MAKALAH IMUNOSEROLOGI kerangka.doc

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MAKALAH IMUNOSEROLOGI

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

DISUSUN OLEH

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M*i%/ita A2 N2 R (044)

K*3a% 5

AKADEMI ANALIS KESEHA-AN NASIONAL

SURAKAR-A

-AHUN A6ARAN 07$8707+

KA-A PENGAN-AR


2/17

D*n.an 9*n.a;kan %/k, ata% k* 1a'i,at -1an Yan. Ma1a E%a<

ak1i,n/a 9aka3a1 I9n"%*,"3".i '*n.an ='3 H9an I99n"'*#ii*n/ Vi,%

(HIV) ini 'a;at t*,%*3*%aikan2 P*9>atan 9aka3a1 ini 'i9ak%'kan ntk

9*9*n1i t.a% '"%*n I9n"%*,"3".i2 Maka 'a,i ;a'a it< 9aka3a1 ini akan

9*n=*3a%kan %*9a /an. >*,1>n.an '*n.an ;*n/akit HIV >*%*,ta '*n.an

;*9*,ik%aan 3a>",at",i9 /an. 'a;at 9*nn=an. 'ia.n"%i% ;*n/akit2

Da3a9 ;*n/%nan 9aka3a1 ini ka9i 9*n/a'a,i >a1wa 9aka3a1 ini =a1

'a,i k*%*9;,naan >aik 'a3a9 >*ntk ;*n/a=ian< k*3*n.ka;an i%i< 'an 3ain?

3ainn/a2 Untk it '*n.an %*nan. 1ati ka9i akan 9*n*,i9a %*.a3a %a,an< k,itik

'a,i ;a,a ;*9>aa .na 9*9;*,>aikan 9aka3a1 ini 'i k*9'ian 1a,i2 P*9>atan

9aka3a1 ini 'i1a,a;kan 'a;at >*,.na >a.i ;a,a 9a1a%i%wa /an. in.in

9*9;*3a=a,i t*ntan. i9nita% 3*>i1 'a3a92 Ka9i 9*n.1a,a;kan ;a,ti%i;a%i 'a,i

;a,a ;*9>aa2 S*9".a 9aka3a1 ini >*,9an#aat 'an >*,.na >a.i %*tia; ",an.

/an. 9*9>aan/a2

S,aka,ta< D*%*9>*, 07$

P*n/%n

i


3/17

DAF-AR ISI

KA-A PENGAN-AR222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222i

DAF-AR ISI222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222ii

5A5 I PENDAHULUAN22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222227

5A5 II ISI2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

5A5 III PENU-UP22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222277

DAF-AR PUS-AKA2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222227

LAMPIRAN222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222227

ii


4/17

5A5 I

PENDAHULUAN

A2 Lata, 5*3akan.

693a1 ;*n'*,ita AIDS %*9akin ta1n %*9akin >*,ta9>a12

P*n/*>a>n/a a'a3a1 HIV (H9an I99n"'*#ii*n/ Vi,%) 9*,;akan

,*t,"@i,% /an. 9*n,nkan k*9a9;an %/%t*9 i9n2 S*;*,ti ,*t,"@i,%

/an. 3ain< HIV 9*n.in#*k%i t>1 '*n.an ;*,i"'* ink>a%i /an. ;an=an.

'an ta9an/a 9*n/*>a>kan >*>*,a;a k*,%akan %/%t*9 i9n 'an

9*n.1an,kann/a2

Dia.n"%i% in#*k%i HIV 'a;at 'i3akkan '*n.an 9*n'*t*k%i

anti>"'/ ata anti.*n2 P*9*,ik%aan %*,"3".i /an. 'i;akai ntk

9*n*.akkan 'ia.n"%i% HIV 'i1a,a;kan 9*9;n/ai %*n%iti#ita% 'an

%;*%i#i%ita% /an. tin..i2 P*9*,ik%aan /an. 9*9;n/ai %*n%iti#ita% tin..i

akan 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 ;"%iti# ;a'a ",an. /an. t*,in#*k%i HIV 'an

9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 n*.ati@* ;a3% /an. k*i32 P*9*,ik%aan /an.

