MAPE for Grade 3

7/30/2019 MAPE for Grade 3

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Fmkwbg <Fmkwbg <Fmkwbg <Fmkwbg <Bglh`hi {eg Clt`dt Bglh`hi {eg Clt`dt Bglh`hi {eg Clt`dt Bglh`hi {eg Clt`dt mn Fwt`d" Ls{t lhk mn Fwt`d" Ls{t lhk mn Fwt`d" Ls{t lhk mn Fwt`d" Ls{t lhk Qept`dlb Gkwdl{`mh 4 Qept`dlb Gkwdl{`mh 4 Qept`dlb Gkwdl{`mh 4 Qept`dlb Gkwdl{`mh 4

TEGSPB S( FMSLBGT" FGF

GBB@HMS NWL&IGSMH@FM" KGF" DQL

Islkg 4 Islkg 4 Islkg 4 Islkg 4

LHIGB OMEH @H[GISL[GK LDLKGFP

― L ymsbk&dbltt ldlkgfg nms clt`d gkwdl{`mh‐ 95<&K Csip( Blbljelh" T{l( Fls`l" Cwbldlh

G&fl`b Lkksgtt? gkw(lo`lAplemm(dmf



Bgttmht Bgttmht Bgttmht Bgttmht Qlig Qlig Qlig Qlig

Bgttmh <Bgttmh <Bgttmh <Bgttmh < B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhkt B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhkt B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhkt B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhkt 4 44 4 Bgttmh 3Bgttmh 3Bgttmh 3Bgttmh 3 Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ 5 55 5 Bgttmh 4 Bgttmh 4 Bgttmh 4 Bgttmh 4 Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt <4 <4 <4 <4 Bgttmh ; Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t Bgttmh ; Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t Bgttmh ; Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t Bgttmh ; Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t <0 <0 <0 <0 Bgttmh 7 T{ls{`hi Mcogd{t y`{e B`hgt Bgttmh 7 T{ls{`hi Mcogd{t y`{e B`hgt Bgttmh 7 T{ls{`hi Mcogd{t y`{e B`hgt Bgttmh 7 T{ls{`hi Mcogd{t y`{e B`hgt 3; 3; 3; 3; Bgttmh > Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht Bgttmh > Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht Bgttmh > Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht Bgttmh > Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht 4< 4< 4< 4<

Bgttmh 9 Bgttmh 9 Bgttmh 9 Bgttmh 9 Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst 49 49 49 49 Bgttmh 5 Fù`hi fmsg Dmbmst Bgttmh 5 Fù`hi fmsg Dmbmst Bgttmh 5 Fù`hi fmsg Dmbmst Bgttmh 5 Fù`hi fmsg Dmbmst ;; ;; ;; ;; Bgttmh 0 Bgttmh 0 Bgttmh 0 Bgttmh 0 Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg 71 71 71 71

Fmkwbg Dmh{gh{ Fmkwbg Dmh{gh{ Fmkwbg Dmh{gh{ Fmkwbg Dmh{gh{



‒Lsg Pmw Tbggq`hi‖‒Lsg Pmw Tbggq`hi‖‒Lsg Pmw Tbggq`hi‖‒Lsg Pmw Tbggq`hi‖

Lsg pmw tbggq`hi" Lsg pmw tbggq`hi" Lsg pmw tbggq`hi" Lsg pmw tbggq`hi"

Lsg pmw tbggq`hi Lsg pmw tbggq`hi Lsg pmw tbggq`hi Lsg pmw tbggq`hi

Csm{egs Omeh" csm{egs Omeh Csm{egs Omeh" csm{egs Omeh Csm{egs Omeh" csm{egs Omeh Csm{egs Omeh" csm{egs Omeh

Fmsh`hi cgbbt lsg s`hi`hi Fmsh`hi cgbbt lsg s`hi`hi Fmsh`hi cgbbt lsg s`hi`hi Fmsh`hi cgbbt lsg s`hi`hi

Fmsh`hi cgbb lsg s`hi`hi Fmsh`hi cgbb lsg s`hi`hi Fmsh`hi cgbb lsg s`hi`hi Fmsh`hi cgbb lsg s`hi`hi

K`hi kmhi k`hi K`hi kmhi k`hi K`hi kmhi k`hi K`hi kmhi k`hi

K`hi kmhi k`hi K`hi kmhi k`hi K`hi kmhi k`hi K`hi kmhi k`hi

B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhk(B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhk(B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhk(B`t{gh`hi {m Tmwhk(Bgttmh <Bgttmh <Bgttmh <Bgttmh <(

4

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh <" pmw temwbk el~g? l( `kgh{`n`gk {e`hit {el{ qsmkwdgk tmwhk(c( dl{gims`zgk tmwsdgt mn tmwhk eglsk(d( lqqsgd`l{gk mhg‐t ~m`dg lt pmw tlhi lbmhi y`{e dblttfl{gt(―k( ~lbwgk ismwq dmmqgsl{`mh mh l qgsnmsfgk ismwq ilfg(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Yl{de lhk b`t{gh {eg fwt`d ~`kgm {el{ pmws {gldegs y`bb qblp(

Pmw dlh t`hi lbmhi y`{e {eg tmhi lhk fm~g pmws cmkp ye`bg b`t{gh`hi(

K`k pmw ghompgk b`t{gh`hi {m {eg tmhi= Lil`h" yel{ pmw el~g eglsk `t l tmhi( L tmhi tmhi tmhi tmhi `t flkg wq mn tmwhk ql{{gsht( Tmwhk Tmwhk Tmwhk Tmwhk `t lhp{e`hi {el{ yg egls wt`hi mws tghtg mn egls`hi‛{eg gls(



@h {eg tmhi ‒Lsg pmw tbggq`hi‖" Ys`{g kmyh {eg tmwhk lhk yem

fljgt {eg tmwhk(Gu( Tmwhk mn? Thms`hi Yem? Csm{egs Omeh

Tmwhk mn…Tmwhk mn…Tmwhk mn…Tmwhk mn… Yem…Yem…Yem…Yem…

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Tmwhkt dlh cg eglsk g~gspyegsg & l{ emfg" `h tdemmb" `h

{eg qlsj" `h {eg t{sgg{ lhk `h flhp m{egs qbldgt( Qgmqbg lhk lh`flbt lbtm fljg {eg`s myh tmwhkt( Dbltt`np cgbmy {eg tmwsdgt mn tmwhkt lhk qw{ {egf `h {eg`s qsmqgs cmugt(

Kmi Sl`h L`sqblhg Dbmdj

Emstg [ewhkgs [gbgqemhg Cml{

C`sk Yl~gt [sl`h Slk`m

Dmy Dls Y`hk Kmmscgbb

Ld{`~`{p <( <Ld{`~`{p <( <Ld{`~`{p <( <Ld{`~`{p <( <

;

Ld{`~`{p <( 3Ld{`~`{p <( 3Ld{`~`{p <( 3Ld{`~`{p <( 3



Tmwsdgt mn Tmwhk? Tmwsdgt mn Tmwhk? Tmwsdgt mn Tmwhk? Tmwsdgt mn Tmwhk? L( Hl{wsg C( Mcogd{t

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D( Lh`flbt K( [slhtqms{l{`mh

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K`k pmw `kgh{`np glde mn {eg tmwhk dmssgd{bp= Tmwhkt lsg qsmkwdgk k`nngsgh{bp( Qsmkwd`hi k`nngsgh{ tmwhk egbqt pmw `kgh{`np `{t

tmwsdg lhk yel{ fljgt {eg tmwhkt(

Tmwhkt lsg lbtm eglsk k`nngsgh{bp cgdlwtg mn `{t tmn{ lhk bmwk ~mbwfg( Dlh pmw `kgh{`np bmwk lhk tmn{ tmwhkt=

7



Lsg pmw ghomp`hi bglsh`hi lcmw{ tmwhkt= Hmy" pmws {gldegs

y`bb qblp lhm{egs ~`kgm lcmw{ lh`flb tmwhkt( @kgh{`np {eg tmwhk glde lh`flb qsmkwdgk(

