Muet Lesson

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LESSON 3 : LISTENING SKILLS II

PART II of the Listening Test can take the form of a short talk or a narrative account of some

events. Look at the example below:

Voice 1: Part II

Voice 2: It's probably one of the most frequently asked questions. Does pain cause poor sleeping patterns or is it the other way around?

According to Robert Oexman, it works both ways. Oexman, the director of US-based Sleep To

Live Institute, says millions of people who suffer from poor sleeping patterns will resort to

medication. Unfortunately, many end up dependent on the drugs, which can, at times, lead todeath.

People who suffer from pain won't have a good night's sleep because they keep tossing and

turning. However, healthy people who are deprived of a good sleep will suffer from pain such as joint pain.

Science has proven that deep, restorative sleep can help awaken one's full potential. It is also

confirmed that sleep is as essential to one's health as diet or exercise. With sufficient quality

sleep, concentration improves, memory gets better, and at a cellular level, your body repairs

damage caused by stress throughout the day.

In other words, your body recharges and rejuvenates. Unfortunately, many people suffer from

poor sleeping patterns due to various reasons such as pain and sleeping on hard and lumpy

mattresses.

Napping during the day for a long period of time is also unhealthy as you need to consolidate

your sleep at night. When you nap for more than two hours, you will not be able to have a restful

sleep at night.

And the next morning, you will feel sleepy. If you are not working, then taking long naps is all

right but if you have to get your job done, it will become a problem. If you really need a nap, it

should be only for 20 minutes. More than that and you will have problems sleeping at night.



Voice 1: You are now given one minute to answer Questions 9 to 14. (Pause one minute.)

For Questions 9 and 10, complete the sentences using the letters A-F below:

A. have less than seven hours of sleep

B. resort to medication

C. An overdependence on sleeping drugs

D. Lack of sleep

E. Find themselves ill

F. Poor sleeping habits

9. Many people who have difficulty sleeping at night __________________.

10. ______________________ may lead to death.

For Questions 11 to 14, circle the correct answer:

11. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. People who have sufficient sleep suffer from pain.

B. It is impossible to wake someone from deep, restorative sleep.

C. Sleep, diet and exercise are important for healthy living.





LESSON 4

Listening skills III

In order for you to answer questions 15 to 20, you are required to listen to three short texts, for

example a complaint, a remark, a documentary or an advertisement.

You are encouraged to listen carefully before filling in the blanks with appropriate words.

Sometimes you will need to summarise what you have heard. You may also need to rephrasecertain parts of the text so that your answers will be accurate.

Voice 1: Part III. Listen to the remark made by a caller to a radio phone-in programme.

Voice 2: The other day I was stuck behind a swaying horsebox going from Cheras to KualaLumpur. Not once did this driver move over to let other traffic pass, instead he kept out as much

as possible so no one might make it past him. You can always spot them, new utility van, newhorsebox, they think they own the road and how dare we overtake them. It is high time these

people were made by law to pull over to let other traffic off, because being forced to overtakethese drivers is dangerous.

Voice 1: You are now given one minute to answer Questions 15 and 16

(Pause one minute)

For Questions 15 and 16, write your answer in NOT MORE THAN FIVE WORDS.

15. The caller thinks that a horsebox driver should move over ________________ .

16. It is ________________________ and laws should be enforced to ensure that such driversshould keep way to the left of the road.

The following text is taken from a health brochure. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.




Voice 1: Acid throwing is a form of violent assault. Perpetrators of these attacks throw acid attheir victims, usually at their faces, burning them, and damaging skin tissue, often exposing and

sometimes dissolving the bones. The consequences of these attacks include blindness and permanent scarring of the face and body. These attacks are most common in Cambodia,

Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and other nearby countries.

Voice 1: You are now given one minute to answer Questions 17 and 18.

For questions 17 and 18, write your answer in NOT MORE THAN FIVE WORDS.

17. Perpetrators of acid attacks usually throw ___________________________.

18. __________________________ include blindness and permanent scarring of the face and body.


Voice 1: Listen to the conversation on a talent show. Did you watch Britain's Got Talent 2011?

Voice 2: Oh yes, dark horse Jai McDowell was the surprise winner of this year's Britain's Got

Talent. The 24-year-old Scot beat favourite singer Ronan Parke and third place New Bounce tothe STG100,000 prize and will perform in front of the Queen at the Royal Variety Performance

later this year.

Voice 1: Yes, I had been following the programme closely and I couldn't believe it but I was gladhe won.

19. Ronan Parke was the favourite singer on Britain's Got Talent 2011

______________________________ Jai McDowell who won first place.

20. Jai McDowell won the STG100,000 prize and will perform ________________ at the RoyalVariety Performance later this year.