9*9;n/ai %;*%i#ita% /an. tin..i akan 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 /an. n*.ati@*

;a'a ",an. /an. ti'ak t*,in#*k%i HIV 'an 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 ;"%iti# ;a3%

/an. ,*n'a12 M*t"'* ;*9*,ik%aan anti>"'/ HIV t*,'i,i ata% ;*9*,ik%aan

9*9akai 9*t"'* ELISA8 EIA /an. 1a,% 'i;a%tikan '*n.an 9*t"'*

&*%t*,n 53"t ata D*t*k%i A%a9 Nk3*at2

52 R9%an Ma%a3a1

72 A;a /an. 'i9ak%' '*n.an HIV

2 A;a %a=a ;*n.."3"n.an 'a,i @i,% HIV

2 5a.ai9ana 9*kani%9* i9n"3".i @i,% HIV

42 A;a %a=a ;*9*,ik%aan La>",at",i9 /an. 9*nn=an. 'ia.n"%a HIV

5A5 II

ISI

1


5/17

A. Pengertian

HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus) a'a3a1 @i,% /an. 'a;at

9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2 HIV t*,9a%k k*3a,.a @i,% ,*t," /ait @i,% /an.

9*9a%kan 9at*,i .*n*tikn/a k* 'a3a9 %*3 1"%;*%< k*tika 9*3akkan a,a

in#*k%i '*n.an a,a /an. >*,>*'a (,*t,")< /ait 'a,i RNA 9*n=a'i DNA<

/an. k*9'ian 9*n/at 'a3a9 DNA %*3 tan ,9a1< 9*9>*ntk ;,"

@i,% 'an k*9'ian 9*3akkan ,*;3ika%i2

Vi,% HIV ini 'a;at 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS '*n.an a,a 9*n/*,an.

%*3 'a,a1 ;ti1 /an. >*,na9a %*3 CD4 %*1in..a 'a;at 9*,%ak %i%t*9

k*k*>a3an t>1 9an%ia /an. ;a'a ak1i,n/a ti'ak 'a;at >*,ta1an 'a,i

.an..an ;*n/akit wa3a;n /an. %an.at ,in.an %*ka3i;n2

Vi,% HIV 9*n/*,an. %*3 CD4 'an 9*,>a1n/a 9*n=a'i t*9;at

>*,k*9>an. >iak Vi,% HIV >a, k*9'ian 9*,%akn/a %*1in..a ti'ak

'a;at 'i.nakan 3a.i2 S*3 'a,a1 ;ti1 %an.at 'i;*,3kan ntk %i%t*9

k*k*>a3an t>12 -an;a k*k*>a3an t>1 9aka k*tika 'i%*,an. ;*n/akit

9aka t>1 kita ti'ak 9*9i3iki ;*3in'n.2 Da9;akn/a a'a3a1 kita 'a;at

9*nin..a3 'nia aki>at t*,k*na ;i3*k >ia%a2

B. Penggolongan

HIV 'a;at 'i>a.i 9*n=a'i 'a ti;*< /akni ti;* 7 'an ti;* 2 HIV?7

'a;at 'it*9kan 'i %*3,1 'nia< %*9*nta,a HIV? =a,an. 'it*9kan 'i

t*9;at 3ain %*3ain 'i A#,ika 5a,at2 K*'a ti;* @i,% ini 'it3a,kan '*n.an a,a

/an. %a9a 'an %a9a?%a9a 'a;at 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2 Akan t*ta;i< ta9;akn/a

HIV? 3*>i1 %3it 9*n3a, 'an in#*k%i HIV? =a1 3*>i1 3a9>at >*,>a1

9*n=a'i AIDS 'i>an'in.kan HIV?72Vi,3*n%i 'an viral load /an. ,*n'a1 'a,i

HIV? 9*n=a'i ;*n/*>a> k*a'aan t*,%*>t2 HIV? 9*9i3iki

2


6/17

%*ti'akn/a '*3a;an %>ti;*< 'i9ana %>ti;* A 'an 5 a'a3a1 /an. %*,in.

