m.tech Lab Manual JNTUH

8/13/2019 m.tech Lab Manual JNTUH

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1. Program to toggle all the bits of PORT P1 continuously with 250ms delay.

AI!

The basic program on a microcontroller is to operate the input and output functionality of

the pins. AT89S51 is the controller having the 8051 architecture. In this proect !e are

programming to control the output devices li"e #$%s such that& ma"e all pins of '()T '1 high

at once and off at once.

A""aratus!

1. I%$ * +iel uvision ,.0&

-. Simulator* 'rofessional 'roteus ..

Theory!

Here we are using AT89S51 to glow an LED. For this simple project we hae to !nowthe power "#$ %& o' an LED as to suppl( 'orm the controller. %n eer( project 'irst o' all we hae

to !now the operation o' each )eice in)ii)uall( an) then em*e) them accor)ingl(.

Working of an LED:

A light+emitting )io)e "LED& is a semicon)uctor light source. LEDs are use) as in)icator lampsin man( )eices an) are increasingl( use) 'or other lighting. ,hen a light+emitting )io)e is

'orwar)+*iase) "switche) on&$ electrons are a*le to recom*ine with electron holes within the

)eice$ releasing energ( in the 'orm o' photons. This e''ect is calle) electroluminescence an) the

color o' the light "correspon)ing to the energ( o' the photon& is )etermine) *( the energ( gap o'the semicon)uctor. LEDs present man( a)antages oer incan)escent light sources inclu)ing

lower energ( consumption$ longer li'etime$ improe) ph(sical ro*ustness$ smaller si-e$ an)

'aster switching.

Light+emitting )io)es are use) in applications as )ierse as aiation lighting$ automotie

lighting$ a)ertising$ general lighting$ an) tra''ic signals. LEDs hae allowe) new tet$ i)eo

)ispla(s$ an) sensors to *e )eelope)$ while their high switching rates are also use'ul in

a)ance) communications technolog(. %n'rare) LEDs are also use) in the remote control units o'man( commercial pro)ucts inclu)ing teleisions$ D#D pla(ers$ an) other )omestic

appliances.LEDs wor! 'or a oltage greater than 1./# an) )epen) on the color$ 'or maimum

*rightness we nee) 0.0# suppl(. Hence$ we nee) to suppl( more than 0.0# 'rom a controller.

s*it+ This is the !e(wor) to assign an( pin to a aria*le.

Working of AT89S51:


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AT89S51 reuires a oltage o' 5.2# an) 13# when programming the microcontroller. The

current rating o' the total circuit )epen)s on the wor!ing o' the microcontroller an) the

consumption o' LED. The controller wor!s on 11.2593 4H- 'reuenc(.

ote6 %t is suggeste) to use 522mA an) 13# D7 power suppl(.

Algorithm!

1. In this proect !e need to toggle all the bits of port1 of at89c51.

-. To provide output& first !e need to clear the storage or available data in port register.

/. To get output at port '1 assign logic 1 i.e.& 0ff to the '1 register as it is 8 bit register.

,. o! !e need to generate -50ms delay by looping time period T 2delay

time34cyclescloc" cycle.

5. As to get toggling assign 000 to '1 register.

6. o! apply the delay again to stabili7e logic 0 state of port.

. )epeat the steps / to 6 !hole in a continuous loop.

#ircuit $iagram!


3/80

%low chart!

True

Increment cycle i.e.&

ycle4cycle1

If2cycl

e:-50

ms3

Start

lear the available data

in reg '1& 2'1403.

Assigning #ogic 1 state

to port '1 i.e.&2'140ff3

Assigning #ogic 0

state to port '1 i.e.&

2'140003

Increment cycle i.e.&

ycle4cycle1

If2cycl

e:-50

ms3

True

;alse

;alse


4/80

Program!

&& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

&& Pro(ect! led interfacing to AT)*s51

&& odule descri"tion! led interfacing

&& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

+include,reg51.h-

oid clear/

oid delay/unsigned int

oid main/


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clear/

while/1 && infinite loo"

P1304ff

delay/600 &&250msec

P230400

delay/600 &&250msec

7 && end of while loo"

7 && end of main

oid clear/ &&clearing all "orts

P130400

7

oid delay/unsigned int c &&ma8ing c cycles delay

unsigned int d

for/d3cd930d::

7

2. Program to toggle only the bit P1.5 continuously with some delay. Use Timer 0,

mode 1 to create delay.

Aim!In this article !e are dealing ho! to use a timer of controller in order to perform delay.

A""aratus!



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Theory!