Lh`flb Lh`flb Lh`flb Lh`flb Tmwhk Tmwhk Tmwhk Tmwhk <( Kmi ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

3( Dmy ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] 4( Kwdj ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

;( Myb ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]7( Dl{ ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>( C`sk ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]9( Qì ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

5( Fmwtg ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]0( Emstg ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<1( Teggq ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

<<( Slcc`{ ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<3(Qgmqbg ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<4( Thljg ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<;( De`djgh ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<7( Nsmi ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<>( Cggt ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<9( Kmhjgp ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

<5( Gbgqelh{ ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]<0( Cgls ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

31(B`mh ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Ld{`~`{p <( 4 Ld{`~`{p <( 4 Ld{`~`{p <( 4 Ld{`~`{p <( 4

>



Fl{de {eg q`d{wsgt {m {eg`s dmssgd{ tmwhkt( Ys`{g {eg bg{{gs mn

{eg dmssgd{ lhtygs mh {eg cblhj qsm~`kgk cgnmsg glde hwfcgs(

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9

Bg{‐t {ljg l \w`z,Bg{‐t {ljg l \w`z,Bg{‐t {ljg l \w`z,Bg{‐t {ljg l \w`z,

L( S`cc`{(((s`cc`{…(

C( Qss`{{…qss`{{{(((

D( K`hi(((kmhi(((

K( Js`hhii…(js`hhii(((

G( Ewewe(((ewe((ewe(((

^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,Tmwhkt dlh cg eglsk g~gspyegsg( Mws glst egbq wt egls {eg tmwhk `h

mws gh~`smhfgh{( [lj`hi immk dlsg mn mws tghtg mn egls`hi twsgbp fljgt mws b`ng fmsg nwh lhk gud`{`hi(



Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ Nggb`hi {eg Fwt`d Cgl{ Bgttmh 3Bgttmh 3Bgttmh 3Bgttmh 3

5

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh 3" pmw temwbk el~g? l( flkg k`t{`hd{`mh cg{yggh hm`tg lhk fwt`d(c( bglshgk {el{ fwt`d `t wtgk `h k`nngsgh{ ylpt(d( ~lbwgk fwt`d lhk `{t fglh`hi(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Yl{de lhk b`t{gh {m {eg fwt`d ~`kgm gh{`{bgk ―@ b`jg {eg Nbmygst‖(

Pmw dlh t`hi lbmhi {mig{egs y`{e pmws {gldegs lhk dblttfl{gt lt pmw lbb b`t{gh {m {eg fwt`d(

‒@ b`jg {eg Nbmygst‖

@ b`jg {eg nbmygst" @ b`jg {eg klnnmk`bt

@ b`jg {eg fmwh{l`ht @ b`jg {eg smbb`hi e`bbt

@ b`jg {eg dlfq t`{g yegh {eg bìe{t lsg imhg Cmmf {`plsl" cmmf {`plsl" cmmf {`plsl" cmmf {`plsl %3u)

[gbb tmfg{e`hi lcmw{ {eg tmhi pmw b`t{ghgk {m( Yel{ tmwhk kmgt `{ fljg= @t `{ l qbglt`hi tmwhk ms lh `ss`{l{`hi hm`tg=



[eg tmhi ―@ b`jg {eg nbmygs‐ `t l {pqg mn tmwhk dlbbgk fwt`d(fwt`d(fwt`d(fwt`d(Fwt`d `t msilh`zgk tmwhkt( @h fwt`d" {eg tmwhkt lsg qw{ {mig{egs {m nmsf qbgltlh{ tmwhk( Qbgltlh{ tmwhk fglht `{ `t ghomplcbg {m

b`t{gh l{ lhk pmw b`jg egls`hi `{ m~gs lhk m~gs lil`h( Mh {eg m{egs elhk" hm`tg hm`tg hm`tg hm`tg `t whqbgltlh{ lhk qsmkwdgt lh `ss`{l{`hi

tmwhk(

Degdj % ∟ ) {eg q`d{wsgt {el{ qsmkwdgk qbgltlh{ tmwhk(

0

Ld{`~`{p 3(<Ld{`~`{p 3(<Ld{`~`{p 3(<Ld{`~`{p 3(<





B`t{gh`hi {m k`nngsgh{ j`hkt mn fwt`d i`~gt wt k`nngsgh{

nggb`hit lt ygbb( Fwt`d lbtm elt k`nngsgh{ fglh`hit( [eg bps`dt ms ymskt mn {eg tmhi i`~g wt lh `kgl mn yel{ `{`t lbb lcmw{( @h {eg tmhi ‒@ b`jg {eg Nbmygs‖" yel{ km pmw {e`hj `t {eg {egfg ms {eg fl`h `kgl mn {eg tmhi=

Ys`{g l{ bglt{ {esgg %4)tgh{ghdgt {gbb`hi yel{ {eg tmhi `t lbb lcmw{( Pmw dlh lil`h b`t{gh {m {eg tmhi {m egbq pmw ys`{g pmws `kgl(

[eg tmhi ‒@ B`jg {eg Nbmygs‖ tlpt

lcmw{ ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

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<<

Ld{`~`{p 3(4 Ld{`~`{p 3(4 Ld{`~`{p 3(4 Ld{`~`{p 3(4



L( Fl{de {eg tmwhk {m {eg qbldg yegsg `{ dlh cg eglsk( Ys`{g {eg

bg{{gs mn {eg dmssgd{ lhtygs mh {eg cblhj qsm~`kgk cgnmsg glde hwfcgs(

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<3


^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,Fwt`d `t l tmwhk {el{ `t qbgltlh{ {m egls( Lt`kg nsmf b`t{gh`hi {m

fwt`d" fwt`dlb tmwhkt el~g flhp `fqms{lh{ wtgt {m qgmqbg(

C( Nmsgt{

L( Cltjg{clbb dmws{

D( Dmhdgs{ elbb

K( T{sgg{

G( Dewsde



Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Hm{gt Bgttmh 4 Bgttmh 4 Bgttmh 4 Bgttmh 4

<4

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh 4" pmw temwbk el~g? l( sgdmih`zgk {eg k`nngsgh{ fwt`dlb hm{gt(c( kslyh {eg k`nngsgh{ fwt`dlb hm{gt d( `kgh{`n`gk {eg hwfcgs mn cgl{t sgdg`~gk cp glde hm{g(― k( kg~gbmqgk ql{`ghdg `h `h{gsqsg{`hi fwt`dlb hm{gt(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Yl{de lhk b`t{gh {m {eg fwt`d ~`kgm ‒ C@HIM‖([m fljg `{ fmsg

nwh lhk ghomplcbg" nmsf l ismwq mn n`~g ye`de sgqsgtgh{t {eg bg{{gst&C" @ " H" I lhk M( Pmw y`bb temw{ {eg bg{{gs mn pmws ismwq mhdg pmw egls `{ `h {eg tmhi( [egh dblq mhdg pmw tgg `{‐t pmws ismwq‐t

{wsh {m dblq( Owt{ qblp {eg ilfg t`f`bls {m {eg fwt`d ~`kgm( [eg bg{{gs ismwq ye`de y`bb hm{ el~g lhp f`t{ljg y`ht, Mn dmwstg" {eg y`hh`hi ismwq y`bb cg i`~gh gu{sl qm`h{t,

‒C&@&H&I&M‖

[egsg ylt l nlsfgs elk l kmi

Lhk C`him ylt e`t hlfg —me

C&@&H&I&M" C&@&H&I&M" C&@&H&I&M lhk

C`him ylt e`t hlfg&me,



<;

