Synergies between EMEP and EUSAAR Synergies between EMEP and EUSAAR

Wenche Aas and Kjetil TørsethEMEP/CCC (NILU)

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

The EMEP vision;

To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe

Artic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Slovenia

Hungary

Slovakia

Poland

Lithuania

Latvia

Estonia

Finland

Sweden

Georgia

Norway

Belarus

Czech Rep. Ukraine

Denmark

Moldova

Germany

Yugoslavia

Austria

Bulgaria

Liechtenstein

Turkey

Italy

Monaco

Cyprus

Switzerland

Malta

Netherlands

Greece

Belgium

F.Y.R.ofMacedonia

Luxembourg

Albania

France

Bosnia andHerzegovina

Spain

Croatia

Portugal

IrelandUnited Kingdom

Romania

Russian Federation

Iceland

Kara SeaBarents Sea

North Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea Caspian Sea

Aral Sea

Canada

of America

Kyrgyzstan

Kazakhstan

AzerbaijanArmenia

Uzbekistan

Turkmenistan Tajikistan

EMEP Topics

•Acidification and Eutrophication

•Photochemical oxidants

•Heavy metals

•Persistent Organic Pollutants

•Particulate matter

UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution ( 49 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first is

European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties)

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Monitoring programme:Level 1•Main ions in precipitation and in air •heavy metals in precipitations•ozone •PM10 and PM2.5 mass •meteorology

at ca 125 sites

Level 2, supersite• POPs• Heavy metals in air and aerosols• VOC• EC/OC, OC speciation• Mineral Dust• PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio

+ all level 1 activities

15-20 sites

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Level 3 Level 3

Develop the scientific understanding of the relevant physico-chemical processes Research driven

May often be available at locations other than level-1 and level-2 sites

Data would typically be provided by other institutions than those being responsible for implementing the national monitoring obligations

A number of relevant parameters are identified as being of interest for EMEP

Level-3 sites may include campaign data

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Programme Parameters Minimum time resolution

Level-3 sites (monitoring at these sites do not require all level-1 and level-2 parameters) Dry deposition flux of Nand S SO2, NH3, HNO3 (SO4

--, NH4+, NO3

-) Hourly/Daily Dry deposition flux of O3

O3 Hourly/Daily

Hydrocarbons C6-C12 Hourly/Daily NOy chemistry NO, NO2, PAN, organic nitrates Hourly/Daily

OC speciation Both water soluble and water insoluble OC

Hourly/Daily

“Black carbon” BC Hourly/Daily Size/number distribution dN/dlogDp Hourly/Daily Light scattering Aerosol optical depth Hourly/Daily Vertical profiles O3 soundings, PM lidar, Hourly/Daily Mercury speciation TGM, RGM and TPM Daily/Weekly Congener-specific POPs PCBs, PAHs, PCDDs and PCDFs Daily/Weekly Multi-compartment (air, soil, water)

POPs and Hg Daily/Weekly

Monitoring programme, Level 3Monitoring programme, Level 3

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Why EMEP needs these measurementsWhy EMEP needs these measurements

Large knowledge gaps on :

composition

sources

process understanding (e.g particle formation)

Transport and vertical profiles

All needed for model evaluation and development

In addition, known quality and completeness (i.e supersites) is essential

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

PM10, EMEP model/measurements, 2003PM10, EMEP model/measurements, 2003

EMEP status report 4/2004: a proper validation concerning the models performance regarding the aerosols content of mineral dust and particle water is hampered by insufficient measurements. Thus, the calculated concentrations for dust and particle water are still rather uncertain.

Excl water and mineral dust

EMEP obs

EM

EP

m

od

el

EM

EP

m

od

el

EMEP obs

Incl water and mineral dust

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

PM10 and PM2.5 composition in SpainPM10 and PM2.5 composition in Spain

0

5

10

15

20

25

Obs

B

eman

tes

Mod

B

eman

tes

Obs

M

onag

rega

Mod

M

onag

rega

Obs

M

onts

eny

Mod

M

onts

eny

Obs

B

eman

tes

Mod

B

eman

tes

ND-waterotherdustSSOC+ECNH4NO3SO4

“There is a considerable underestimation of measured concentrations of total carbon by the model, which is expected to be improved when SOA is introduces in the EMEP Unified model.“

g/m3

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Measurements for model evaluationMeasurements for model evaluation

From EC/OC EMEP campaign:

Relative bias for EC

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

AT

02

BE

01

DE

02

NL0

9

FI1

7

NO

01

IE31

IT04

IT08

PT

01

SE

12

UK

01

CZ

03

SK

04

% 2002

2003

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Quality assuranceQuality assurance Standardized sampling procedures (N2,N3,N4) generated by the NAs will be adopted and included in the EMEP Manual and presented for the Task Force of Measurements and Modelling (TFMM).

Define data quality objectives (N2,N3,N4) and organise instrument comparisons in connection with other national and international programmes such as EMEP and GAW.

Audits and capacity building (N6) Auditing sampling protocols at infrastructures, promote good practices and diffusion of knowledge through workshops and training courses (joint with EMEP / GAW activities)

QA/QC is a key element for EMEP/CCC. Harmonised QA between research and monitoring programmes are essential

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Data submission, database and disseminationData submission, database and dissemination

Builds on the work done in the CREATE project where EMEP and GAW harmonised their dataflow.

A few steps further (N5):

Include other parameters

Harmonised data submission, defining new protocols etc

Improved access to user specified data

Better statistical and graphical tools

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

EMEP for EUSAAREMEP for EUSAAR

Direct link to policy EMEP/CCC infrastructure of database, QA procedures and protocols and reporting will be used and developed

The results presented at the task force of measurements and modelling (TFMM)

Ensure sustainability Many of the participating institutions and the sites are already part of the EMEP programme, hence need to fulfil the monitoring strategy

Data produced will immediately be used to develop the EMEP model.

Wenche Aas, EUSAAR KoM, 19-21 April 2006

Support letter from the Chairman, Jürgen Schneider, of the EMEP Steering Body

Support letter from the Chairman, Jürgen Schneider, of the EMEP Steering Body

.. while with Level 3, we strongly depend on collaboration with research projects…

Obviously, the activities proposed under EUSAAR would be an important step forward in implementation of the new monitoring strategy and would help that EMEP will also comply with its challenges and goals in the future.