Why choosing for the DF 2+DF-2+

Modular SwitchgearModular Switchgear instead of RMU’s

h f i h ?or other type of switchgears ?

July 2010

All the inconveniences of the RMU’s, are solved by the SGC solution:

DF 2+DF-2+

Hereafter, a comparative analysis between RMU andHereafter, a comparative analysis between RMU and the modular concept

DF-2+ of SGCDF-2 of SGCas well as other switchgear with

July 2010

What’s in it for the users?

1 O t l t i i l ith DF 2+

DF-2+ is better for the environment1. Operators, electricians are always save with DF-2+

2. A “win / win deal” as at the end it becomes most cost effective due to reduced “total owning costs “ (Local costs + switchgear

t + d f li t + i t )costs + end of live cost + repair costs)3. DF-2+ is an innovative solution. SGC is striving to new

technologies4. Social responsibility > local employment5. SGC is the sole Belgian, independent supplier delivering high

quality products and services (ISO/IEC)q y p ( )6. E sourcing possibility through our ERP package7. Total investment cost can be reduced by purchasing DF-2+

July 2010

European Directive regarding SF6EU Regulation Nr. 842/2006 of the European Parliament

and the Council of May 17, 2006 related to some Fluorinated greenhouse gasesFluorinated greenhouse gases

&EU Regulation Nr. 305/2008 of the Commission of April

d b hi h l i h2nd 2008 .... about high voltage switches

July 2010

• SF is the gas with the highest GPW (Global WarmingDF-2+ is better for the environment• SF6 is the gas with the highest GPW (Global Warming

Potential)• New European directives valid as from July 1st 2008• New European directives valid as from July 1st 2008

– Limiting the applications using SF6

– Labellingg– Certified staff ( Refrigerating technicians )– Follow up and reporting the use of SF6

– Recycling of used SF6 gas

• Taxes already exists in some EU Member Countries( /k f f h )(DK = 54€/kg of 150% of the cost SF6-gas)

• Although a drastic reduction of SF6 volume in RMU in the l t d d th l i l i t till i hi h thlast decade, the ecological impact still remains higher than in an AIS (like DF-2+) cubicle.

July 2010

DF 2+ is better for the environmentDF-2 is better for the environment

• RMU:• 30 x more SF6- gas: the whole thank is filled with SF6

• In average between 2 5 and 4 kg of SF gas per tank (2 KT)• In average, between 2.5 and 4 kg of SF6-gas per tank (2 KT) depending of the manufacturer

• More aggravating for the environment

• DF-2+: • 30x less SF6-gas than a RMU: the load break switch is the sole

SF6-gas filled component• Only 3 x (40 gr SF6-gas / per switch) meaning a total of 0.12

kg for a 2KTg• Better for the environment

July 2010

DF 2+ is better for the environmentDF-2+ is better for the environment

• Taking into account that the volume of a compartment is higher in a RMU than in a DF-2+, the risk of a SF6-leakage is statistically higher with an RMU. Repair of leakages is in most of the cases very costly.

• In case the gas has to be eliminated longer intervention time and use of a DILO

• Recycling cost of SF6-gas is about 1/3 of the priceRecycling cost of SF6 gas is about 1/3 of the price of new gas.

July 2010

Open arc failures, really happens!p y ppWhen?

Without the operator With the operatorWithout the operator⇒ 25%

With the operator working in the switchgear ⇒ 65%g

With the operator pin front of a close door⇒ 10%

July 2010

Damages are mostly resulting inDamages are mostly resulting in….

S i i j i• Serious injuriesfractures, burns or even death. 75% of the incidents happens d i h f lduring the presence of peopleRepair costs:cost for the repair of the pswitchgear and other damaged equipment. Sometime the whole room is collapsing!p g

• Loss of production:considerable costs due to production stand still and delaysproduction stand still and delays in deliveries

July 2010

An uncontrolled arc causes:An uncontrolled arc causes:

• Hot gasses melting drops• Hot gasses, melting drops and thermal radiations may increase the damages

• A fast temperature increase can lead to a violent explosionviolent explosion

• Poisonous chemical substances can be formed due to the high temperature.