Lesson 9

LESSON 9

By DR KOH SOO LING

Information transfer from graphic representation to text Study and understand the graphicrepresentation to know the general idea. You can ask questions such as ³What is the main

subject?´ and ³What is documented along the X/Y

axis?´

You can also look for extreme points of data, for example, the highest, the lowest, the greatest or the smallest. Remember to look for details along the vertical or the horizontal axis. You can also

obtain information from the title, source, legend and scale.

Vocabulary for Describing Trends

1. Downward movement

-decline, crash, decrease, collapse, drop, plummet, fall, plunge, slide, take a fall, lose ground,weaken

2. Upward movement



-climb, soar, rise, gain, increase, go though the roof, surge, jump, rocket, rally, strengthen, high

3. Stability

-flatten out, bounce back, hold steady, rally, level off, recover, stabilise, stable

4. To specify the degree of change

-slow, disastrous, steady, massive, slight, perilous, sharp, rapid, gradual, heavy, low

Practice

Study the graph below and fill in each blank with an appropriate word.

The graph compares the rate of male and female unemployment in Country X betweenthe years 1960 and 2000. It can be clearly seen that the rate of unemployment for both men

and women 1. ____________ and that fewer women have been unemployed throughout the period. In 1960, 600 men in every 1,000 was unemployed. This number 2. ____________

gradually to 500 by 1974 and continued to decrease but more 3. ____________ to 250 in2000. In contrast, the rate of unemployment among women in 1960 was very 4.

____________ at only 80 in every 1,000. By 1968, this 5. ____________ to 170, and moresteeply to 320 in 1977. The rate of unemployed females then remained 6. ____________ at

320 until 1984 at which point the figures began to decline and 7. ____________ to 200 by2000. In conclusion, we can see that the rate of male unemployment 8. ____________

throughout the whole period but was always at a higher level than the female figures. Therate of unemployment among women increased until 1977 but then decreased for the rest

of the period.

NEXT WEEK: Information transfer 2

ANSWERS:1. has declined

2. decreased3. steeply

4. low5. increased

6. stable7. dropped

8. fell

NEXT WEEK: Listening Skills III



Lesson 10

LESSON 10

Information transfer from graphic representation to text

Common problems related to describing and interpreting graphic representations are:

- Not Understanding the Data (I) ² Not Reading the Labels: students do not correctlyunderstand the data in the charts: often they do not carefully read the labels (e.g. students write

³15 people were involved in the national street performance event in January 2011´, when theyshould write ³150 people were involved in the national charity event in January 2011´.)

- Not Understanding the Data (II) ² Not Applying Common Sense to your Interpretations:students do not apply their common sense to the interpretation of data in the charts (e.g. in the

example above, common sense should tell us that it was impossible that only 15 people wereinvolved in the national street performance event in 2011; we should then analyse the chart

carefully to find a more satisfactory interpretation).

- Just ³Listing´ the Data: students simply ³list´ data from charts or graphs without trying toindicate what is more or less important. You should take note of large differences or changes and

present them first.

- Not ³Translating´ Note Form to Grammatical English: labels or titles are usually in note form,



so you need to change them into grammatically correct English in your writing. For example, ina chart describing the activities related to those who participated in the national street

performance, one event label would be ³stilt walking´. It would therefore be ungrammatical tosay ³the stilt walking were very agile and entertained the crowd tremendously´. Instead it should

be ³the stilt walkers were very agile and entertained the

crowd tremendously´.

Practice

The following pie chart shows the percentage distribution of the annual expenditure incurred bya publishing firm. Study the pie chart and then answer the questions based on it.

ANNUAL EXPENDITURE PATTERN

(IN PERCENTAGE) OF A PUBLISHING FIRM

1. If the publisher has to pay RM10,000 as overall cost per year, what is the printing

cost?A. RM2,000

B. RM20C. RM200

D. RM22. Twenty-five per cent of the publishing firm¶s expenditure is on

A. R oya l t yB. Binding

C. Paper costD. Promotion cost

3. Paper cost constitutes the ««««««««.. fragment of the publishing firm¶sexpenditure.

A. smallestB. constant

C. biggestD. expected

4. Expenditure on both transportation and promotion «««.. the same.A. is

B. areC. wa s

D. we r e

NEXT WEEK: Speaking strategies 1

ANSWERS: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A



- LESSON 11

Speaking skills 1

The speaking component consists of two tasks:

Task A: Individual presentationTask B: Group discussion

You will have approximately 30 minutes to complete both tasks. Take a look at the table below

to see how time is allocated for each candidate.

