Upload
others
View
17
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
MVDC Update
Dr. Norbert DoerryTechnical Directory, Technology Office
December 13, 2018VASCIC, Newport News VA
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 1
Setting the SceneβIn FY2030, the DON plans to start building an affordable follow-on, multi-mission, mid-sized future surface combatant to replace the Flight IIA DDG 51s that will begin reaching their ESLs [Estimated Service Life] in FY2040.β
Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for FY2015
Big differences from DDG 51:β’ High-energy weapons and
sensorsβ’ Flexibility for affordable
capability updates
Photo by CAPT Robert Lang, USN (Ret), from sitehttp://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/swmag/Pages/2014-SNA-Photo-Contest-Winners.aspx
12/5/2018 Approved for Public ReleaseDistribution is Unlimited 2
Power System Considerations
3
βIβm going to buy as much as I can afford. As much power as I can afford. Because I know by the time I retire the ship Iβll use it all.β
Admiral John Richardson31st U.S. Chief of Naval OperationsDirected Energy Summit I March 29, 2017
Buy as much power as you can affordβ’ Power (esp. with electric propulsion) is fundamental to ship
design and affects major components, arrangements, superstructure, compartmentalization, & ship control
The power system must include a better approach to distribution flexibility throughout the shipβs service life; current design practices optimize for current requirements
β’ DDG 1000 has plenty of installed power but a distribution system limited to current requirementsβ’ DDG 51 Flight III includes a costly power system upgrade for AMDR that was not in the original design
The Electric Power System is the Foundation of the Shipβs Kill Chain12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release
Distribution is Unlimited 3
Directed Energy Mission System Power Demands
4
Key to Success = Energy Storage and Advanced Controls
β’ Pulses of a different nature require different ranges of pulse power technologies
β’ Future directed energy demands need common large scale energy storage
GENERATOR CHARGES ENERGY STORAGE
TIME
POW
ER
Energy Storage Response to LoadCurrent Future
β’ Generators operate at continuous loading for efficiency & reliability
β’ Current generators cannot respond quickly and dynamically to new demands
Generator Response to Load
TIME
POW
ER
Kinetic Weapons
Directed Energy Weapons and Sensors
ENERGY STORAGE PROVIDESPULSE POWER
12/5/2018 Approved for Public ReleaseDistribution is Unlimited 4
Naval Power and Energy Systems Technology Development Roadmap
Aligned to the Navyβs 30 year shipbuilding plan and Surface Capability Evolution Plan (SCEP)
Serves as a guide for future investment by Navy, DoD, Industry, and Academia Includes all major product areas for Naval Power Systems
β’ Prime Moversβ’ Generatorsβ’ Energy Storageβ’ Electric Motorsβ’ Distribution Systemsβ’ Power Convertersβ’ Controls
Originally issued in 2007 as part of the stand-up of the Electric Ships Office
Updated and re-issued in 2013 & 2015 2018 Version utilized CPES OIPT input
The Guidebook: NPES TDR
5
2018 Version Currently in chop for SEA00 Signature12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release
Distribution is Unlimited 5
Why Medium Voltage DC?β’ Decouple prime mover speed from power quality
β’ Minimize energy storageβ’ Power conversion can operate at high frequency β Improve power densityβ’ Potentially less aggregate power electronics
β’ Share rectification stages β’ Cable ampacity does not depend on power factor or skin effectβ’ Power Electronics can control fault currents
β’ Use disconnects instead of circuit breakersβ’ Acoustic Signature improvementsβ’ Easier and faster paralleling of generators
β’ May reduce energy storage requirementsβ’ Ability to use high speed power turbines on gas turbines
12/5/2018 Approved for Public ReleaseDistribution is Unlimited 6
Affordably meet electrical power demands of future destroyer
Example MVDC Reference Architecture
