Name index - Cambridge University Pressassets.cambridge.org/97805218/68259/index/9780521868259_index… · Name index 261 Coase, Ronald H., 120 , 129 Cochran, Ian, 130 Connor, Steven,

260

Name index

Abrams, Burton A., 75 Acheson, Keith, 170 Adams, Jeff, 190 Adler, Moshe, 87 Adorno, Theodor, 6 , 13 , 90 , 104 Aicken, Michelle, 156 Akagawa, Natsuko, 130 Alexander, Judith A., 213 Alper, Neil O., 87 , 190 Anderson, Brigitte, 213 Anderson, Maxwell L., 130 Antonia, Alexis, 213 Aoyama, Yuko, 105 Appadurai, Arjun, 169 , 170 Appleby, Sir Humphrey, 32 Arnold, Matthew, 14 , 30 Arrow, Kenneth, 129 Ascenção, Mário, 156 Ashenfelter, Orley, 129

Bailey, Christopher, 144 Bakhshi, Hasan, 96 , 97 , 105 , 229 Balsas, Carlos J.L., 145 Baniotopoulou, Evdoxia, 145 Baraldi, Sara B., 129 Barrowclough, Diana, 198 Baum, Tom, 156 Baumol, William J., 69 , 86 ,

105 , 189 Becker, Gary, 182 , 190 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 69 Bellamy, Carol, 170 Benhamou, Françoise, 87 , 128 ,

170 , 180 Bennett, Dawn, 190 Bennett, Jeff, 31 Bennett, Oliver, 232 , 236 Bentham, Jeremy, 18 Besen, Stanley M., 203 , 213 Bille, Trine, 85 , 144

Blackwell, Alison, 190 Blake, Adam, 155 Blakey, Julie, 31 Bland, Roger, 129 Blaug, Mark, 66 , 86 Bolton, Richard, 86 Boorsma, Peter B., 86 Borgonovi, Francesca, 76 Bornon, Julien, 170 Bowen, William G., 69 , 86 , 189 Bowery, Kathy, 213 Boyle, Stephen, 86 Brighton, Andrew, 86 Briguglio, Lino, 156 Brooks, Arthur C., 57 , 75 , 87 Browell, Anthony, 145 Brown, Katrina, 156 Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 114, 129 194 Bryan, Jane, 94 Bryant, William D.A., 87 Burnaford, Gail A., 190 Burney, Fanny, 146 , 155 Burrows, Paul, 213 Bussell, Helen, 87 Bustamante, Enrique, 13

Cahir, Linda C., 213 Cannon-Brookes, Peter, 128 Carman, John, 230 Carnegie, Garry D., 230 Carson, David, 156 Castells, Manuel, 3 , 13 Cavanagh, Richard, 31 Caves, Richard E., 89 , 104 Cernia, Michael, 155 Champarnaud, Luc, 190 Chan, Tak Wing, 31 Chantepie, Philippe, 213 Cheng, Sao-Wen, 128 Choi, Andy S., 31

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Name index 261

Coase, Ronald H., 120 , 129 Cochran, Ian, 130 Connor, Steven, 31 Coombs, H.C., 65 Costanza, Robert, 128 Coulson, N. Edward, 128 Cowell, Ben, 130 Cowen, Tyler, 87 Cunningham, Stuart, 96 , 105 , 229 Curran, James, 86

Dalrymple, Lynn, 190 Davies, Ben, 128 Delacroix, Jacques, 170 de Monchaux, John, 128 Deodhar, Vinita, 128 DeVereaux, Constance, 86 Dodds, Eric R., 180 Donegan, Mary, 144 Drew, Philip, 145 Dubuffet, Jean, 214 , 229 Du Cros, Hilary, 156 Dunlop, Stewart, 104 Dwyer, Larry, 155

Edwards-Jones, Gareth, 128 Ellis, Adrian, 85 Engelsman, Steven, 86

Farchy, Joëlle, 170 , 213 Feld, Alan, 77 , 87 Filer, Randall, 230 Fisher, David, 153 , 156 Flew, Terry, 104 Flôres, Renato, 225 , 230 Florida, Richard, 136–137 , 144 Forbes, Deborah, 87 Freestone, Robert, 104 Frey, Bruno S., 56 , 61 , 85 , 87 ,

129 , 130 Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko, 230 Funer, Eric, 170 Fyall, Alan, 130

Gaber, Ivor, 86 Galloway, Susan, 86 , 103 , 104 , 105 Galt, Frederick S., 170 Garcia, Beatriz, 232 , 236 Garnham, Nicholas, 13 , 104 Geber, Kati, 130

Gee, Constance Bumgarner, 190 Gehry, Frank, 140 Getty, J. Paul, 140 Gibson, Chris, 104 Gibson, Johanna, 213 Gilmore, Audrey, 156 Ginsburgh, Victor A., 190 Giotto di Bondone, 100 Glass, Aaron, 170 Goldthorpe, John H., 31 Gordon, Christopher, 129 Graber, Caristoph B., 170 Graddy, Kathryn, 129 Grant, Peter S., 170 Gratton, Chris, 156 Green, Michael, 13 Greenfi eld, Jeanette, 170 Grenier, Robert, 130 Gumucio, Mariano B., 13

Hahn, Michael, 170 Hall, Peter, 136 , 144 Harmon, David, 128 Harranz, Joaquin, 230 Harrison, David, 156 Hartley, John, 13 , 104 Harvey, Lee, 190 Hayes, Nicky, 13 Hearn, Greg, 31 Hebert, Jim, 230 Heckathorn, Douglas D., 230 Heilbrun, James, 86 Hesmondhalgh, David, 13 , 104 Higgs, Peter, 96 , 105 , 229 Hodur, Nancy M., 156 Hoffman, Barbara T., 128 Holden, John, 62 , 85 , 86 Hollister, Virginia, 229 Holzer, Jenny, 142 Horkheimer, Max, 6 , 13 , 90 , 104 Howkins, John, 13 Hu Jintao, 191 , 198 Hughes, Howard L., 155 Hughes, Patricia N., 75 Hui, Desmond, 230 Huijgh, Ellen, 104 Huntington, Samuel P., 180 Hurt, Robert M., 212 Hussain, Salman, 128 Hutter, Michael, 31 , 128