Difference between software and hardware timer dela:

First let us !now what the )i''erence *etween so'tware an) har)ware timer )ela(s. As so'tware

timer is that$ a program which ma!es the controller not to )o an( tas!. ut 'irst o' all to run that

)ela( program the processor ta!es some c(cles to eecute that )ela("& 'unction an) not surecompletes the eact )ela( we nee). Thus har)ware )ela( came into the picture.Here we are using

in*uilt har)ware timers as we ha) two 1/ *it T%4E2$ T%4E1 timer to generate eact )ela(.

This concept o' har)ware timers were use) mostl( in satellite launching$ uclear reactorsmonitoring$ etc.

!sing T"#E$% in AT89S51:

%n or)er to ma!e wor!ing o' Timers we nee) two registers6

1& T7: "Timer count& 6

TF1 Timer 1 oer 'low 'lag which sets *( har)ware on Timer 1 oer'low an) is cleare) *(

har)ware i' processor ectors to interrupt routine.

TR1Timer 1 run control *it which sets; cleare) *( so'tware to turn Timer 1 either


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Gate: ,hen set$ timer;counter


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#include// Out Pinsbit Out = P1^0; // Pin P2.0 is named as Out//Functin declaratins!id cct"init!id$;!id %nit&imer0!id$;unsigned int cunt=0;int main!id$' cct"init$; // (a)e all *rts +er Out=0; %nit&imer0$; // ,tart &imer0 -hile1$ // est is dne in &imer0 interru*t ' !id cct"init!id$

' P0 = 000;

P1 = 000;P2 = 000;P = 000;

!id %nit&imer0!id$'

True

;alse

TI>$)0?init23@

$nd

#$%?high23

#$%?lo!23;lag4

0


9/80

&(O 3= 0F0; // 4lear bit 6ield 6r timer0 &(O 7= 002; // ,et timer0 in mde 2

&80 = 000; // 250 usec relading time &90 = 005; // First time !alue :&0 = 1; // :nable &imer0 interru*ts : = 1; // lbal interru*t enable

&0 = 1; // ,tart &imer 0!id &imer0"%, !id$ interru*t 1 // %t is called a6ter e!er 250usec' cunt=cunt1; i6cunt==5000$ ' Out = ?Out; // &ggle Out *in cunt=0; &F0 = 0; // 4lear the interru*t 6lag

%low chart!

3). Program to interface a switch and a buer to two different !ins of a Port such

that the buer should sound as long as the switch is !ressed.

Aim!

The basic program on a microcontroller is to operate the input and output functionality of the

pins. AT89S51 is the controller having the 8051 architecture. In this proect !e program to use


10/80

controller using input device as s!itch. If controller obtains an input it should sho! an output

!ith the help of a pin i.e.& bu77er attaching to a particular pin.

A""aratus!

/. I%$ * +iel uvision ,.0&

,. Simulator* 'rofessional 'roteus ..

Theory!

Here we are using AT89S51as a controller which is controlle) *( a toggle switch "which gies

either *inar( 2 or1& an) respectie output accor)ing to the input. For this simple project we hae

to !now the power "#$ %& o' an *u--er as to suppl( 'orm the controller an) power to suppl( 'romthe switch to the controller i.e.$ ,hat is # 'or logic high. %n eer( project 'irst o' all we hae to

!now the operation o' each )eice in)ii)uall( an) then em*e) them accor)ingl(.

Working of a switch:

%nput 'or a controller using switches can *e )one in two wa(s.

a&. @ull up$

*&. @ull )own.

Working of )*ll Down:

From the a*oe circuit we consi)er LED as our controller pin. ,hen the switch is presse)$

controller gets logic 1+which means 5,-.an) i' release) pin gets logic %+which means /0D

thro*gh %ohms-2Thus @ull )own is nothing$ that the output will *e pull )own using a resistor i'no eternal e''ect.

Working of )*ll Down:

From the a*oe circuit we consi)er LED as our controller pin. ,hen the switch is presse)$

controller gets logic %+which means /0D-.an) i' release) pin gets logic 1+which means 35,

thro*gh %ohms-2Thus @ull up is nothing$ that the output will *e pulle) up using a resistor i' noeternal e''ect.

Working of AT89451:

AT89751 reuires a oltage o' 5.2# een programming the microcontroller. The current rating

o' the total circuit )epen)s on the wor!ing o' the microcontroller .The controller wor!s on11.2593 4H- 'reuenc(.


11/80

Working of *66er:

ote6 %t is suggeste) to use 522mA an) 13# D7 power suppl(.

Algorithm!

. In this proect !e need to s!itch ( bu77er !hen user enters re


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Program!

&& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

&& Pro(ect !;witch and bu


13/80

sbit bu


14/80

". Program to interface #$% data !ins to !ort P1 and dis!lay a message on it.

AI!

In this proect !e !ill be dealing !ith 16B- #% display 2#> 016#3& and embedding it to our

AT89S51. ;or !hich !e consider an application as to display a name on #%.

A""aratus!



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Theory!