'it*9kan2

Di'.a HIV?7 >*,k*9>an. 'a,i Si9ian I99n"'*#ii*n/ Vi,%

(SIV) /an. 9*n.in#*k%i %i9;an%* (SIV;B) %*9*nta,a HIV? >*,k*9>an.

'a,i SIV /an. 9*n.in#*k%i 9"n/*t %""t/ 9an.a>*/ (SIV%99)2

C. Mekanisme Imunologi Infeksi HIV

HIV 9a%k k* 'a3a9 t>1 9*3a3i 'a,a1< ai,an .*nita3 9a;n ASI<

k*9'ian @i,% HIV 9*n*9;*3 ;a'a ,*%*;t", CD4 Li9#"%it - 'an 9a%k

k* %*3 3i9#"%it - k*9'ian @i,% HIV 9*9>*3a1 'i,i '*n.an 9*9akai

9at*,i /an. a'a 'i %*3 3i9#"%it - 9*n/*>a>kan %*3 Li9#"%it - ,%ak

%*1in..a k*9a9;an #a."%it"%i% 1i3an.2 HIV k*3a, 'a,i 3i9#"%it 'a3a9

>*ntk HIV 9'a 'an 9*9atan.kan 'i,i 'i ;*9>31 'a,a1< HIV /an.

9atan. akan %ia; 9*n.in#*k%i 3i9#"%it - /an. 3ain2 Di%i%i 3ain a;a>i3a

t*,=a'i in#*k%i 3ain ka,*na k*9a9;an #a."%it"%i% 3i9#"%it 1i3an. 9aka

akan ti9>3 .*=a3a 'an tan'a k3ini%2 Ka,*na 9*n/*,an. ;a'a ;*n'*,ita

/an. 9*9i3iki %/%t*9 k*k*>a3an t>1 /an. ,*n'a1 %*1in..a 'a3a9 k,n

wakt /an. 3a9a akan 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2

3


7/17

D. Pemeriksaan Laboratorium

P*9*,ik%aan S*,"3".i ntk 'ia.n"%i% HIV 'i1a,a;kan 9*9;n/ai

%*n%iti#ita% 'an %;*%i#i%ita% tin..i2 P*9*,ik%aan S*,"3".i /an. 'i.nakan

ntk 'ia.n"%i% HIV a'a3a1 '*t*k%i anti>"'/2 P*9*,ik%aan t*,%*>t t*,'i,i

ata% ;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. '*n.an 9*t"'* ELISA 'an Ra;i'< %*'an.kan

9*t"'* &*%t*,n 53"t ata &5 'i.nakan ntk 9*9a%tikan 1a%i3

;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in.2 Untk 'ia.n"%i% HIV< &",3' H*a3t1 O,.aniBati"n

(&HO) 9*n*ta;kan %t,at*.i2

• St,at*.i ;*,ta9a

5a1an K3inik /an. 'i;*,ik%a 9*n..nakan %at =*ni% ;*9*,ik%aan /an.

1a,% 9*9i3iki %*n%iti@ita% /an. tin..i2 5a1an k3inik /an. ,*akti#

'in/atakan ;"%iti# %*'an.kan /an. ti'ak ,*akti# 'in/atakan n*.ati@*2

4


8/17

Ha%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan %t,at*.i ;*,ta9a ti'ak >"3*1 'i;akai ntk

