themes which relate to authority, money and sex. Over the years, I witnessed Nan Qi’s journey
as an artist who dared to break new ground, experimenting early with the painting of ink dots on rice paper.
He harnessed digital technology and combined it with traditional ink techniques to create a whole new body
of work, many of which produced a three-dimensional effect, even to the naked eye. Georges Seurat, Roy
Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol were all well known for their signature work, employing the dot effect on canvas,
in a pointillist manner and with screen-printing techniques. With Chinese ink, Nan Qi created a new oeuvre of
dot-inspired paintings, imbued with strong Chinese symbolic characteristics. I hope you will all enjoy his works
as much as I have.
I would like to thank Kwok Kian Chow for writing the introduction essay for the catalogue. Kian Chow is a well
known writer, curator and consultant to museums, with an erudite understanding of Asian art. His particular
insights into Chinese art and culture are especially invaluable. I would also like to thank Frédéric and Carole
de Senarclens for their enthusiasm and support for this exhibition. They have a strong international exhibitions
programme with a wonderful space to match. Finally, my deep appreciation goes to the team at Art Plural
Gallery who has put in a great effort to make the show a success.
Chong Huai Seng
Chairman
China Art Foundation
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
Portrait of Nan Qi
9
Southern Streams: Launch of a New Ink Painting Exhibition Series
Chinese ink painting is translated into English variedly as “ink painting” or “ink and brush painting”, if not a
closely related (and at times completely interchangeable) set of terms: Chinese landscape painting, rice paper
painting, literati painting, Chinese monochrome painting or Chinese scroll painting. Setting aside their detailed
etymologies, it is important to note that they each emphasise a different element or characteristic of ink painting
– the ink, brush, paper, aesthetics and so on. I wish to highlight two important dimensions which appear to be
missing in these terms – colour and water.
Ink encompasses se 色 “colour”, according to classical Chinese text on painting. Ink was commonly regarded
to possess fi ve colours, although this functioned as a fi gurative description of its endless possibilities, just
as there were various explanations as to what the colours were. Some of the “colours” included: burnt, dry,
wet, thick, heavy, light, black and so on. The idea that these “colours” existed in the monochrome may sound
contradictory but it accentuates the very spirit of monochrome ink painting.
Since colour is but a description or expression, the aesthetics of ink is really about working within its possibilities
to capture various “colours”. In this sense, black ink may be said to possess colour. Of course, one can argue
that these should be more accurately referred to as tonalities, hues or opacity, rather than colours.
However, the classical discourse did have parallel mentions of polychromatic colours – red, yellow, green,
etc. In relation to these traditional colours, the monochrome was equally capable, if not more nuanced for the
greater artistic challenges it presented, in expressing the richness of colour. This spirit of monochrome ink
painting makes it unique among painting traditions in the world. Historically, Chinese ink painting has resisted
the use of polychromatic colours, despite the availability of colour pigments from minerals and a rich array of
pictorial techniques for their application.
This understanding of colour in ink painting is further explored in contemporary ink painting. A contemporary
Chinese ink work need not be a painting, by strict defi nition, as the ink aesthetics may be applied to fi lm,
photography, installation or even performance art, which is known in China as xinwei yishu 行为艺术 “behavioural
art”, emphasising the phenomenological aspects of the work. Just as black ink possesses colours, ink painting
may be realised in multiple media.
11
Besides colour, another lesser discussed aspect of Chinese ink painting is water. In Chinese, the term most
commonly used to refer to ink painting is shuimo hua 水墨画, literally translated as “water and ink painting”. This
is a relatively new term, as the ink paintings were known as “landscapes” (shanshui 山水) or “Chinese painting”
(guohua 国画) during the early 20th century and before. This switch in terminology was meant to categorise
a broader spectrum of ink works by the technical properties of its medium, ink and water, downplaying the
importance of describing it by subject matter and cultural or national identity. This ironically reinforces the
“Chineseness” of the medium, a point that I will later discuss in relation to contemporary ink discourse.