Here we are using AT89S51 to control the L4 21/L. For our application$ 'irst we want to !nowa*out the L421/L which wor!s on the principle o' piel matri that can *e controlle) using

internal comman)s o' particular L7D.

Working of a L4D:

L7D "Liui) 7r(stal Displa(& screen is an electronic )ispla( mo)ule an) 'in) a wi)e range o'

applications. A 1/?3 L7D )ispla( is er( *asic mo)ule an) is er( commonl( use) in arious

)eices an) circuits. These mo)ules are pre'erre) oer seen segments an) other multi segment

LEDs. The reasons *eing6 L7Ds are economical$ easil( programma*le$ hae no limitation o')ispla(ing special een custom characters "unli!e in seen segments&$ animations an) so on.

A 162 LCDmeans it can )ispla( 1/ characters per line an) there are 3 such lines. %n this L7D

each character is )ispla(e) in 5?B )ot matri. This L7D has two registers$ namel($ 7omman)an) Data. The comman) register stores the comman) instructions gien to the L7D. A comman)

is an instruction gien to L7D to )o a pre)e'ine) tas! li!e initiali-ing it$ clearing its screen$

setting the cursor position$ controlling )ispla( etc. The )ata register stores the )ata to *e

)ispla(e) on the L7D. The )ata is the AS7%% alue o' the character to *e )ispla(e) on the L7D.

As$ )ot matri haing negatie rows an) positie columns$ here in the a*oe 5?B )ot matri wesupplie) C5# to select 0r)column an) n) to 1st$ 0r)$ th$ 5th$/than) Bthrows. %n the same pattern

L4 21/L ha) 03 5?8 )ot matrices *( which we can iew 03 characters at a time. All the

characters are pre)e'ine) in the A4 memor( o' the L4 21/L.

Working of AT89451:
http://iblocks.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/lcd1.bmp


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o' the total circuit )epen)s on the wor!ing o' the microcontroller .The controller wor!s on

11.2593 4H- 'reuenc(.

Algorithm!

1. In this proect !e need to display a message on #%2#>016>3 using port '1 of

AT89c51 as data port and port '- as configuration port .

-. To provide output& first !e need to clear the storage or available data in port '1&'-

register.

/. ;rom the datasheet provided !ith #>016> to configure and display data on #% !e

need to use configuration& data pins to get desired output on #% according to cloc"

signals provided in datasheet.

,. According to #>016> datasheet of #% to get display !e need to use $nable2$3&

readC!rite2)CD3& status register2)S3 and %0E%82data pins3.

5. As #% !or"s on parallel communication !e are using !hole port '1 for data sharing to

#%.

;chematic!


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%low chart!

True

;alse

1

Start

lear the available datain reg '1& 2'1403.

#cdinit23@

!ritedata2FF3@

CC!rite

!ritedata2F)F3@

!ritedata2FIF3@

CC!rite

$nd

)eturn23@


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Program:

CC

CC 'roect* #% 8bit

CC Author* sudheer

CC >odule description* (perate #% in 8bit mode

CC

GincludeHreg51.h:

CC;unction declarations

void cct?init2void3@

void delay2int3@

void lcdinit2void3@


19/80

void !ritecmd2int3@

void !ritedata2char3@

void )eturnome2void3@

CC

CC'in description

C

'1 is data bus

'-.0 is )S

'-.1 is $

C

CC

CC %efines 'ins

sbit )S 4 '-=0@

sbit $ 4 '-=1@

sbit r! 4 '-=-@

CC

CC >ain program

CC

void main2void3

J r!40@

cct?init23@ CC>a"e all ports 7ero

lcdinit23@ CCInitili7e #%


20/80

!ritedata2FiF3@ CC!rite

!ritedata2F F3@

!ritedata2FbF3@ CC!rite

!ritedata2FlF3@

!ritedata2FoF3@ CC!rite

!ritedata2FcF3@ CC!rite

!ritedata2F"F3@

!ritedata2FKF3@ CC!rite

!ritedata2FsF3@

)eturnome23@ CC)eturn to 0 position

!hile213

J

L

L

void cct?init2void3

J

'0 4 000@ CCnot used


'- 4 000@ CCused as data port

'/ 4 000@ CCused for generating $ and )S

L

void delay2int a3

J


21/80

int i@

for2i40@iHa@i3@ CCnull statement

L

void !ritedata2char t3

J

)S 4 1@ CC 4: )S 4 1

'1 4 t@ CC%ata transfer

$ 4 1@ CC 4: $ 4 1

delay21503@

$ 4 0@ CC 4: $ 4 0

delay21503@

L

void !ritecmd2int 73

J

)S 4 0@ CC 4: )S 4 0

'1 4 7@ CC%ata transfer

$ 4 1@ CC 4: $ 4 1

delay21503@

$ 4 0@ CC 4: $ 4 0

delay21503@

L

void lcdinit2void3


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J

CCCCCCCCCCCCC )eset process from datasheet CCCCCCCCC

delay2150003@

!ritecmd20/03@

delay2,5003@

!ritecmd20/03@

delay2/003@

!ritecmd20/03@

delay26503@

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

!ritecmd20/83@ CCfunction set

!ritecmd200c3@ CCdisplay on&cursor off&blin" off

!ritecmd20013@ CCclear display

!ritecmd20063@ CCentry mode& set increment

L

void )eturnome2void3 CC)eturn to 0 location

J

!ritecmd200-3@

delay215003@

L

5 Program to !nter"ace #e$%ad &hene'er a #e$ !( %re((ed) !t

(ho*ld +e d!(%la$ed on LCD


23/80

AI!

In this proect !e !ill be dealing !ith 44 keypad& and embedding it to our AT89S51. Mou are

developing an embedded application using one or more members of the 8051 family of

microcontrollers. The application has a timeEtriggered architecture& constructed using a

scheduler. De are creating the user interface for your application. ;or !hich !e consider an

application as to display the input "ey in the #%.

A""aratus!



Theory!

Here we are using AT89S51 to control the 77 kead. For our application$ 'irst we want to

!now a*out the 77 keadwhich wor!s on the principle o' switching concept.

Working of a ead:

,e are concerne) here with !e(pa)s ma)e up o' a matri o' switches$ in anarrangement similar to that illustrate). The matri arrangement is use) to sae port pins. %' we

hae rows an) 7 columns o' !e(s$ we nee) C 7 pins i' we use a matri arrangement an) ?

7 pins i' we use in)ii)ual switches. %' (ou nee) si or more !e(s$ then the matri arrangementreuires 'ewer pins.

4an( !e(pa)s hae 13 !e(s "


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release). The )uration o' the !e( press will generall( *e at least 522 ms. The !e(s will not

generall( *e allowe) to


25/80

AT89S51 reuires a oltage o' 5.2# een programming the microcontroller. The current rating

o' the total circuit )epen)s on the wor!ing o' the microcontroller .The controller wor!s on

11.2593 4H- 'reuenc(.

Algorithm!

1. In this proect !e need to interface "eypad to the 8051 and produce scanned "ey on

#%.

-. ;irst !e need to clear the storage or available data in port register.

/. To get scan !e need to use ro! of "eypad as input and column of "eypad as output.

,. Scan each ro! by interchanging output data of column and store the "ey in memory.

5. o! !e need to generate -50ms delay by looping time period T 2delay


6. o! initiali7e the #% and push the data in memory to #% to display.

. )epeat the steps , to 6 !hole in a continuous loop.

-chemat!c:


26/80

Flow chart:

True

;alse

1

Start


#cdinit23@

NA)Tinitialise23@

$nd

>emory4read23@

#cddata2memory3@


27/80

Program!

GincludeHreg51.h:

Ginclude Klcd.hK

sbit c,4 '1=,@

sbit c/4 '1=5@

sbit c-4 '1=6@

sbit c14 '1=@

sbit r14 '1=0@

sbit r-4 '1=1@

sbit r/4 '1=-@

sbit r,4 '1=/@

void delay2int3@


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void main23

J

lcdinit23@

!hile213 CC infinite loop

J

c,41@

c/41@

c-40@

c141@

if2r14403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F/F3@CC

L

else if2r-4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2FF3@

L

else if2r/4403

J

!ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@

!ritedata2F1F3@

L


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else if2r,4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@

!ritedata2F5F3@

L

c,41@

c/40@

c-41@

c141@

if2r14403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F-F3@ CC

L

else if2r-4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F6F3@

L

else if2r/4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@

!ritedata2F0F3@


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L

else if2r,4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@

!ritedata2F,F3@

L

c,40@

c/41@

c-41@

c141@

if2r14403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@CC

L

else if2r-4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F5F3@

L

else if2r/4403

J!ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F9F3@

L


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else if2r,4403

J!ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@

!ritedata2F/F3@

L

c,41@

c/41@

c-41@

c140@

if2r14403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F,F3@CC

L

else if2r-4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F8F3@

L

else if2r/4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@

!ritedata2F-F3@

L


32/80

else if2r,4403

J !ritecmd20013@

!ritedata2F1F3@

!ritedata2F6F3@

L

LCC end of !hile loop

L CC end of main

void delay2int i3

J

for2@i:0@iEE3@

L

&. Program to interface se'en segment dis!lay unit.

Aim!

A seven segment display is the most basic electronic display device that can displaydigits from 0E9. They find !ide application in devices that display numeric information li"e digitalcloc"s& radio& micro!ave ovens& electronic meters etc. The most common configuration has anarray of eight #$%s arranged in a special pattern to display these digits. They are laid out as as


33/80

Here we are using AT89S51 to control the B+segment )ispla(. For our application 'irst we nee)

to !now a*out the B+segment )ispla( wor!ing.