9*n*.akkan 'ia.n"%i% HIV aki>at t,an%#%* ata t,an%;3anta%i2

• St,at*.i K*'a

S*9a >a1an k3inik 'i;*,ik%a 9*n..nakan =*ni% ;*9*,ik%aan2

P*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a 1a,% 3*>i1 %*n%iti@* 'i>an'in.kan ;*9*,ik%aan

k*'a< 9*9akai anti.*n ata ;,in%i; ,*ak%i >*,>*'a '*n.an

;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a2 5i3a ;a'a ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a 1a%i3n/a ti'ak

,*akti# 'in/atakan 1a%i3n/a n*.ati@*< t*ta;i =ika ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a

,*akti# 'an ;*9*,ik%aan k*'a =.a ,*akti# 9aka 'in/atakan 1a%i3

;*9*,ik%aan ;"%iti# HIV2 S*>a3ikn/a =ika ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ,*akti#

%*'an.kan ;*9*,ik%aan k*'a ti'ak ,*akti#< 1a,% 'i;*,ik%a 3an.2 5i3a

1a%i3n/a t*ta; %a9a< 'in/atakan in'*t*,9inat*2 -*ta;i >i3a ;a'a

;*9*,ik%aan 3an.< 'i'a;atkan ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ti'ak ,*akti# 'an

;*9*,ik%aan k*'a =.a ti'ak ,*akti# 9aka 1a%i3n/a 'in/atakan HIV

n*.ati@*2

• St,at*.i K*ti.a

S*9a >a1an k3inik 'i;*,ik%a 9*n..nakan =*ni% 9*t"'*

;*9*,ik%aan2 P*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a 1a,% 3*>i1 %*n%iti@*< 'an

;*9*,ik%aan k*'a 1a,% 9*n..nakan anti.*n ata ;,in%i;

;*9*,ik%aan /an. >*,>*'a 'a,i /an. ;*,ta9a2 P*9*,ik%aan /an. k*ti.a

1a,% 9*n..nakan anti.*n ata ;,in%i; ;*9*,ik%aan /an. >*,>*'a 'a,i

/an. ;*,ta9a 'an k*'a2 6ika ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ti'ak ,*akti# 1a%i3

'in/atakan n*.ati@*< t*ta;i >i3a ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a< k*'a 'an k*ti.a

,*akti# 1a%i3n/a 'in/atakan 1a%i3n/a ;"%iti#2 S*>a3ikn/a =ika ;a'a

;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ,*akti#< ;*9*,ik%aan k*'a ,*akti#< 'an

;*9*,ik%aan k*ti.a =.a ,*akti# ata ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ,*akti#<

k*'a ti'ak ,*akti# 'an k*ti.a ,*akti# 9aka 'in/atakan in'*t*,9inat*2

5


9/17

M*t"'* ;*9*,ik%aan 3a>",at",i9 'a%a, ntk 'ia.n"%i% in#*k%i HIV

'i>a.i 'a3a9 'a k*3"9;"k /ait =i i9n"3".i 'an =i @i,"3"./2

a2 U=i I9n"3".i

U=i i9n"3".i t*,'i,i 'a,i Ra;i' -*%t< ELISA< IFA< &*%t*,n 53"t (&5)

A%%a/< IFA (In'i,*t I99n"#3",*%*nt A%%a/)2

72 Ra;i' -*%t

Ra;i' -*%t 'i.nakan ntk '*t*k%i anti>"'i anti HIV t*3a1 >an/ak

'i.nakan %*3a9a '*ka'* t*,ak1i,2 Da%a, Ra;i' -*%t a'a3a1

i99n"k,"9at".,a#i ntk '*t*k%i anti>"'i HIV?7 'an HIV?

