Upload
bim-wwwbimorgbd
View
164
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
製品開発の構想段階における意思決定法
Md. Mamunur Rashid
北見工業大学院博士後期課程
生産基盤工学専攻平成 24年 11月 15日
1 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
2 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Md. Mamunur Rashid
Doctoral Student (1071308011)
Manufacturing Engineering Graduate ProgramGraduate School of Kitami Institute of Technology
November 15, 2012
Name Md. Mamunur Rashid
Date of Birth 1 November,1970
Place of Birth Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Citizen Bangladesh
Present Position Management CounselorBangladesh Institute of Management Dhaka, Bangladesh
Personal Details
Present Address:Hokkaido, Kitami-shi, Toryo-cho 111-2-10-16
3 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Degrees Obtained
November 1993Bachelor of Science in Mechanical EngineeringBangladesh Institute of TechnologyRajshahi, Bangladesh
December 1996Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka, Bangladesh
4 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Work Experiences
Period
from up to Post Organization Place
May-1997 Feb-2004Assistant
Mechanical Engineer
Jamuna Fertilizer Company
Bangladesh
Feb-2004 PresentManagement
Counselor
Bangladesh Institute of
ManagementBangladesh
5 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Publications of the Doctor’s WorkTechnical Papers in Refereed Journals:•Md. Mamunur Rashid, A.M.M. Sharif Ullah, Junichi Tamaki, and Akihiko Kubo. (2011). Evaluation of Hard Materials using Eco-Attribute, Advanced Materials Research, Volume 325, Pages 693-698 [ Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland] [http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.325.693]•Md. Mamunur Rashid, Junichi Tamaki, A.M.M. Sharif Ullah and Akihiko Kubo. (2011). A Numerical Kano Model for Compliance Customer Needs with Product Development, Industrial Engineering and Management Systems: An International Journal, Volume 10, Number 2, Pages 140-153 [http://kiie.org/iems/] [The Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers (KIIE), Korea].•A.M.M. Sharif Ullah, Md. Mamunur Rashid and Junichi Tamaki. (2012). On Some Unique Features of C-K Theory of Design, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Volume 5 Number 1, Pages 55-66. [Elsevier, The Netherlands] [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2011.09.001].
6 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Publications of the Doctor’s WorkFull-length Paper in International Conference•Md. Mamunur Rashid, A.M.M. Sharif Ullah, M.A. Rashid Sarker, Junichi Tamaki, and Akihiko Kubo. (2012). Logical Aggregation of Customer Needs Assessment, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Applications, Sapporo, Japan, August 20-26, 2012.
Paper in National Conference:•Md. Mamunur Rashid, Junichi Tamaki, A. M.M. Sharif Ullah and Akihiko Kubo. (2010). A Virtual Customer Needs System for Product Development, Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Sapporo, Hokkaido Branch, Japan, September 04, 2010, Pages 53-54.
7 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
8 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Agenda:
1.General Background
2.Mathematical Settings
3.Customer Needs Assessment
4.Sustainability Assessment
5.Creativity Assessment
6.Discussion and Concluding Remarks
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
9 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
General Background
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
10 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
What is Product Development?
Product Development is the study of activities of a product life-cycle in a concurrent manner.
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
11 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Internal Customer
External Customer
Conceptual Phase(Key Solutions)
Materialization(Design and Manufacturing)
Use(Satisfaction)
Disposal(Recycle,…)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
12 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Time
Per
cent
age,
%
Freedom of making choices
Knowledge of the problem
0
100Conceptual Phase
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
13 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Internal Customer
External Customer
Conceptual Phase(Key Solutions)
Creativity
Key solution depends on the creativity of internal customers.
How to differentiate a creative key solution from a non-creative key solution?
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
14 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Internal Customer
External Customer
Conceptual Phase(Key Solutions) Disposal
(Recycle,…)
Sustainability
How to deal with the sustainability assessment in key solution determination process?
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
15 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Internal Customer
External Customer
Conceptual Phase(Key Solutions)
Use(Satisfaction)
What is the appropriate customer need model?How to deal with the unknown customer needs?How to classify the key solutions based on customer responses?…
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
16 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Mathematical Settings
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
17 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Fuzzy Number
A = Comfortable
A(x) = [0,1]X = [0,60]
Otherwise
xx
xx
x
xA
0
35252535
35
25151525
15
150
)(
xx
X
A
A
10,:
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
18 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Note that:
A(x) is called the membership value of x with respect to A.