Name index262

Irby, Paul, 230 Ivey, Bill, 130 Izushi, Hiro, 105

Jackson, Maria R., 230 Jacobs, Jane, 136 , 144 Jameson, Frederic, 232 , 236 Jansson, AnnMari, 128 Jay, Anthony, 32 , 56 Jeffri, Joan, 229 , 230 Jegen, Reto, 87 Jelin, Elizabeth, 144 Jennings, Simon, 1 , 13 Johnston, Alison, M., 156 Johnston, Robert J., 156 Jones, Calvin, 155 Jowell, Tessa, 85 Joyce, James, 100

Kabwasa-Green, Florence, 230 Keaney, Emily, 85 Keeble, David, 31 Keynes, John Maynard, 64 , 65 ,

86 , 157 King, Karen, 66 , 86 Kirby, Sheila N., 213 Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara, 130 Klamer, Arjo, 129 Klimis, George M., 213 Kokkranikal, Jithendran, 156 Kozul-Wright, Richard, 213 Kozul-Wright, Zeljka, 198 , 213 Kretschmer, Martin, 213

LaBute, Neil, 181 , 190 Lam, Peng E., 170 Landes, William M., 212 , 213 Landry, Charles, 139 , 145 Lazzeretti, Luciana, 144 Leask, Anna, 130 Leibowitz, Stan, 213 Leichenko, Robin M., 128 Leistritz, F. Larry, 156 Levine, Daniel B., 212 Lewis, Justin, 13 , 236 Liberos, Marion, 155 Lichfi eld, Nathaniel, 113 , 129 Liikkanen, Mirja, 230 Lindberg, Kreg, 156 Listokin, David, 128

Long, Veronica, 153 , 156 Lowe, Nicola, 144 Luksetich, William A., 75 Lynn, Jonathan, 32 , 56

Macleod, Donald V.L., 156 MacMillan, Fiona, 213 MacNeice, Louis, 171 , 180 Madden, Christopher, 230 Mann, Thomas, 131 , 144 Markusen, Ann, 104 , 144 Marquis, Alice G., 86 Marshall, Alfred, 137 , 144 Marx, Karl, 235 Mason, Randall, 128 Massieu, Antonio, 155 Matarasso, François, 198 Maule, Christopher, 170 Maurice, Clare, 170 McCain, Roger, 129 McCarthy, Kevin F., 86 McCaughey, Claire, 230 McGuigan, Jim, 13 , 231 , 236 McKee, David L., 156 McKenna, Wayne, 213 McKercher, Bob, 156 McKinley, Terry, 230 McLean, Don, 231 McLellan, Rory, 156 McMaster, Sir Brian, 57 ,

62 , 86 McVittie, Eric, 97 Meadows, Donella H., 198 Meier, Richard, 141 , 145 Meier, Stephan, 130 Meis, Scott, 155 Menger, Pierre-Michel, 81 , 87 Micelli, Stefano, 155 Michel, Philippe, 190 Miles, Steven, 144 Miller, Toby, 13 , 232 , 236 Minghetti, Valeria, 155 Mitchell, Joni, 106 Montgomery, Sarah S., 87 Moore, Mark H., 61 , 85 Moretti, Andrea, 155 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 100 Mumford, Lewis, 136 , 144 Munday, Max, 155 Murdoch, Iris, 58 , 85






Name index 263

Murphy, Peter, 104 Musgrave, Richard, 85 Myerscough, John, 13

Navrud, Ståle, 129 Negrey, Cynthia, 144 Netzer, Dick, 86 , 87 Nijkamp, Peter, 31 , 113 , 129 Noonan, Douglas S., 129 Nutley, David, 130 Nye, Joseph S., 170

Oakley, Kate, 190 Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, 129 Obuljen, Nina, 173 , 180 O’Connor, Justin, 13 , 85 , 104 O’Hare, Michael, 76 , 77 , 87 , 213

Paddison, Ronan, 144 Paine, Albert Bigelow, 212 Palazuelos, Manuel, 144 Papandrea, Franco, 31 , 170 Pattanaik, Prasanta, 230 Peacock, Alan, 128 Peck, Jamie, 144 Peltier, Stéphanie, 180 Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, 174 Peterson, Richard A., 24 , 31 Petley, Julian, 86 Pignatoro, Giacomo, 230 Plaza, Beatriz, 145 Pope, Alexander, 213 Porter, Michael, 137 , 144 Posner, Richard A., 212 Potts, Jason, 105 Pratt, Andy C., 13 , 104 , 190 Prevots, Naima, 170 Provins, Allan, 129 Purnell, James, 86

Quinn, Bernadette, 144

Rahel, Shafi e, 13 Raskind, Leo J., 203 Rausch, Stephen, 144 Rayward, W. Boyd, 130 Ready, Richard C., 129 Richards, Greg, 145 Richmond, Yale, 170 Riley, Charles A., 128

Rizzo, Ilde, 128 Roberts, Anneke, 155 Robertson, Iain, 170 Robinson, Michael D., 87 Rocchi, Cesare, 130 Rochelandet, Fabrice, 213 Roodhouse, Simon, 31 Rose, Mark, 213 Rosen, Sherwin, 87 Ross, Malcolm, 190 Rothfi eld, Lawrence, 57 , 231 ,