Hmy" bmmj l{ {eg fwt`dlb hm{gt mn {eg tmhi( Dlh pmw tgg {eg tpfcmbt wtgk `h {eg tmhi= [egtg lsg dlbbgk hm{gt(hm{gt(hm{gt(hm{gt( Hm{gt lsg {eg clt`d fwt`dlb tpfcmbt( @{ sgqsgtgh{t {eg ~lsp`hi kwsl{`mh lhk q {̀de

mn tmwhkt( Bg{‐t ig{ {m jhmy {egtg fwt`dlb hm{gt(

<( L yembg hm{g yembg hm{g yembg hm{g yembg hm{g % ) sgdg`~gt {eg fmt{ cgl{ ms elt {eg bmhigt{ tmwhk kwsl{`mh y`{e nmws %;) cgl{t(





Ld{`~`{p 4(<Ld{`~`{p 4(<Ld{`~`{p 4(<Ld{`~`{p 4(<Hm{gt lsg {eg clt`d fwt`dlb tpfcmbt ye`de sgqsgtgh{ {eg

~lsp`hi kwsl{`mh lhk q`{de mn tmwhkt( N`bb `h {eg hlfgt lhk hwfcgs mn cgl{t hggkgk cp glde fwt`dlb hm{gt(

Dmwh{ {eg {`fg ~lbwg mn glde tg{ mn hm{gt( Ksly {eg hm{g ~lbwg mh {eg b`hgt(

<( * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

3( * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

4( * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

<>

Hm{gt Hlfgt [`fg l̂bwgt

Ld{`~`{p 4( 3Ld{`~`{p 4( 3Ld{`~`{p 4( 3Ld{`~`{p 4( 3



Ld{`~`{p 4( 4 Ld{`~`{p 4( 4 Ld{`~`{p 4( 4 Ld{`~`{p 4( 4

Dmwh{ {eg {`fg ~lbwg mn glde tg{ mn hm{gt( Ksly {eg hm{g ~lbwg mh {eg b`hgt(

;( * * * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

7( * * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Ys`{g {eg hwfcgs mn cgl{t glde hm{g sgdg`~gt lhk {eg {m{lb {`fg

~lbwg( Gu( * 6< * < 6 3 cgl{t

<( * * 6* * 6 cgl{t

3( * * * 6

* * * 6 cgl{

4( * * * 6

* * * 6 cgl{t

;( * * * 6

* * * 6 cgl{t

<9



Ghd`sdbg {eg dmssgd{ lhtygs(

<( L ]]]] hm{g sgdg`~gt {eg fmt{ cgl{(l( yembg c( elbn d( |wls{gs k( gìe{

3( ]]]]] lsg clt`d fwt`dlb tpfcmbt {el{ sgqsgtgh{ {eg ~lsp`hi kwsl{`mh lhk q`{de mn tmwhkt(

l( sep{ef c( fwt`d d( tmwhk k( hm`tg

4( Lh gìe{e hm{g sgdg`~gt ]]]] cgl{(l( mhg c( ¸ d( ¶ k( ²

;( [eg hm{g {el{ sgdg`~gt {eg tems{gt{ kwsl{`mh mn cgl{ `t? l( elbn hm{g c( |wls{gs hm{g d( gìe{ hm{g k( tù{ggh{e hm{g

7( @h {eg fwt`dlb tegg{ mn {eg tmhi ―C`him"‐ yel{ fwt`dlb hm{g ylt hm{ qsgtgh{=

l( yembg hm{g c( elbn hm{g d( |wls{gs hm{g k( hmhg

<5


^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,Fwt`dlb hm{gt lsg {eg clt`d tpfcmbt `h fwt`d( @{ `t `fqms{lh{ {m jhmy lhk cg nlf`b`ls y`{e {egtg hm{gt( Pmw fwt{ cg ql{`gh{ `h t{wkp`hi {egtg hm{gt( Sgfgfcgs {el{ qsld{`dg fljgt qgsngd{,((



Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t Bglsh`hi Lcmw{ Fwt`dlb Sgt{t Bgttmh ; Bgttmh ; Bgttmh ; Bgttmh ;

<0

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh ;" pmw temwbk el~g? l( `kgh{`n`gk {eg k`nngsgh{ fwt`dlb sgt{t(c( kslyh {eg k`nngsgh{ fwt`dlb sgt{t d( kg{gsf`hgk {eg {`fg ~lbwg lhk g|w`~lbgh{ hm{g mn glde sgt{(―k( kg~gbmqgk ql{`ghdg `h `h{gsqsg{`hi fwt`dlb sgt{t(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh El~g pmw guqgs`ghdgk ig{{`hi {`sgk mn {lbj`hi ms t`hi`hi= @n

pmw el~g {el{ nggb`hi" yel{ km pmw km= Wtwlbbp yg {ljg l sgt{ lhk {sp {m jggq t`bgh{ nms l ye`bg( @h fwt`d" yg lbtm el~g {e`t j`hk mn ld{`mh dlbbgk sgt{ sgt{ sgt{ sgt{ ( Fwt`dlb sgt{ fglht t`bghdg( @h t`hi`hi l sgt{

tìh i`~gt {`fg {m l t`higs {m sgt{ ms csgl{eg lhk qlwtg(Sgt{t Sgt{t Sgt{t Sgt{t Hm{gt Hm{gt Hm{gt Hm{gt [`fg ^lbwgt [`fg ^lbwgt [`fg ^lbwgt [`fg ^lbwgt

< cgl{ ¶ cgl{

² cgl{

3 cgl{t

; cgl{t



31

T{wkp {eg fwt`d tegg{ mn {eg tmhi ‒‖K`hi Kmhi Cgbb‖(Pmws {gldegs y`bb lbtm qblp `{t fwt`d ~`kgm( [sp {m b`t{gh emy glde fwt`dlb sgt{ lnngd{t `{t sep{ef(



Ld{`~`{p ;( 3Ld{`~`{p ;( 3Ld{`~`{p ;( 3Ld{`~`{p ;( 3

Ld{`~`{p ;(<Ld{`~`{p ;(<Ld{`~`{p ;(<Ld{`~`{p ;(<Fwt`dlb sgt{t el~g {eg`s g|w`~lbgh{ hm{gt lhk {`fg ~lbwg( Dlh

pmw ys`{g {eg hlfg mn glde fwt`dlb sgt{ lhk `{t {`fg ~lbwg=

Ksly {eg tqgd`n`gk sgt{t `ht`kg {eg cmugt(

3<

]] cgl{t

]] cgl{t

]] cgl{

]] cgl{

]] cgl{

4 yembg sgt{t 3 elbn sgt{ ; |wls{gs sgt{t

; gìe{e sgt{t ; tù{ggh{e sgt{t 3 yembg sgt{t lhk l |wls{gs sgt{



Ld{`~`{p ;( 4 Ld{`~`{p ;( 4 Ld{`~`{p ;( 4 Ld{`~`{p ;( 4 L( Ys`{g {eg hwfcgs mn cgl{t glde sgt{ sgdg`~gt lhk {eg {m{lb

{`fg ~lbwg(Gu( * * 3 < < 6 ; cgl{t

<( * * *6 ]]]]]]]]]]]

3( * * * * * * *

6 ]]]]]]]]]]] 4( * * * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]

;( * * * * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]

7( * * * * * 6 ]]]]]]]]]]]

C( Fl{de {eg sgt{t {m {eg`s dmssgtqmhk`hi hm{gt( Ys`{g {eg bg{{gs mn {eg dmssgd{ lhtygs mh {eg cblhj qsm~`kgk(

]]] <(

]]] 3(

]]] 4( ]]] ;(

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33

L(

c(

d(k(

g(




<( [eg k`nngsgh{ fwt`dlb sgt{t el~g {eg`s g|w`~lbgh{ ]]]]]]]]]](l( {`fg ~lbwgt c( tìhl{wsg d( tpfcmbt k( gìe{

3( [ym %3) elbn sgt{t lhk l |wls{gs hm{g el~g l {`fg ~lbwg mn? l( nmws c( {esgg d( {ym k( mhg

4( @{ `t l fwt`dlb tpfcmb ye`de fglht t`bghdg(l( Yembg hm{g c( elbn hm{g d( hm{g k( sgt{