A(x) is also called the degree of belief of x in terms of A.
The Truth-Value (TV) of the proposition “x is A” is also equal to A(x).
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
19 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Cut
[20,30]
10,)(| xxA A
A0.5 = [20,30] A = Comfortable = 0.5
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
20 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Expected Value of a Fuzzy Number (E(A))
E(A) = 25
dxx
xdxxAE
A
A
)(
)()(
E(A) = 25, A = Comfortable
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
21 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Support of a Fuzzy Number (Supp(A))
baA
bababaASupp
,1,0|max
,,,)(
A = ComfortableSupp(A) = [15,35]
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
22 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Linguistic Likelihood (LL): Case-1(Imprecise Probability)
mu- most unlikely; qu- quite unlikely; su-some unlikely; ns- not sure; sl-some likely; ql-quite likely; ml-most likely
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Deg
ree
of B
elie
f(D
oB),
µ
A
Relative Frequency, fr
mu suqu ns sl ql mlmu qu su ns sl ql ml
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
23 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Linguistic Likelihood (Imprecise Probability) (LL): Case-2
mu- most unlikely; pu- perhaps unlikely; ns- not surepl-perhaps likely; ml-most likely
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Deg
ree
of B
elie
f(D
oB),
µ
A
Relative Frequency, fr
mu pu ns mlpl mu pu ns pl ml
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
24 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Range Compliance of Numerical Range with respect to a Fuzzy Number (R(L,A))
583.0],30,10[ eComfortablALR
L
L
dxx
ALR L
A
,
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
UI
DIDI
UI
25
00.20.40.60.8
11.2
0 5 10 15
mF
CO2 Footprint (kg/kg), x
VL L M H VH
[0,5]
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Good
Range Compliance
CO2 Footprint x, (kg/kg)
Y R([0,5], Y) Evaluation
VL 0.51.17 (DI)
L 0.67
M 0.083
0.083 (UI)H 0
VH 0
DI = Desirable Impact (on the environment)
UI = Undesirable Impact (on the environment)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
UI
DI
UI
DI
26
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
00.20.40.60.8
11.2
0 5 10 15
mF
CO2 Footprint (kg/kg), x
VL L M H VH
[5,10]
Range Compliance
CO2 Footprint x, (kg/kg)
Y R([5,10], Y) Evaluation
VL 00.42 (DI)
L 0.42
M 0.58
1 (UI)H 0.42
VH 0
Good
DI = Desirable Impact (on the environment)
UI = Undesirable Impact (on the environment)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
27 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Discrete Event Simulation
Like Must-be Neutral Live-with Dislike
fr 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1
LL mu ns pu mu mu
E(LL) 0.1 0.5 0.267 0.1 0.1
Pr 0.094 0.468 0.25 0.094 0.094
CPr 0.094 0.562 0.812 0.906 1
RAND [0,1]If RAND =[0,0.094) Then Z = Like
If RAND=[0.094,0.562) Then Z = Must-beIf RAND=[0.562,0.812) Then Z = NeutralIf RAND=[0.812, 0.906) Then Z = Live-withIf RAND=[0.906,1] Then Z = Dislike
Z {Like, Must-be, Neutral, Live-with, Dislike}
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Deg
ree
of B
elie
f(D
oB),
µ
A
Relative Frequency, fr
mu pu ns mlpl mu pu ns pl ml
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
28 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Propositions µ(.) (x) ( = TV)
P1 22º C is a Cold temperature 0.1
P2 22º C is a Comfortable temperature 0.7
P3 22º C is a Hot temperature 0
Truth-Value (TV) of Propositions
Cold
Comfortable
Hot
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
29 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Information Content of Proposition(s): (CE)
Propositions µ(.) (x) I(.) Certainty Entropy (CE)
P1 22º C is a Cold temperature
0.1 0.2
0.267P2 22º C is a Comfortable
temperature0.7 0.6
P3 22º C is a Hot temperature
0 0
n
xI
CE
n
iAi
1
Otherwise
x
xx
xIA
AA
A
5.01
1
5.005.0
0
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
30 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Information Content of Requirement (RE)
Propositions µ(.)(x) Requirement (R) Degree of Fulfillment
P1 22º C is aCold temperature 0.1
Coldtemperature
22º C has less possibility to fulfill the Requirement because it mostly belongs to Comfortable rather than Cold (even Hot).