234 , 236 Rushton, Michael, 86 , 180 Ryan, Chris, 156

Salganik, Matthew J., 230 Salop, Steven C., 213 Santagata, Walter, 145 Sasaki, Masayuki, 104 Scafi di, Susan, 213 Schmitz, Mark D., 75 Schuchman, Robert M., 212 Schultz, Theodore, 182 , 190 Schulze, Günther G., 85 , 144 Schuster, J. Mark, 77 , 80 , 86 , 87 ,

128 , 230 , 232 Scott, Allen J., 144 Scott, Carol, 130 Scullion, Adrienne, 232 , 236 Seaman, Bruce A., 85 , 104 ,

189 , 190 Segers, Katia, 104 Selwood, Sara, 85 Sen, Amartya, 192 , 198 Senie, Harriet F., 213 Serra, Richard, 142 , 203 Shim, Doobo, 57 Shipley, Robert, 128 Shockley, Gordon E., 128 Sigala, Marianna, 155 Simmie, James, 97 Smeral, Egon, 155 Smith, Adam, 181 Smith, Laurajane, 130 Solow, Robert, 129 Söndermann, Michael, 57 Sperry, Brooke, 190 Stark, Peter, 144 Stenou, Katérina, 180 Sterling, J. Adrian, 213






Name index264

Strati, Anastasia, 130 Stratton, Peter, 13 Strom, Elizabeth, 57

Tabarrok, Anton, 87 Taylor, Peter, 156 Thorpe, Jeremy, 129 Throsby, David, 30 , 31 , 85 , 87 , 104 ,

128 , 129 Thrush, David, 190 , 229 Thurow, Lester C., 57 Tisdell, Clement, 128 , 130 , 156 Toepler, Stefan, 130 Tohmo, Timo, 85 Towse, Ruth, 56 , 128 , 190 , 212 , 213 Turnor, Richard, 170 Twain, Mark, 199 , 212 Twidale, Michael B., 130 Tyrrell, Timothy J., 156

Ulibarri, Carlos A., 128 Upton, Andrew, 88 , 104 Utzon, Joern, 140

van Bruggen, Coosje, 145 van der Ploeg, Frederick, 86 van der Wielen, Niki, 86

Van Gogh, Vincent, 113 van Hemel, Annemoon, 86 Varian, Hal R., 213 Vickery, Jonathan, 144

Wall, Geoffrey, 153 , 156 Wallis, Roger, 213 Wassall, Gregory H., 87 , 190 Weil, Stephen E., 130 Weinberg, Adam, 170 West, Edwin G., 86 Wiesand, Andreas, 57 Wilding, Michael, 13 Williams Moore, Gaylen, 85 Wilson, Clevo, 130 Wilson, Julie, 145 Winter, Tim, 156 Wolnizer, Peter W., 230 Wood, Chris, 170

Young, Gregory, 144 Yudice, George, 232 , 236

Zan, Luca, 129 Zednik, Anita, 31 Zuidhof, Peter-Wim, 129






265

Subject index

access, as objective of arts policy, 43 , 64 , 66 , 69 , 76

actors, 27 , 67 , 80 , 138 , 166 , 188 , 202 , 220

advertising industry, 26–27 , 92 aesthetic value, 16 , 20 , 21 aesthetics, 18 , 55 , 112 Afghanistan, 13 agglomeration externalities, 97 ,

132 , 138 Agra, 132 agriculture, 6 Alliance Française, 168 anthropologists, 31 antitrust legislation, 101 archaeological sites, 147 , 151 archaeologists, 22 , 155 archaeology, 166 architectural historians, 22 architecture, 2 , 29 , 92 , 135 , 140–142 archives, 23 , 124 Arlington, 113 arm’s length principle, 64 , 70–71 art critics, 22 art historians, 31 art history, 18 art market, 121 , 170 , 221 art schools, 23 , 186–188 artists

appropriation by, 202 as cultural workers, 23 as dreamers, 179 careers of, 188 copyright and, 194 creativity of, 187–188 education of, 186–188 in developing countries, 196–197 in schools, 185 , 190 in urban economy, 136–137 , 144 in value chain, 25

incomes of, 5 , 80–83 , 187 international mobility of, 157 ,

166–168 labour market behaviour, 80–83 ,

95–96 labour market interventions for, 51 moral rights of, 48 multiple job-holding, 80 , 82 new technologies and, 3 output of, 21 professional, 218–220 professional rights of, 49 statistics on, 217–220 support for, 60 , 64 , 66 , 69 , 82–83 tax measures affecting, 77 training of, 45 , 51 work-preference model of, 81

arts as core of the cultural sector, 26 ,

27–28 cultural diversity and, 178 economic importance of, 5 , 61 employment in, 39 festivals, 132 , 133 , 147 , 149 , 156 high/popular, 2 , 58 , 90 in international relations, 167–168 in urban development, 131–132 indirect support for, 73–80 involvement in, 221–222 not-for-profi t fi rms in, 23 participation in, 221–222 policy, 1–2 , 7 , 14–15 , 58–85 policy objectives for, 42–43 public support for, 17–20 , 35–37 ,

47 , 58–85 , 60 , 63–80 , 123 , 143 , 167–168 , 218 , 223–224

subsidies to, 35 , 38 , 46 sustainability of, 135 value of, 17–20






Subject index266

Arts Council of Great Britain, 1 , 64 , 66 , 170

arts-council model, 64–73 artworks, 21–22 , 200–201

as cultural goods, 16 as heritage, 121–124 censorship of, 49 international trade in, 157 ,

158–166 moral rights in, 48 sales of, 53 value of, 21–22 , 112 , 222–223

Asia, 139 , 170 assignment problem, 45 Association of Collegiate Schools of

Planning, 144 Australia

and Cultural Diversity Convention, 176 , 180

arts-council model in, 64 arts funding in, 5 creative industries in, 88 cultural policy in, 103 orchestras in, 73

Australia and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classifi cation (ANZSIC), 216