July 2010

The security of the operatorNotwithstanding the description of the IEC standard and the IAC class, there are limitations concerning the security of the operator. See hereunder some extracts from the IEC 62271-200 standard:

DF 2+ is doing this!DF-2+ is doing this!

July 2010

The security of the operator (follow)The security of the operator (follow)

DF-2+ is doing this!

July 2010

Time is a critical tt • 50ms:matter no physical injuries and neglecting

damages to the switching equipment

• 100 ms: no serious damages, only a bit of cleaning work and need of smallcleaning work and need of small repairs

• 500 ms:serious injuries and damages to the switching equipment.

• +500 ms:mstotal loss⇒ The fast reaction of SGC’s arc killer SV-25 (<50 ms) can minimise theSV 25 (<50 ms) can minimise the consequences of an internal arc.

July 2010

Arc extinguishing with the SV-25 Arc-killer in DF-2+

failure

ionisationionisation

ignition / pressure increaseg p

After 18 ms the trigger gg

mechanism of the Arc Killer operates

48 ms: arc is extinguished

July 2010

Security for the operator:

• RMU:• Chances to have a failure are rather small as all switching devices

are in a single SF6 filled tank. But if its happened than the consequences are catastrophic because the equipment is not foreseen f itfor it.

• The risk is existing, it is small but it exists!• Pay attention by installing RMU’s in cellars: provision for special

til ti d d i f l k > i l t tventilation needed in case of leakage > again, supplementary costs• DF-2+:

• No danger for the operator in case of a failure• No danger for the operator when the door is open during works• The false feeling of security is taken away with the DF-2+ because,

by open doors de complete security is guaranteed, this is not the f ll h bi l f h DF 2case of all the cubicles, except of the DF-2

July 2010

Protect your assetsProtect your assets

Th A Kill i t t th• The Arc Killer interrupt the arc in an early stage

• Injuries of people can be avoid• Damages to the equipment can

be minimised• Loss of production is limited to p

a minimum, it can take weeks to replace damaged switching equipmentq p

• The Arc Killer: a reasonable investment to insure security for your investments and assets.y

July 2010

Protect your assetsProtect your assets

In case of failure or calamity: • RMU: important repair costs > complete replacement

and one day without voltage.

• DF-2+: low repair costs > Only the cubicle were the failure occurs (or cleaning up), even without replacing the cubiclethe cubicle

> solved in 2 to 3 hours

July 2010

Protect your assetsLifetime:

• RMU:• ???• Compare to DF2+, only the bus bar is in the gas. Drives are

like for other products in the air and as such also sensible tolike for other products in the air and as such also sensible to environmental factors.

• DF-2+: • Heavy copper > less losses in the network > less heating >

longer lifetime• See also Laborelec test on load break switch RV44: min 30.

years sealed at a permanent level of 80°C• RV44 more epoxy + special form > longer lifetime• In RV44 also more copper > longer lifetime• In RV44 also more copper > longer lifetime• Each compartment is completely separate (like in metal clad)• Careful! these positive points are influencing the price.

July 2010

Protect your assetsProtect your assets

Dimensions:• RMU:

• A little smaller: 2KT in between 800 and 1400 mm depending of the brand

• DF 2+:• DF-2+: • Not much bigger than a RMU: 1500 mm for a 2KT• But considering the modularity of the cubicles of 500 mmBut considering the modularity of the cubicles of 500 mm

width, it’s always easier and simpler to install.

