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Mobile Apps for Teaching & Learning
Supyan Hussin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Seminar Interactive Mobile for Learning and Profit
CIAST Shah Alam 19 Sept 2013
Current Scenario
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Increasing in smartphones and tab sales
Smartphone shipments worldwide • 2011: 485 million • 2012: 680 million • 2013: 823 million • 2017: expected 1296 million
Tablet sales worldwide • 2012: 136 million • 2013: 208 million • 2017: expected 398 million
Source: http://www.portioresearch.com/en/reports/current-portfolio/smartphone-futures-2012-2016.aspx
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Mobile Apps
Games Communication
Learning apps © Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Applications
Entertainment
Security
Utilities
Mobile Apps
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Mobile Apps
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Trends: Mobile Apps Download
• Increase in mobile gadgets: smartphone, tabs
• Increase in mobile users, mobile apps
What is driving this rapid growth in downloads?
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Asia Pacific
Trends: Mobile apps users
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
10 Source : Nielsen 2012
Mobile Gadgets Ownership in SE Asia
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
phone
11 Source : Nielsen 2012
Future purchasing of Mobile Gadgets in SE Asia
Tab
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Web evolution and education
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Mobile Learning
Trends in integration of technology in T & L
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Correspondence:
Paper-based
Radio
Broadcasting
Off-campus
Paper-based
e-Learning II
Network-based
wireless
2020
broadband
Telephone
conferencing
Video
conferencing
Online materials,
Discussion; CMC
e-Learning I
Electronic based
Satellite
mobile
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
e-Learning III
Mobile based
ubiquitous
MAL vs MALL
• Mobile-assisted learning – Any subject, any discipline
– Use of mobile gadgets (PDA, tabs, e-book, smartphone)
• Mobile-assisted language learning – Specific language learning applications
– Use of mobile gadgets (PDA, tabs, e-book, smartphone)
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
CALL vs MALL
• CALL: computer-assisted language learning – Specific for “language
learning “
• Criteria of CALL: – Customized lessons
– Individualized instruction (structured/unstructured learning materials)
– Bi-directional learning (interactive, feedback)
• MALL: mobile-assisted language learning
– Specific for “language learning “
• Criteria of MALL:
– Customized Lessons
– Individualized instruction (structured/unstructured learning materials)
– Bi-directional learning (interactive, feedback)
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Learning
• Distance learning, computer-based learning, computer-assisted language learning, e-learning, mobile learning
• Technology is a tool, an enabler. • Learning is a process of
acquiring knowledge and skills from one stage to another with an increase in understanding and ability. Learning is measured.
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Learning
No learning
Basic concepts, keywords
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Mobility in learning or Mobile Learning
• Mobility = nomad learning
• Dependent mobility in accessing web materials
• Independent mobility using mobile apps
Web apps vs Mobile apps
Web program accessed via mobile gadgets (PDA, Mobile phone)
• Dependent applications/ contents
• Not downloadable
• Access the program from the websites
• Rely on internet line, wi-fi
Mobile apps accessed via mobile smartphones/tablet PCs
• Independent applications
• Downloadable. Download apps and install the apps into the smartphone
• Immediate access and use
• Direct internet access
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Review of Mobile apps for MALL
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
MALL apps
• All languages, but for this paper, the focus is on English language learning apps/materials
• Independent MALL applications, not web-based
• Downloadable, installable
• Paid, FOC, sample FOC + paid apps
• Gadgets: Smartsphone, Tab
• OS: IPhone, Android environment
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
“Good” MALL apps
• A good MALL apps should reflect 4 stages of instruction/pedagogical procedures – Introduction of key concepts, skills, terms
– Guide to enhance understanding of key concepts, skills, terms (demonstration, illustrations, examples)
– Provide exercises (drill-practice, simulation, game) to master the key concepts, skills, terms (exploratory)
– Asses the progress or achievement (test)
• Meet the requirement of 10 major criteria; based on principles that are derived from Behaviorist theory, Cognitive theory and Constructivist Theory
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Major Criteria in the Review Checklist
Criteria 1. System *
2. Language skills **
3. Program use(s) ***
4. Curriculum **
5. Language & culture *
6. Surface features **
7. Invisible functions ***
8. Interaction ***
9. Social characteristics **
10. Others *
• Total scores
• Recommendation
MALL Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) Courseware Quality Review Checklist by Supyan Hussin, UKM © 2013
• * Asterisk indicate the degree of importance
• Each criteria has a list of elements to be reviewed.
