Magazine Research Documet

Research DocumentRebecca Fisk - TFD1064-1213: Design Practice Two

U1251573029

Brief BreakdownRESEARCH

Body of original research based on modernism and post modernism, include:

-Origin and philosophy-Nature of the movement-Political concerns-Industrial concerns-Social influences

Evidence of thumbnail visual and design layouts

Evidence of multiple solutions and design refinement

Masthead research and development

Cover design research and development

KEYWORDS

Modernism/Post-modernism/Form/Function/Swiss/Utopia/Bauhaus/Constructivism/Futurism/DeStijl/Cubism/Dada

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Historical Events In Modernism

1776 AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

1799 NAPOLEON ASSUMES DICTATORSHIP

1811 LUDDITES SMASH INDUSTRIAL MACHINES IN ENGLAND

1838 DARWINS FIRST NOTES ON HIS THEORY OF EVOLUTION

1856 WORLD’S FIRST LARGE OIL REFINERY BUILT IN ROMANIA

1865 MENDEL’S LAWS OF HEREDITY

1905 EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF RELATIVITY

1945 SECOND WORLDWIDE WAR IN 30 YEARS ENDED BY ATOMIC BOMB

Form Follows FunctionThe basic principle of Form Follows Function is that in order to design something successfully, you must first understand and cater for its function.The phrase is said to have been coined by Louis Sullivan who was a famous architect in the modern period. He was said to be the ‘Father of Modernism’. A lot of his design was based in Chicago revolving around skyscrapers. Louis Sullivan was a mentor to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who has design some incredible buildings such as the New York Guggenheim and the ‘Falling Water’ building (bottom left). Frank Lloyd Wright once said that ‘Form follows function that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined

in a spiritual union.’. He would never design anything without first meeting the people he was designing it for, and understanding the function that they needed it for.The phrase also demands that you place the practical needs of the design over the aesthetics in order to create a successful piece of design. This was evident in all fields of design, not just architecture, Bauhaus is an example of this. Another more recent example of this is the product design company ‘Joseph Joseph’. They create a lot kitchen-ware that is highly functional for its purpose (right).Overall, form follows function is a phrase coined and adhered to by the Modernists, and was a big part of design in all fields.

Frank Lloyd Wright - Falling Water.

Modern Art Timeline

This was a radical development in modern art which started in France. This is where modern art styles began. The impressionists liked to capture the atmosphere of a particular time of day or particular weather conditions through a colourful style of

painting. The most prominent artist of the time was Alfred Sisley.

*1877 - THOMAS EDISON INVENTED SOUND RECORDING *1879 THOMAS EDISON INVENTS THE ELEMENT BULB*1895 LUMIER BROTHER INVENT MOVIE CAMERAS AND PROJECTORS

There were a few independent artists at the end of the 20th Century that rebelled against the limitations of impressionism. This led to the post impressionists developing a rang of personal styles that influenced the development of art in the 20th Century. Post impressionists used a lot of vivid colours as well as real life subject matter, distorted form, and unnatural colour. The most prominent artist of the

time was Vincent Van Gogh.

IMPRESSIONISM1870 - 1890

POST IMPRESSIONISM1880 - 1905

Symbolism was seen as an international ideological trend. Symbolism represents art that should apprehend absolute truths which could only be accessed indirectly. This meant they painted scenes from nature, human activities, and other real world phenomena in a highly metaphorical and suggestive manner. Most prominent artist

from the period was Viktor Vasnetsov.

*1898 MARIE CURIE DISCOVERED RADIUM *1901 FIRST TRANSATLANTIC MESSAGE SENT BY MARCONI*1905 EINSTEINS THEORY OF RELETIVITY

Art Nouveau stands for ‘New Art’ in French. It is a decorative form of art and is described by subtle light, feminine figures, fluent dresses, controlled line, and colourful new shapes. The turn of the century led the way to new ideas, attempts and creative innovations in the fields of architecture, interior design and much more. It was an original and artistic movement which was similar to art deco. The most

prominent artist from the period was Alphonse Mucha.

SYMBOLISM1880 - EARLY 1900’S

ART NOUVEAU1880’S - 1910

Modern Art Timeline

Expressionism originated in Germany at the beginning of the 20th Century. The typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. Expressionism looks to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality. The most

prominent artists of the movement were Franz Marc and Sidney Nolan.

*1913 HENRY FORD DEVELOPED MASS PRODUCTION OF THE CAR

Fauvism was the first movement of the 20th Century in modern art which was started by a group of French allies. They emphasized the use of intense colour as a vehicle for describing light and space as well as for communicating the artists emotional state. The most prominent artist of the movement was Henri Matisse.