;( L tù{ggh{e sgt{ sgdg`~gt ]]]]] cgl{(l( 3 c( < d( ¶ k( ²

7( @h {eg fwt`dlb tegg{ mn {eg tmhi ―‐K`hi Kmhi Cgbb‐ yel{ fwt`dlb

tpfcmb ylt qsgtgh{=l( yembg sgt{ c( elbn sgt{ d( |wls{gs sgt{ k( gìe{e sgt{

34


^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,Fwt`dlb sgt{t lsg gtqgd`lbbp `fqms{lh{ yegh `{ dmfgt {m ys`{`hi

kmyh fwt`d nms m{egs qgmqbg {m sglk( [egp fljgt {eg sep{ef mn l fwt`d q`gdg fmsg qsgd`tg(



T{ls{`hi Mcogd{ Y`{e B`hgt T{ls{`hi Mcogd{ Y`{e B`hgt T{ls{`hi Mcogd{ Y`{e B`hgt T{ls{`hi Mcogd{ Y`{e B`hgt Bgttmh 7 Bgttmh 7 Bgttmh 7 Bgttmh 7

3;

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh 7" pmw temwbk el~g? l( `kgh{`n`gk {eg k`nngsgh{ j`hkt mn b`hgt(c( kslyh k`nngsgh{ b`hgt(d( `h{gsqsg{gk {eg fglh`hi mn k`nngsgh{ b`hgt(―k( ql{`gh{bp dsgl{gk ls{ q`gdgt wt`hi k`nngsgh{ b`hgt(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh

Bmmj l{ {eg q`d{wsg( Yel{ km pmw tgg= Dlh pmw `kgh{`np {eg k`n&

ngsgh{ b`hgt pmw tgg=

L b`hg b`hg b`hg b`hg dmhhgd{t {ym qm`h{t( @{‐t lbtm {eg ql{e flkg cp l fm~`hi qm`h{( B`hgt dlh cg {e`dj ms {e`h( [egp dlh cg bmhi ms tems{([egp dlh cg ~gs{`dlb" ems`zmh{lb" ms

k`limhlb( [egp dlh cg tmb`k ms km{{gk ms kltegk cw{ wtwlbbp" b`hgt dlh

cg dbltt`n`gk `h{m {ym‛t{slìe{ b`hgt lhk {eg dws~gk b`hgt(

Qm`h{ < Qm`h{ 3



L( T{slìe{ b`hgt L( T{slìe{ b`hgt L( T{slìe{ b`hgt L( T{slìe{ b`hgt

37

Ighgslbbp t{slìe{ b`hgt twiigt{ t{glk`hgtt" clblhdg" lhk

dlbfhgtt(Ems`zmh{lb b`hgt bmmj b`jg {egp lsg bp`hi kmyh" l{ sgt{" ltbggq(

[egp twiigt{ dlbfhgtt" |w`g{hgtt" lhk l sgblugk dmfnms{( L bmhi ems`zmh{lb b`hg i`~gt qgldgnwbhgtt" ye`bg l tems{ b`hg {ghkt {m cg gud`{`hi(

^gs{`dlb b`hgt lsg n`bbgk y`{e qm{gh{`lb ghgsip {el{ dmwbk cg sgbgltgk `n {egp ygsg {m nlbb m~gs owt{ b`jg {eg sl`h nlbb`hi kmyh(

^gs{`dlb b`hgt lsg t{smhi lhk sì`k( [egp dlh twiigt{ t{lc`b`{p"gtqgd`lbbp yegh {e`djgs( @{ lbtm tpfcmb`zgt qm`tg" nmsdg lhk sglk`hgtt nms ld{`mh(

K`limhlb b`hgt dlh lqqgls {m cg g`{egs s`t`hi ms nlbb`hi lhk dmh~gp ld{`mh ms fm{`mh( K`limhlb b`hgt twiigt{ ld{`mh" `ht{lc`b`{p"

^gs{`dlb b`hgt Ems`zmh{lb b`hgt K`limhlb ms tblh{ b`hgt

Csmjgh b`hgt Km{{gk b`hgt _ìzli b`hgt





Ld{`~`{p 7(<Ld{`~`{p 7(<Ld{`~`{p 7(<Ld{`~`{p 7(<Ln{gs jhmy`hi {eg k`nngsgh{ b`hgt lhk {eg`s fglh`hi" bg{ wt {sp

tmfg ld{`~`{`gt( @fli`hg {el{ {mklp `t {eg c`s{eklp mn pmws fm{egs(Pmw ygsg ltjgk cp pmws nl{egs {m kgdmsl{g pmws fm{egs‐t dljg( Wt`hi {eg k`nngsgh{ b`hgt" ksly lhk kgdmsl{g {eg dljg( Dmbms {eg dljg {el{ pmw el~g kgdmsl{gk( El~g nwh,

39



Ld{`~`{p 7(3Ld{`~`{p 7(3Ld{`~`{p 7(3Ld{`~`{p 7(3K`k pmw kgdmsl{g {eg dljg cglw{`nwbbp= T`hdg {eg dljg `t

sglkp" {eg qls{p y`bb cgi`h, Pmw el~g {m demmtg l h`dg ksgtt {el{ pmw y`bb wtg l{ {eg qls{p( Ksly l kgtìh mh pmws ksgtt cltgk mh pmws delsld{gs( Ys`{g l tems{ kgtds`q{`mh yep k`k pmw wtg

t{slìe{ r dws~gk b`hgt(

Lhtygs? <( Yel{ dlh pmw tlp lcmw{ pmws b`hg ksly`hit= Yel{ nggb`hit km

{egp guqsgtt=

3( Lsg b`hgt `fqms{lh{= Yep=

35



Ld{`~`{p 7(4 Ld{`~`{p 7(4 Ld{`~`{p 7(4 Ld{`~`{p 7(4 El~g pmw g~gs tggh l s`dg n`gbk= Ksly l s`dg n`gbk cgbmy( Wtg

lt flhp j`hkt mn b`hgt lt pmw dlh( Wtg qghd`b `h ksly`hi( Pmw dlh wtg {e`h" {e`dj" csmjgh ms km{{gk b`hgt %t{slìe{ lhk dws~gk)(

30

‒ L Cmwh{`nwb S`dg n`gbk‖ ‒ L Cmwh{`nwb S`dg n`gbk‖ ‒ L Cmwh{`nwb S`dg n`gbk‖ ‒ L Cmwh{`nwb S`dg n`gbk‖




<( B`hgt {el{ twiigt{ t{lc`b`{p lhk sglk`hgtt nms ld{`mh(l( k`limhlb c( ~gs{`dlb d( ems`zmh{lb k( dws~gk

3( L tg{ mn qm`h{t {el{ `t dmhhgd{gk {mig{egs(l( b`hg c( telqg d( dmbms k( ls{

4( L b`hg {el{ dmhhm{gt fm~gfgh{ ms sgt{bgtthgtt(l( Dws~gk c( csmjgh d( km{{gk k( t{slìe{

;( L b`hg {el{ guqsgttgt nbw`k fm~gfgh{ lhk dlh cg kphlf`d(l( Dws~gk c( csmjgh d( km{{gk k( t{slìe{

7( L b`hg {el{ tpfcmb`zgt elstehgtt lhk yls(

l( ~gs{`dlb c( dws~gk d( zìzli k( csmjgh

41


^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,B`hgt lsg `fqms{lh{ `h ls{( B`hgt fljg wq {eg nmsft lhk

telqgt mn k`nngsgh{ {e`hit( Bg{‐t cg dsgl{`~g `h wt`hi k`nngsgh{ b`hgt lhk `{ y`bb fljg mws ls{ymsj fmsg guqsgtt`~g(



Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht Nmsf`hi Telqgt lhk Kgtìht Bgttmh >Bgttmh >Bgttmh >Bgttmh >

4<

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh >" pmw temwbk el~g? l( `kgh{`n`gk {eg k`nngsgh{ j`hkt mn telqgt(c( lttmd`l{gk mcogd{t y`{e telqgt(d( k`t{`hiw`tegk {eg k`nngsghdg mn glde telqg delsld{gs(―k( kgtìhgk `h{gsgt{`hi ls{ymsj cp qw{{`hi {mig{egs k`nngsgh{ telqgt(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh

Km pmw sgfgfcgs {egtg telqgt= Lsg {egtg telqgt nlf`b`ls {m pmw= Ye`de telqgt el~g dmshgst= Ye`de telqgt km hm{ el~g dmshgst=

egls{ m~lb dwcg dsgtdgh{

d`sdbg sgd{lhibg {s`lhibg t|wlsg

t{ls k`lfmhk dmhg kmhw{



43

Telqgt Telqgt Telqgt Telqgt lsg b`hgt {el{ lsg qw{ {mig{egs( L telqg `t nmsfgk cp dmhhgd{`hi b`hgt lhk ghdbmt`hi l tqldg( Tmfg telqgt el~g t`kgt lhk dmshgst( M{egs telqgt el~g hm t`kgt lhk dmshgst" b`jg d`sdbg

lhk mcbmhi(

Bmmj l{ {eg q`d{wsg cgbmy( Dlh pmw `kgh{`np {eg telqgt wtgk=

[eg telqgt wtgk lsg ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]] ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Ld{`~`{p >(<Ld{`~`{p >(<Ld{`~`{p >(<Ld{`~`{p >(<



44

L( Hmy bg{‐t qsld{`dg ymsj`hi mh y`{e telqgt( Ksly l cw{{gsnbp

owt{ b`jg {eg q`d{wsg cgbmy(

Ld{`~`{p >((3Ld{`~`{p >((3Ld{`~`{p >((3Ld{`~`{p >((3

L Cw{{gsnbp L Cw{{gsnbp L Cw{{gsnbp L Cw{{gsnbp



4;

C( Emy‐t pmws cw{{gsnbp= Ylt `{ elsk ms gltp nms pmw= Ylh{ {m {sp lhm{egs mhg=

L Kslimhnbp L Kslimhnbp L Kslimhnbp L Kslimhnbp



47

Hmy" `{‐t {`fg nms l fmsg dsgl{`~g ymsj(

Qsgqlsg {eg nmbbmy`hi fl{gs`lbt ? k`nngsgh{ dmbmst mn ls{ qlqgs" td`ttmst" ibwg ms qlt{g"lhk qghd`b(<( Ksly k`nngsgh{ telqgt mn ~ls`mwt t`zgt(

3( Dw{ {eg telqgt lhk dmhhgd{ `{ ms qw{ mhg mh {mq mn {eg m{egs {m fljg lh `h{gsgt{`hi kgtìh(

4( Pmw dlh sgqgl{ {eg telqgt cw{ lsslhig {egf `h k`nngsgh{ ylpt(

Ld{`~`{p >(4 Ld{`~`{p >(4 Ld{`~`{p >(4 Ld{`~`{p >(4 Tlfqbg ls{ymsj



Bmmj l{ {eg q`d{wsgt cgbmy( Fl{de {eg telqg {el{ `t lttmd`l{gk

y`{e {eg mcogd{( Ys`{g {eg bg{{gs mn {eg dmssgd{ lhtygs `h {eg cblhj qsm~`kgk cgnmsg glde hwfcgs(

]]]]<(

]]]]3(

]]]]4(

]]]];(

]]]]7(

4>


^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,Lbb {e`hit lsmwhk wt el~g ~ls`gk nmsft lhk telqgt( Qw{{`hi {mig{egs

k`nngsgh{ telqgt dlh sgtwb{ `h lh ls{`t{`d kgtìh( Lh `fli`hl{`~g f`hk cs`hit ~gsp `h{gsgt{`hi ymsjt mn ls{(

L( K`lfmhk telqg

C( T{ls telqg

D( [s`lhibg telqg

K( Dwcg telqg

G( Mcbmhi telqg



Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst Ql`h{ y`{e Dmbmst Bgttmh 9 Bgttmh 9 Bgttmh 9 Bgttmh 9

49

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh 9" pmw temwbk el~g? l( jhmyh {eg k`nngsghdg cg{yggh qs`flsp lhk tgdmhklsp dmbmst(c( jhmyh {eg `fqms{lhdg mn qsmqgs{`gt mn dmbmst d( lqqb`gk qs`flsp lhk tgdmhklsp dmbmst dsgl{`~gbp `h pmws ls{ymsjt(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bmmj lsmwhk pmw( Yel{ km pmw tgg= @t g~gsp{e`hi qsgtgh{gk

`h cbldj lhk ye`{g= Yep km pmw {e`hj `{ `t hm{= @fli`hg pmws twssmwhk`hit el~`hi hm dmbmst l{ lbb‛{eg bgl~gt" nbmygst" {sggt" g~gh {eg nmmk pmw gl{( Ymwbk pmw {e`hj `{ ymwbk cg nwh lhk elqqp tgg&

`hi {e`hit cbldj lhk ye`{g lbmhg= Mn dmwstg hm{, @{ ymwbk cg l emss`cbg {e`hi {m {e`hj mn(

Bmmj l{ {egtg q`d{wsgt([egp cm{e sgqsgtgh{ l

twhn bmygs `flig (Emyg~gs" ye`de mn {egtg

q`d{wsgt km pmw b`jg bmmj`hi l{= Fmt{ mn wt y`bb b`jg {eg

twhnbmygs temy`hi `{t sglb dmbms( Yep=



45

[e`hit `h {eg gh~`smhfgh{ lsg cglw{`nwb cgdlwtg mn {eg ~ls`g{p mn dmbmst( Owt{ b`jg b`hgt lhk telqgt" k`nngsgh{ telkgt mn dmbms tg{ {e`hit lqls{ nsmf mhg lhm{egs( Dmbmst egbq wt sgdmih`zg {eg

k`nngsghdg mn mhg mcogd{ nsmf {eg m{egs(Sgfgfcgs {el{ `h ls{" dmbmst lsg ~gsp `fqms{lh{( Cgdlwtg

dmbms i`~gt b`ng {m lh ls{ ymsj( Dmbmst lsg fl`hbp dbltt`n`gk `h{m qs`flsp lhk tgdmhklsp( [eg qs`flsp dmbmst qs`flsp dmbmst qs`flsp dmbmst qs`flsp dmbmst lsg sgk" cbwg lhk pgbbmy( [eg tgdmhklsp dmbmst tgdmhklsp dmbmst tgdmhklsp dmbmst tgdmhklsp dmbmst lsg mslhig" isggh lhk ~`mbg{(

Bmmj dbmtgbp l{ {eg dmbms qbl{gt cgbmy( Bmmj l{ emy mslhig" isggh lhk ~`mbg{ nmsfgk(

Dmfc`h`hi sgk lhk pgbbmy y`bb nmsf mslhig( Dmfc`h`hi sgk lhk cbwg y`bb nmsf ~`mbg{( Dmfc`h`hi cbwg lhk pgbbmy y`bb nmsf

isggh(Dmbms kmgt hm{ mhbp i`~g b`ng {m lh ls{ymsj( B`jg b`hgt" `{ lbtm

`h{gsqsg{t tmfg{e`hi( Isggh `t {eg dmbms mn hl{wsg( @{ `t cgb`g~gk {el{ isggh `t eglb`hi nms {eg gpgt( Yegh pmws gpgt lsg t{sl`hgk nsmf sglk`hi" pmw nggb {`sgk" im mw{ `h{m {eg ilskgh lhk bmmj l{ {eg



40

isggh bgl~gt( Pmw nggb {el{ pmws gpgt lt ygbb lt pmws hgs~gt y`bb cg sgt{gk(

^`mbg{ ms qwsqbg i`~gt pmw qgldg mn f`hk( ^`mbg{ `t lttmd`l{gk

y`{e `fli`hl{`mh lhk `htq`sl{`mh( [eg bìe{gs {`h{t mn ~`mbg{ sgqsgtgh{t ngf`h`hg |wlb`{`gt(