%*a,a ka3itati#2 P*9*,ik%aan Ra;i' -*%t 9'a1 'i3akkan< ti'ak

9*9*,3kan ;*,a3atan k1%% 'an 1a%i3n/a 'a;at 'i>aa 'a3a9

wakt k,an. 'a,i 0 9*nit2 Ka,*na it Ra;i' -*%t %an.at >*,.na

ntk 9*9>ant 9*n*ta;kan %tat% 9*'i% ;a'a ",an. /an. 'i'.a

t*,in#*k%i HIV %*1in..a 'a;at 9*n.,an.i ;*n3a,an in#*k%i

ka,*na 1a%i3 'i;*,"3*1 'a3a9 wakt/an. %in.kat 'an ;a%i*n 'a;at

%*.*,a 'itan.ani2

US F""' An' D,. A'9ini%t,ati"n (FDA) 9*n/*t=i ti.a =*ni%

;*9*,ik%aan Ra;i' -*%t anta,a 3ain O,aik A'@an* Ra;i'< Uni

G"3'?R*"9>i.*n< M3ti%;"t HIV?7 8 HIV?2

a2 O,aik A'@an* Ra;i'

Sa9;*3 k3inik >*,;a 'a,a1 @*na< =n. =a,i 'an ai,an ,"n..a

93t2 Da,a1 'i9a%kkan k* 'a3a9 ta>n. ;*n.*n*, /an.

9*n.an'n. 7 93 3a,tan >##*, 3a3 'ik""k 1in..a 9*,ata<

k*9'ian 'i9a%kkan a3at ;*n.=i (%t,i;8a,ik *3;) k* 'a3a9

ta>n. ;*n.*n*, t*,%*>t2 Cai,an ",a3 'i;*,"3*1 '*n.an

%a;an 3a, ;a'a .%i 3a, ata% 'an >awa1< /an. 3an.%n.'i9a%kkan k* 'a3a9 ta>n. ;*n.*n*,2 Anti>"'i anti?HIV

;a'a %a9;*3 akan 9*n.ikat ,*a.*n ;,"t*in A k"33"i' *9a%2

K"9;3*k% anti>"'i HIV?;,"t*in k"33"i' *9a% akan >*,*ak%i

'*n.an anti.*n 'i 9*9>,an nit,"%*33"%a /an. 9*n.an'n.

;*;ti'a %int*tik .;47 (HIV?7) 'an .; + (HIV?) /an. %*%ai

6


10/17

'*n.an I.G 'an akan 9*9>*ntk wa,na 9*,a12 Ga,i% 9*,a1

/an. 9n3 'i a,*a k"nt,"3 9*nan'akan 1a%i3 /an. ,*akti#2

Ha%i3 'i>aa 'a3a9 wakt 0? 40 9*nit2 5i3a ;*9>aaan

k,an. 'a,i 0 9*nit (t*,1itn. 93ai a,ik *3; 'i9a%kan k*

'a3a9 ta>n. ;*n.*n*,) k*9n.kinan akan 9*n.1a%i3kan

n*.ati# ;a3%2 S*>a3ikn/a >i3a ;*9>aaan 1a%i3 3*>i1 'a,i 40

9*nit akan 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 ;"%iti# ;a3%2 5i3a ti'ak ti9>3

wa,na 9*,a1 9aka 'a;at 'i%*>t 1a%i3 n"n ,*akti#2 Anti>"'i

HIV?7 'an anti>"'i HIV? ti'ak 'a;at 'i>*'akan '*n.an

;*9*,ik%aan ini2 Ha%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan /an. ;"%iti# 3*9a1 ;a'a