(Type of task) A: Individual, (Candidate) A, B, C, D, (Presentation time) Two minutes each

(Type of task) B: Group, (Candidate) A, B, C, D, (Presentation time) Two minutes each

Two minutes each Ten minutes as a group

Individual presentation

For this task you are expected to give a one-way presentation.

Stages of preparation

1. Highlight keywords or phrases ² ask yourself what you are supposed to do.2. Make use of your prior knowledge to generate ideas ² jot down all your ideas.

3. Organise your ideas ² follow an appropriate order, for example, linear, cause andeffect or chronological.

4. List the appropriate expressions that you wish to use for each stage of your presentation .

Let¶s say you are taking the speaking test now. You may get something like this:

Situation: Conflicts occur because of poor division of domestic duties when students live in adormitory or apartment. Share your opinion about the importance of individual responsibility at a

student gathering.

(1)Stages of presentation

Introduction

Steps involved

Introduce yourself.



Examples

Good morning ladies and gentlemen. First of all, let me introduce myself. I am Marilyn Teh.

(2)

Stages of presentation

Body

Steps involved

1. Explain the issue.

2. Make a suggestion. Present and support your points.

3. Support your points with examples.

Examples

1. Individual responsibility signals maturity. As students, we sometimes have to live together in

dormitories or rented apartments. It is not surprising if there are students who shirk basichousekeeping rules while others do all the

work. This often results in conflicts and misunderstandings.

2.I think we should learn to be mature students and be responsible for the place that we live in.For a start, appoint a committee in your dormitory or apartment. Then divide the chores

accordingly and put up a roster so that every resident knows his responsibility.

3. This roster need not be fixed. It can run for a few weeks before a new roster is drafted. Thisallows everyone to try different duties.

(3)

Stages of presentation

Conclusion

Steps involved

Sum up all your points and close.

Examples

Division of labour is important when we live together. Rather than letting one person handle allthe housekeeping chores, everyone should be responsible. Thank you for your attention.



LESSON 12

Speaking skills II

When carrying out this task, one of the students in the group can assume the role of the leader.He is the one who spearheads the discussion, guides its flow and concludes it. As students listen

to other candidates presenting their individual speaking tasks, they can take notes for task B.Always remember that it is necessary to come to a consensus at the end of the discussion. Decide

which suggestion that has been put forward is the best.

In the course of putting forth suggestions, make use of the following skills:

1. Ask for clarification.

2. Give your reasons for suggesting an idea.3. Reject other suggestions politely.

4. Repeat your strongest point.5. Get everyone in the group to come to a decision.

Situation:

Many students are unsure of what they want to do when they leave school. Suggest ways to help

students make decisions concerning their career path.

Task A

CANDIDATE A

Explain the importance of meeting a career development professional. Give reasons to supportyour view.

CANDIDATE B

Explain the importance of checking public information centres. Give reasons to support your view.

CANDIDATE C

Explain the importance of self-assessment tools. Give reasons to support your view.

CANDIDATE D

Explain the importance of seeking out lucrative careers. Give reasons to support your view.

Task B



Discuss which of the following would be the best ways to help students make decisionsconcerning their career path.

i. Meet a career development professional

ii. Check public information centres

iii. Use self-assessment toolsiv. Seek out lucrative careers

NEXT WEEK: Distinguishing facts from opinions

ANSWERS:

Candidate A:

Choosing a career is an involved process that is based on a number of things, including your interests, skills, work-related values, and personality. You may want to meet with a career

development professional, i.e. career counsellor or career development facilitator. A career development professional will help you evaluate your interests, personality, skills and values.

Candidate B

Check with your public library since some offer career planning help. Check with local collegesand universities. Most have career development offices which may offer free services to

members of the community. Programmes that train career counsellors often have students work with members of the community to gain experience. Then you can make an educated decision

about what career to pursue.

Candidate C There are free self-assessment tools online. What you should end up with is a list of suitable

careers based on your self-assessment. Obviously, you cannot do everything on your list, nor willyou want to. You should gather information about these careers which will include a job

description, outlook for the field and required training and education. When you have narroweddown your choices to just a few, then you should investigate even further, perhaps conducting

some informational interviews with those working in the field.

Candidate D Every year, especially during milestones, i.e. the beginning of a new decade, there are numerous

articles and books that list what ³the experts´ predict will be ³hot jobs´. It is good to look atthose lists to see if any of the careers appeal to you, but you should not use them to dictate your

choice. While the predictions are often based on valid data, sometimes things change. Way toooften what is lucrative this year will not be so in the future. In addition, you need to take into

account your interests, values and skills when choosing acareer. Just because the outlook for an occupation is good, it does not mean that it is right for

you.

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