Australia Council, 65

Bali, 153 Bamiyan Buddhas, 13 Bangkok, 155 , 193 Baumol’s disease, 69 Bayreuth, 132 Beijing, 198 benefi t transfer, 110 bequest value, 19 , 44 , 110 , 125 Berlin, 139 Berne Convention, 199 Bilbao, 131 , 140–142 biodiversity, 108 , 114 , 151 ,

172 , 195 blockbusters, 123 Bolivia, 1 Bologna, 139 British Broadcasting Corporation

(BBC), 1 , 61 , 170 British Council, 167 British Museum, 166 broadcasting, 23 , 46 , 72 , 92

Brundtland Commission, see World Commission on Environment and Development

Brundtland Report, 114, 129, 194 Buenos Aires, 139 business models, 149 , 209 business start-ups, 50

Canada, 64 , 159 , 170 , 229 Canada Council, 64 capacity building, 143 , 178 , 197 , 211 Caribbean, 153–154 censorship, 49 census data, 218–219 Central Bank, 45 Central Product Classifi cation (CPC),

215 Chicago, 182 China, 41 , 132 , 170 , 198 choice modelling, 20 , 110 , 129 Christie’s, 129 cities of art, 134 Classifi cation of Economic Activities

in the European Community (NACE), 215

climate change, 29 clowns, 179 Club of Rome, 194 Coase Theorem, 120 collecting societies, see copyright Colombia, 139 , 227 communications technologies, see new

communications technologies comparative advantage, 160 composers, 25 , 96 , 200 , 201 , 202 ,

206 computable general equilibrium

models, 27 , 148 concentric circles model

and artists, 96 , 187 and arts policy, 59 , 102 , 143 and music industry, 31 as model of cultural industries,

26–28 , 91–93 conservatoria, 23 , 186–188 consumer expenditure, 220–221 consumer sovereignty, 60 , 70 consumers

as components of cultural sector, 24 assistance to, 47 , 66 , 70 , 78






Subject index 267

copyright and, 203 , 205 , 207 evaluation by, 18 , 21 , 108 new technologies and, 3 , 5 , 83 ,

208–209 protection of, 121 statistics on, 55 , 220–222

consumers’ surplus, 31 , 109, 128 content quotas, 34 , 41 , 49 ,

52 , 55 , 210 contingent valuation methods, 20 , 54 ,

110–111 , 185 contract law, 101 Convenio Andrés Bello, 227 Convention on the Protection and

Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions , see Cultural Diversity Convention

copyright, see also intellectual property

as monopoly right, 201 Berne Convention, 199 collecting societies and, 203–207 droit de suite, 202 economic basis of, 200–203 employers and, 202 encryption, 208 fair dealing, 202 GATS and, 209 in cultural goods, 16 in cultural industries, 91 in government administration, 29 in economic development, 210–211 international regulation of,

209–210 law, 36 , 48 , 101 , 201 moral rights and, 203–212 neighbouring rights and, 202 new technologies and, 208–209 origins of, 209 piracy and, 208–209 resale royalty, 202 Rome Convention on, 209 TRIPs and, 210 Universal Copyright Convention

on, 209 watermarking and, 208

cost disease, 69 cost-benefi t analysis

in education, 182 , 183 , 186 in heritage, 108 , 115–117

crafts, 58 craftspeople, 220 creative cities, 29 , 39 , 139–140 creative class, 136–137 creative clusters, 51 , 101 , 132 ,

137–138 creative economy, 5–7 , 38 , 98 , 143 ,

188 , 193 Creative Economy Report, 193 Creative Nation, 88 creative goods, see cultural goods creative ideas

architecture and, 29 artists and, 15 , 91–93 , 187 as public goods, 35 copyright and, 199 diffusion of, 26 , 97 , 98 , 101 innovation and, 96 in value chain, 25 market for, 21

Creative New Zealand, 65 creative occupations, 39 , 96 , 217 creative trident, 96 creative workers

incomes of, 53 minimum wages for, 51 movement of, 95–96 training of, 29 , 45

creative writing, 29 creativity

artistic, 91 and cultural diversity, 174 defi nition of, 6 , 15–16 in creative clusters, 132 , 137–138 in creative industries, 90 , 97 in education, 185 in new economy, 88 , 103 , 187–188 statistics for, 226

crowding-in, 75 crowding-out, 75 cultural capital

as heritage, 106–128 defi nition of, 107 diversity and, 171–173 in cities, 132–135 in sustainable development, 195 protection of, 162–163 tourism and, 151 valuation of, 222–223

cultural capitals of Europe, 139






Subject index268

cultural consumption, see also consumers

changing nature of, 5 statistics for, 220–222

cultural content, 26 , 29 , 33 , 91–93 cultural diplomacy, 166–168 cultural districts, 134 , 138 Cultural Diversity Convention

adoption of, 176 and cultural trade, 161–165 and new policy framework, 234 origins of, 175–176 , 192 policy implications of, 44 ,

177–180 , 225 sustainability and, 194–196

cultural diversity, see also Cultural Diversity Convention, 171–180

and social policy, 29 as public good, 172 as source of cultural value, 43–44 between countries, 174 defi nition of, 174 , 177 heritage and, 114 in new policy framework, 182–183 in sustainable development,

195–196 measurement issues in, 180 ,

225–226 origins of, 173–175 statistics on, 225–226 Universal Declaration on, 174–175 value of, 171–173 within countries, 173

cultural exception, 53 , 158–161 cultural exchange, 166–168 cultural goods

and cultural diversity, 175 and economic growth, 98–100 defi nition of, 2 , 15–17 , 89 demand for, 188 , 220–221 distribution of, 24–28 government provision of, 46 in economic development, 194 in interindustry trade, 95 measurement of, 20–22 production of, 24–28 protection of, 162–163 statistics on, 53–55 tax exemptions for, 78 trade in, 28 , 41 , 158–166 , 176 , 177

cultural growth, 99–100 cultural heritage, see heritage cultural identity, 4 , 16 , 20 , 64 , 143 cultural indicators, 224–225 cultural industries, 88–103

and economic growth, 98–100 as infant industries, 36 concentric circles model of, 26–28 ,

