MONET Monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs ... · Co-operation of MONET, SSC, EMEP, MSC East, GAPS Focused on the EMEP station as follow up of the EMEP passive sampling

Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

http://recetox.muni.cz

1

MONET

Monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in

ambient air using the passive air sampling technique

Pilot projects in the Central and Eastern Europe, Africa

and Pacific Islands

MONET-EUROPE

Ivan Holoubek, Jana Klánová, Pavel Čupr

RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, CR

[email protected]; http://recetox.muni.cz

TF HTAP Workshop: Focusing on Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Arctic

01 – 04/04/2009, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation



2

Contents

RECETOX/MONET activities – overview

RECETOX/MONET – Focusing on Central, Southern

and Eastern Europe and Central Asia

RECETOX/MONET – activities in other regions –

Africa, Pacific Islands

MONET-Europe – new campaign 2009-2010

And what the next ??



3

RECETOX/MONET activities – overview



4

Stockholm Convention on POP – Effectiveness evaluation

Article 16 – ‘effectiveness’ shall be evaluated after 4 years:

Monitoring data

Regional and global environmental transport

Core matrices:

Air

Human Milk



5

sunlight

precipitation

wind effects

particles

mounting bracket

PUF disk

air circulation

stainless steel dome

PUF-Disk PAS – Field Deployment



6

Passive samplers for POPs sampling

RECETOX Conceptual approach:

1) Applicability for monitoring on the global, regional, local

scales

2) Influence of environmental variables

3) Study of local effects

4) Development of the monitoring network in the Czech

Republic, Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, Pacific

Islands in the co-operation with the SCC, Environment

Canada, Lancaster University and some others

5) Study of temporal and spatial trends

6) Application for toxicological testing, risk assessment



7

Passive samplers for POPs sampling – influence of

environmental variables

Effects of meteorological conditions ??- Correlation of VEQ (m3) with temperature (ºC) and wind speed (m s-1)

for

various gas phase associated compounds.

Klanova, J., Čupr, P., Kohoutek, J., Harner, T., 2008. Assessing the influence of meteorological parameters on the

performance of polyurethane foam-based passive air samplers. ES&T 42, 550-555.

Can passive samplers estimate the atmospheric

concentrations of particle bound compounds ??

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

temperature (C°)

0

100

200

300

400

500

VE

Q (

m3)

PHE

PCB 28

PCB 153

a-HCH

p,p'-DDE

p,p'-DDT

HCB

1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5

wind speed (m.s-1)

0

100

200

300

400

500

VE

Q (

m3)

PHE

PCB 28

PCB 153

a-HCH

p,p'-DDE

p,p'-DDT

HCB



8

Passive sampling – RECETOX Network

What is it a MONET ???

MONET = MOnitoring NETwork

NADI

NAUSORI

LAUCALA

© RECETOX 2007

MONET_CZ =

Czech Republic

MONET_PIs =

Pacific Islands - Fiji

MONET_CEECs

= 22 countries of

the CEE + 5

countries of the

CA

MONET_Africa

= selected sites

round Africa



9

MONET_CZ - POPs Monitoring in ambient air



10

Municipal waste incinerator

Spolana Neratovice DEZA Valaššské Meziříčí

CMC a.s.

POPs Monitoring in ambient air – selected POPs sources



11

MONET_CZ – Report, Masaryk University, Brno, CR,

2007

Application of Passive Sampler

for Monitoring of POPs in Ambient Air

Part I: Model monitoring network in the Czech Republic,

(MONET_CZ), 2006

mounting bracket stainless steel dome

PUF disk air circulation

Jana Klánová, Pavel Čupr, Jiří Kohoutek, Ivan Holoubek



12

MONET-CZ - Monitoring of POPs in ambient air – passive

sampling - Σ 16 PAHs [ng/filtr], January - December 2006

+PCBs, DDTs,

HCHs, HCB,

PeCB

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

3.1

.19

96

3.7

.19

96

1.1

.19

97

2.7

.19

97

31

.12

.19

97

1.7

.19

98

30

.12

.19

98

30

.6.1

99

9

29

.12

.19

99

28

.6.2

00

0

27

.12

.20

00

27

.6.2

00

1

26

.12

.20

01

26

.6.0

2

25

.12

.02

25

.6.0

3

24

.12

.03

23

.6.0

4

22

.12

.04

Sampling Date

PA

Hs

[ng

.m(-

3)]

Σ PAHs (Aerosol)

Σ PAHs (Gas Phase)

PAS - PAHs

0,00

2000,00

4000,00

6000,00

8000,00

10000,00

12000,00

1.10

.03

29.1

0.03

26.1

1.03

24.1

2.03

21.1

.04

18.2

.04

17.3

.04

14.4

.04

12.5

.04

9.6.