12/5/2018 Approved for Public ReleaseDistribution is Unlimited 7
MVDC Voltage Standards
β’ MVDC nominal voltages based on IEEE 1709β’ 6,000 VDCβ’ 12,000 VDC β’ 18,000 VDC
β’ Current levels and Power Electronic Devices constrain voltage selection
β’ 4000 amps is practical limit for mechanical switchesβ’ Power electronic device voltages increasing with time (SiC will lead to great
increase)β’ For now, 12,000 VDC appears a good target β¦β’ Power Quality requirements under development
12/5/2018 Approved for Public ReleaseDistribution is Unlimited 8
Existing MVDC Standards
β’ IEEE 1709-2018 Recommended Practice for 1 kV to 35 kV Medium-Voltage DC Power Systems on Ships
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 9
MVDC Technical Documents in the worksβ’ MIL-STD-1399 section on MVDC
β’ Complete mature draft existsβ’ Industry reviewed multiple timesβ’ Submitted request to start Standards Project to TWH on 11/16/18
β’ MVDC Supplement to T9300-AF-PRO-020 rev 1 Electrical Systems Design Criteria and Practices (Surface Ships) for Preliminary and Contract Design
β’ Early complete draft existsβ’ Industry reviewed early draftsβ’ Incorporating comments and additional information
β’ MVDC Casualty Power System Specificationβ’ Subject of an SBIR
β’ MVDC Grounding Documentβ’ Subject of an STTR
β’ MVDC Fault Detection, Localization, and Isolation Documentβ’ Subject of an STTR
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 10
Discussion Topics for MIL-STD-1399 MVDC sectionβ’ Measurement Methods
β’ Uses moving averages
β’ Verification Methodsβ’ Inrush currentβ’ Voltage Toleranceβ’ Pulse Loadsβ’ Stabilityβ’ Common Mode
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 11
Future MVDC Technical Documents
β’ Power Generation Module Specificationβ’ Draft Functional Requirements Documents exists
β’ Bus Node Specification β’ MVDC Disconnect Specificationβ’ MVDC Circuit Breaker Specification
β’ Cable / Bus Pipe Specificationβ’ Propulsion Motor Module Specificationβ’ PCM-1A / Energy Magazine Specification
β’ Specific Energy Magazine specifications existβ’ MVDC Control System Specificationβ’ DPC for Stability Analysisβ’ Update of MIL-STD-2003 to address MVDC
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 12
Summary
β’ MVDC will comeβ’ Technology is maturingβ’ Standards, Specifications, and
Guides are under development
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 13
Backup
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 14
Steady-State Measurements4.7 Steady-State Measurements. The steady-state DC component shall be calculated as the average value over a 100Β±1 ms moving time window. Steady-state ripple / non-DC component shall be calculated using the same time windows by subtracting the steady-state DC component from the waveform and calculating the root mean square value. The sampling rate shall be constant and sufficient to accurately measure the highest significant frequency component below 10 MHz. A frequency component is significant if it exceeds 5% of the largest frequency component. The time interval between the starts of time windows shall not exceed 20 ms.
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 15
ππππππππ2 (π‘π‘+) =1
ππππππππ β ππππππππ + 1οΏ½ ππ2
ππππππππ
ππ=ππππππππ
(πππ‘π‘β)
πΉπΉππππ (π‘π‘+) =1
ππππππππ β ππππππππ + 1οΏ½ ππππππππππ
ππ=ππππππππ
(πππ‘π‘β)
ππππππππππππππ _ππππππ (π‘π‘+) = οΏ½ππππππππ2 (π‘π‘+)β πΉπΉπ·π·π·π·2 (π‘π‘+)
Ripple4.10 Ripple: Current ripple and current ripple frequency limits shall not be applicable during measurement time windows (see 4.7) that include inrush current, pulses, or when the negotiated values from control negotiations for current rate of change apply. Current ripple and current ripple frequency limits shall also not apply during equipment start-up and shutdown if the number of equipment start-ups and shut downs combined does not exceed 6 per hour on average. Voltage ripple limits shall not be applicable during measurement time windows that include voltage transients.