EXPRESSIONISM1890 - 1934

FAUVISM1900 - 1920

Cubism was invented in Paris by Pablo Picasso and George Braque. Cubists like to argue that reality includes the painters efforts to see that the viewer and vie-wee are part of the same thing. This meant they wanted to paint the fact that our knowledge of an object is made up of all possible views of it. They would ask, is this what I see? Picasso enjoyed the freedom to distort, he provoked Cubism. Objects in cubism are broken up into small multifaceted areas. In 1908 and 1909 Braque progressed

Cubism until Picasso and Braque became indistinguishable painters.

Futurism originated in Italy. It emphasized themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city. Machinery was power in their eyes. Marinette created a famous manifesto that said “We intend to sing the love of danger, and new beauty, the beauty of speed.” Futurists want no part of the past, they were interested in movement and rhythms. This was evident in their painting.

The most prominent artist of the movement was Giacomo Balla.

CUBISM1907 - 1915

FUTURISM1909 - 1914

Modern Art Timeline

Dadaism originated in Europe during the time of the first world war. At this point the world was different to the world Modernism was born into. The joy and excitement that the machine brought was now cut down by that of the other machine, the destructive ones. WW1 destroyed an entire generation, and created a longing for a clean slate. Pacifists moved to Switzerland, the neutral country. Dadaism emphasized the desire to go back to scratch, starting again without war, in the name of innocence. The most

prominent artists of the movement was Marcel Duchamp.

Constructivism started in Russia in the soviet union. It was not strictly an art movement but more of a trend in the arts. It had a great effect on movements in the 20th Century such as Bauhaus. There were major impacts upon architecture, graphic and industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and to some extent music.

The most prominent artist of the movement was El Lissitzky.

DADAISM1916 - 1922

CONSTRUCTIVISM1917 - 1934

Bauhaus was a school in Germany that brought together crafts and fine arts (e.g. design and art), and were famous for their approach to design that it publicized and taught. Bauhaus had a major influence in the developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design and typography from her onwards. One of the most prominent artists of the movement was Walter Gropius.

This was another movement that influenced the world of design and architecture etc. At it’s best, Art Deco represented elegance, glamour, functionality and modern design. The purpose of Art Deco was to be purely decorative. Most prominent artist

was Tamara de Lempicka.

BAUHAUS1919 - 1933

ART DECO1920’S - 1940’S

Modern Art Timeline

Surrealism was a style in which fantastical visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the work logically comprehensable. Surrealism was the positive response to Dada’s negativity. It’s aim was to liberate the artists imagination to discover a superior reality. They drew on the images of dreams and combined unrelated images together. most prominent artists are Rene Magritte and

Max Ernst.

Pop Art represented a sense of optimism during the post war consumer boom. It coincided with the globalization of pop music and youth culture. It was brash, very colourful, young, fun and hostile to the artistic establishment. It included different styles of painting and sculptures from various countries, the thing they all had in

common was popular culture. Most prominent artist was Andy Warhol.

SURREALISM1924 - 1950’S

POP ART1954 - 1970

Conceptual art is intended to convey a particular idea or concept to an audience. The concept takes importance over the aesthetics and materials of the artwork. Most

prominent artist of the movement was Sol Lewitt.

Minimalism is where work set out to emphasize the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non essential forms, features or concepts. Reduced work to a basic shape, surface and materials. Minimalists used hard edged forms and geometric grid structures. Colour was simply used to define space or surface. Most prominent artist of the movement was John McCracken and Frank Stella.

CONCEPTUAL ART1960 - 1980’S

MINIMALISM1960 - 1975

Modern Art Timeline

Neo-Expressionists liked to portray recognisable objects such as the human body in a rough and violently emotional way using vivid colours. The most prominent artist of

the movement was Georg Baselitz.

Performance art is a performance presented to an audience. The performance may be scripted or unscripted, random, or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance can be live or via media, the performer can be present or absent. It just was to involve four basic elements; time, space, the performers body/presence in a medium and a relationship between performer and audience. The most prominent artist of

the movement was Alan Abel.