04

13.7

.04

10.8

.04

7.9.

04

6.10

.04

4.11

.04

1.12

.04

29.1

2.04

26.1

.05

23.2

.05

23.3

.05

20.4

.05

18.5

.05

15.6

.05

13.7

.05

10.8

.05

7.9.

05

5.10

.05

2.11

.05

30.1

1.05

Date

ng

/filte

r

Benzo(ghi)perylen

Dibenz(ah)antracen

Indeno(123cd)pyren

Benzo(a)pyren

Benzo(k)fluoranten

Benzo(b)fluoranten

Chrysen

Benz(a)antracen

Pyren

Fluoranten

Antracen

Fenantren

Fluoren

Acenaften

Acenaftylen

Naftalen



13

MONET-CZ - Seasonal variations of PAHs in ambient

air, Košetice observatory – PAS - 2003-2008

PAS - PAHs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1.10

.03

24.12.03

17.3.04

9.6.04

7.9.04

1.12

.04

23.2.05

18.5.05

10.8.05

2.11

.05

25.1.06

19.4.06

12.7.06

4.10

.06

27.12.07

21.3.07

13.6.07

5.9.07

28.11.07

6.3.20

08

28.5.200

8

20.8.200

8

12.11.20

08

Sampling period

ng

filte

r -1

Benzo(ghi)perylene

Dibenz(ah)anthracene

Indeno(123cd)pyrene

Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Benzo(b)fluoranthene

Chrysene

Benz(a)anthracene

Pyrene

Fluoranthene

Anthracene

Phenanthrene

Fluorene

Acenapthene

Acenaphtylene

Naphthalene

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

3.1

.19

96

3.7

.19

96

1.1

.19

97

2.7

.19

97

31

.12

.19

97

1.7

.19

98

30

.12

.19

98

30

.6.1

99

9

29

.12

.19

99

28

.6.2

00

0

27

.12

.20

00

27

.6.2

00

1

26

.12

.20

01

26

.6.0

2

25

.12

.02

25

.6.0

3

24

.12

.03

23

.6.0

4

22

.12

.04

Sampling Date

PA

Hs

[ng.m

(-3)]

Σ PAHs (Aerosol)

Σ PAHs (Gas Phase)



14

MONET-CZ - Temporal and spatial variations of HCB in

ambient air of the CR - passive sampling 2006-2008



15

Integrated POPs monitoring - Observatory Košetice

Superstation concept - Observatory Košetice, CR

$

$$$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$$

NO99

HazelriggLancaster

Augsburg

DE9

DE1IS91

NO42

CZ3

FI96

SE97SE2

air

precipitation

soil

vegetation

EMEP POPs Network

Comparison of existing

programmes (EMEP,

GAPS, MONET) and

approaches (active vs.

passive)



16

RECETOX/MONET – Focusing on Central, Southern

and Eastern Europe and Central Asia



17

Central and Eastern European Regional POPs Centre +

Central Asia



18

MONET-CEECs

Goals:

Application of the polyurethane foam based passive air

samplers as a tool for determination of the effectiveness of

the measures of international POPs conventions

Filling the informational gap about the POPs ambient air

levels in the CEE countries where the regular monitoring

programs are missing

Evaluation of the temporal and spatial trends in the POPs

ambient air concentrations in the countries of the Central

and Eastern European region

Establishment of the long-term PAS monitoring program in

this region – MONET-CEECs



19

MONET_CEEC

I. PHASE

50 + 58 sampling

sites

RECETOX/CEEPOPsCTR Central and Eastern European

Countries Network – MONET-CEECs_I - 2006

Selection of sampling sites:

Country background

Country pollution

gradient



20

RECETOX/CEEPOPsCTR Central and Eastern European

Countries Network – MONET-CEECs_II – 2007; _III - 2008

MONET_CEEC

II. PHASE

37 - 68 sampling sites

MONET_CEEC III. PHASE

37 + 36 sampling sites



21

MONET_CEECs – Report, Masaryk University, Brno,

CR, 2007

Application of Passive Sampler

for Monitoring of POPs in Ambient Air

Part II: Pilot study for development of the monitoring network in

the Central and Eastern Europe, (MONET_CEEC), 2006

mounting bracket stainless steel dome

PUF disk air circulation

Jana Klánová, Pavel Čupr, Ivan Holoubek



22

HCH levels (S α, β, γ, δ-HCH) in the ambient air (ng filter-1) in

Central, Eastern and Southern Europe

March - August, 2006 +

April – September, 2007



23

PeCB levels in the ambient air (ng filter-1) in Central, Eastern and

Southern Europe

March - August, 2006 +

April – September, 2007



24

MONET-CEECs - Central and Eastern European

Network - 2006-2008 – comparison of background sites



25

RECETOX/MONET – activities in other regions –

Africa, Pacific Islands



26

NADI

NAUSORI

LAUCALA

© RECETOX 2007

NADI

NAUSORI

-

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

18,0

VI-IX IX-XII XII-II II-V

-

1

0,

0

VI

p,p'-DDT

o,p'-DDT

p,p'-DDD

o,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDE

o,p'-DDE

LAUCALA

-

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

18,0


NADI

-

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

18,0


NAUSORI

DDTs, FIJI 2006 - 2007

ng.filter-1

© RECETOX 2007

LAUCALA

Application of passive air samplers – Pacific Islands

MONET_PIs – 2006/7



27

MONET Africa 2008 – Pilot phase – sampling sites

Project is covered by the the Swedish Chemical Agency (KEML)

and partly by RECETOX



28

MONET - 2006-2008 – comparison of background sites

– Central, southern, eastern Europe, Africa, Fiji



29

MONET-Europe – new campaign 2009 - 2010



30

Passive sampling European network

MONET-EUROPE



31

Co-operation of MONET, SSC, EMEP, MSC East, GAPS

Focused on the EMEP station as follow up of the EMEP

passive sampling campaign and MONET-CZ and

MONET-CEECs

28 days exposure time, 13 sampling periods, from 30 March

2009 to the end of March 2010

Temporal, seasonal and spatial trends of POPs in ambient air

over the Europe

PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, HCB, PeCB

MONET_EUROPE – 2009-2010



32

MONET_EUROPE – 2009-2010



33

MONET_EUROPE – 2009 - 2010 – 55 sampling sites



34

Contents

And what the next ??



35

Future development

Measurements – monitoring – modelling

Basic information concerning to levels and distribution

Tools for effects, impacts and risk assessment

GENESISGlobal Environmental Assessment

and Information System

GENESIS

SYSTEM FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION BY PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

I. Holoubek, L. Dušek, J. Jarkovský, J. Klánová, M. Kubásek on behalf of developmental team

GENESISGlobal Environmental Assessment

and Information System

37

Launching analytical tools of the GENESIS system

Box models – direct

access to analytical tool

Comparison of compounds –

direct access to analytical tool

SedimentSediment

WaterWater

AirAir

VegetationVegetation

Human tissuesHuman tissues

Animal tissuesAnimal tissues

Food websFood webs

PCBsPCBs

DDTsDDTs

N =0

HCBHCB

HCHHCH

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

StartStart

EndEnd

N =0

Step 1: Matrix

N =0

N =100

N =0

N =XX

N =200

N =20

Data selection

Step 2: Compounds Step 3:Region Step 4: Time

N =XX

N =100

N =100

N =100

N =100

Apply

selection

Apply

selection

SoilSoil

PAHsPAHs EuropeEurope

Czech RepublicCzech Republic

Slovak RepublicSlovak Republic

N =100

N =100

DDTDDT N =100

DDDDDD

DDEDDE

N =100

N =100

EuropeEurope

N =80

N =20

N =50

N =30

N =35

Interactive

map viewer

Interactive

map viewerList of

selected sites

List of

selected sites

http://genesis.recetox.muni.cz

Interactive selection of data

Analytical tools

Alternative map selectionAlternative selection in table

N =XX

Map selection

Back to selection

dialog

Back to selection

dialog

Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selection

Freshwater PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007 Active

Selection

N=35

N =XX

List of selected sites

Project Site CHARACTERISTICS, POLLUTION SOURCE

MONET Bílý Kříž CHMI observatory, mountain background, north-eastern part

MONET Brno-Kot. Urban area, city center, residential, heavy traffic pollution

MONET Brno-Krof. Urban residential area, traffic

MONET Buchlov Rural background, inland

MONET Colorlak Industrial site, paint factory, former PCB consumer

MONET Děčínský sněžník CHMI observatory, mountain background, north-western border