Working of a ;segment disla:

Bsegment is generall( aaila*le in ten pin pac!age. ,hile eight pins correspon) to the eightLEDs$ the remaining two pins "at mi))le& are common an) internall( shorte).

These segments come in two con'igurations$ namel($ 7ommon catho)e "77& an) 7ommon

ano)e "7A&. %n 77 con'iguration$ the negatie terminals o' all LEDs are connecte) to the

common pins. The common is connecte) to groun) an) a particular LED glows when itscorrespon)ing pin is gien high. %n 7A arrangement$ the common pin is gien a high logic an)

the LED pins are gien low to )ispla( a num*er.

Working of AT89451:

AT89751 reuires a oltage o' 5.2# een programming the microcontroller. The current ratingo' the total circuit )epen)s on the wor!ing o' the microcontroller .The controller wor!s on

11.2593 4H- 'reuenc(.

The current supplie) to the B segment is also to *e consi)ere) as it is )rien *( the controller. %'

su''icient current is not supplie) it e''ects *( thefano*t2

Working of ;Segment:

a-24ommon 4athode:
http://iblocks.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/7seg-8051.png


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As shown in the a*oe circuit B segment haing a$ *$ c$ )$ e$ '$ g pins can *e ena*le) using C5#

high so that respectie regions will *e actiate). As this is a 77 "7ommon 7atho)e&$ the

common pin is groun)e)$ an) to operate it we nee) to suppl( positie oltage.

b-24ommon Anode:

As shown in the a*oe circuit B segment haing a$ *$ c$ )$ e$ '$ g pins can *e ena*le) using n)i.e.$ logic %so that respectie regions will *e actiate). As this is a 7A "7ommon Ano)e&$ the

common pin is gien a positie oltage C5#$ an) to operate it we nee) to suppl( n) or logic %.

"nterfacing With AT89S51:

%n the a*oe circuit we are using a 7ommon 7atho)e t(pe 'our B segment )ispla(. To operatethis )ispla( here we are using @ort3 pins 'rom which we proi)e C5# to the )ispla(. As our

application is to )ispla( )ecimal )igits we 'irst hae to ma!e a co)e o' each )ecimal )igit.

For eample$ in or)er to )ispla(


35/80

Program:

#include// Functin declaratins!id clear!id$;!id delaint$;

int ,egmentchar$;sbit s1=P1^0;// Pin descri*tin/@ P2 is used 6r A segmentP2.0 is attached -ith BB segmentP2.1 is attached -ith BCB segmentP2.2 is attached -ith B4B segmentP2. is attached -ith BB segmentP2. is attached -ith B:B segmentP2.5 is attached -ith BFB segmentP2.D is attached -ith BB segment@/// (ain 6unctinint main!id$' char h; // 4haracter t be dis*laed n Aseg clear$; // (a)e all *rts +er

-hile1$'

6rh=000;h


36/80

case 2 P = ?05C; brea); case P = ?0F; brea); case P = ?0DD; brea); case 5 P = ?0D; brea); case D P = ?0A; brea); case A P = ?00A; brea); case G P = ?0AF; brea); case E P = ?0DF; brea); /@case 00a P2 = 0AA; brea); case 00b P2 = 0A4; brea); case 00c P2 = 0E; brea); case 00d P2 = 05:; brea); case 00e P2 = 0AE; brea); case 006 P2 = 0A1; brea); @/

de6ault P = 06; brea); return0$;

Schematic:


37/80

Flowchart:

Algorithm!

1. In this proect !e need to interface seven segment display to at89c51.

True

;alse

1

Start


in reg '1& 2'1403.

Seven segment init23@

$nd

%isplay segment23@


38/80


/. o! !e need to generate -50ms delay by looping time period T 2delay


,. As NA)T !or"s !ith some properties as baudrate& datalength& parity& stop and start bits&

no! !e need to provide all.

5. To get baudrate !e use internal TI>$)1& and remaining properties using respected

registers.

6. 'ush the data to NA)T data register !hich !ill send data to '.

. )epeat the steps 6 in a continuous loop.

. Program to tran(m!t a me((age "rom M!crocontroller to PC

(er!all$ *(!ng R-22

AI!

In this part& !e !ill consider some "ey patterns suitable for assisting in the creation of user

interfaces for a !ide range of embedded applications. De present P# ?I>@ /R;:22.This

pattern considers ho!& using the universal O)SE-/-P standard& !e can transfer data bet!een anembedded device and a des"top& noteboo" or similar '. In addition to being a useful pattern in

its o!n right& this pattern illustrates many of the features re


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%n 199B the Telecommunications %n)ustr( Association release) what is 'ormall( !nown as T%A+

303 #ersion F$ a serial communication protocol which has *een 0/3 THE ISE %TEFA7E.