When considering “colour” in terms of depth, thickness or rawness, the counterpart to ink is naturally water. In
terms of its physicality, ink painting is about the interplay of the brush, rice paper, ink and water. With the advent
of photography, fi lm and mass communication in the 20th century, and afterwards the present era of global
internet and social media (in China, there has been the development of a new literary genre known as “short-
messaging literature”), ink artists are therefore re-thinking the relations of each of these physical components
with the media-scape at large.
As such, water is no longer just seen as a companion to ink to achieve colour, but takes on a literal, metaphorical
and conceptual manifestation in art. It is interesting to note that if the term “watercolour” is not only a medium
but also a culturally specifi c link to English art history, then ink painting – most accurately described as
“water-colour” in terms of its physical properties, but has these exact two terms instead omitted in its English
terminology - is culturally specifi c to the Chinese art tradition.
The reconsideration of the element of water in contemporary work rekindles classical philosophical discourse
on water, such as in Laozi and the earlier pictorial representations of water in the Tang and Song paintings.
Such rich historical and cross-disciplinary references from sources in the last thousands of years have become
accessible to contemporary ink artists as a source of inspiration.
This is a good point for us to explore the works of Nan Qi, the fi rst of the Chinese ink painting exhibition series
at Art Plural Gallery, Singapore.
Detail: Overlapping Five Stars (叠着的五个五星) 2013, Page 26
12
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
The thinning on the edge of a concentration of ink when it is applied to the rice paper is an expressive technique
in ink painting. Optically, this works in a manner similar to spherical aberration – the uniform diffusion at the
circumscribing edge of a light refl ection. With the painting brush and the mixing of water, the directions, speed,
movements of the spread of the ink on paper can be masterly controlled, so as to form impressionistic or
expressive images or pure abstract forms.
The term in Chinese for such diffusion is yundian 晕点, a term found in many classical literary works to describe
the misty moonlight spotted through thick clouds, indicating forthcoming rain. The same term yundian is used
to describe Nan Qi’s signature dots. The artist has used the yundian dot technique to subvert the descriptive,
poetic and abstract content of the classical ink. It now becomes an interplay of the historical references and
the pixelation in digital media.
Each pixel dot in Nan Qi’s digitisation is hand painted. There are multiple takes in the irony: a twist from the
classical to the contemporary, a switch from the expressive ink to the digital pixelation but using the same
ink medium, and the reformulation of the images upon viewing at a distance. As the artist puts it, “the dots
in my work have many layers, including ink layers themselves and layers of colour, but all in a single dot.”
Such multiple layering is extended to the various deconstructions the artist explores with traditions, media,
technology and the viewer’s participation in completing the cycle of image production.
Taking such layering further is Nan Qi’s 3-D series. Nan Qi invokes the stereoscopic vision of the 3-D technology
half-way: that is, to produce the bi-vision 3-D images and yet denying the viewer the usual 3-D glasses to
complete the illusion. The 3-D glasses here symbolise the unquestioning acceptance of political and marketing
messages in the media. An audience who habitually put on the 3-D glasses have been trained to complete the
intended messaging in his or her mind.
The use of the ink medium then brings us back to the “Chineseness” of it all. The familiar imagery deconstructed
in Nan Qi’s 3-D paintings points to the Chinese context. On another level, the contemporary ink painting is both
a critique as well as a furthering of the potentials of the millennia-long aesthetic tradition.
13
The reference to tradition is important. A recent exhibition at the G-Dot Art Space in Beijing featuring Nan Qi as
well as Cai Guangbin and Zhang Quan, has Houyi 后移 as the exhibition title, which was translated into English
as “In Retrospect”. In going through the catalogue, my preference would have been to translate the term literally
as “Back Shift” to emphasise the multi-directional shifts the artists are doing – and “back” or engagements with
the ink tradition being very critical – rather than a mere retrospection.
The works of these artists and the discussions related to the Houyi exhibition form an example of the dynamic
contemporary ink art and the related discourse. The Singapore-based China Art Foundation has helped to organise
and also sponsored many of the contemporary ink conferences. Another very important series is the Shenzhen
Ink Biennale and Conferences series which has seen the participation of not only Chinese but also ink art scholars
from all over the world. Singapore was featured as a special section in the 2006 Shenzhen Ink Biennale.