NEO - EXPRESSIONISM1970’S - 1990’S

PERFORMANCE ART1970’S - 1980’S ONWARDS

History Of Design- (Noun) The art or skill of combining text and pictures in advertisements, magazines, or books.The term graphic design was coined by William Addison Dwiggins in the early 20th Century.Graphic design began with our ancestors when they left us cave paintings and inscription like on the walls of the Egyptian pyramids. The book of kells was a good example of the evolution of graphic design at the time.Renaissance (early 1400’s) started to bring in early logo design in the form of illuminated letters. There were also developments in new fonts, some of which are still used today.Next Gutenberg invented

modular moveable type in 1450 in Europe, he was incredibly gifted as a craftsman and created metal castings for each letter of the alphabet. The incunabula was a book that Gutenberg published, it soon became the standard for printing and publishing, and allowed for great leaps in graphic design. Graphic design of that era was called Old Style Graphic Design.When the industrial revolution hit in 1760 artists such as Walter Crane and Randolph Caldecott developed toy books for children. At this point in time also, magazine were created with the intention of informing people. Photography was also invented and seen as a visual communication tool.

The hobby horse was a magazine that ran from 1884–1894, it had seven volumes and 28 issues. It was the very first magazine to be devoted completely to the visual arts.During World War One, posters become an important feature of propaganda. The government used war posters for communication and persuasion to get people to enlist etc. As we went through the different artistic periods, the characteristics of these periods reflected on graphic design, for example art deco posters were elegant and sophisticated, and the posters created during constructivism were geometric

History Of Designwith strong typography. Next came the Bauhaus, which was the first school to combine art and design together.After the Bauhaus, advertising led the world into the age of information. New fonts entered the market such as Helvetica, Universe. This was at the time when Swiss Design was leading the market with their unique typography.Paul Rand and Saul Bass designed a lot of well known company logos that we see today such as IBM and UPS.Push Pin Studios brought a new dimention to illustration and design and had a passion for artistic movements.

Swiss Design

‘The Swiss Legacy’

The Swiss style of design was a famous one. Though it may have originated in Switzerland, it emerged in Russia, Germany, and the Netherlands in the 1920’s. After the 1950’s it became an international style and began to be produced by designers all over the world.Swiss style emerged from the ideals of the modernists and the constructivists. It was said to be a pursuit of simplicity. The craft relied heavily on minimal typography and focused heavily on layout. The principle form follows function was leant on massively. The Grid is a system which is supposed to help graphic designers make their layouts logical and consistent. Josef Muller-Brockmann played a big part in the development of the grid system with the book that

he publish which was called ‘Grid Systems in Graphic Design’.Grids however are more than just placing elements to fit the lines, there is a sibtle art to organizing the data on the page which is a big part of the Swiss style.With the Swiss style being extremely minimalist, the Swiss movement said that ‘adding more elements without fully exploring the potential of the fundamental ones can be considered a waste’.Helvetica was one of the most important pieces of design to come out of the Swiss movement. It is still used today for all sorts of corporate branding, everywhere you look you will see Helvetica. At the time it was a major breakthrough in design, and is still having a major effect on design of today.

PostmodernismDeveloping towards the second half of the 20th century, postmodernism is a direct response to modernism. The very idea of postmodernism is to rebel against the modernists and what they stood for, in term of politics, art, media and much more. Post-modernists had a very big issue with the media because of their persuasion over the general public. When discussing art, post-modernism can again be described as a direct response and opposite of modernism. This relates to things such as the grid system, which is completely disregarded by post-modernists. If you compared a modern magazine article to a post-modern one, you can clearly see the different in purely the layout. One would be adhered to a conformed grid system, and one would have text and image potentially overlapping or in disarray. Post-modernism brought forward genres of art such as installation art, performance art and conceptual art. They were very focused on using different media to the modernists, or using

Whereas modernism is more concerned with the functionality of a piece of work, post-modernist are more interested in what message their work portrays, and will more often than not disregard the aesthetic nature of their work. Idea behind post-modern work can include rebellions to media, philosophies they thought to be true, or even the answer of science to world problems.Post-modernists were also very concerned with two key things, deconstruction, which is a form of textual criticism, it considers that a text is open for interpretation but can also be filled with hidden messages, bias, assumptions or prejudices. The other is anti-realism, this is the belief that questions reality, and has people believe that reality is subjectively constructed by human thought. A very famous post-modernist Jacques Derrida was the developer of the semiotic analysis tool deconstruction. During his life the famous French philosopher published more than forty books as well as a considerable amount of essays and public presentations.