This 'ile ma( *e 'reel( re)istri*ute) proi)e) onl( that this 'ooter remains intact. uniersall(re'erre) to as


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2 The receier is a*le to receie more )ata6 it )oes nothing.

The transmitter sen)s another *(te o' )ata.

3 Steps 10 continue until the receier cannot accept an( more )ata6 it then sen)s a

$)1& and remaining properties using respected

registers.


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1/. 'ush the data to NA)T data register !hich !ill send data to '.

1,. )epeat the steps 6 in a continuous loop.

-chemat!c:


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Program!

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC

CC 'roect* Internet to serial port ontrol CC

True

;alse

1

Start


in reg '1& 2'1403.

#cdinit23@

NA)Tinitialise23@

$nd

Tranmit2memory3


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CC Author* )aghava )eddy CC

CC %ate* 1,C11C-010 CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

Ginclude Hreg51.h:

CC%$;I$ (STAT

Gdefine aud?rate 0;d CC AN% )AT$ 9600

CC%$;I$ ')(T(TM'$S

void NSA)T?Init2void3@

void NSA)T?Transmit2unsigned char3@

void cct?init2void3@

void delay2unsigned int t3@

void main23

J

cct?init23@

NSA)T?Init23@

$A 4 1@

$S 4 1@

!hile213

J

NSA)T?Transmit2FF3@


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delay21003@

NSA)T?Transmit2F)F3@

delay21003@

NSA)T?Transmit2FIF3@

delay21003@

NSA)T?Transmit2F F3@

delay21003@

L

L

void delay2unsigned int t3

J

unsigned int i&@

for2i40@iHt@i3

J

for240@H50@3@

L

L

void cct?init2void3 CCinitiali7e cct

J


'1 4 000@ CCNsed for Appliances

'- 4 000@ CCnot used

'/ 4 00/@ CCused for serial


45/80

L

void NSA)T?Init2void3 CC IITIA#IQ$ S$)IA# '()T

J

T>(% 4 00-@ CC Timer 1 I >(%$ - EANT( )$#(A% T( R$$)AT$

AN% )AT$

S( 4 050@ CC S$)IA# >(%$ 1& 8E%ATA IT 1ESTA)T IT& 1EST('

IT& )$ $A#$%

T0 4 aud?rate@ CC #(A% AN%)AT$ T( TI>$) )$RIST$)

T)0 4 1@ CC STA)T TI>$)

L

void NSA)T?Transmit2unsigned char serialdata3

J

SN; 4 serialdata@ CC #(A% %ATA T( S$)IA# N;;$)

)$RIST$)

!hile2TI 44 03@ CC DAIT NTI# T)AS>ISSI( T((>'#$T$

TI 4 0@ CC #$A) T)AS>ISSI( IT$))N'T

;#AR

L

4 Program to rece!'e a me((age "rom PC (er!all$ *(!ng R-22


46/80

!m:

%n this part$ we will consi)er some !e( patterns suita*le 'or assisting in the creation o' user

inter'aces 'or a wi)e range o' em*e))e) applications. ,e present PC L7, 8R-22.Thispattern consi)ers how$ using the uniersal


47/80

single 8+*it *loc!s o' )ata. To transmit a *(te o' )ata oer an S+303 lin!$ we generall(

enco)e the in'ormation as 'ollows6

,e sen) a


48/80


49/80

lgor!thm:

1. In this proect !e need to interface ' to 8051 using NA)T protocol.


/. o! !e need to generate -50ms delay by looping time period T 2delaytime34cyclescloc" cycle.

,. As NA)T !or"s !ith some properties as baudrate& datalength& parity& stop and start bits&

no! !e need to provide all.

5. To set baudrate !e use internal TI>$)1& and remaining properties using respected

registers.

6. o! read the data from ' using NA)T data register and store in a memory.

. o! initiali7e the #% and push the data in memory to #% to display.

8. )epeat the steps 6E in a continuous loop.