MONET Churáňov CHMI observatory, mountain background, southern border

MONET Jeseník CHMI observatory, mountain background, north-eastern part

MONET Kleť Observatory, mountain background, southern border

MONET Košetice CHMI observatory, rural background, inland - local combustion

MONET Lib-Bed Rural residential area

MONET Lib-centr Urban residential area, city center

MONET Lib-Chrast. Residential site

MONET Lib-Jest. Mountain background

MONET Lib-Rádlo Rural residential area

MONET Lib-Roch Urban residential area

MONET Lib-Term Urban area, communal waste incinerator

MONET Mokrá-ad. Rural industrial site, administration building of the cement factory

MONET Mokrá-Hor. Rural residential area

MONET Mokrá-kon CHMI observatory, rurar industrial area, cement factory, traffic

MONET Napajedla Urban area, residential/industrial, city center

MONET Otrokovice Urban area, residential/industrial, city center

MONET Pha-Libuš Urban background

MONET Přimda CHMI observatory, mountain background, southern border

MONET Rad.-cem. Urban industrial area, cement factory

MONET Rad.-Kos. Rural residential area

MONET Rad.-Loch. Urban residential area

MONET Radotín Residential site

MONET Rudolice CHMI observatory, mountain background, north-western border

MONET Rýchory CHMI observatory, mountain background, northern border

MONET Sedlec CHMI observatory, rural background, southern-eastern part

MONET Slušovice Rural residential area

MONET SpN-Arch Spolana chemical factory, HCH, DDT, HCB contamination, impact of remediation

MONET SpN-kr.diox. Spolana chemical factory, HCH, DDT, HCB contamination, impact of remediation

MONET SpN-Tom Rural residential area, impacted by Spolana Neratovice

MONET SpN-Ton Urban residential area, impacted by Spolana Neratovice

MONET Svratouch CHMI observatory, rural background

MONET Šerlich CHMI observatory, mountain background, northern border

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Back to selection

dialog

Back to selection

dialog

Matrix Compounds Region Time Map selection

Freshwater PAHs Czech Republic 1988 - 2007 Active

Selection

N=35



38

Acknowledgements for the support of our work:

UNEP/SSC

KEMI

MoEdu CR – project INCHEMBIOL MSM0021622412 MoE CR

CHMI

http://recetox.muni.cz/ [email protected]

Thank you very much for your kind attention



39

http://recetox.muni.cz/ [email protected]

Thank you very much for your kind attention

Thanks to all RECETOX colleagues and all co-

workers from all MONET Central and Eastern

European and African countries and Fiji



40

Expert Advice on Future of Global Air Monitoring

FUTURE OF THE GLOBAL AIR MONITORING

WORKSHOP

Hotel Pulkovskaya, Red conference room, St.

Petersburg, Russian Federation

31 March, 2009

CONCLUSIONS



41


Results of „Future GlobalAir Monitoring“ Workshop

Key issues:

1. Comparability

• within program comparability is crucial for producing

reliable temporal trends for effectiveness evaluation of SC

measures

• comparability between programs is needed in order to

produce a common database

• program overlaps at selected stations should be encouraged

for this purpose

• further strategies should strive to collocate passive/active at

one site in each region

• harmonized approach to data reporting should be adopted



42



2. Particle-bound compounds

• more research is needed fin the field of interpretation of

passive sampler data for chemicals that partition between

gas and particles (PAHs, PCDDs, BFRs)

3. New POPs

• there is a need to include new POPs and relevant precursors

into target analytes investigated under existing monitoring

programs

• some studies have demonstrated the PUF disk samplers were

effective at capturing several new POPs classes (e.g.

chlorinated paraffins)

• proof of concept of SIP disk sampler has shown that it can

be used to capture new POPs



43



4. LRT, climate and meteorological variability

• we need to go beyond reporting data, understanding the

datasets is crucial

• using the sampling sites with the support of the

meteorological service is advisable

• it is important to develop tools (e.g. back trajectory

techniques, multimedia and transport models) to better

interpret monitoring data



44



5. Existing and new air programs

• for comparability and long-term sustainability of results it is

recommended that new programs grow from strategic

partnerships with existing programs, and benefit from their

experience

• newly established passive air sampling programs should

overlap at at least one station with an existing program to

demonstrate comparability

• existing tools for capacity building should be used whenever

possible



45



6. Data Availability

• existing and new programs are strongly encouraged to

incorporate data management in their programs

• consideration should be given to the most suitable format

and interface for end users of the data e.g. modelers

• data management tools offering multiple ways of data

interpretation and presentation beside the data storage are

needed

7. Cooperation and coordination

• future meetings of the program representatives are required

to further develop a comprehensive global air monitoring

strategy

Documents

MONET Monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs ... · Co-operation of MONET, SSC, EMEP, MSC East, GAPS Focused on the EMEP station as follow up of the EMEP passive sampling