1a,% 'i;a%tikan '*n.an t*% EIA ata &*%t*,n 53"t2

>2 Uni G"3'?R*"9>i.*n

Pa'a ;*9*,ik%aan ini 9*n..nakan %t,i; t*%22 A'a;n 3an.ka1

;*9*,ik%aann/a /ait '*n.an 9*n*t*%kan %at t*t*% %a9;*3 k*

'a3a9 3>an. %a9;*3 k*9'ian 9*na9>a1kan *9;at t*t*%

wa%1 %"3ti"n 'an tn.. %*3a9a 70 9*nit2 Ha%i3 ;"%iti# =ika

'i'a;atkan .a,i% 9*,a1 ;a'a in'ikat", -*%t2 Ha%i3 n*.ati# =ika

'i'a;atkan .a,i% 9*,a1 1an/a t*,>*ntk ;a'a in'ikat", C"nt,"3

%a=a2

2 M3ti%;"t HIV?78HIV?

P*9*,ik%aan ini 9*n..nakan ;*9>aaan i'*ntita% %*tia; titik

;a'a 9*9>,an a,t,i'.*2 S*tia; titik 9*waki3i titik P,"*',a3

C"nt,"3< titik R*"9>inant HIV?7< titik HIV? ;*;ti'*< 'an

titik HIV?7 ;*;ti'*2 P*9>aaan 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan a'a3a1

%*>a.ai >*,ikt :• N"n,*akti# : 1an/a titik P,"*',a3 "nt,"3 /an.

9*na9;i3kan wa,na n.

• HIV?7 R*akti#? Awa3 P"%iti# : wa,na n. ;a'a titik

P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3< ;a'a titik R*"9>inant HIV?7 ata

HIV?7 ;*;ti'*2

• HIV? R*akti#?Awa3 P"%iti# : wa,na n. ;a'a titik

P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3 'an ;a'a titik HIV? ;*;ti'*2

7


11/17

• HIV R*akti# (n'i##*,*ntiat*') Awa3 P"%iti# : wa,na n.

;a'a %*9a titik 8 wa,na n. ;a'a titik P,"*',a3C"nt,"3? titik R*"9>inant HIV?7 titik HIV? ;*;ti'* 8

wa,na n. ;a'a titik P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3?titik HIV?7

;*;ti'*? titik HIV? ;*;ti'*2

• -i'ak @a3i' : 6ika ti'ak a'a wa,na ;a'a %*9a titik 'an

3ata, >*3akan. ;a'a 9*9>,an at,i'.* .*3a; 'an

9*n.a>,kan int*,;,*ta%i titik 9aka 1a%i3 'ikatakan ti'ak

@a3i' 'an ;*,3 'i3akkan ;*n.=ian 3an.2 6ika 1a%i3 t*ta;

ti'ak @a3i' 9aka 'i3akkan ;*n.=ian 3an. '*n.an %a9;*3

/an. >a,2

2 P*9*,ik%aan ELISA (EnBi9?Link*' I99n"%",>*nt A%%a/)

P*9*,ik%aan EnB/9 I99n" A%%a/ (EIA) a'a3a1 =*ni%

;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. /an. *#*kti# 'an >an/ak 'i;akai ntk

9*n'*t*k%i anti>"'/ anti HIV ka,*na 9*9;n/ai %*n%iti#ita% /an.

tin..i2 S*>a.ai >a1an ;*9*,ik%aan 'i;akai 'a,a1< ai,an ,"n..a

93t< ata ,in*2 U99n/a 9*t"'* EIA 9*n'*t*k%i anti>"'/

t*,1a'a; ;,"t*in ;+ 'an .;47 /an. 9*,;akan >a.ian @i,% HIV2

Ha%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan 'i>an'in.kan '*n.an ni3ai t "## /an. 'i'a;at

%aat ;*9*,ik%aan ELISA 'i3akkan2

5i3a ni3ai %a9;*3 3*>i1 k*i3 'a,i ni3ai t "## 'ian..a; n"n ,*akti#<

t*ta;i >i3a ni3ai %a9;*3 3*>i1 %a9;*3 'a,i ni3ai t "##< ;*9*,ik%aan

'i3an. k*9>a3i (in';3iat*) '*n.an 9*9akai %a9;*3 /an. >a,2

6ika 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan t*,%*>t 3*>i1 >*%a, 'a,i ni3ai t "## >*,a,ti

1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan ,*akti# t*,1a'a; HIV2 5i3a ni3ai %a9;*3

9*n'*kati ni3ai t "## ;*9*,ik%aan 3an. 'i3akkan ?4 9in..

k*9'ian ka,*na 'i1a,a;kan 'a3a9 ;*,i"'* t*,%*>t anti>"'/ /an.