Bauhaus“Bauhaus - Building House.”The Bauhaus was the focal point of many Avant Guard ideas, it is said that there was simply no other school like it at the time. The school changed everything in terms of art and design, it brought disciplines together and broke the separations between them.Bauhaus was born out of the catastrophe that was War, started by Walter Gropius, who himself served in the army, he longed for a world where the machine was tame, rather than a weapon of destruction. The Bauhaus was originally founded in Weimar, it was less troubled by riots at the time, as well as being said to be the cultural heart of the nation.The Bauhaus was where the idea of workshop based learning originated, the way that many designers learn today. Gropius decided that there needed to be a greater link between the machine and the artist this meant that he was going to encourage people to learn not only about their art, but how to craft it as well. Crafts such as binding, pottery, stained glass, fabrics and furniture were all learnt by doing. All of these

crafts were to be taught by a master craftsmen, whilst all of the aesthetics features were taught by artists. There was a sense of artistic vitality there, there was absolutely no lack of personality within the walls of the school.One of the main aims of the Bauhaus was to bring a new way of thinking to artists, a constructive way of thinking. They were to do away with the separations between design, architecture, painting, sculpture etc., and were to make them one. Paul Clay (who was a keen violinist as well as artist) and Kandinsky were both a vital part of the Bauhaus. Kandinsky was in charge of the foundation course, teaching about geometric shapes within art, colour theory and materials. This was the first time that the emphasis was on individual students, and it was also the first time that design had been taught in a coherent way, within an art context. This is what invented the Modern art student, and attracted particular types of politically radical people. It was described by a previous student as ‘Incredibly Free’.

Gropius wanted to give everyone a chance at getting into the school, however he had a lot of female applicants. This to Gropius was a problem, and he decided that wood and metal work was too hard for women, so they were segregated into what was seen as ‘women’s work’. They were sent to do crafts such as textiles and weaving, which in some ways developed the textiles industry massively.Bauhaus began to move into the industrial side of things, making individual projects with mass market in mind, along with keeping function and production in mind. Theatre was also central to the Bauhaus, which brought communal theories into practice, sometimes the walls between the canteen and the theatre would be opened with the intention of a great show of work.In 1923, the Bauhaus went public, the government wanted to see what was actually being done with the text payer’s money. This led to the Bauhaus mounting an exhibition, which started to reveal the transition of the early expressionistic Bauhaus, to the

later constructivist Bauhaus. It was almost as if they went from being conceptualists to engineers, learning about design and other practices, before moving into the development of products. The most important feature of the exhibition was a particular house that was built on a hill that overlooked Weimar Park. The house was made entirely from prefabricated parts, and was furnished entirely by the Bauhausworkshops. The house was said to be ecologically sound, cheap to build as well as easy to run. It was what shaped the dreams of a better work in an ecological standpoint. Unfortunately hyperinflation began to rage, the zero’s on bank notes multiplied (some of the notes were even designed by the Bauhaus) and unemployment rose. This led to the future of the Bauhaus looking bleak, and the Bauhaus was branded as being communist. This was at a point in time when Nazi’s were marching through Weimar, and the Bauhaus was declared closed. This took some of the wind out of the government’s sails.

In 1925 the Bauhaus reopened in the northern industrial city of Dessau. It was politically more liberal here, as well as richer. Dessau was the home of the worlds most advanced aircraft manufacturers, whose headquarters were based there. Dessau was also home to a lot of chemical engineering works. This made Dessau the natural choice for the Bauhaus to open. This meant that were was plenty of money to build a new school building, which Gropius designed himself; it took a little over a year to design. This allowed everything to be under one roof including the accommodation for students. It was one of the first buildings to express the hunger for simplicity and functionality, it effected architecture everywhere at the time. It is believed to be the perfect example of constructivism and a modern building, the building looked more like a laboratory than an art school however.In terms of furniture, method had to change because modern life demanded modern method.

Metal replaced wood, screws, glue and dove tail joints were superseded by welding. Chairs began to follow the principles of engineering rather than aesthetics, function over form. This was inspired by cars, aeroplanes and racing bicycles, similarly to the futurists. Photography also was exploited as a means of visual communication. Typography and graphic design made commanding statements. This was through design being bright, bold, simple and devoid of every kind of decoration, even serifs were banned from type. Traditional solutions were ignored, everything was possible.One of the biggest changes at the Bauhaus was the introduction of the architecture department. At this point also, Walter stepped back in order to avoid bad publicity in relation to communism, as the Nazi’s had a big problem with him specifically. He allowed Hannes Meyer to be his successor, however Meyer did not tell Weiner of his leaning towards the left political side.

