Miljømikrobiologi

LMG

MolekylærMikrobiologi

Tre forskningsgrupper i mikrobiologived IKBM

MiljømikrobiologiGruppeleder Prof. Åsa Frostegård

LMG – Laboratorium for mikrobiell genteknologiGruppeleder: Prof. Ingolf F. Nes

- Studier av antimikrobielle peptider produsert av ulike melkesyrebakterier

- Genomikk på Lactobaciller, Enterococcerog Staphylococcer

- Bakteriofager

Excellent infrastructure forgenomics and microarrayanalysis.

Staff trained in matematics, bioinformatics and statistics,that can help analyse dataand develop better tools.

Comparative genomics and gene expression in bacteria

Microarray analysis

The genus Streptococcus

pyogenicpyogenic groupgroup

Molekylær MikrobiologiGruppeleder Prof. Leiv Sigve Håvarstein

Horizontal gene transfer

Extensive lateral gene transfer have taken place during the evolution of prokaryotic organisms

Conjugation

Natural Natural geneticgenetic transformationtransformationSex in Sex in bacteriabacteria

HorizontalHorizontal transfer transfer ofof DNA fragmentDNA fragment

TransformationTransformation totovirulent virulent bacteriumbacteriumVirulent

Virulent

A A StreptococcusStreptococcus cancan changechange propertiesproperties withinwithin minutesminutes!!!!

OswaldOswald AveryAvery

By By exploitingexploiting naturalnaturalcompetencecompetence in in StreptococcusStreptococcuspneumoniaepneumoniae,, AveryAvery and and coworkerscoworkers demonstrateddemonstrated thatthatDNA is the DNA is the hereditaryhereditary materialmaterialin 1944.in 1944.

The pneumococcus: ”old man’s friend” and children’s foe.

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes:

1-2 million deaths per year worldwide

Annually in the USA:

Meningitis: 3000 casesBacteremia: 50 000 casesPneumonia 500 000 casesOtitis media: 7 000 000 cases

More than 90 capsular serotypes have been detected

Current vaccines are based on the pneumococcal capsule

23-valent polysaccharide vaccine7-valent conjugate vaccine

A: Natural cell death

B: Predation. Competent streptococci kill non-competent streptococci and stealtheir DNA.

Two different sources of donor DNA for competent pneumococci

DNA

Strains producing different pheromone types

A Babel of tongues in biofilms on the mucosal membranes

Aquisition of DNA by Fratricide

Streptococcus thermophilus

S. thermophilus is widely used for the manufacture of yoghurt and Swiss or Italian type cheeses.These products represents a market value of approx. $40 billion per year.

Mikrobiologien ved UMB/NVH

- Har potensialet til å bli størst og best i landet både på forsknings-og undervisningssiden.

- Vil få unik bredde.

-Det bør satses spesielt på patogene bakterier, men samtidig er det viktig med faglig bredde. Dvs. vi må beholde miljømikrobiologien.

- Mikrobiologene bør samlokaliseres i lokaler som er bygget forformålet, dvs. med nødvendige spesialrom integrert.