t*,>*ntk %'a1 'a;at t*,'*t*k%i2 Ha%i3 n*.ati@* ;a3% 'a;at t*,=a'i

ka,*na ,*n'a1n/a tit*, anti>"'/ ata aki>at t*,a;i i99n"%;,*%i2

Ha%i3 ;"%iti# ;a3% 'a;at t*,=a'i ka,*na k*%a3a1an t*knik

;*9*,ik%aan2

8


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2 &*%t*,n 53"t (&5) A%%a/

P*9*,ik%aan &5 9*,;akan 9*t"'* %*t*3a1 'i3akkan

;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. 9i%a3n/a '*n.an EIA2 P*9*,ik%aan ini

'i3akkan ntk =i k"n#i,9a%i2 P,in%i; ;*9*,ik%aann/a a'a3a1

,*ak%i anta,a anti>"'i anti HIV '*n.an anti.*n HIV2

P,"t*in /an. >*,a%a3 'a,i @i,% HIV 'i'*nat,a%i 'an %*3an=tn/a

'i;i%a1kan '*n.an 9*t"'* *3*kt,"#",*%i% '*n.an 9*n..nakan

(SDS?PAGE)2 P,"t*in '*n.an >*,at 9"3*k3 >*%a, akan >*,9i.,a%i

3a9>at< %*'an.kan ;,"t*in '*n.an >*,at 9"3*k3 ,in.an akan

>*,9i.,a%i 3*>i1 *;at2 S*3an=tn/a 'a,i .*3< ;,"t*in 'it,an%#*, k*

9*9>,an nit,"%*33"%* 'an 'i,*ak%ikan '*n.an %*,9 ;a%i*n2

S*3an=tn/a 'i3akkan @i%a3i%a%i 1in..a 1a%i3 &5 t*,3i1at %*>a.ai

;ita2 Ha%i3 'in/atakan ;"%iti# >i3a t*,'a;at ;ita %*k,an.?k,an.n/a

'a 'a,i anti.*n >*,ikt ini /ait< inti (Ga.) ;,"t*in (;4)< (*n@)

.3ik";,"t*in (.;47) ata .; 7087+02

42 In'i,*t I99n"#3",*%*n* A%%a/% (IFA)

U=i ini %*'*,1ana ntk 'i3akkan 'an wakt /an. 'i>t1kan

3*>i1 %*'ikit'an %*'ikit 3*>i1 9a1a3 'a,i =i Western blot. Antibodi

Ig dilabel dengan ;*na9>a1an #3","k,"9 'an akan >*,ikatan

;a'a anti>"'i HIV =ika >*,a'a ;a'a %a9;*32 6ika %3i'*

9*nn=kkan #3",*%*n %it";3a%9a 'ian..a; 1a%i3 ;"%iti# (,*akti#)<

/an. 9*nn=kkan k*>*,a'aan anti>"'i HIV?72

>2 U=i Vi,"3".i

Untk 'ia.n"%i% in#*k%i HIV %*3ain '*t*k%i anti>"'i =.a

'ik*9>an.kan '*t*k%i anti.*n 'ianta,an/a '*n.an 9*n.k,

9*9akai 9*t"'* P"3/9*,a%* C1ain R*ati"n (PCR) ntk 9*n'*t*k%i

a%a9nk3*at @i,% HIV2 D*n.an ;*n.k,an HIV RNA 'i 'a3a9

'a,a1< 'a;at 'ini3ai >*%a,n/a ,*;3ika%i @i,%2 -ia; @i,% HIV

9*9>awa 'a k";i RNA2 6ika 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan 'i'a;atkan =93a1

HIV RNA %*>*%a, 0 000 k";i ;*, 93 9aka >*,a,ti 'i 'a3a9 tia;

9i3i3it*, 'a,a1 t*,'a;at 70 000 ;a,tik*3 RNA @i,% 'a3a9 ;3a%9a /an.

