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Migration and Industrialization. Chpt 13-14 Pages 406-506. Chapter 13 Changes on Western Front. Native Americans and Culture on Great Plains Believed land could not be owned Discovery of Gold - Colorado – 1858 1850s changed policies/treaties over land. Indian Wars 1860s-1880s. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Migration and Industrialization
Chpt 13-14Pages 406-506
Chapter 13 Changes on Western Front
• Native Americans and Culture on Great Plains
• Believed land could not be owned
• Discovery of Gold - Colorado – 1858
• 1850s changed policies/treaties over land
Indian Wars 1860s-1880s
• Treaty of Fort Laramie• Sioux Indians agreed to live on
reservations along Missouri River• Sitting Bull was never signed treaty• Gold Rush – Black Hills Mts • Clash b/w Indians and Colonel
George Custer• Summer 1876 Custer’s Last Stand• a.k.a Battle of Little Big Horn
• Sitting Bull surrender 1881
• Assimilation and Dawes Act (1887) aimed at “Americanize” Native Americans
• Took Indian land and divided into allotments for individual Indians
• Impact – ended communal holding of property, which ensured all Indians a home and a place in the tribe
• Indian land depleted to 150 million acres to 78 million acres
• What was really devastating for Indians?– Dying off of the Buffalo
• Source of food, clothing, shelter, and fuel
• 1890 less than 1000
• Battle of Wounded Knee 1890• Sioux Indians were suffering
starvation/disease• Ghost Dance performed in hope of
revival• Sitting Bull (leader)• Custer’s old regiment, rounded up 350
Indians took them to Wounded Knee Creek in S.D.
• Unknown shot fired, soldiers opened fire• Within minutes, 300 Indians slaughtered• This “ended” Indians wars….
• Cattle Becomes Big Business• After the War, beef huge demand, as more
moved into the cities; along with growth of RR from Texas to Midwest
• Map on page 415• Cattle Trails
• Legends of the West–Buffalo Bill’s Wild West
Show–Wild Bill–Calamity Jane–Annie Oakley–Sitting Bull
Settling of Great Plains• RR open the West • Union Pacific moved West and Central
Pacific moved East – yes, it was a race!• Homestead Act• 160 acres free land to any citizen • 600,000 families took this offer• Only 10% of intended land of
settlement was used way it was intended (corruption/poor management, difference in land quality)
• Morrill Act (1862, 1890)• Gave federal land to states to help
finance agricultural colleges• 1862, Iowa State Ag College and
Model Farm eventually renamed to ISU
• 1890, created colleges and universities intended for African Americans
Populist Movement
• Problems for Farmers• Crops failing• Mortgage farms manage debt• Land was becoming scarce• Couldn’t make payments on loans• High shipping prices on RR (grain)
• Farmers’ Alliance – sympathizers • Membership 4 million• Populism – “People’s Party”,
movement of the people• Reform! Lift the burden of
debt from farmers and other workers, bigger voice in gov’t• What did they want?