-chemat!c:


50/80

True

;alse

1

Start


#cdinit23@

NA)Tinitialise23@

$nd

>emory4read23@

#cddata2memory3@


51/80

Program:

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC

CC 'roect* Internet to serial port ontrol CC

CC Author* )aghava )eddy CC

CC %ate* 1,C11C-010 CC

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

Ginclude Hreg5-.h:

G include Klcd.hK

CC%$;I$ (STAT

Gdefine aud?rate 0;% CC AN% )AT$ 9600

void NSA)T?Init2void3@


52/80

void t2unsigned char3@

unsigned char r23@

unsigned char a1-@

void clear2void3@

int main2void3

J

unsigned char &i40@

clear23@

NSA)T?Init23@

lcdinit23@

CC$A 4 1@

CC$S 4 1@

CC !ritedata2F?F3 @

!hile213

J

i4r23@

!ritedata2i3@

L

L

void clear2void3 CCinitiali7e cct

J


'1 4 000@ CCNsed for Appliances


53/80

'- 4 000@ CCnot used

'/ 4 00/@ CCused for serial

L

void NSA)T?Init2void3 CC IITIA#IQ$ S$)IA# '()T

J

T>(% 4 0-0@ CC Timer 1 I >(%$ - EANT( )$#(A% T( R$$)AT$

AN% )AT$

S( 4 050@ CC S$)IA# >(%$ 1& 8E%ATA IT 1ESTA)T IT&

1EST(' IT

T1 4 aud?rate@ CC #(A% AN%)AT$ T( TI>$) )$RIST$)

T)1 4 1@ CC STA)T TI>$)

L

void t2unsigned char serialdata3

J

SN; 4 serialdata@ CC #(A% %ATA T( S$)IA# N;;$)

)$RIST$)

!hile2TI 44 03@ CC DAIT NTI# T)AS>ISSI( T(

(>'#$T$

TI 4 0@ CC #$A) T)AS>ISSI( IT$))N'T

;#AR

L

unsigned char r23

J

!hile2)I4403@

)I40@


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return2SN;3@

L

*.A$#!

AT89s51 micrrocontroller doesnt have inbuilt A%. So !e need to interface an I called A%

080, in order to perform A% !ith AT89S5.This proect deals !ith A% 080, by !hich !e can

interface all electronic transducers& that acts as sensors.

Working of AD4%8%7:

Di''erential analog oltage inputs allow increasing the common+mo)e rejection an) o''settingthe analog -ero input oltage alue. %n a))ition$ the oltage re'erence input can *ea)juste) to

allow enco)ing an( smaller analog oltage span to the 'ull 8 *its o' resolution.

Feat*re(:

logic nee)e) access time 105 ns

Eas( inter'ace to all microprocessors$ or operates Mstan)aloneN

Di''erential analog oltage inputs

Logic inputs an) outputs meet *oth 4:S an) TTL oltage leel speci'ications

,or!s with 3.5# "L400/& oltage re'erence

:n+chip cloc! generator

2# to 5# analog input oltage range with single 5# suppl(

o -ero a)just reuire)

2.0O stan)ar) wi)th 32+pin D%@ pac!age

32+pin mol)e) chip carrier or small outline pac!age

:perates ratio metricall( or with 5 #D7$ 3.5 #D7$ or analog span a)juste) oltagere'erence.


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.

From a*oe timing )iagram we can anal(-e the 'low o' the AD7 conersion.

For rea)ing the )ata 'rom AD7 we 'irst nee) to ena*le the AD7 to acuire )ata 'rom

trans)ucer so that we nee) to )isa*le connection it to EAD$ then ,%TE the instructionto acuire )ata$ a'ter some time ena*le EAD comman) so that controller rea)s the

conerte) )ata. ow ena*le it to interrupt to )isconnect controller )ata communication.

Thus the programming woul) *e$

r)>2J ;;ma!es controller to rea)

wr>1J ;; ma!e AD7 to write into its *u''er a'ter certain )ela(

)ela(J ;;proi)e some )ela(
http://iblocks.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/8051-ADC2.jpghttp://iblocks.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/8051-ADC1.png


56/80

wr>2J ;;)isa*les the connection with trans)ucer in or)er not to oerwrite

'irst )ata

while"intr>>1&J ;;waits till whole *u''er to 'ill using interrupt

r)>1J ;;rea)s )ata to the controller

)ela(J ;; proi)e some )ela(

intr>1J ;;ma!e interrupt high to )isconnect

Working of AT89451:


o' the total circuit )epen)s on the wor!ing o' the microcontroller .The controller wor!s on11.2593 4H- 'reuenc(.

Here we are inter'acing AD7282 which rea)s )ata temperature 'rom L405 with AT89S51 an)

)ispla(ing respectie )ata using L7D "L4 21/L& programming which we !nown inter'acing it

earlier.
http://iblocks.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/8051-ADC-LCD.png


57/80

,e can implement the same technolog( 'or inter'acing trans)ucers li!e LD$ A@131B/2 "'ire

sensor&$ SE+103B"gas sensor&

7ote:

@lease )on=t connect motors an) A7 loa)s )irectl( to controllers as the( operates athighwatt power.

Don=t connect D7 5# motor )irectl( to controller as motors pro)uce back emfwhile

running.