This means that 22º C has a very high information content with respect to the Requirement
P2 22º C is a Comfortable temperature
0.7 R(x = 22C) = 0.1P3 22º C is a
Hot temperature 0
Requirement Entropy (RE)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
31 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Requirement Entropy (RE)
Otherwise
baxab
xb
ax
RE RR
R
0
,
1
nixb
nixa
Ai
Ai
1
1
|max
|min
RE = 0.857 for R = “Cold Temperature,”
when the choice is 22C
32
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
22º C
R = Cold TemperatureTotal Entropy ((CE,RE))
Low Entropy (good)
50 C
10 C
33
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Coherency Measure ()
A
B
Solution A is better than solution B because (A) < (B)
BA
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
34 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Customer Needs Assessment
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
35 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Internal Customer
External Customer
Conceptual Phase(Key Solutions)
Use(Satisfaction)
What is the appropriate customer need model?How to deal with the unknown customer needs?How to classify the key solutions based on customer responses?…
(Recall Slide No.15)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
36 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Roadmap of Customer Needs Assessment
Step 4: Evaluation
Step 1:Customer Needs Data from Bangladesh for Small Passenger VehiclesAccording to Kano-model
Step 3:Customer Needs Classification
Step 2:Simulation of Unknown Answers (discarded data)
CE
RE (λ=?)
best
37
From the Daily Star, May 4, 2012
DhakaBangladesh
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product DevelopmentStep 1: Passenger Vehicles Scenario
38 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product DevelopmentStep 1: Customer Needs Data100 respondents from different section of the society.38 parameter of small passenger vehicles, as follows:
No Small Passenger Vehicles Features1 SUV type vehicle2 Sedan type vehicle3 Van-(microbus) type vehicle4 Made in Japan5 Made in Korea6 Made in India7 Made in Germany... ...36 Fuel is CNG37 Fuel is Diesel38 Fuel is Petrol
39
My car is SedanMy car is not Sedan
•Like•Must-be•Neutral•Live-with•Dislike
•Like•Must-be•Neutral•Live-with•Dislike
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product DevelopmentStep 1: Questionnaires according to Kano Model (Example)
40
Like Must-be Neutral Live-with Dislike
Function or
Feature is Present
Like Q A A A OMust-be R I I I MNeutral R I I I MLive-with R I I I MDislike R R R R Q
Attractive (A), Indifferent (I), Must-be (M), One-dimensional(O), Questionable (Q), and Reverse (R)
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product DevelopmentStep 1: Kano Evaluation
41
One dimensional (O)
Must-
be (M
)
Attractive(A)
Reverse (R)
Indifferent (I
)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Step1: Meaning of Kano Evaluation
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
42 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Like Must-be Neutral Live-with Dislike
fr 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1
LL mu ns pu mu mu
E(LL) 0.1 0.5 0.267 0.1 0.1
Pr 0.094 0.468 0.25 0.094 0.094
CPr 0.094 0.562 0.812 0.906 1
RAND [0,1]If RAND =[0,0.094) Then Z = Like
If RAND=[0.094,0.562) Then Z = Must-beIf RAND=[0.562,0.812) Then Z = NeutralIf RAND=[0.812, 0.906) Then Z = Live-withIf RAND=[0.906,1] Then Z = Dislike
Z {Like, Must-be, Neutral, Live-with, Dislike}
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Deg
ree
of B
elie
f(D
oB),
µ
A
Relative Frequency, fr
mu pu ns mlpl mu pu ns pl mlStep 2: Simulation Recall slide -27
43
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Problem Identification for Customer Needs Classification
Attractive (A) One-dimensional(O)Must-be (M) Indifferent (I)Reverse (R) andQuestionable(Q)
Sedan
Step 3: Customer Needs Classification
44
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Problem Identification for Customer Needs Classification
Step 3: Customer Needs Classification
45
Like Must-be Neutral Live-with Dislike
Function or
Feature is Present
Like Q A A A OMust-be R I I I MNeutral R I I I MLive-with R I I I MDislike R R R R Q
Attractive (A), Indifferent (I), Must-be (M), One-dimensional(O), Questionable (Q), and Reverse (R)
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Step 3: Customer Needs Classification
46
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product DevelopmentStep 3: Customer Needs Classification
SedanAttractive (A) One-dimensional(O)Must-be (M) Indifferent (I)Reverse (R) andQuestionable(Q)
Problem Identification for Customer Needs Classification
47
Kano Evaluation Classification(C)
Sedan is either O or MSedan must be included in car population
Sedan is ASedan should be included in car population
Sedan is not I or not RSedan could be included in the car population
Sedan is Q Sedan is a unreliable feature
C = {must be included, should be included, could be included, unreliable};
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Step 3: Customer Needs Classification
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
48 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Step 4: Evaluation
Case-2
Case-1
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Sedan
λ= (value in the bracket)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
49 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Step 4: Evaluation
Case-2
Case-1
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
SUV
λ= (value in the bracket)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
50 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Step 4: EvaluationCase-1
Case-2
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could beVan
λ= (value in the bracket)
51
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Must be Should be Could be
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could be
Somewhat should be
Must be
Could beFor Bangladesh
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Step 4: Evaluation
λ=0.997 λ=1.0607 λ=0.719
VanSUV Sedan
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
52 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Sustainability Assessment
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
53 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Internal Customer
External Customer
Conceptual Phase(Key Solutions) Disposal
(Recycle,…)
Sustainability
How do we deal with the sustainability assessment in key solution determination process?
