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Mga konsepto
Josephine S. Daguman, PhD Buwan ng Wika
31 Agosto 2020
Pangunahing konsepto
Uri ng salita (word classes)
Uri ng sugnay (clause types)
Pandiwa (verb)
Pangngalan (noun)
Morpema (morpheme)
Argument
Nominal marking pattern
Transitivity
Semantic role
TAM (tense, aspect, mood)
Valency
Uri ng salita
Pandiwa(verb)
Pangngalan
(noun)
Pandiwa
TAM (tense, aspect, mood)
Tense (Ingles)
I lived here.
I live here.
I will live here.
KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)
Nakaraan
Kasalukuyan
Hinaharap
Pandiwa
TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)
Tense (Ingles)
I lived here.
I live here.
I will live here.
KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)
Nakaraan (past tense)
Kasalukuyan (present tense)
Hinaharap (future tense)
Pandiwa
TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)
Mood (Sebwano)
Naglung-ag si Ana.
Maglung-ag si Ana.
KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)
Nangyari na (nakaraan at kasalukuyan)
Hindi pa (hinaharap)
Pandiwa
TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)
Mood (Sebwano)
Naglung-ag si Ana.
Maglung-ag si Ana.
KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)
REALIS (nakaraan at kasalukuyan)
IRREALIS (Hinaharap)
Pandiwa
TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)
Aspect (Guinina-ang)
Nan-isna si Ana.
Man-isna si Ana.
KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)
Tapos na (nakaraan)
Hindi pa (kasalukuyan o
hinaharap)
Pandiwa
TAM (tense, aspect, o mood)
Aspect (Guinina-ang)
Nan-isna si Ana.
Man-isna si Ana.
KAGANAPAN (A. Bejo)
PERFECTIVE (nakaraan)
IMPERFECTIVE (kasalukuyan
hinaharap)
Morpema
Pinakamaliit na
bahagi ng salita na
may ibig sabihin o
may gamit sa
gramatika.
Halimbawa
SALITA: pagkain ‘food’
UGAT: kain ‘eat’
PANLAPI: pag- ‘NOMINALIZER’
Uri ng sugnay (clause types)
May pandiwa
(verbal)
Walang pandiwa
(verbless)
Sugnay na may pandiwa (verbal clause)
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti ang bata.
Transitibo
(transitive)
Inayos ng bata ang mga libro.
Sugnay na may pandiwa
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata].
Transitibo
(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].
Sugnay na may pandiwa
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata].
ARGUMENT
Transitibo
(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].
ARGUMENT ARGUMENT
Sugnay na may pandiwa
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata].
ARGUMENT
1
Transitibo(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].
ARGUMENT ARGUMENT
1 2
Semantic roles
1. agent (AG) - gumagawa
2. patient (PAT) – apektado
3. location (LOC) – pook/lugar
4. instrument (INS) - gamit
5. recipient (REC) – tumanggap ng bagay
6. beneficiary (BEN) – nakikinabang
7. experiencer (EXP) – may pinagdadaanan
8. causer (CSER) – nag-uutos
9. causee (CSEE) – inuutusan
Sugnay na may pandiwa
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata].
agent (AG)
Transitibo(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata]
agent (AG)
[ang mga libro].
patient (PAT)
Syntactic function
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata]S.
Transitibo
(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata]A
[ang mga libro]O.
Pagmamarka (marking)
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata]S.
Transitibo
(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata]A
[ang mga libro]O.
Marking pattern
Nominative-accusative
O
Ergative-absolutive
A
S
A
S
O
Marking pattern
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata]S.
Transitibo
(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata]A [ang mga libro]O.
Marking pattern
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata]S.
ABS
Transitibo(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata]A [ang mga libro]O.
ERG ABS
Valency
Intransitibo(intransitive)
Ngumiti [ang bata].
ARGUMENT
1
Transitibo(transitive)
Inayos [ng bata][ang mga libro].
ARGUMENT ARGUMENT
1 2
Valency change
Addition
Reduction
Interlinear glossing convention
Leipzig Glossing Rules
2015
Earlier versions
Panlapi (Affixes)
unlapi (prefix) pag-
hulapi (suffix) -an
gitlapi (infix) <in>
kabilaan
(circumfix) ka> <han
(insuffix) <in> -an
Sanggunian
Dixon, R.M.W. 2013. Basic Linguistic Theory. Vol.1-3. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Dixon, R.M.W. and Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2000. Editors of
Changing Valency. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press
Dawson, Hope C. and Phelan, Michael. 2016. Editors ofLanguage Files. Columbus: The Ohio State University