• Likert Scale 0-4 + comments
• Total up the score for each item in each section
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
The checklist is based learning
theories
Behaviorism – learning involves repetitious drills, habit
formation
Cognitivism – learning involves manipulation of thinking
Constructivism – learning involves re-conceptualizing
and reconstructing of meaningful knowledge based on
several inputs that are derived from various resources
Cognitive constructivism - Cognitive abilities,
potentials
Social constructivism - Interactions: teacher-
students, student-student, student-computerized
learning materials, students-outsiders
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Behaviorist Approach
Characteristics
• stimulus-response
• repetitious
• accuracy
• reinforcement
• observable
• surface structure
• contrastive
• performance
• scientific method
• surface structure
• description of “what”
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Adapted from Dr. Supyan Hussin 2013
Cognitive Approach Characteristics
• potential of mind
• acquisition
• learning
• analysis and insight
• rationalism
• intuition
• error analysis
• competence
• deep structure
• explanation of “why”
• self-paced learning
• self-directed learning
• autonomous learning
• discovery learning
• problem-based learning
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Constructivist Approach
Characteristics • acquisition • learning • search, gather • synthesis • reconstruction • interaction • cooperative • collaborative • networking • integrated • self-paced learning • self-directed learning • autonomous learning • experiential learning • problem-based learning
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
INTRO : TUTORIALS
Introductory Section
Present Info
Closing
The general structure and flow of a tutorial
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Learning
No learning
For mobile Apps
GUIDE: SIMPLE PRACTICE/DEMO
Introductory Section
Present Info
Question and Response
Judge Response
Feedback or Remediation
Closing
The general structure and flow of a GUIDE
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
For mobile Apps
Learning takes place in this activity
EXCERCISES: DRILLS-PRACTICE
Introductory Section
Select Item Question
and Response
Judge Response
Feedback or Remediation
Closing
The general structure and flow of a DRILL
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
For mobile Apps
Learning takes place in this activity
EXCERCISES: INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES
Introductory Section
Present Scenario
Action Required
Students Acts System Updates
Closing
The general structure and flow of GAME
Students Acts
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Individual pair or group
For mobile Apps
Learning takes place in this activity
EXCERCISES: SIMULATIONS
Introductory Section
Menu Selection
Action Required
Student Acts
System Update
Closing
The general structure and flow of SIMULATION
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
For mobile Apps
Learning takes place in this activity
ASSESSMENT: TESTS
Introductory Section
Select Item
Question
Judge Response
Progress Report
Closing
The general structure and flow of a TEST
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
For mobile Apps
Learning takes place in this activity
Reviewed MALL apps
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
This MALL application is good for general English practice with 112 "very good" scores; it has tutorial section, drill-practice section with 18 grammar packages in which there are 15 questions in each package, and records of performance. Assessed: 9 June 201
Menu
1*
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Key concepts • Lessons • Exercises • Assessment
Feedback performance
Progress report
Strengths: • Tutorial/Lessons • Substantial exercises • Tracking – progress report
Weaknesses: Screen - too spacious; can’t skip questions
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
This MALL application is good for general English practice with 136 "very good" scores; it has NO tutorial section; but it offers 16 tests on grammar, with 10 questions in each test. It also provides progress reports. Assessed: 9 June 2013
Feedback performance
Menu
2 Question
Tracking
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Exercises • Assessment
3
This MALL application is considered poor as the content is not focused to specific grammar items. Its score is only 68 for "very good" category. It provides a progress report. However, poor spelling and formatting. Assessed: 9 June 2013 5 Questions for each package
Report
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Spelling “Spaces”
It has • Exercises • Assessment
4*
This MALL application is considered average for general English practice with 68 "very good" and 60 "good" scores; it has no tutorial section; but it offers 16 tests on grammar, with 10 questions in each test. It also provides progress reports. It offers to retest and correct mistakes. Assessed:10 June 2013