(Recall Slide No.14)
54
Sustainability of Grinding Wheel ManufacturingDecisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Design of Grinding Wheel
Primary Production of Hard Materials
Manufacturingof Grinding Wheel
Use of Grinding Wheel
Decision on abrasive grain materials
Disposal of Grinding Wheel
Landfill Reuse ?
Abrasive grain
Bond
☑
Grinding wheel
55
CO2 Footprint (kg/kg)
Wate
r U
sage (
l/kg)
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
200
250
300
Imprecision in Eco-attributes
Data Sources: CES Selector (V.5.1.0), Granta Design Ltd. UK.
170 types of technical ceramics
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
56
Imprecision in Eco-Attributes of Hard Materials used in Grinding Wheel
CO2 Footprint (kg/kg)
Wat
er U
sage
(l/
kg)
0 3 6 9 12 150
50
100
150
200
250
300AluminaSilicon CarbideZirconiaBoron NitrideBoron Carbide
NOX (g/kg)
SO
X (
g/k
g)
0 20 40 60 800
30
60
90
120
AluminaSilicon CarbideZirconiaBoron NitrideBoron Carbide
BC
BN
SiC
BC
BNZrO2
Al2O3
SiCZrO2
Al2O3
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
57
Universe of Discourse (X) for Two Cases Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Eco-attribute MultiplyingFactor (X)
CO2 (kg/ kg) 15
Water Usage (l/ kg) 300
NOX(g/ kg) 120
SOX(g/ kg) 80
VL – Very LowL – LowM – ModerateH – HighVH – Very High
Case 1
m(.)
Values of an Eco-attribute
xxxxxxxxxxx
VL L M H VH
VL-Very lowL-LowM-ModerateH-HighVH-Very high
X
Eco-attributes(primary material
production)
Universe of Discourse (X)Case-1 Case-2
CO2 footprint (kg/kg) [0,15] [0,12]Water usage (l/kg) [0,300] [0,280]
NOX emission (g/kg) [0,120] [0,110]SOX emission (g/kg) [0,80] [0,70]
58
Evaluation of Alumina (Al2O3)
Case-1 Case-2
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
59
Evaluation of Zirconia (ZrO2)
Case-1 Case -2
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
60
Evaluation of Silicon Carbide(SiC)
Case-1 Case- 2
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
61
Evaluation of Boron Nitride (BN)
Case-1 Case- 2
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
62
Evaluation of Boron Carbide (BC)
Case-1 Case- 2
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
63
Relative Positions of Environmentally Friendly and Less Friendly Materials
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Environmentally Friendly
Less Environmentally Friendly
Al2O3 ZrO2 SiC BN BC
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
64 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Creativity Assessment
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
65 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Internal Customer
External Customer
Conceptual Phase(Key Solutions)
Creativity
Key solution depends on the creativity of internal customers.
How to differentiate a creative key solution from a non-creative key solution?