31 , 59 , 91–93 , 96 , 102 contribution to growth of, 38 defi nition of, 88–89 economic contribution of, 28–29 ,

93–97 economic impact of, 93 employment in, 39 , 96 in economic development, 193–194 ,

196–198 in urban context, 131–144 industry policy towards, 50–51 labour movements within, 157 role in the economy, 6–7 , 90–93 safeguarding of, 163 statistics for, 215–216 , 227–228 tourism as, 147–149

cultural institutions, 23 government support for, 46 public vs. private ownership of,

72–73 , 124 visitors to, 83

cultural occupations, 39 , 96 , 217 cultural participation, 47 , 135 cultural pluralism, 44 cultural policy studies, 231–236 cultural products, see cultural goods cultural rights, 48–49 cultural sector, 22–24 cultural studies, 58 , 90 , 231–233 cultural theory, 18 , 31 , 232 cultural trade, 158–166 , 167

and Cultural Diversity Convention, 176

policy, 28 , 52 statistics for, 216–217 US/Canadian, 170

cultural value and growth, 99–100 as basis for arts policy, 60 balancing with economic value, 30 ,

63 , 83 , 102 , 190 , 236 defi nition of, 18–22






Subject index 269

in defi nition of cultural goods, 16 , 31

in satellite accounts, 148 in trade negotiations, 160 measurement of, 54 of heritage, 111–113 , 125 sources of, 42–45

cultural workers, see also creative workers, 23 , 217

culturally sustainable development, 195

culture defi nition of, 16 interpretation of in policy, 2

culture wars, 49 , 71 , 86

dance, 29 , 58 , 68 , 86 , 91 dancers, 80 , 202 deaccessioning, 122 Demos, 62–63 Department for Culture, Media and

Sport (UK), 62 , 90 , 104 désétatisation , see privatisation design, 2 , 29 , 139 , 228 design industry, 26–27 , 29 , 41 , 50 ,

92–93 , 139 development

copyright in, 210–211 culture in, 191–198 policy, 38–39 , 196–198 sustainable, 194–197

digital rights management, 101 digital technologies, see new

communications technologies discount rate, 115 , 116 Disneyfi cation, 118 , 163 distribution, of income, 37 Doha Round, 159 drama, see theatre drama schools, 23 , 186–188 droit de suite , 48 , 122 , 202 droit moral , 203–212

ecology, 151 economic growth

and sustainable development, 194 as government objective, 38–39 in development policy, 192 in industry policy, 50 , 98–100

economic value

balancing with cultural value, 30 , 63 , 83 , 102 , 190 , 236

consumers surplus in, 31 defi nition of, 17–20 in satellite accounts, 148 of heritage, 108–111 monitoring of, 54

economics, 232 , 234–235 ecological, 108 , 110 neoclassical, 20 , 21 , 35 , 70 , 108 ,

234 neoliberal, 3–4 , 34 , 56 ,

233 , 235 of culture, 2 theory, 37 , 67 , 94 , 98 , 107

economists and cultural policy, 160 , 196 and heritage, 107 and regulation, 118 as forecasters, 34–36

ecosystems cultural, 172 natural, 108 , 133 , 151 , 172

eco-tourism, 152 Edinburgh, 132 , 156 editors, 96 education, 181–190

and arts consumption, 188–189 and consumers, 37 and tourism, 154 as industry strategy, 102 compulsory, 183 cost-benefi t analysis in, 182 , 183 ,

186 economics of, 181–183 fi nancing of, 183 for intangible heritage, 125 human capital in, 182–183 ,

186–187 in cultural policy, 1 , 29 , 59 in museums, 123 in new statistical framework, 228 in schools, 184–186 institutions, 23 intergenerational aspects of, 45 of artists, 186–188 policy for schools, 185–186 public goods in, 182 , 185 public investment in, 182–183 social benefi ts of, 182






Subject index270

vocational, 29 , 45 , 51 effi ciency

as policy objective, 34–37 , 38 , 65 of fi rms, 36

elasticity, price of charitable giving, 79–80 , 84–85

Elgin Marbles, 166 embedded workers, 96 , 229 employment, as policy objective,

39–40 , 51 England, 64 , 113 , 210–211 environment

creative industries and, 29 economic growth and, 194 economics of, 110 ecosystems in, 172 satellite accounts for, 227 sustainability and, 135 tourism and, 150

equity, see also intergenerational equity, intragenerational equity, 37–38 , 43 , 65

ERICarts, 168 Europe

arts support in, 64 , 86 cities in, 139 collecting societies in, 213 creative industries in, 89 , 91 cultural capitals of, 139 employment in, 39 tourism in, 152

European Commission, 168 excellence, as objective of arts policy,

42 , 55 , 62 , 64 existence value, 19 , 110 , 125 , 172 experience goods, 16 experts, as judges of value, 22 , 42 ,

71 , 107 export promotion, 52 Extended Balance of Payments

Services Classifi cation (EBOPS), 216

external balance, as policy objective, 41

externalities agglomeration, 97 , 132 , 138 and cultural industries, 50 defi nition of, 35 in heritage 111

in tourism, 150 from creative businesses, 97 from education, 182 valuation of, 54

fashion industry, 26–27 , 92 , 132 Fiji, 153 fi lm, 90 , 92 fi lm industry

and the cultural exception, 158–161 contracts in, 48 copyright in, 208 creative clusters and, 132 , 138 employment in, 40 in cultural exchange, 166 in cultural industries models, 26 ,

90 , 92 moral rights in, 48 subsidies to, 52 value chain and, 25

Finland, 227 fi scal policy, 45–47 Florence, 134 , 144 Food and Agriculture Organisation

(FAO), 24 France, 159 , 203 freedom of speech, 49

galleries, see museums games, 16 , 36 , 50 , 92 , 95 , 105 , 162 gastronomy, 92 , 139 General Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade (GATT), 158–161 General Agreement on Trade in

Services (GATS), 159 , 161 , 209 Getty Center, 141–142 globalisation

as threat to culture, 162 cities and, 144 cultural diversity and, 176 cultural industries and, 103 developing countries and, 191 impacts of, 3–5 opposition to, 160

Goethe Institute, 168 goods and services tax, 78 governance

in museums, 123 in public sector, 70–73

Granada, 134

education (cont.)