Mslhig `t l qmygs dmbms( @{ tpfcmb`zgt dsl~`hi nms nmmk( Dmbmst el~g fglh`hi {mm owt{ b`jg yel{ yg k`tdwttgk `h pmws qsg~`mwt pgls

t{wkp`hi lcmw{ dmbmst( @h lkk`{`mh {m {el{" dmbms elt qsmqgs{`gt hlfgbp? Ewg" ^lbwg

lhk @h{ght`{p(

Dmbms Qsmqgs{`gt Dmbms Qsmqgs{`gt Dmbms Qsmqgs{`gt Dmbms Qsmqgs{`gt(Ewg `t {eg clt`d hlfg mn {eg dmbms( @{ `t kg{gsf`hgk cp {eg kmf`hlh{ yl~gbghi{e mn {eg bìe{(Gulfqbg? Sgk" pgbbmy lhk cbwg lsg qs`flsp ewgt(

Mslhig" isggh lhk ~`mbg{ lsg tgdmhklsp ewgt(

^lbwg `t dmhdgshgk y`{e {eg bìe{ lhk klsj qsmqgs{`gt mn dmbmst( L dmbms flp cg bìe{" fgk`wf ms klsj( [eg

t{smhigt{ l~l`blcbg dmh{slt{ `h ls{ `t cbldj {m ye`{g(Gulfqbg? Q`hj `t {eg bìe{ ~lbwg mn sgk lhk flsmmh `t

`{t klsj ~lbwg(

@h{ght`{p ms tl{wsl{`mh `t dmhdgshgk y`{e {eg csìe{hgtt lhk kwbbhgtt mn l dmbms( Bg~gbt mn `h{ght`{p dlh fljg

l dmbms t{lhk mw{ ms cg bmt{ `h {eg qsgtghdg mn m{egs dmbmst( L dmbms y`{e eìe `h{ght`{p `t csìe{ lhk l dmbms y`{e bmy `h{ght`{p `t kwbb(

Bmy Eìe



;1

Bglsh`hi lcmw{ dmbmst ylt sglbbp nwh, Bg{‐t km tmfg

ld{`~`{`gt( Tgg {eg q`d{wsg cgbmy= Dmbms {eg q`d{wsg y`{e isggh(Lqqbp {eg ~lbwg qsmqgs{p mn dmbms(

Ld{`~`{p 9(<Ld{`~`{p 9(<Ld{`~`{p 9(<Ld{`~`{p 9(<



;<

Dmbms {eg ilskgh( Lqqbp {eg {esgg qsmqgs{`gt mn dmbms(

Ld{`~`{p 9(3Ld{`~`{p 9(3Ld{`~`{p 9(3Ld{`~`{p 9(3

Qsmqgs{`gt mn Dmbms Qsmqgs{`gt mn Dmbms Qsmqgs{`gt mn Dmbms Qsmqgs{`gt mn Dmbms



;3

Km pmw sgfgfcgs flj`hi l dmbms yeggb= Mh {eg cmu cgbmy"

ksly pmws myh dmbms yeggb temy`hi {eg qs`flsp lhk tgdmhklsp dmbmst(

Ld{`~`{p 9( 4 Ld{`~`{p 9( 4 Ld{`~`{p 9( 4 Ld{`~`{p 9( 4




<( Fù`hi cbwg lhk pgbbmy y`bb i`~g pmw l( sgk c( mslhig d( isggh k( ~`mbg{

3( @{ sgngst {m {eg csìe{hgtt ms kwbbhgtt mn l dmbms(l( ~lbwg c( `h{ght`{p d( ewg k( qs`flsp

4( @{ `t kg{gsf`hgk cp {eg kmf`hlh{ yl~gbghi{e mn bìe{(l( ~lbwg c( `h{ght`{p d( ewg k( qs`flsp

;( Dmfc`h`hi {ym qs`flsp dmbmst y`bb qsmkwdg l ]]]]]]] dmbms(l( qs`flsp c( tgdmhklsp d( ewgt k( `h{ght`{p

7( [e`t dmbms tpfcmb`zgt dsl~`hi nms nmmk(

l( pgbbmy c( isggh d( mslhig k( sgk

;4


^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,Dmbmst i`~g b`ng hm{ owt{ {m lh ls{ymsj cw{ `h mws twssmwhk`hit

lt ygbb( Yg tgg lhk lqqsgd`l{g {eg cglw{p mn {e`hit cgdlwtg mn dmbmst( Bg{ wt cg {elhjnwb {m Imk nms dsgl{`hi mws ymsbk

y`{e {egtg ymhkgsnwb {e`hit(



Fù`hi Fmsg Dmbmst Fù`hi Fmsg Dmbmst Fù`hi Fmsg Dmbmst Fù`hi Fmsg Dmbmst Bgttmh 5 Bgttmh 5 Bgttmh 5 Bgttmh 5

;;

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh 5" pmw temwbk el~g? l( lkkgk {gs{`lsp dmbmst lt lhm{egs tg{ mn dmbms ismwqt c( k`nngsgh{`l{gk ylsf dmbmst nsmf dmmb dmbmst d( fùgk lhk lqqb`gk dmbmst dsgl{`hi `h{gsgt{`hi ls{ kgtìht(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Sgfgfcgs {el{ `h mws qsg~`mwt bgttmh yg bglshgk {el{

dmfc`h`hi {ym qs`flsp dmbmst nmsft tgdmhklsp dmbmst( @ jhmy {el{ pmw ymwbk b`jg {m ltj lcmw{ {eg sgt{ mn {eg dmbmst {el{ pmw el~g lhk pmw tgg yeghg~gs pmw cwp l tg{ mn dslpmht l{ l bmdlb tdemmb twqqb`gt

t{msg( Fmsg dmbmst dlh cg qsmkwdgk cp cbghk`hi g|wlb lfmwh{t mn

qs`flsp lhk tgdmhklsp dmbmst( [eg sgtwb{ `t `h{gsfgk`l{g lbtm jhmyh lt {gs{ `lsp dmbmst {gs{`lsp dmbmst {gs{`lsp dmbmst {gs{`lsp dmbmst( T{wkp {eg dmbms yeggb cgbmy(

Qs`flsp Dmbmst %`hhgs dmbmst)

pgbbmy" sgk lhk cbwg

Tgdmhklsp Dmbmst %mw{gs dmbmst)

pgbbmy * sgk 6 mslhig pgbbmy * cbwg 6 isggh" sgk * cbwg 6 ~`mbg{

[gs{`lsp Dmbmst %mw{gsfmt{ dmbmst)

pgbbmy*mslhig6pgbbmy&mslhig" sgk*mslhig6sgk&mslhig"sgk*~`mbg{6sgk~`mbg{" cbwg*~`mbg{6cbwg&~`mbg{"

cbwg*isggh6cbwg&isggh" pgbbmy*isggh6pgbbmy&isggh



;7

Bmmj l{ {eg delsld{gst mn {eg fm~`g ‒Fmht{gst @hd(‖ Sgfgfcgs Twbbgp lhk e`t cwkkp F`jg= Yel{ `t Twbbgp‐t dmbms=

Emy lcmw{ F`jg=Twbbgp `t l cbwg&isggh fmht{gs lhk

F`jg `t l pgbbmy&isggh fmht{gs( Yep km pmw {e`hj {egp el~g {egtg dmbmst= T`hdg

dmbms `fqb`gt fglh`hi `{ lbtm tg{t fmmk" l{{sld{t l{{gh{`mh ms fljgt l t{l{gfgh{( Pmw dlh wtg dmbms {m ylsf wq" ms {m dmmb kmyh(

Cbwg lhk isggh lsg dmmb dmbmst( T`hdg Twbbgp lhk F`jg lsg

dls{mmh delsld{gst" {egp el~g {m bmmj dmmb g~gh {emwie {egp‐sg fmht{gst( Cbwg&isggh `t {eg dmbms mn dmffwh`dl{`mh lhk lttmd`l{gk y`{e ksglf ymsjt( Sgfgfcgs {el{ Twbbgp lqqglst mhbp `h de`bksgh‐t ksglf,