(page 427)
Chapter 14 Industrial Age
• Transcontinental Railroad• Union Pacific moved West (blue)• Central Pacific moved East (red)
Chapter 15-16• Ellis and Angel Island• Melting Pot– Myth many returned to
home land within 5 yrs• Chinese Exclusion Act– Suspended immigration
from China for 10 yrs – became permanent in 1902 (repealed 1943)
• Civil Service Reform– Replaced Spoils System “reward
system”• Pendleton Civil Service Act
replaced reward system and now based on merit –qualifications because
• President Garfield Assassinated by angry office job seeker in 1881
Wright Brothers - 1903• Kitty Hawk, NC
Changes Every Day Life• Mass production• Montgomery Ward opened – 1st catalog with 150
items• Sears and Roebuck Co.• Campbell's Soup, Nabisco, Coca-Cola• Woolworth and “five and dime” stores• 1903 First World Series game – baseball• Modern Boxing endorsed by Teddy Roosevelt• NY Coney Island Amusement Park
• Booker T. Washington– He believed blacks should
concentrate on economic self improvement rather than social equality and civil rights
• Tuskegee University 1882– Agricultural and Vocational
training school in Alabama• W. E. B. Du Bois– He believed education was key
to equality and voting rights
• Jim Crow Laws• Poll Tax & Grandfather Clause– Tax to vote– Literacy Tests– Grandfather – could only vote if
their father or grandfather had voted in the past
– Majority southern states made it extremely difficult for blacks to vote
• Plessy v. Ferguson 1896– Legal Segregation– “Separate by Equal” clause
Chpt 17-18• Progressive Movement• Prohibition – booze was the
evil of society– Supported by Protestant
churches– 18th Amendment - 1920– Repealed by 21st Amendment in
1933
Women’s Movement• Susan B Anthony• Suffrage and 19th Amendment
effective in 1920
• President McKinley assassinated in 1901 by anarchist V.P. Teddy Roosevelt took over at age 42
• Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”• Approach to social problems,
big business, and labor union• He distinguished b/w “good”
and “bad”• Preferred regulating BIG
BUSINESSES
• Regulating Food and Drugs – Meat Inspection Act– Pure Food & Drug Act
• Conservation Reform– Avid hunter himself– Set aside millions of acres
as national forest lands• NAACP
• President Taft (Republican)
• Bull Moose Party– Teddy returned hunting trip
Africa– Progressive Party became
known as Bull Moose Party – Roosevelt “as strong as a bull moose”
– Split in Republican party– Wilson clear WINNER –
Democrat in office
President Wilson (1912-1921)
• Imperialism– Stronger nations extend their
economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
• Hawaii (1959)• Interest since 1840s• Sugar plantations• Permission naval base at
Pearl Harbor 1887• Territory in 1898
Age of Imperialism
• Raw materials – need to feed the factories• European Markets, Hawaii, and
South/Central America• Feelings of racial and cultural
superiority
Spanish American War 1989-1899• Out interest in Cuba-colony of
Spain• Yellow Journalism– Writing style exaggerates news to
LURE and enrage readers– Kinda like tabloids today
• U.S.S. Maine– Letter leaked to press, insulting
President McKinley “weak”– American resentment towards
Spain increased
• In response• McKinley ordered U.S.S.
Maine to Cuba to bring home American citizens in danger
• 1898 – ship blew up in Havana’s harbor
• 260 men killed• Congress declares WAR in
April
• Fighting actually began in Philippines – other side of the world
• George Dewey• Fired upon every Spanish fleet and
was victorious within in hours• Filipinos wanted freedom from
Spain just like Cubans and were willing to fights along side Americans
• Back in Cuba• American forces landed in
Santiago, Cuba – June of 1898• Rough Riders – volunteer cavalry
under command of Teddy Roosevelt along with African American regiments
• San Juan Hill – famous battle Teddy famous but played a minor role
• Treaty of Paris – ended war in Dec. 1898
Results of War
• Spain freed Cuba• Guam and Puerto Rico to U.S. as territories• Sold Philippines also
• Many Americans uncertain of our annexation of these territories and role of the U.S.
• Philippines gateway to Asia and it’s markets• Open Door Policy – no single nation would
have a monopoly on trade with any part of China
• Boxer Rebellion – group against America’s role “foreign devils”
• McKinley, Roosevelt, & Wilson continue to exert its power around the globe
• President Teddy Roosevelt– 1901 after McKinley’s assassination
• Panama Canal (began 1904)
• Bought construction “process” from French company for $40 million
• Colombia ruled Panama – fighting broke out
• U.S. paid Panama $10 million plus annual rent $250,000 Canal Zone
• Open in 1914
Roosevelt Corollary • U.S. would use force to protect its economic
interest in Latin America – this comes after Monroe Doctrine (early 1800s)
• President Wilson gave a moral twist to it – “missionary diplomacy”
Results – turn of the Century
1. Expanded access to foreign markets ensure growth
2. Built modern navy3. Exercised international police power
to ensure dominance in Latin America