Subject index 271

Great Britain, 64 Guggenheim Museum, 131 , 140–142

Harmonised System, 216 Harvard University, 61 health policy, 33 hedonic price analysis, 54 , 128 heritage, 106–128

adaptive re-use of, 117 as cultural capital, 107 as cultural industry, 92 benefi ciaries of, 116–117 bequest value of, 44 ,

110 , 125 built, 117–121 cultural value of, 111–113 defi nition of, 106 Disneyfi cation of, 118 economic value of, 108–111 existence value of, 20 , 125 externalities and, 111 , 137 identity in, 43 in cities, 134–135 in development, 197 intangible, 125–126 international aspects of, 126–127 listing, 109, 119–121 livability and, 135 lobby, 118 moveable, 121–124 natural, 152 non-use value of, 110–111 option value of, 110 , 125 policy, 1 , 49 , 116–117 public support for, 113–127 , regulation of, 118 statistics in, 222–223 , 228 tourism and, 146 , 149 underwater, 128 use value of, 109–110 valorization of, 17 value of, 22 , 108–113

historians, 155 Hollywood, 132 , 138 , 166 Honduras, 176 Hong Kong, 226 hotel industry, 95 human capital, 182–183 ,

186–187 Human Development Reports, 192

human resource management, 28 human rights, 174 , 182

ideas, 35 , 91–93 , 99 identity, 43 , 160 , 174 , 192 impact studies

critique of, 85 of festivals, 133 of tourism, 149–150

import controls, 52 infant industry, 36 , 160 income tax, 77–78 Indian Ocean, 153–154 indicators, 54 , 62 , 135 , 224–225 indigenous people, cultural

rights of, 48 indigenous tourism, 153 industrial organisation theory, 94 industrial relations, 28 industry policy, 50–51 infl ation, 40 information technologies, see new

communications technologies innovation

in arts policy, 42 , 62 , 68 in creative clusters, 137 in the arts, 54 , 99 in the new economy, 6 , 103 knowledge transfers and, 96–97 , 98 media policy and, 29 policy, 101

input-output analysis, 27 , 94–95 , 148 instrumentalism, 62–63 instruments, policy, 32 , 45–53 Intangible Heritage Convention, 125 ,

126–127 intellectual property,

see also copyright, 199–212 and creative industries, 91 as characteristic of cultural goods,

16 , 28 in cultural districts, 138 in international trade, 157 law, 29 , 48

intercultural dialogue, 168–169 , 174 , 182

intergenerational equity, 114 , 195 inter-industry relationships, 94 International Journal of Cultural

Policy , 13






Subject index272

International Standard Classifi cation of Occupations (ISCO), 217

International Standard Industrial Classifi cation (ISIC), 215

internet, 3–4 , 5 , 25 , 36 , 90 , 148 , 158 , 208–209 , 222

intragenerational equity, 114 , 150 , 195

Ireland, 64 Iron Curtain, 167 island tourism, 153–154 Israel, 176 Italy, 129 , 146 Iwo Jima, 113

Japan, 170 Japan Foundation, 168 Jodhpur Initiatives , 193

knowledge transfers, 96–97 , 98 , 101 , 103

Korea, 39

labour market artistic, 80–83 , 87 , 186 , 188 ,

218–220 in cities, 136 in creative industries, 96 policy, 28 , 46 , 51

labour productivity in the arts, 69 language, 48 , 115 , 162–163 , 164 LEAP project, 155 Liberia, 176 libraries, 23 , 46 , 124 lighting designers, 96 Lijiang, 155 listing, see heritage literature, 58 , 91 , 92 , 125 livability, 29 , 135 London

British Museum in, 166 Pantheon in, 146 Tate Modern in, 142 theatre in, 132 , 149 tourism in, 39

Los Angeles, 141–142

manufacturing, 6 market development, 102 market failure, 35–37 , 47 , 126 , 200

market for ideas, 21 matching grants, 75 media

industry, 26 , 90 policy, 1 , 29 , 39 , 49 , 55 , 102

Mediterranean, 153–154 merit good, 60 Mexico City, 1 micro-fi nance, 100 Milan, 132 Millennium Development Goals, 197 Ministry of Culture, 14 , 28 , 63 , 212 mixed goods, 19 monitoring and evaluation, 33 ,

53–55 , 214 monopoly, 204–207 Montreal, 139 moral rights, 48 , 203–212 multicollinearity, 189 multipliers, 149 museums and galleries

collection management in, 122 donations to, 78 education in, 123 , 186 , 190 exhibitions in, 123 fi nancial hardship in, 68 funding of, 64 governance of, 123 government ownership of, 23 ,