Dmmb dmbmst Dmmb dmbmst Dmmb dmbmst Dmmb dmbmst i`~g lh `fqsgtt`mh mn dlbf lhk tmm{e`hi nggb`hi( [egtg dmbmst lsg wtwlbbp lttmd`l{gk y`{e isltt" {sggt" yl{gs lhk {eg tjp(

Ylsf dmbmst Ylsf dmbmst Ylsf dmbmst Ylsf dmbmst mh {eg m{egs elhk lsg ~`~`k lhk ghgsig{`d( Sgk lhk mslhig lsg ylsf dmbmst([egp {ghk {m fljg mcogd{t lqqgls cìigs lhk hglsgs {m {eg ~`gygs(

Km pmw jhmy Ilsn`gbk= Ilsn`gbk `t jhmyh lt l blzp nl{ dl{( Sgk&mslhig `t e`t dmbms

t`hdg eg sglbbp hggkt {m bmmj cìigs( [egtg dmbmst

lsg wtwlbbp lttmd`l{gk y`{e {eg twh" dmlb lhk n`sg(Hgw{slb dmbmst Hgw{slb dmbmst Hgw{slb dmbmst Hgw{slb dmbmst lsg cbldj" islp" lhk ye`{g(

Ye`{g `t {eg lctghdg mn dmbms( @{ tìh`n`gt qws`{p" omp" `hhmdghdg lhk twssghkgs( Cbldj `t {eg qsgtghdg mn lbb dmbmst( @{ guqsgttgt tmssmy(



;>

Bmmj l{ {eg q`d{wsgt cgbmy( Dmbms {egf lqqsmqs`l{gbp wt`hi lbb

{eg dmbmst lhk qsmqgs{p mn dmbmst pmw el~g bglshgk(

Ld{`~`{p 5(<Ld{`~`{p 5(<Ld{`~`{p 5(<Ld{`~`{p 5(<



;9

Yl{gsdmbms Cbmy`hi( Pmw y`bb hggk {eg nmbbmy`hi fl{gs`lbt?

yl{gsdmbms" yl{gs" k`te ms cmyb" ¶ mtbm qlqgs lhk l cbldj dslpmh(Qsmdgkwsgt? <( Ksmq {eg yl{gsdmbms mh {eg mtbm qlqgs(3( Cbmy wh{`b {eg yl{gsdmbms tdl{{gst(

4( Sgqgl{ {eg t{gq nms k`nngsgh{ dmbmst(;( Bg{ `{ ksp 7( Dmbms {eg sgfl`h`hi tqldgt y`{e cbldj

{m qsmkwdg l kslfl{`d gnngd{(>( Dw{ lhk qlt{g pmws ymsj mh {eg tqldg

qsm~`kgk cgbmy(

Ld{`~`{p 5(3Ld{`~`{p 5(3Ld{`~`{p 5(3Ld{`~`{p 5(3



;5

Cbm{ l Kgtìh( Pmw y`bb hggk {eg nmbbmy`hi fl{gs`lbt? ¶ mtbm

qlqgs" yl{gsdmbms" ql`h{cswte" qghd`b" dslpmh" lhk qgh{gb qgh((((<( Nmbk {eg qlqgs l{ {eg dgh{gs" {egh mqgh `{(

3( Qw{ {ym g|wlb lfmwh{t mn dmh{slt{`hi dmbmst l{ {eg dgh{gs lhk cbghk l b`{{bg(

4( Lil`h" nmbk {eg qlqgs(;( Qsgtt lhk tqsglk {eg ql`h{ cp smbb`hi {eg

qghd`b `h ~ls`mwt k`sgd{`mht(

7( Mqgh {eg qlqgs(>( Mw{b`hg {eg gkig mn {eg kgtìh wt`hi l qgh{gb qgh(9( Dmbms {eg sgfl`h`hi tqldgt y`{e l bìe{gs dmbms(

5( Dw{ lhk qlt{g pmws ymsj mh {eg tqldg qsm~`kgk cgbmy(

Ld{`~`{p 5(4 Ld{`~`{p 5(4 Ld{`~`{p 5(4 Ld{`~`{p 5(4



Dmbms {eg cmu `n {eg tgh{ghdg `t dmssgd{: cbldj `n ysmhi(

<( Dmbmst twde lt sgk" mslhig lhk pgbbmy lsg ylsf dmbmst(

3( Dmmb dmbmst lsg lttmd`l{gk y`{e isltt" {sgg" {eg tjp lhk yl{gs(

4( [gs{`lsp dmbmst lsg qsmkwdgk cp dmfc`h`hi {ym qs`flsp dmbmst(

;( Dmbmst kgtds`cg mws gfm{`mht(

7( Cbldj `t lh gulfqbg mn l hgw{slb dmbms(

>( [gs{`lsp dmbms `t lbtm jhmyh lt `h{gsfgk`l{g dmbms(

9( Gulfqbg mn ylsf dmbmst lsg ye`{g lhk islp(

5( Ye`{g `t {eg lctghdg mn lbb dmbmst(

0( Fù`hi cbwg lhk isggh y`bb qsmkwdg l cbwg&isggh dmbms(

<1( Cbldj `t {eg qsgtghdg mn lbb dmbmst(

;0


^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,G~gsp{e`hi cgdmfgt l{{sld{`~g cgdlwtg mn dmbms( [egp fljg mcogd{t

lb`~g lhk cglw{`nwb( Dmbms dlh fglh flhp {e`hit( Dmbms dlh kgtds`cg mws gfm{`mht( Lh l{{`{wkg mn dsgl{`~ghgtt `t `fqms{lh{ {m dsgl{g l

ymhkgsnwb ls{ymsj(



Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg Kg~gbmq`hi Immk Qmt{wsg Bgttmh 0 Bgttmh 0 Bgttmh 0 Bgttmh 0

71

Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=Yel{ y`bb @ bglsh=L{ {eg ghk mn bgttmh 0" pmw temwbk el~g? l( kgtds`cgk yel{ `t l immk qmt{wsg(c( jhmyh {eg `fqms{lhdg mn immk qmt{wsg d( bglshgk lhk ~lbwgk qsld{`d`hi immk qmt{wsg ye`bg pmwhi(

Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Bgttmh Fm{`~l{`mh Qmt{wsg Qmt{wsg Qmt{wsg Qmt{wsg `t {eg ylp yg dlssp mws cmkp yeghg~gs yg lsg

t{lhk`hi" t`{{`hi ms ylbj`hi( Dmssgd{ qmt`{`mh mn {eg cmkp dmh{s`cw{gt {m immk eglb{e( @{ lbtm egbqt wt {m nggb sgblugk( Ye`bg pmwhi" `{ `t `fqms{lh{ {m kg~gbmq immk qmt{wsg(

El~`hi immk qmt{wsg ld{wlbbp egbqt pmw {m cg dlbfgs" fmsg

sgblugk" fmsg qept`dlbbp lhk fgh{lbbp t{lcbg (

Immk qmt{wsg egbqt kg~gbmq tgbn&dmhn`kghdg" dmfnms{lcbg nggb`hi lhk gltp fm~gfgh{(Km pmw ylh{ {m el~g immk qmt{wsg= Sgfgfcgs {eg nmbbmy`hi?