Retest
Progress report
Menu
Test
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Key concepts • Lessons • Exercises • Assessment
5
Levels
enrichment
Question
English Gammar
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Key concepts • Lessons • Exercises • Assessment
Feedback
confirmation
Performance record
This MALL application is considered average for general English practice with 100 "very good" and 54 "good" scores; it has no tutorial section; but it offers 3 levels of language competency with tests that have 10 questions in each level. It also provides extra package for enrichment language activity using pronunciation/listening facilities. It offers progress reports of the performance. It offers to retest and correct mistakes. Assessed:10 June 2013
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
6*
Practice English Grammar 1
Menu
Choose the number of questions
Input the answer by typing; no MCQ © Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Key concepts • Lessons • Exercises • Assessment
This MALL application is considered above average for general English practice with 119 "very good" and 74 "good" scores; it offers 17 tutorial materials, 12 language exercises, and 33 testing materials. It also provides progress reports of the performance. Assessed:10 June 2013
Feedback and progress report
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Key concepts • Lessons • Exercises • Assessment
English Leap
Menu
Sub-menu
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
MCQ Feedback in color
This MALL application is considered above average for general English practice with 128 "very good" and 74 "good" scores; it offers 17 tutorial materials, 17 language exercise sets, with 5 questions in each set, and 2 sets of testing materials, containing 5 questions in each set It also provides progress reports of the performance. Assessed:10 June 2013
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Key concepts • Lessons • Exercises • Assessment
7
Simple Front page
Menu page
Sufficient reference/note page and information
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
It has • Key concepts • Lessons • Exercises • Assessment
This MALL application is considered above average for general English practice with 88 "very good" and 72 "good" scores; it offers 39 reference chapters, 28 language exercise sets, and 28 sets of testing materials, containing 35 questions in each set It does not provide progress reports of the performance. Assessed:10 June 2013
Test summary but no progress report
Latest performance indicator
Simple use of graphic
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Good or Bad MALL Apps?
• MALL Apps
– should cater for learning; enhance learning process
– provides individualized instruction (structured/ unstructured lessons)
– offers bi-directional learning or interactive features: feedback and progress report
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Top 10 Language Learning apps (FOC + Paid)
Source: http://www.appappeal.com/apps/language-learning
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Top places Web and MALL apps
North America: Livemocha, Babbel, Busuu, and Mango Languages
Europe Babbel, Busuu, and Livemocha.
South East Asia Busuu and Livemocha.
South America (Brazil)
Busuu and Livemocha.
Eurasia (Russia )
Busuu and Livemocha.
Top 10 Language Learning apps
based on worldwide popularity
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Top 10 Language Learning apps
based on worldwide popularity
Not rated according the Review Checklist*
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Top 10 Language Learning apps
based on worldwide popularity
Not rated according the Review Checklist*
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Top 10 Language Learning apps
based on worldwide popularity
Not rated according the Review Checklist*
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
Top 10 Language Learning apps
based on worldwide popularity
Not rated according the Review Checklist*
Conclusion
• The number MALL applications in the Play Store is increasing; therefore, there are more choices. Not only grammar apps but other aspects of language skills
• Review Checklist is only a guide.
• Review Checklist will help English language teachers and developers of MALL applications to improvise their products and create better applications for learning
• Review Checklist will help English language teachers to decide which MALL apps are good for their students
© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013
References
• New Media trends watch: http://www.newmediatrendwatch.com/markets-by-country/17-usa/855-mobile-devices
• Tablet ownership: http://tabtimes.com/news/ittech-stats-research/2012/03/15/nielsen-us-tablet-owners-purchase-far-more-media-europeans-one
• Global mobile statistics. http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats
Email: [email protected] Blog: supyanhussin.wordpress.com