Collectively, such practices and activities, which began in the 1980s, form one of the most dynamic contemporary
art trends today. A sensitive consideration of many of the artists’ work shows their dynamic negotiation between
tradition and contemporary culture, self and the collective, and the exploration of the endless possibilities in
the perennial ink medium. Such is the wealth of the long streams of art history, the dialogue with which is its
progression as well as its deconstruction.
The “Chineseness” in ink painting entails both the celebration as well as a critique of the ink painting tradition.
In the contemporary Chinese ink discourse, what began as an exploration of the Chinese cultural identity, as
well as the position of the Chinese art history in a world art historical context, had evolved into a dynamic
pluralism acknowledging cultural complexity and the individual identity within, as Nan Qi’s art has revealed.
The important new exhibition series in Singapore will help to further these directions in a transnational space.
The title of this essay is the literal translation of Nan Qi’s name – the southern streams.
Kwok Kian Chow
Kwok Kian Chow is a writer, curator and museum and collection development consultant. He was the founding
director of the Singapore Art Museum and the National Art Gallery Singapore, where he is currently senior
advisor. He has written and presented extensively on museum issues and Asian art history.
16
Black ‘Nan’ RMB Currency (墨色“南”字人民币) 2013Ink on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash 108 x 70 cm
Recent works
18
Red ‘Nan’ RMB Currency (红色“南”字人民币) 2013Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash 108 x 70 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
20
Colored ‘Nan’ RMB Currency (花色“南”字人民币) 2013Ink on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash108 x 70 cm
RMB Currency Symbol (人民币符号) 2012Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash 81 x 98 cmPrivate Collection, SingaporePages 22-23
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
24
3D Female Soldier (3D女兵) 2013Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash103 x 70 cm
Overlapping Five Stars (叠着的五个五星) 2013Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash103 x 70 cmPage 26
Pentagram in Ink and Wash (水墨红五星) 2013Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash103 x 70 cmPage 27
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
28
New Chinese Landscape Series No. 1 (新中国山水系列之一) 2012Ink on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash70 x 108 cmPrivate Collection, Singapore
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
30
Red Credit Card (红色信用卡) 2011Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash72 x 108 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
32
Credit Card No.1 (信用卡 No.1) 2010Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash172 x 124cm
Credit Card No.2 (信用卡 No.2) 2010Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash172 x 124 cm
Credit Card No.3 (信用卡 No.3) 2011Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash172 x 124 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
34
1953 Chinese Bank Note A (1953中国钱币A) 2010Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash 172 x 124 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
38
Nan Qi’s Dot A/B/C (南溪晕点A/B/C) 2013Colour on rice paper 70 x 70 cm (each)
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
40
Fortune Dot (福点) 2006Ink and Tibetan incense on rice paper 155 x 124 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
42
Portrait of Chairman Mao (毛主席像) 2006Ink on rice paper 154 x 124 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
44
1949 Portrait of Chairman Mao (1949 毛主席像) 2009Colour on rice paper 158 x 123 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
46
One Thousand RMB Note No.2 (千元大钞No.2) 2008Colour on rice paper 124 x 248 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
48
Horse Racing (马照跑) 2013Colour on rice paper124 × 248 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