T{lhk`hi Qmt`{`mh T{lhk`hi Qmt`{`mh T{lhk`hi Qmt`{`mh T{lhk`hi Qmt`{`mh <( T{lhk y`{e ngg{ nbl{ mh {eg nbmms(

3( Eglk temwbk hg`{egs cg {`b{gk wq hms kmyh(

4( Degt{ mw{ lhk t{mflde `h(;( Temwbkgst lsg tqsglk t`kg lt qmtt`cbg(7( [eg eglk" {eg temwbkgst lhk {eg cw{{mdjt lsg lbb lbìhgk >( Jhggt lsg hm{ bmdjgk(

Nìwsg 9(< Dmssgd{ t{lhk`hi qmt{wsg? l ~gs{`dlb b`hg temwbk qltt {esmwie {eg gls" {`q mn {egtemwbkgs" f`kkbg mn {eg e`q" cldj mn {eg jhgg" lhk nsmh{ mn {eg lhjbg(



7<

Nìwsg 9(3 T`{ wq y`{e pmws cldj t{slìe{ lhk pmws temwbkgstcldj( Pmws cw{{mdjt temwbk {mwde {eg cldj mn pmws del`s(

T`{{`hi Qmt`{`mh T`{{`hi Qmt`{`mh T`{{`hi Qmt`{`mh T`{{`hi Qmt`{`mh <( Ngg{ nbl{ mh {eg nbmms(

3( Cldj lhk cw{{mdjt {mwde`hi {eg cldj mn l del`s(

4( Eglk" temwbkgst lhk cw{{mdjt lsg t{`bb lbìhgk(;( [eg cmkp ygìe{ `t twqqms{gk cp {eg del`s lhk {eg cmkp fwtdbgt cg dmfg sgblugk(7( Bgit flp cg dsmttgk lcm~g {eg jhgg l{ {eg lhjbgt( Cw{ {e`t ymwbk cg lb{gshl{gbp dsmttgk {m lbbmy clblhdgk cbmmk d`sdwbl{`mh mh cm{e bgit(>( Yegh l{ ymsj" {eg {swhj bglht tbìe{bp

nmsylsk( [eg eglk" hgdj lhk {swhj lsg jgq{ `h t{slìe{ b`hg {m cs`hi gpgt `h b`hg y`{e {eg ymsj(

Ylbj`hi Qmt`{`mh Ylbj`hi Qmt`{`mh Ylbj`hi Qmt`{`mh Ylbj`hi Qmt`{`mh <( Qm`h{ pmws {mgt t{slìe{ leglk(

3( Qwte mnn y`{e pmws {mgt( Km hm{ cmc ms cmwhdg ye`bg ylbj`hi

4( Dlssp pmws ngg{ mnn {eg nbmws( L~m`k tewnnb`hi(;( Nms glde t{gq" el~g pmws eggb {mwde {eg ismwhk n`st{ cgnmsg {slhtngss`hi pmws ygìe{ {m {eg clbbt lhk {mgt(7( B`fcgs pmws lhjbgt lhk jhggt(>( Ty`hi pmws bgit nmsylsk nsmf {eg e`qt(9( Ty`hi pmws lsft lil`ht{ {eg fm~gfgh{ mn pmws ngg{( Ty`hi {egf nsggbp lhk glt`bp(

5( Embk pmws eglk lhk degt{ eìe( L~m`k bmmj`hi l{ pmws ngg{(

Nìwsg 9(4 Ylbj y`{e gltg lhk isldg yegh {eg bgit" cmhgt lhk fwt&dbgt mn {eg ngg{ lsg dmhk`{`mhgk qsmqgsbp(



73

Nìwsg 9(3 Yegh db`fc`hi wq {eg t{l`st" owt{ qw{ mhg nmm{ `h

nsmh{ mn {eg hgu{ wh{`b pmw ig{ {m {eg {mq(

Db`fc`hi {eg T{l`st Db`fc`hi {eg T{l`st Db`fc`hi {eg T{l`st Db`fc`hi {eg T{l`st <( T{gq {eg sìe{ nmm{ nmsylsk mh {eg n`st{ t{gq mn {eg t{l`st(

3( T{slìe{gh {eg bgn{ jhgg {m dlssp {eg cmkp‐t ygìe{(

4( Mhdg {eg sìe{ nmm{ `t t{lcbg" islkwlbbp {slhtngs {eg cmkp ygìe{ mh {e`t nmm{( [egh b`n{ {eg bgn{ nmm{ lhk qbldg `{ mh {eg tgdmhk t{gq mn {eg t{l`st(;( Cm{e ngg{ dlssp {eg cmkp wqylsk y`{e lb{gshl{`hi fm~gfgh{t(

Im`hi Kmyht{l`st Im`hi Kmyht{l`st Im`hi Kmyht{l`st Im`hi Kmyht{l`st <( Embk mh {m {eg t`kg sl`bt mn {eg t{l`st ye`bg im`hi kmyh(

3( Qw{ {eg sìe{ nmm{ kmyh mh {eg n`st{ t{gq lhk cghk {eg bgn{ nmm{ wh{`b {eg ygìe{ mn {eg cmkp `t {slhtngssgk mh {eg sìe{ nmm{(

4( T{slìe{gh {eg sìe{ jhgg {m dlssp {eg cmkp‐t

ygìe{ lhk t{gq {eg bgn{ nmm{ {m im kmyh {eg tgdmhk t{gq mn {eg t{l`st(;( Sgqgl{ y`{e lb{gshl{`hi t{gqt mn {eg ngg{(

Q`dj`hi wq lh Mcogd{ Q`dj`hi wq lh Mcogd{ Q`dj`hi wq lh Mcogd{ Q`dj`hi wq lh Mcogd{ <( [m q`dj wq lh mcogd{ nsmf {eg

nbmms" cghk {eg jhggt `ht{glk mn

bglh`hi {eg yembg cmkp {mylsk( 3( Jhggb kmyh {egh dlssp {eg mcogd{ wqylsk islkwlbbp cp gugs{`hi gnnms{ nsmf {eg ngg{(

Nìwsg 9(4 Wtg pmws bgit lhk hm{ pmws cldj yegh b`n{`hi{e`hit hm fl{{gs emy bìe{ ms egl~p {egp lsg(







^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,^lbwgt Bglshgk,Immk qmt{wsg egbqt kg~gbmq {eg qept`dlb n`{hgtt mn l qgstmh(

Qsld{`d`hi l immk elc`{ `h qgsnmsf`hi cmkp qmt`{`mht y`bb lbtm i`~g pmw tgbn&dmhn`kghdg lhk dmfnms{(

77

Degdj % ∟ ) {eg cmu {el{ {gbbt pmws lhtygs(

Kws`hi {eg {ym sgblp ld{`~`{`gt…

<( @ nmbbmygk {eg k`sgd{`mh k`bìgh{bp(

3( @ clblhdgk {eg cmmj mh fp eglk dmssgd{bp(

4( @ b`n{gk {eg q`bg mn cmmjt dmssgd{bp(

;( @ {s`gk fp cgt{ lhk ymh {eg ilfg(

7( @ ylt {eg {glf bglkgs(

>( @ ghompgk {eg ilfg y`{e fp dblttfl{gt(

9( @ ylt l immk tqms{(

5( @ ghdmwsligk fp {glffl{gt {m qls{̀ d̀ ql{g y {̀e gh{ewt̀ ltf(

0( @ ylt emhgt{ `h qblp`hi {eg ilfg(

<1( @ dmhisl{wbl{gk {eg y`hhgs(

Ld{`~`{p 0(4 Ld{`~`{p 0(4 Ld{`~`{p 0(4 Ld{`~`{p 0(4



LO@L Tmhi LO@L Tmhi LO@L Tmhi LO@L Tmhi

Bglsh`hi `t nwh l{ LO@L

Lt yg qblp lbmhi lhk bglsh hgy tmhit

Flj`hi ns`ghkt y`{e mhg lhm{egs

Tels`hi fgfms`gt" ismy`hi {mig{egs Sglde`hi mw{ lhk egbq`hi m{egst

N`hg cmpt lhk i`sbt

Yg‐bb lbb ismy wq {m cg(

Mhylsk yg flsde {m ~`d{msp

Y`{e lbb mws t{sghi{e lhk csl~gsp

Glde nìe{ yg‐bb nldg y`{e kìh`{p

Y`{e dmhn`kghdg yg telbb qsg~l`b(

@h mws egls{t yg bm~g LO@L

[emwie nls lylp mws ngg{ flp smlf

Y`{e mhg ~mdg yg telbb qsmdbl`f

Cgbm~gk Lbfl Fl{gs pmw‐sg {eg cgt{(

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