Mikrobiologi Bioteknologi

Endang S. Rahayu

Fak.Teknologi Pertanian UGM

Molekular Genetika:

Molekular Teknik

Endang S. Rahayu

Endang S. Rahayu


Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment

1944 Streptococcus pneumonia

Endang S. Rahayu


Mutasi, Recombinasi, Rekayasa

Genetika

• Mutasi,

• Recombinasi

– Transformasi

– Transduksi

– Konjugasi

• Rekayasa Genetika

Mutasi

Figure 6.1

Figure 9.3

Base-Pair Substitutions

Figure 9.4

Shifts in Reading Frame

Rekombinasi

Figure 9.9

Genetic Recombination

Transformasi

Figure 9.10

Figure 9.14

Transformation

Transduksi

Figure 9.16

Generalized Transduction

Specialized Transduction

Figure 9.17

Konjugasi

Pla

sm

ids

Conjugation

http://www.cu.lu/labext/rcms/cppe/membrane/mcap.html

Figure 9.23

Mechanism of Conjugation

Genetic Engineering Started in 1970s

Other names • Gene manipulation

• Recombinant DNA technology

• Recombinant DNA science

• Gene transfer

• Gene splicing

• Gene cloning

Genetic engineering • Technology involved in removing,

modifying, or adding genes to a DNA

molecule

• The transfer of genes (segment of

DNA) from one species to another.

• This is impossible in naturally

breeding

Gene manipulation

• The formation of new combinations of

heritable material by the insertion of

nucleic acid molecules, produced by

whatever means outside the cell, into any

virus, bacterial plasmid or other vector

system so as to allow their incorporation

into a host organism in which they do not

naturally occur but in which they are

capable of continued propagation

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Organisms that contain genetic

material that has been altered in

a manner that does not occur by

natural mutation, mating, or

recombination event

Endang S. Rahayu


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Endang S. Rahayu


Products:

Recombinant Cultures

http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/

Endang S. Rahayu


Endang S. Rahayu


Topik

• Plasmids

• Restriction enzymes

• Gel electrophoresis

• Shouthern Blot

• PCR – Polymerase Chain Reactions

• Sequencing of the DNA

• Genetic Maps

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What is Plasmids ?

• Extrachromosomal DNA

• Having ori (origin of replication)

• Very small

• Carry genetic information

• Can be isolated from bacterial cells

• Important in a genetic engineering

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Natural role of a plasmid in bacteria?

• Plasmids usually contain one or two gene

that confer a selective advantage on the

bacterium e.g. antibiotic resistance gene.

• Every plasmid possess a replicator gene

can duplicated independently from the

chromosomal DNA.

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Antibiotic resistance genens and

replicator gene

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Plasmid pBR322

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Restriction Enzymes

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DNA double helixes are cut

at the axis of symmetry:

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DNA double helixes are cut

: sticky end

http://dlab.reed.edu/projects/vgm/vgm/VGMProjectFolder/VGM/RED/RED.ISG/cutting3.html

Endang S. Rahayu


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EcoR1 Recognition Site

Figure 6.13

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Electrophoresis

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Southern Blot

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Polymerase Chain Reaction

Endang S. Rahayu


Endang S. Rahayu


Sequencing the DNA

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Endang S. Rahayu


Genetic maps of E. coli

Endang S. Rahayu


Documents

Mikrobiologi Bioteknologi