July 2010

Protect your assetsPrice level:

• RMU:

Protect your assets

• RMU:• Cheaper on the first look• More expensive connectors needed.• More expensive rooms needed• Supplementary accessories needed like gas coolers, large

supporting structures extra ventilationsupporting structures, extra ventilation.• More expensive in maintenance (cable testing)• In case of failure or modification, has to be completely

eliminated and replace b a ne RMU: against the same costseliminated and replace by a new RMU: against the same costs• DF-2+:

• Little bit more expensive (but you receive a lot of material)p ( y )• Modular concept: lower costs in case of failure and extension

works

July 2010

Protect your assetsWorking cost at the end of lifetime:

RMU

y

• RMU:• Higher waste costs at the end of the lifetime of the product

• When switching> high level of decomposition of the SF6 gas >• When switching> high level of decomposition of the SF6 gas > pollution volatile and poisonous substances from copper and steel> everything is contaminated > destruction required of all the materials at the end of the lifetime.the materials at the end of the lifetime.

• DF-2+: • As there is 30x lower SF6 gas, the waste costs at the end of g

the lifetime of a conventional switchgear is also 30x lower• Only SF6 gas and epoxy have to be destroyed, as the steel

and the copper can be recycled in opposite to the RMUand the copper can be recycled in opposite to the RMU

July 2010

E t i /Ad t ti f th it h i i

Protect your assetsExtension/Adaptation of the switchgear in service:

• RMU:• Totally not extendable (unless the initial choice was made for anTotally not extendable (unless the initial choice was made for an

extension possibility but than also more expensive solution)• Great difficulties with cable failures+ long intervention time for the

cable measuring + high risk of non re-installing the cables perfectlycable measuring + high risk of non re-installing the cables perfectly (happens already a few times)

• Impossible to increase the power of the transformer excepting when installing a new RMU (2KT becomes 2KD)installing a new RMU (2KT becomes 2KD)

• DF-2+: • Modular concept and as such easy to extend or to adapt.• Extension to the left or to the right always possible• Protection with fuses (DF-P) can later easy be replaced by a circuit

breaker protection cubicle (DF-D-500) – no cable problems and no p ( ) pneed to interrupt the main feeding (protected bus bar)

July 2010

Protect your assetsInstallation:

• RMU:• More difficult to install• Not ergonomic for contractors/operators• Not adapted toolsp• Heavy stress for the contractors/operators• Incorrect erection or installation may have heavy consequences

Diffi lt d i ti th t h t b li d• Difficult and more expensive connections that has to be realized with great care in order to avoid problem’s on long term.

• DF-2+: • Modular concept means separate cubicles > easy to install• Smaller units>less heavy > as such more ergonomic• Simple connectionsSimple connections

July 2010

Protect your assets

HV

Protect your assets

HV-room:• RMU:

• If not installed in an adapted room: heavy consequences in case of p y qfailure. The risk of failure is minimal but exists.

• Suffocation risk due to rising liberated SF6 Ventilation of the cable cellar

• Adapted working methods for handling of decomposition products of SF6 (white powder) after the incident

• DF-2+: • No specific requirements for the HV room thus cheaper

• Arc Killer = worldwide patented > unique in the world• Due to the Arc Killer the failure is eliminated within 50 ms. Due to the Arc Killer the failure is eliminated within 50 ms.

This avoid any pressure rising and as such no heavy requirements for the size of the walls of the room

• See the research of Dr. Pietsch

July 2010

What’s in it for the Utility?

1. Better for the environment2 Operators, installators are in all cases save with DF-2+2. Operators, installators are in all cases save with DF 2+3. In line with your asset management. Finally this is a win/win

situation. At the end cheaper (TOC: Cost of the room+cost of the switchgear+ cheaper costs for the end of lifetime+repair costs)switchgear+ cheaper costs for the end of lifetime+repair costs)

4. DF-2+ = Innovative solution, Deba has an eye on new technologiesnew technologies

5. Socially responsible> local employment6. DEBA is the sole Belgian, independant supplyer, taking also care

b t lit (ISO/IEC)about quality (ISO/IEC)7. The Utility can intervent during the development and production

process> R&D in Nevele multilingual8. E sourcing and sales configurator through our ERP package

July 2010

Residual risk from internal arc faultResidual risk from internal arc fault(Source: Mr. A. François)

IEC 62271 200 and 202 standards are insufficient They only take intoIEC 62271-200 and 202 standards are insufficient. They only take into consideration prefabricated rooms and the risk for the operators. Nothing is foreseen for the public inside buildings and for the stability of th b ildithe building.