46 , 73 in cultural industries, 26 , 92 international exchange in, 157 , 166 location of, 138 moveable heritage in, 121–124 new technologies in, 3 research in, 123 return of cultural property

by, 166 tourism in, 146 , 148 valuation of assets in, 222–223 visitors to, 53 , 62 , 83

music, 164 as intangible heritage, 125 classical, 67 education in, 29 in creative cities, 139 property rights in, 36

music industry in concentric circles model, 91 , 92 piracy in, 3 , 208–209






Subject index 273

producers in, 96 regulation and, 101 value chain in, 24 , 31

music producers, 96 musicians, 80 , 179 , 186 , 187 , 202 ,

220

national defence, 19 National Endowment for the Arts

(US), 71 , 76 , 86 National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration (US), 129 national treasures, 165 National Trusts, 119 natural capital

cultural diversity and, 172 sustainability and, 114 , 133 , 151 theory of, 108

natural monopoly, 36, 205 Netherlands, 73 , 124 network externalities, 97 , 132 , 138 new communications technologies

consumers and, 5 , 83 , 100 copyright and, 208–209 cultural expressions and, 3 cultural producers and, 3 , 100 cultural value and, 100 globalisation and, 4 , 103 in Creative Nation , 88 museums and, 124 , 130 SMEs and, 101 tourism and, 148

New York, 39 , 203 New Zealand, 64 , 110 newspaper industry, 36 Nicaragua, 176 non-government organisations

(NGOs), 23 , 24 non-market goods, see public goods non-pecuniary rewards, 40 , 81 nonprofi t, see not-for-profi t North American Industrial

Classifi cation System (NAICS), 215

not-for-profi t fi rms arts policy and, 59 collecting societies as, 204 donations to, 79 , 84 in cultural sector, 23 industrial organisation and, 94

objectives of, 65 subsidies to, 47 , 68 tax treatment of, 77

not-for-profi t sector, 4

objectives artistic, 41–45 cultural, 41–45 economic, 34–45 in policy process, 32 of arts support, 64–66 of not-for-profi t fi rms, 65

occupational health and safety, 28 , 51 omnivores, 24 opera

access and, 70 as creative art, 58 as cultural industry, 92 as ‘high art’, 58 audiences for, 83 for-profi t fi rms in, 68 subsidies to, 38 tourism and, 152

option value, 19 , 110 , 125 orchestras, 68 , 73 Organisation for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD), 24

outsourcing, 72

Pacifi c Islands, 110 Pacifi c Ocean, 141 , 153–154 painters, 1 , 26 , 179 , 186 , 187 , 220 Pantheon, 146 Paris, 111 , 134 , 166 peer review, 70–71 performing arts venues, 46 , 138 performing companies, 166–168

access to, 70 demand for, 79–80 , 84–85 revenues of, 68

philanthropy, 60 , 73–80 philosophy, 18 photography, 92 piracy, see copyright Pisa, 132 pluralism, 29 Popayan, 139 Portland, 144 Porto, 145






Subject index274

post modernism, 18 poverty alleviation, 37 , 57 , 195 , 197 Prague, 134 precautionary principle, 114 , 121 ,

164 , 173 , 195 price

as indicator of value, 18 , 21 discrimination, 94 shadow, 115 stability as policy objective, 40

private goods, 19–20 , 21 privatisation, 72–73 , 124 product differentiation, 94 Productivity Commission (Australia),

129 professional societies, 23 professionalism in artists, 218–220 property rights, 19 , 36 , 48 , 116 , 200 protection, 34 , 161 protectionism, 161 psychic income, 81 public goods

and arts policy, 82 artistic goods as, 21 copyright and, 200–201 defi nition of, 19–20 demand for, 54 education and, 182 heritage and, 110 , 114 , 125 market failure and, 34 , 109 poverty alleviation as, 57 tourism and, 150

public value, 61 publishing industry, 92

quotas, see content quotas

RAND Corporation, 62 rational addiction, 16 regional development, see urban and

regional development regulation

capture of, 71 , 160 hard, 118 of copyright collecting societies,

207 of heritage, 118 , 125 policy, 48–49 soft, 118

rent seeking, 160

resale royalty, see droit de suite research and development (R&D), 3 ,

42 , 76 restaurant industry, 95 revealed preference, 110 Rome, 111 Rome Convention, 209 Rotterdam, 145

sales tax, 77–78 Salzburg, 132 satellite accounts, 148

for culture, 226–227 science, 5 , 42 , 184 Scotland, 64 , 65 , 103 Scottish Arts Council, 65 sculpture, 48 sculptors, 220 Seattle, 226 Seville, 139 Shanghai, 39 small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs),

23 , 50 , 100 social capital, 44 social cohesion

arts and, 62 cities and, 143 development policy and, 196 diversity and, 44 education and, 183 social welfare policy and, 2 , 29

social networks, 98 , 137 social time preference, 115 social welfare policy, 2 , 29 , 33 sociology, 90 , 232 soft power, 167 Sotheby’s, 129 Soviet Union, 167 spillovers, see externalities sponsorship, 73 sports, 92 St Petersburg, 134 stated preference methods, 110 statistics, 214–229

censuses and use of, 218–219 cultural indicators and use of,

224–225 for creativity, 226 for cultural diversity, 225–226 for cultural industries, 93 , 215–216






Subject index 275

for cultural trade, 216–217 in monitoring and evaluation,

53–55 in urban policy, 144 international comparisons of, 221 ,

224 new framework for, 227–228 on artists, 217–220 on asset valuation, 222–223 on cultural consumption, 220–222 on cultural employment, 217–220 on cultural funding, 223–224 satellite accounts, 226–227 surveys, 219–220 , 221