Flow Chart:

True

;alse

1

Start


#cdinit23@

Adc?init23@

>emory4)ead ?adc23@

#%?data2memory3


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Program:

#include#de6ine *rt P#de6ine adc"in*ut P1#de6ine data*rt P0#de6ine sec 100sbit rs = *rt^0;sbit r- = *rt^1;sbit e = *rt^2;sbit -r= *rt^;sbit rd= *rt^;sbit intr= *rt^5;int test"intermediate=0Htest"6inal=0Htest"intermediate1I10JHtest"intermediate2IJ='0H0H0;!id delaunsigned int msec $

' int i HK ; 6ri=0;i


59/80

//dela100$; return;!id lcd"data"stringunsigned char @str$ // Functin t send string t 94' int i=0; -hilestrIiJL=BM0B$ ' lcd"datastrIiJ$; i; dela10$; return;!id sha*e$ // Functin t create the sha*e 6 degree' lcd"cmdD$; lcd"data2$; lcd"data5$; lcd"data2$;

lcd"data0$; lcd"data0$; lcd"data0$; lcd"data0$; lcd"data0$;!id cn!ert$ // Functin t cn!ert the !alues 6 4 int numeric !aluet be sent t 94' int s; test"6inal=test"intermediate; lcd"cmd0c1$; dela2$; lcd"data"stringN&:(PN$; s=test"6inal/100; test"6inal=test"6inal100; lcd"cmd0cG$; i6sL=0$ lcd"datasG$; else lcd"cmd00D$; s=test"6inal/10; test"6inal=test"6inal10; lcd"datasG$; lcd"datatest"6inalG$; lcd"data0$; lcd"dataBcB$;

lcd"dataB B$; dela2$;!id main$' int iHK; adc"in*ut=066; lcd"cmd0G$; lcd"cmd00c$; //is*la OnH 4ursr Clin)ing dela2$;


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lcd"cmd001$; // 4lear ,creen dela2$; -hile1$ ' 6rK=0;K


61/80

10 Program to !nter"ace -te%%er Motor to rotate the motor !n

cloc#w!(e and ant!cloc#w!(e d!rect!on(

AI!

In this part !e are interfacing a stepper motor to our AT89S51. As the electro mechanical

devices emit bac" $>; !hile running and controller canPt provide high po!er to run& !e canPt

drive them directly for !hich !e use $> 2electro mechanical3 drivers. In this application !e are

moving a stepper motor step by step for!ard.

A""aratus!



Theory!


62/80

Here in this part we are controlling a D7 motor with AT89S51 using )rier li!e L390D.

Working of steer motor: -te%%er Motor or a(te% motoris a *rushless$ s(nchronous

motor which )ii)es a 'ull rotation into a num*er o' steps. Inli!e a *rushless D7 motor whichrotates continuousl( when a 'ie) D7 oltage is applie) to it$ a step motor rotates in )iscrete step

angles. The -te%%er Motor(there'ore are manu'acture) with steps per reolution o' 13$ 3$ B3$1$ 182$ an) 322$ resulting in stepping angles o' 02$ 15$ 5$ 3.5$ 3$ an) 1.8 )egrees per step. The

stepper motor can *e controlle) with or without 'ee)*ac!.

Working of an L


63/80

;chematic!

Flow chart: True 1

Start


in reg '1& 2'1403.

Assigning #ogic 1 state

to port '1 i.e.&2'140ff3

Stepper23@

%elay23@

$nd

;alse


64/80

Program:

9!ncl*dereg51h;

'o!d clear80?012JiPaJiCC&J ;;null statement

V

oi) write)ata"char t&

S > 1J ;; >Q S > 1 B

@1 > tJ ;;Data trans'er

E > 1J ;; >Q E > 1

)ela("152&J

E > 2J ;; >Q E > 2


78/80

)ela("152&J

V

oi) writecm)"int -&

S > 2J ;; >Q S > 2

@1 > -J ;;Data trans'er

E > 1J ;; >Q E > 1

)ela("152&J

E > 2J ;; >Q E > 2

)ela("152&J

V

oi) stepper'w)"&

@0>221J

)ela("B522&J

@0>223J

)ela("B522&J

@0>22J

)ela("B522&J

@0>228J

)ela("B522&J


79/80

V

oi) stepperrws"&

@0>228J

)ela("B522&J

@0>22J

)ela("B522&J

@0>223J

)ela("B522&J

@0>221J

)ela("B522&J

V

oi) lc)init"oi)&

;;;;;;;;;;;;; eset process 'rom )atasheet ;;;;;;;;;

)ela("15222&J

writecm)"202&J

)ela("522&J

writecm)"202&J

)ela("022&J

writecm)"202&J


80/80

)ela("/52&J

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

writecm)"208&J ;;'unction set

writecm)"22c&J ;;)ispla( on$cursor o''$*lin! o''

writecm)"221&J ;;clear )ispla(

writecm)"22/&J ;;entr( mo)e$ set increment

V

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m.tech Lab Manual JNTUH