50
Chinese Female Soldier A/B (中国女兵A/B) 2013Colour on rice paper70 x 70 cm (each)
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
52
Yangtze River Three Gorges (长江三峡) 2013Colour on rice paper46 x 96 cm
Guilin Lijiang Landscape (桂林漓江山水) 2013Colour on rice paper46 x 96 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
53
South China Sea Southern Heaven Rock (南海南天一柱) 2013Colour on rice paper46 x 96 cm
Mt. Everest (珠穆朗玛峰) 2013Colour on rice paper46 x 96 cm
54
Yellow River Hukou (黄河壶口) 2013Colour on rice paper46 x 96 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
57
NAN Qi (Born in 1960) Yongkang, Zhejiang, China
Education
1986 Graduated from the Chinese painting course at People’s Liberation Army Fine Arts Academy,
Beijing, China
Lives and works in China
Awards and Distinctions
2003 “The 2nd Golden Award Exhibition of Chinese Art” Excellence Award, Chinese Federation
of Literature, Yanhuang Art Museum, Beijing, China
2002 “European International Fine Arts Exchange” Contribution Award, Rotterdam, Netherlands
2000 “Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau 2000 Art Exhibition” Best Work Award, City University,
Hong Kong
1999 “The 9th Chinese National Art Exhibition” Excellence Award, National Museum of Art,
Beijing, China
1996 “19th Japanese International Art Exhibition” Special Association Award, Ginza Art Museum,
Tokyo, Japan
1988 “Great Wall Exhibition” Second Prize, National Museum of Art, Beijing, China
1987 “Celebratory Exhibition for the 60th Anniversary of the People’s Liberation Army” Excellence
Award, National Museum of Art, Beijing, China
2009 Presidential Prize in the 41st Korean Culture and Art Prize, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and
Tourism, Seoul, Korea
Solo Exhibitions
2013 “Authority Sex Money”, Art Plural Gallery, Singapore
2011 “Digital Ink Images: Art by Nan Qi”, Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai, China
“Eerie 3-D: 3-D Ink Fine Art by Nan Qi”, G-Dot Art Space, Songzhuang, Beijing, China
2006 “Ink and Sex Series: Works by Nan Qi”, Yisulang Gallery, Singapore
1998 “Landscape and Seascape: Nan Qi Ink Painting Exhibition”, Hong Kong Arts Centre, Hong Kong
1997 “Ink Paintings by Nan Qi”, Xianggena Gallery, Shanghai, China
1989 “Landscape Paintings by Nan Qi”, National Museum of Art (Confucius Temple), Beijing, China
58
1980 Chinese Bank Note A (1980中国钱币A) 2010Colour on rice paper - 3D images in ink and wash 172 x 124 cm
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
60
Selected Group Exhibitions
2013 “In Retrospect - An Exhibition of Works by Nan Qi, Cai Guangbin, and Zhang Quan” G-Dot Art
Space, Songzhuang, Beijing, China
“Re-History: Chinese Contemporary Art Invitational Touring Exhibition”, Shenzhen Art Museum,
Shenzhen, China; G-Dot Art Space, Beijing, China; Today Art Museum, Beijing, China
“Ink New Dimension: 1st Nomination Exhibition of Chinese Contemporary Ink” Contemporary
International Art Fair Miami, USA
“Re-History: Chinese Contemporary Art Invitational Touring Exhibition”, Shenzhen Art Museum,
Shenzhen, China; G-Dot Art Space, Beijing, China; Hubei Art Museum, Hubei, China
2012 The China Art Federation’s “China Art Exhibition”, Royal Academy of Art, London, UK
2011 Art Beijing 2011 Contemporary Art Fair, Chinese Agricultural Exhibition Centre, Beijing, China
2010 4th Beijing International Art Biennale, National Museum of Art, Beijing China International Gallery
Expo, China World Trade Center, Beijing, China
Art Beijing 2010 Contemporary Art Fair, Chinese Agricultural Exhibition Centre, Beijing, China
Beijing Biennale 2010, Caochangdi Art Gallery, Beijing, China
“Through History” Contemporary Art Invitational Exhibition, G-Dot Art Space, Songzhuang, Beijing
2009 “Historical Image” Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition, Shenzhen Art Museum, Shenzhen; Hubei
Contemporary Art Gallery, Hubei, China
China International Gallery Expo, China World Trade Center, Beijing, China
Art Beijing 2009 Contemporary Art Fair, Chinese Agricultural Exhibition Centre, Beijing, China