(Recall Slide No.13)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
66 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Adaption of Creative Key Solution
is able to explain
Key Solutionsis adopted as a C K
Knowledge
becomesK K
NewKnowledge
K Kshould be added to
Ordinary Concept
ExistingKnowledge
Provides an
K C
CreativeConcept
C Cis needed to replace the
Cannot be explained by
K C
C-K Theory
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
67 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Propositions Truth values, µ(.) (x) Requirement
P11C1 is suitable for Mars atmosphere
Mostly false
0.1Engine should be suitable for Mars atmosphere
P12C1 is not suitable for Mars atmosphere
Perhaps true
0.73
P13 Performance of C1 is satisfactory
Mostly true 0.9 Engine performance should be satisfactory
P14 Performance of C1 is not satisfactory
Mostly false
0.1
Four Propositions for C1 ((Existing/non Creative Engine)
(Hydrocarbon+ O2 CO2 + Energy)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
68 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Total Information Content of C1 (Existing/non Creative Engine)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Requ
ireme
nt En
tropy
Certainty Entropy
information content(1.74)
Epistemic Challege(performance)
Compelling reason(suitableness)
(CE)
Suitableness
Performance
λ= 1.74
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
69 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Propositions Truth values, µ(.) (x) Requirement
P21 C2 is suitable for Mars atmosphere
Perhaps true
0.73 Engine should be suitable for Mars atmosphere
P22 C2 is not suitable for Mars atmosphere
Perhaps false
0.27
P23 Performance of C2 is satisfactory
Not sure 0.5 Engine performance should be satisfactory
P24 Performance of C2 is not satisfactory
Not sure 0.5
Four Propositions for C2 (Creative Engine)
(Magnesium+ CO2 O2 + Energy)
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
70 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Total Information Content of C2 (Creative Engine)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Req
uire
men
t Ent
ropy
Certainty Entropy
information content(3)
Epistemic Challege(performance)
Compelling reason(suitableness)
(CE)
Performance
Suitableness
λ= 3
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
71 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
It is needed to maximize the information content to be creative in conceptual phase of product development.
C2=Creative Engine (Magnesium+ CO2 O2 + Energy)
C1=Existing Engine (Hydrocarbon+ O2 CO2 + Energy)
Conclusion:
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
72 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Discussion and Concluding Remarks
73
1. To deal with the intrinsic complexity of customer needs analysis, logical aggregation of customer opinions is a better choice compared to that of frequency based analysis. This faculty of thought is demonstrated to be true by logically aggregating the field data of customer needs collected from Bangladesh on small passenger vehicles.
2. The multi-valued logic plays an important role in the logical computation. For the sake of a better understanding, Kano-model-based customer answers are considered.
3. Further study can be carried out extending the presented logical computation to other customer needs models.
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Customer Needs Assessment
74
Sustainability Assessment
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
1. Four eco-attributes called CO2 footprint, NOX emission, SOX
emission and Water usage of five classes of hard materials based on Alumina, Zirconia, Silicon Carbide, Boron Nitride, and Boron Carbides are studied. In all cases, numerical ranges give the eco-attributes, not by a sharp data points.
2. To deal with the imprecision associated with the eco-attributes, an entity called range compliance is used. The compliance of an eco-attribute given by a numerical range is determined by using a set of five linguistic classes labeled very low, low, moderate, high, and very high.
75
Sustainability Assessment (Cont’d)Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
3. The eco-attribute complying more with very low or low has low impact on the environment. The eco-attribute complying more with moderate, high, or very high has impact on the environment. A procedure is shown to aggregate these positive and negative impacts for all eco-indicators for a given family of materials namely Alumina, Zirconia, Silicon Carbide, Boron Nitride, and Boron Carbide.
4. It is found that Alumina based hard materials has low environmental impact followed by that of Zirconia and Silicon Carbide base materials. Boron Carbide has the highest environmental impact. The environmental impact of Boron Nitride based materials remains between that of Silicon Carbide and Boron Carbide based materials.
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
76 Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012
Creativity Assessment1. Creative concept means a concept that is undecided with respect
to the existing knowledge at the point of time when it (the concept) is conceived.
2. The information content of design from the sense of epistemic uncertainty should be maximized to remain creative (i.e., to adopt the creative concept).
3. When new knowledge is available underlying the creative concept, the information content of the product should go down significantly. Otherwise, the new knowledge does not add any value to the product.
77
Thanks for your attentions !
Decisionmaking in Conceptual Phase of Product Development
Md. Mamunur Rashid, Kitami Institute of Technology, 2012