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• Henri Fayol (1841 –1925) devised a classic definition ofmanagement that is still widely used in both industry

and academia.

‘To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to

command, to coordinate and to control.’

Management Information Requirements

How does information support managers?

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Managers need Information for:

Decision MakingControl

Planning

Organising

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Considerations in the provision of information:

TimingAppropriateness

Accuracy

ConcisenessFrequency

Understandability

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Information quality dimensions

Table 1.1 Summary of attributes of information quality

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Different forms of information

Figure 1.10 Different forms of information

Source: BIM

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Figure 1.3 Levels of managerial decision taking

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Decision characteristics and

management level

Table 1.2 Decision characteristics and management level

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Information characteristics for decisions by

management levels

Table 1.3 Information characteristics for decisions by management levels

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Figure 2.7 Usage and applications of computer-based information systems by organisational

level (shading denotes usage of BIS)

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Information Requirements of Key Decision-Making Groups in a Firm

Figure 13-2

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Stages in Decision Making

Figure 13-3

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A model of decision making

Table 1.4 A model of decision making

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Stakeholders in IS

• All those affected by an organisation’s actions or

policies

• Aim is to understand stakeholder attitudes and

actions towards an IS

• Motivated by normal range of human needs

• These shape their attitudes towards a system, in

the specific organisational context.

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The contexts of IS

Figure 1.6 The contexts of information systems

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Information and business value

Figure 1.3 An evaluation tool relating information to business value. An organization’s use of information

on each axis can be assessed from 1 (low use of information) to 10 (high use of information)

Source: Marchand (2000)

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Challenges of information management

in the organization

• Relevance – How do we find information relevant to ourdecisions?

• Accessibility – How do organizations make relevant informationavailable to employees and partners through computerapplications, web and e-mail? How is the knowledge used toapply information captured and shared between employees?

• Legality – How do organizations ensure they are using customer,employee and market information in accordance with legal andethical standards?

• Security – How do we protect this information from accidental ordeliberate threats?

• Value – How can this information help organizations reach theirbusiness objectives?

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Information gathering should not be a ‘one

off’ exercise, rather:

Managers should be constantly scanning the

environment with the aim of gaining

‘Strategic Intelligence’

(see attached paper by M Xu and R Kaye)

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Management Information Systems

A system using formalised procedures to

provide management at all levels in all

functions with appropriate information,based on data from both internal and

external sources, to enable them to make

timely and effective decisions for planning,

directing and controlling the activities for

which they are responsible.

T. Lucey

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Assessment of MIS

• Does management have confidence in the

information provided by the MIS ?

• Does management still make widespread use

of ‘hunches’ ?

• Does the MIS and the information provided

meet the needs and objectives of the

organisation ?

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• Does a manager make a better decision with

the available information ?

• Does management act on the information ?

Finally: A MIS should meet the needs of eachsection of the organisation and the

organisation as a whole.

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References

• Bocij, Business Information Systems, 4

th

ed, Pearson, 2008• Laudon & Laudon, Management Information Systems, 11th ed, Pearson,

2010.

• Chaffey, Business Information Management, Pearson, 2005

• Lucey, Management Information Systems, 9th ed, Thomson, 2005.

• Boddy D et al, Managing Information Systems, (3rd ed), 2009

Further Reading

• Ackoff , ‘Management Misinformation Systems’, Management Science,

1967• Thompson , Strategic Management, (5th ed), 2005, Chapter 5.5

Documents

MANIS Lec 1