2008 3rd Beijing International Art Biennale, National Museum of Art, Beijing, China
“Songzhuang Life” Autumn Exhibition, Songzhuang Art Centre, Beijing, China
“Catharsis” Invitational Exhibition, LDX Gallery, Beijing, China
“Ink/Not Ink” Chinese Contemporary Ink Painting Invitational Exhibition, Shenzhen Art Museum,
Shenzhen, China; Today Art Museum, Beijing, China; Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts,
Philadelphia, USA
6th Shenzhen International Ink Painting Biennale, Shenzhen Art Museum, Shenzhen, China
“Asia in Harmony” 23rd Asian International Art Exhibition, City Art Museum of the Guangzhou
Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou, China
“Chinese Contemporary Portraits – Chinese Ink” Invitational Exhibition, Mingyuan Art Center,
Shanghai, China
Art Beijing, China
Contemporary Art Fair, Chinese Agricultural Exhibition Centre, Beijing, China
“Chinese Desires: Li Jin, Wu Yi, Nan Qi”, The Luxe Art Museum, Singapore
2007 3rd Chengdu Biennale, Contemporary Art Museum, Chengdu, China
The 2nd Invitational Exhibition of the Songzhuang Ink Painters Society, Songzhuang East Arts
Centre, Beijing, China
2006 2nd “Exhibition of Chinese Art Today”, National Museum of Art, Beijing, China
“Contemporary Ink” Invitational Exhibition, Songzhuang East Arts Centre, Beijing “Ink and Sex”
Invitational Exhibition, A.R.T. Gallery, Beijing, China
“Waves: Contemporary Chinese Ink and Wash Methods”, Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts,
Tianjin, China
“Chinese Ink and Wash Documenta 1976-2006”, Nanjing National Museum, Nanjing, China
2005 2nd Beijing International Art Biennale, National Museum of Art, Beijing, China
“Extreme Brushwork: Leading Fine Arts Ink and Wash Invitational Exhibition, Today Art Museum,
Beijing, China
“New Expressionist” Chinese Ink Painting Invitational Exhibition
2004 National Museum of Art, Beijing, China
4th Shenzhen International Ink Painting Biennale: Ink/Wash and the City, Shenzhen Art Museum,
Shenzhen, China
“New Works by Six New Expressionist Chinese Painters”, Yisulang Gallery, Singapore
Foreword
Introduction
Recent works
Curriculum Vitae
Acknowledgements
61
2003 1st Beijing International Art Biennale, National Museum of Art, Beijing, China
“New Expressionist” Chinese Ink Painting Invitational Exhibition 2003, Yan Huang Art Museum,
Beijing, China
2002 3rd Shenzhen International Ink Painting Biennale: Ink/Wash and the City, Guan Shanyue Museum,
Shenzhen, China
2000 2nd Shenzhen International Ink Painting Biennale: Ink/Wash and the City, Guan Shanyue Museum,
Shenzhen, China
1990 “Exhibition of Chinese Paintings by Liu Dawei and Nan Qi”, Changfugong Arts Centre,
Beijing, China
Publications
2013 “Nan Qi”, Catalogue for the Authority Sex Money exhibition, Art Plural Gallery, Singapore
2012 “Nan Qi: Contemporary Ink Painting”, Catalogue for the China Art Exhibition, Royal Academy
of Art, London, UK
2011 Cover Story, Oriental Art: Master. March 2011. Issue 225
Cover Story, Oriental Art: Chinese Painting. November 2011. Issue 242
2009 Cover Story: “City Index”, Map Magazine. June 2009. Issue 96
Cover Story: “Nan Qi: Speaking from a Bottle of Red Wine”, Loft Art. October 2009. Vol 9. No.10
“Conjunction of East and West: Ink and Wash Works by Nan Qi”, Exhibition Catalogue
2008 Cover Story: “Nan Qi”, Asian Art News. Aug 2008. Vol 18. No. 4
2007 Cover Story, Guohua Dajia. December 2007. Issue 9
2006 Cover Story, Art Guide. Issue 3. Beijing Chinese Art Publications.
2005 “Historic Taiwanese Architecture” Set of 5 stamps designed by Nan Qi and Tian Liming,
Hong Kong. In circulation from January 30th
63
Foreword
by Mr Chong Huai Seng
Introduction
by Mr Kwok Kian Chow
Special Thanks
to Mr Chong Huai Seng
Conception
Carole de Senarclens
Frédéric de Senarclens
Vijaya Krishnan
Editing Support
Surinna Lai
Lara Sedbon
Wang Xiaofan
Graphic Design
mostra-design.com
Photo Credits
The Artist
Printed in Singapore
Dominie Press Pte Ltd
Edition of 1000 copies
Published in 2013
© the artist and the author
ISBN 978-981-07-8040-1
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