Mapeh Non- Communicable Disease.doc

7/24/2019 Mapeh Non- Communicable Disease.doc

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List of Non-communicable Diseases

An NCD or non-communicable disease is a disease that is not infectious and cannot be

transferred to others. Some of these are diseases that progress slowly or cause chronic

symptoms while others progress very rapidly. The orld !ealth "rgani#ation estimates

that NCDs are the leading cause of death worldwide$ accounting for %& percent of deaths

in all humans. 'n most cases NCDs attac( the body individually rather than being related

to each other. 'n this article$ we will give some e)amples of non-coommunicable disease

and a non communicable diseases list.

A Short Non Communicable Diseases List with Analysis

*is( +actors of NCD, Some ris( factors of non-communicable diseases include the

environment$ lifestyle or bac(ground such as the genetics$ age$ e)posure to air pollutionor gender of a person. Some behaviors such as a lac( of physical activity$ poor diet or

smo(ing which could lead to obesity or hypertension can also increase the ris( of

developing some non-communicable diseases. any of these are considered preventable

because the condition can be improved by removing the at-ris( behavior.

. DiabetesDiabetes limits the body/s ability to process glucose normally. Type diabetes which is

present from birth causes the pancreas to be destroyed by the immune system$ causing

glucose to build up in the bloodstream. Type 0 diabetes is developed over time causingthe cells to resist the effects of insulin$ causing unhealthy levels of glucose in the

bloodstream. *is( factor of Type 0 diabetes is being overweight or obese.

0. !ypertension

This is caused when an individual consistently has a blood pressure reading over 1&23&.This can be caused by diabetes$ smo(ing$ e)cessive salt inta(e$ obesity or (idney disease.

4. "steoporosis

This condition causes a decrease in bone mass which can ma(e the bones brittle and athigher ris( for damage. Around 5& percent of people who have osteoporosis are women.Additional factors which increase the ris( of this disease are the presence of diseases such

as rheumatoid arthritis$ inactivity$ low se) hormone levels or smo(ing.

1. Al#heimer/s

This condition causes dementia in those in advanced age$ or over %& years old. Symptomsof this condition can vary but often include getting lost$ memory loss$ difficulty managing

daily tas(s or managing money$ personality changes$ loss of bodily control or delusions.

6. !eart Disease

This is a very broad category of diseases which impact the circulatory system or heart.

This can include congenital heart disease$ rhythm irregularities$ heart failure$ heart attac($unstable angina$ mitral valve prolapse$ aortic regurgitation$ cardiogenic shoc( or

endocarditis.

%. +ibromyalgiaThis disease causes damage to soft tissue in the body. 't can lead to sleep disturbance

patterns$ widespread pain$ e)haustion or irregular heartbeat. ith time the symptoms can

progress causing cognitive or memory difficulties$ 7aw pain$ nasal congestion$ headachesor irritable bowel syndrome.

in sugar content is used almost exclusively


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8. Lung Cancer

Lung cancer causes malignant cell growth in the lung tissue$ often as a result of e)posure

to pollutants or the use of tobacco products. As many as 3& percent of lung cancer casesare caused by smo(ing with non-smo(ers having a very small ris( of this disease.

5. Leu(emia

Leu(emia causes the body to produce abnormal blood cells that then release malignantcells into the bloodstream. Since the bloodstream carries these malignant cells throughoutthe body they can affect other tissues such as the nervous system$ s(in or liver. hile this

disease is often associated with children$ most patients are actually men over %&.

3. S(in Cancer

S(in cancer is caused when ultraviolet rays damage the s(in cells. This can appearanywhere on the body but is most common on the s(in. Those that have low pigmentation

in the s(in such as redheads$ blondes or those with blue eyes tend to be at higher ris( for

this disease. Limiting direct s(in e)posure can significantly reduce the ris( of developings(in cancer and with early detection this disease is 36 percent curable.

&. Sei#ures or 9pilepsySei#ures are caused by a neurologic malfunction that causes abnormal electrical activity

within the brain. These can be locali#ed or cause symptoms such as numbness that stemsfrom an e)plosive firing of nerves in the brain. Tumors or brain damage can cause

someone to develop this disease.There is no cure for epilepsy but medications can help to

reduce the fre:uency of sei#ures.

Promoting health and preventing disease 2.3.1. Primary prevention:policies, strategies and action plans for major NCs and ris! factors"ntegrated NC strategies and#or action plans exist in $%& of thecountries in the 'uropean (egion. )s the total num*er of countriesesta*lishing an integrated national NC policy has progressed signifi

cantly in recent years, so has the num*er of ris! factors addressed *ysuch plans. +ig. 12 shos the ris! factors addressed *y integratednational NC policies, strategies and action plans. N"- sho thegreatest proportion of countries esta*lishing integrated action plansaddressing all four major ris! factors. )long ith the increase inintegrated national NC policies and action plans, the num*er ofcountries that com*ine early detection, treatment and care for cancer,cardiovascular diseases, dia*etes, chronic respiratory diseases andovereight and o*esity has also increased *y a*out 1& *eteen 21 and213. N"- have reported the most progress and the highest coverage ithsuch integrated NC control policies. /eyond the integrated NCstrategies and plans, many countries have disease0 and ris! factor

specifi c policies, strategies and action plans in the (egion. hesespecifi c policies have increased in num*er during the past decade inall country groups, *ut ith a steeper increase *eteen 21 and 213+ig. 134. he most fre5uent vertical policies and action plans targetthe prevention and control of cancer a*out 6& of the countries4,folloed *ycardiovascular diseases and dia*etes +ig. 1%4. he mostfre5uently addressed ris! factors for NCs are to*acco use, unhealthydiet and alcohol +ig. 1%4. -pecifi c national policies related tochronic respiratory diseases exist in a*out one 5uarter of the countries



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in the (egion. 7ost NC0related national policies, plans or strategiesin countries are operational and provide a good foundation forintegrated policies and action plans to prevent and control NCs. 2.3.2.+iscal policies he 'uropean NC )ction Plan 34 proposes that countriesuse fi scal policies to eff ectively infl uence health0related *ehaviour34. "n 21, 8& of the countries reported implementing fi scal

interventions to infl uence *ehaviour change such as taxation onalcohol, to*acco products and *everages ith high sugar content4. "n213, almost all countries in the 'uropean (egion tax alcohol andto*acco, ranging from 63& to 1& of countries in the su*regionalgroups. 9oever, most other fi scal interventions that promote healthhave rarely *een used in the (egion. axation on food and non0alcoholic*everages high


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Mapeh Non- Communicable Disease.doc