Our tests and experiences shows that buffer volumes to avoid overpressures in rooms are generally more appropriated than tests impossible to realize in case of rooms in buildings.

Proposed conception rules are afterwards justified by a risk analyzes: equality between the type of installation and the proposed room.

July 2010

Experience: hall material (Source: Mr. A. François)

Can not happen with DF-2+

⇒Impact of an internal arc in open type equipment (hall) air insulated on a MV/LV substation build with a brick of 19 cm thickness.

It concerns a very old MV/LV substationIt concerns a very old MV/LV substation.In this case, the overpressure in the room is very important although the great volume, because the oxygen allowing the arc to develop its energy is present in abundance. In fact, no enclosure in a limited volume restricts the adding of oxygen.

L kil i thi t t i th d bli i th di t diLuckily in this case, no operator was present in the room and no public was in the direct surrounding of it. In case this would have happened in a place accessible to the public, we would have been on the first pages of the newspapers.

July 2010

Experience: with closed small buffer volume (Source: Mr A François)(Source: Mr. A. François)

Can not happen with⇒ happen with DF-2+

⇒Switchgear has been wrongly installed, against a wall, with a degassing volume of 10 x 200 x 150 cm only located on the back side, closed on all its faces. The internal arc took its origin on the instrument transformer side.

We may note that this volume is highly insufficient and that the disposition causes a level effect on the switchgear. No evacuation to the cable cellar was foreseen.

July 2010

Experience: with cable channel (Source: Mr A François)(Source: Mr. A. François)

Can not happen⇒ happen with DF-2+

⇒Here, a double internal arc due to an external creeping of the epoxy housing in especially humid switchgear.

The equipment is correctly installed on a cable groove of a volume higher than 2 m³, with an outer exit inside the room limited to 0.04m²

July 2010

Experience: effects on an aluminium substation (Source: Mr A François)(Source: Mr. A. François)

Can not happen with⇒ happen with DF-2+

⇒

Deformation of the side walls are limited the door has been snatch away The public wasDeformation of the side walls are limited, the door has been snatch away. The public was correctly protected as they were kept on distance from the door.

July 2010

Experience: phase to earth fault on RMU (Source: Mr. A. François)

Can not ihappen with

DF-2+⇒

Internal arc between phase and earth of a RMU connected by screened terminals (we do no more preconize this today).

You may note that no dangerous consequences appears for the operator the public and theYou may note that no dangerous consequences appears for the operator, the public and the room, due to the arc current limitation at less than 2000A by earthing the neutral through a limiting impedance associated to all HV/MV transformers

July 2010

Experience: internal fault on RMU (Source: Mr. A. François)

Can not happen with⇒ happen with DF-2+

⇒Internal arc in a ring main unit tank due to a lightning overpressure directly on the overhead line, insufficiently protected by a lightning arrestor.No visible external damages, except on the level of the burned bushings. The tank wasNo visible external damages, except on the level of the burned bushings. The tank was opened for examination.

July 2010

Kinney method for risk evaluation(Source: Mr. A. François) <20

Prob.of outside Expos- Seriou Risk

20

Material Room manifest. ition sness rateRMU on socle weak 0,5 10 15 75RMU on socle strong 0,5 10 1 15RMU sole standing weak 0,5 10 40 200

Seriousness should also Extra cost RMU + x

RMU sole standing weak 0,5 10 40 200RMU/Cooler weak 0,5 10 15 75Second familly strong 0,5 10 1 5Second familly weak 1 10 40 400Second familly on cable

be 15Extra building costx

Second familly on cable cellar reinforced 1 10 3 30Second familly with channel weak 1 10 1 10

AA34 > Extra material cost

DF-2+ Low 1 10 1 10

The innovative solution for you:

no extra costs and all available rooms

are OK

July 2010

Finally a few pictures of tests at Kema

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