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 16
Load Change Measurement4.11 Load change measurement: A load change equals the larger of: a. minimum steady-state DC component in the first half of a 2 second time window minus the maximum steady-state DC component in the second half. Negative values are rounded up to 0.0. b. minimum steady-state DC component in the second half of a 2 second time window minus the maximum steady-state DC component in the first half. Negative values are rounded up to 0.0.
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 17
Current rate of change4.8 Current rate of change measurement: The current rate of change shall be calculated as the difference between the average value of the current measurements over the first half of a window and the average value of the current measurements over the second half of a window divided by half the time window duration. The window duration shall be no more than 10 ms and shall consist of a minimum of forty equally spaced current measurement samples. The time interval between the starts of successive time windows shall not exceed 20% of the time window duration.
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 18
5.2.3 Current Rate of Change: Unless otherwise specified in acquisition documentation (see 6.2) the load maximum current rate of change (no control negotiation) is 500 kA/second for load changes (see 4.11) of no greater than 20% of the loadβs rated current. Unless otherwise specified in acquisition documentation (see 6.2) the load maximum current rate of change (no control negotiation) is 3.3 times the rated current per second for step load changes. A step load change is a load change of greater than 20% of the loadβs rated current. The load maximum current rate of change (control negotiation) shall be in accordance with acquisition documentation (see 6.2). The control negotiations may include adjusting the time window value for calculating the Current Rate of Change. The load maximum current rate of change (no control negotiation) and the load maximum current rate of change (control negotiation) shall not apply to a particular load during the loadβs start-up and shutdown if the number of start-ups and shut downs combined for that load does not exceed 6 per hour on average
Current Pulse Detection and Measurement4.9 Current pulse detection and measurement. For a pulse load, pulse detection and current pulse magnitude is based on the short-term average value calculated in an identical manner as for the half-window for the current rate of change measurement (see 4.8). A pulse is detected and its magnitude measured within a pulse window of 2 Β±.001 seconds duration using the algorithms below. The time interval between the starts of successive pulse windows shall equal the time interval between the starts of successive short-term time window used for current rate of change measurements. a. Positive pulse detection. A positive pulse is detected in a pulse window if the maximum short-term average value exceeds both the minimum short-term average values before and after the maximum short-term average value by at least 25 amps. b. Negative pulse detection. A negative pulse is detected in a pulse window if the minimum short-term average value is exceeded by both the maximum short-term average values before and after the minimum short-term average value by at least 25 amps. c. Positive current pulse magnitude. If a positive pulse is detected within the pulse window, the positive current pulse magnitude is the larger of i. The difference between the maximum short-term average and the minimum short-term average values before the maximum short -term average. ii. The difference between the maximum short-term average and the minimum short-term average values after the maximum short-term average. d. Negative current pulse magnitude. If a negative pulse is detected within the pulse window, the negative current pulse magnitude is the larger of: i. The difference between the maximum short-term average before the minimum short-term average and the minimum short-term average. ii. The difference between the maximum short-term average after the minimum short-term average and the minimum short-term average.
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 19
Differentiate a pulse from a step load change
Pulse Loads and Step Load Changes
5.2.4 Pulse loads and step load changes. The load maximum current pulse (no control negotiation) shall be in accordance with acquisition documentation (see 6.2). Loads that do not exceed both the load maximum current pulse (no control negotiation) and the load maximum current rate of change (no control negotiation) are not required to communicate with the electric plant control system for the electrical power system prior to applying the pulse or load change to the interface. Loads that exceed either the load maximum current pulse (no control negotiations) or the load maximum current rate of change (no control negotiation) shall negotiate the maximum current pulse (up to the Load maximum current pulse (control negotiations),maximum current rate of change (up to the Load maximum current rate of change (control negotiations), and the start time of the pulse with the electric plant control system for the electrical power system. The protocols for conducting the negotiations shall be in accordance with acquisition documentation (see 6.2), or if not specified, in a manner approved by NAVSEA. The load maximum current pulse (control negotiation) shall be in accordance with acquisition documentation. (see 6.2)
12/5/2018 Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited 20