'a;at 'ik, %*a,a kantitati# 9*3a3i >*>*,a;a a,a 9i%a3n/a PCR<

9


13/17

5,an*' C1ain DNA (>?DNA)< 'an N3*i' Ai' S**n*?5a%*'

A9;3i#iati"n (NAS5A)2

10


14/17

5A5 III

PENU-UP

HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus) a'a3a1 @i,% /an. 'a;at

9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2 HIV t*,9a%k k*3a,.a @i,% ,*t," /ait @i,% /an.

9*9a%kan 9at*,i .*n*tikn/a k* 'a3a9 %*3 1"%;*%2 Vi,% HIV ini 'a;at

9*n/*>a>kan AIDS '*n.an a,a 9*n/*,an. %*3 'a,a1 ;ti1 /an. >*,na9a

%*3 CD4 %*1in..a 'a;at 9*,%ak %i%t*9 k*k*>a3an t>1 9an%ia /an.

;a'a ak1i,n/a ti'ak 'a;at >*,ta1an 'a,i .an..an ;*n/akit wa3a;n /an.

%an.at ,in.an %*ka3i;n2

P*9*,ik%aan 3a>",at",i9 ntk 9*nn=an. 'ia.n"%i% HIV a'a

9aa9 /ait =i i9n"3".i 'an =i @i,"3".i2 U=i i9n"3".i /an. 'i.nakan

ntk 'ia.n"%i% HIV a'a3a1 '*t*k%i anti>"'/2 P*9*,ik%aan t*,%*>t t*,'i,i

ata% ;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. '*n.an 9*t"'* ELISA 'an Ra;i'< %*'an.kan

9*t"'* &*%t*,n 53"t ata &5 'i.nakan ntk 9*9a%tikan 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in.2 S*'an.kan ntk =i @i,"3".i t*,'i,i 'a,i PCR

(P"3/9*,a%* C1ain R*ati"n) ntk 9*n'*t*k%i a%a9 nk3*at @i,%2

11


15/17

DAF-AR PUS-AKA

A< Y"@*3in*2< R< &a1/nin.%i12< Y< K9a3awati2< S< Sn.ka,2 002 Peran Rapid

Oval HIV Tes alam iagnosis Infe!si HIV. Ma=a3a1 K*'"kt*,an In'"n*%ia2

D,9an< E'/ana2 072 iagnosis "erologi Infe!si Human Immunodeficiency

Virus2 Ma=a3a1 K*'"kt*,an FK UKI 07 V"3 VIII N"22 D*;a,t*9*n

Pat"3".i K3inik Fak3ta% K*'"kt*,an Uni@*,%ita% K,i%t*n In'"n*%ia

G6< An'*,%"n2< Ci;"33a C< M2< R-< K*nn*'/2 0772 Western #lotting $sing

%apillary &lectrop'oresis. Ann C3inia32

6S< Y*"92< 65< L**2< *t a332 00+2 &valuation of A (e T'ird *eneration &+I"A

,or T'e etection of HIV Infection. C3inia3 La>",at",/ "# Si*n*2

MA< P*%*2< KF< C1"w2< E< H"'2 00+2 HIV Antibody Testing. C3inia3 Pat1"3"./2

S< K1,ana2< P6< N",,i%2< *t a332 0702 HIV "electest &n-yme Immunoassay and

Rapid Test. 6aka,ta : EGC

S,i Ha,ti< A.n*%2< 'kk2 0742 Pemeri!saan HIV an / 0etode

Imuno!romatografi Rapid Test "ebagai "creening Test ete!si Aids . 6,na3

K*%*1atan Ma%/a,akat Da*,a1 S,aka,ta2

12


16/17

LAMPIRAN

Interpretasi Pemeriksaan Multispot HIV-1HIV-!

13


17/17

Langka" Pemeriksaan #ni-$ol% &e'ombigen HIV

Langka" Pemeriksaan ra-)ui'k

14

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