Stockholm, 174 , 193 storytellers, 179 subsidy

marginal productivity of, 67 to commercial fi rms, 68 to not-for-profi t fi rms, 47 , 68 to the arts, 35 , 38 , 46

superannuation, 51 superstars, 81 sustainability

cities and, 135 , 144 cultural, 151 , 153 , 194–197 ecological, 151 economic, 150 , 153 heritage and, 114–115 , 127 in island economies, 153 tourism and, 150–151

sustainable cities, 131 , 135 sustainable development,

defi nition of, 114–115 cities and, 135

Sydney Opera House, 106 , 140–142 System of National Accounts (SNA),

226

Taj Mahal, 132 Taliban, 13 taste, 188 Tate Modern, 142 tax measures

affecting artists, 77 affecting bequests, 78 affecting donations, 77 , 79–80 ,

84–85 affecting not-for-profi t fi rms, 77 indirect taxes, 78

tax system, arts support through, 47 , 73–80

teachers, 23 , 185 television industry, 24–25 , 27 , 36 , 41 ,

49 , 92 terrorism, 175 theatre

access and, 70 as creative art, 58 as cultural industry, 91 , 92 audiences for, 83 creative clusters and, 138 donations to, 79–80 , 84–85 for-profi t fi rms in, 68 grants to, 67 innovation in, 68 tourism and, 155

threshold carrying capacity, 152 Tilted Arc, 203 tourism, 146–155

and the environment, 150 as an industry, 147–149 , 228 as cultural industry, 92 cultural, defi ned, 146–147 , 152 economic aspects of, 147–151 education in, 154 heritage in, 109 , 116 , 126 , 132 ,

146 , 149 , 155 , 163 impact studies of, 149–150 in market development, 102 indigenous, 153 island, 153–154 local involvement in, 155 mass, 146 , 151–152 National Tourism Strategy, 50 niche, 146 , 152–154 policy, 152 , 154–155 satellite accounts for, 148 , 227 sustainable, 150–151 , 153 threshold carrying capacity, 152

tourists, defi nition of, 147 trade, see also cultural trade

following culture’s lead, 167 in property rights, 157 ,

209 , 211 interindustry, 95 policy, 28 , 41 , 52–53

trade practices legislation, 201 Trade Related Intellectual Property

agreement (TRIPs), 210






Subject index276

traditional knowledge, 125 , 127 , 164 , 193 , 211

training, see education transactions costs, 120 travel-cost analysis, 109 , 128 Treasury, 28 , 45

Underwater Heritage Convention, 130 unions, 23, 220 United Kingdom

creative businesses in, 97 creative industries in, 38 , 88 , 90 ,

104 copyright administration in, 212 cultural policy in, 1 , 5 , 63 , 85 culture wars in, 86 export of heritage items from, 165 ,

170 public value in, 61

United Nations, 24 , 197 United Nations Conference on Trade

and Development (UNCTAD), 13 , 24 , 41 , 57 , 58 , 193

United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 24 , 192

United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), see also Cultural Diversity Convention

creative cities network and, 139 Constitution of, 168 cultural diversity and, 44 , 161–165 ,

173–179 , 225 cultural industries and, 89 , 91 cultural policy and, 1–2 , 24 , 234 development policy and, 13 heritage and, 126 , 129 , 130 Institute for Statistics, 215 Jodhpur Initiatives, 193 LEAP project, 155 statistics and, 227–228 tourism and, 155 World Culture Reports , 193

United States artists’ incomes in, 230 arts funding in, 63 , 75 benefi ts of the arts in, 62 Cultural Diversity Convention

and, 176 , 178

culture wars in, 49 , 71 fi lm industry in, 132 , 138 , 158 , 166 museums in, 122 opposition to, 160 sub-national cultural policy in, 86 US/Canada Free Trade

Agreement, 159 Universal Copyright Convention, 200 Universal Declaration on Cultural

Diversity, 174–175 univores, 24 urban and regional development,

131–144 architecture in, 132 , 140–142 clusters in, 137–138 concepts in, 132–135 contribution of arts to, 131–132 creative class in, 136–137 creativity in, 136–140 cultural capital in, 132–135 cultural industries in, 39 , 40 ,

131–144 heritage in, 134–135 human capital in, 133 infrastructure in, 133–135 , 143 natural capital in, 133 physical capital in, 133 policy in, 29 , 133–140 , 142–144

Uruguay Round, 210 ‘user-pays’ principles, 72

valorization, 17 valuation, 17–22 value, see also economic value,

cultural value, aesthetic, 20 , 112 authenticity, 113 bequest, 19 , 44 , 110 , 125 concept of, 17–22 defi nition of, 17 existence of, 19 , 110 , 125 , 172 historical, 20 , 112 instrumental, 62–63 intrinsic, 62 locational, 113 , 116 non-use, 110–111 option, 19 , 110 , 125 social, 112 spiritual, 20 , 112 symbolic, 20 , 112






Subject index 277

trade-offs in, 56 use, 19 , 109–110

value added tax, 78 , 79 value chain

as value network, 25 , 98 for cultural goods, 24–25 in tourism, 149 policy interventions in, 66 , 69

Venice, 113 , 131 , 134 visual artists, 27 , 95 , 96 , 187 , 188 visual arts

as industry, 91 , 92 droit de suite in, 48 , 122 , 202 employment in, 40 funding of, 67 in education, 29 , 184–186 moral rights in, 48

vocational training, see education Voice of America, 167 volunteering, 74 vouchers, 47 , 70

wages, 34 , 51 Wales, 64 , 94 Washington State Arts

Commission, 226

Waverley Criteria, 165 willingness to pay

for benefi ts of education, 185 for benefi ts of heritage, 44 , 125 for cultural identity, 20 , 43 for non-market benefi ts, 18 , 60 measurement of, 20 , 54 ,

110–111 , 185 work-preference model, 81 World Bank, 24 , 149 World Commission on Culture

and Development, 174 , 192 , 194

World Commission on Environment and Development, 114 , 129 , 194

World Culture Reports, 174 , 193 World Heritage List, 17 , 49 , 126–127 ,

129 , 156 World Intellectual Property

Organisation (WIPO), 24 , 91 , 104 , 202

World Trade Organisation (WTO), 52 , 159 , 165 , 210

writers, 27 , 96 , 179 , 200 , 220






Documents

Name index - Cambridge University Pressassets.cambridge.org/97805218/68259/index/9780521868259_index… · Name index 261 Coase, Ronald H., 120 , 129 Cochran, Ian, 130 Connor, Steven,