This mean that his two short years at the Bauhaus led the school to moving increasing to the left itself. Hannes Meyer was removed as director in 1930 and replaced with Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe. This led to architecture becoming dominant at the Bauhaus and all political activity was banned. Unfortunately it was to no avail as the Nazi’s gained control of the council and closed the Bauhaus, as they believed it to be a festering sewer of communist cosmopolitan and Jewish ideas. The called the Bauhaus cultural Bolshevik’s (communists) and anything that was Bolshevik was evil. Although Nazi’s understood industrialisation, it was the image of the school and the image of the teachers that got them into trouble. In conclusion, they were hated because they were doing something different, andto the Nazi’s, this was wrong.The last home of the Bauhaus was Berlin, which was said to be an extremely depressing place to work. It had moved into a factory,

and ultimately the idealism of the Bauhaus had died, so the masters of the Bauhaus decided to close it down. On the 11th April 1933, the police arrived with trucks, closed the building down and also took some of the students away. By this time Nazi’s ruled the country, and sadly the Bauhaus that had been born along with the Weimar republic, also died with its extinction. Its 14 year life had mirrored exactly that of Germany itself.The Bauhaus may have died in Germany, but the spirit of theBauhaus and modernism never did. Students and teachers spread out across the free world, and brought their ideas, beliefs and convictions with them. Some of the deepest roots were taken in America, more specifically Chicago, which became the proving ground for the industrial world. Bauhaus was believed to be the definitive face of the 20th Century in terms of architecture and design, and also a clear vision of the future.

Masthead DesignA mast head is in essence the logo of your magazine, it is generally the first thing that people will look at to identify your magazine, so it has to be eye catching. Usually it is located at the top of the cover of a magazine, and it needs to tell the reader what your magazine is about. The font needs to be legible, sometimes simple is better.The first masthead I have looked at is a Digital CreativeArts magazine (photoshop edition). I am in two minds about this masthead. I believe that it suits its purpose in

the sense of being eye catching. However I don’t find the actualy design of the word ‘Photoshop’ is very interesting. I looks like a conventional helvetica font which has had minimal editing. I don’t like how stark the photoshop title is.The next masthead that I looked at was the Digital CreativeArts masthead (normal edition) which is one of my favourites of these mastheads This is think is because it is a little bit different to the generic mastead (like the digital arts and digital artsits

masheads). I think the way the text overlaps each other is quite unique. The other masthead that I really like it the Computer arts projects masthead. Firstly I think the colours really compliment each other, the grey, white and purple go really well together. Secondly I like the fact that the mast head is set in a box rather than being stark text on it’s own. I think this makes the masthead stand out amongst other magazines. These are all magazines that I have bought, so each of them have caught my eye on the shelf.

These are mastheads that I have found via internet research. I looked at popular mastheads that you will see on most supermarket shelves, as well as some of the more obscure ones.Most of these are very simple, for example the graphis and vogue mast heads. They use one font, and to an everyday person, look like someone has just picked a font and put it at the top of the page. However as designers we know that it will have taken a long time to have chosen the font, made any changes to the letter-forms, adjusted the leading and kerning etc. in order to get this masthead. They definitely grab your attention. The more obscure mastheads such as eye magazine, and idea are quite eye catching and interesting. I think this is because they are different to the everyday mast heads that you see.

Masthead Design

These are some rough ideas and developments that I have been working on to create a masthead. After looking at my research into mastheads, I established that I needed something simple, yet striking. These basic ideas are revolving around the placement of letter-forms and words, rather

than looking at specific fonts at the moment. To the left are the rough sketches of mastheads that I wanted to try out, and to the right are the results of those tests. I think the bottom masthead works best, along with the masthead enclosed in the rectangle.

Front Cover Design

Some examples of magazine front covers, taken from all sorts of magazines rather than just art and design based ones. I found these examples to be great inspiration for creating my own front covers, and like how different they all are.

The above computer arts magazines magazines were the inspiration for the front cover design that I created (right). I wanted to create something that had the simplicity of modern design, whilst also encompassing postmodernism. I think using simple geometric shapes (reflecting modernism) to make a more complex pattern was a good way of doing this. I also decided to test out different mast heads whilst creating front covers, as I found this easier than just focusing on the masthead itself.

The above magazine cover designs are some of the inspiration I used to create this second front cover design for the New Graphic Design magazine (right). I liked the stark and simple nature of these magazines. This led me to using a grid to create the magazine cover, however I chose to keep the grid as part of the design, this I think also encompasses the slogan of the issue ‘Form Follows Function’.

Again, above was some of the inspiration for the design on the right, looking at using geometric shapes to emphasize modernism.

Inspired to make something that represented both modernism and post-modernism, I took to making these front covers, inspired by some of the images you see on the previous page. I decided to use and image of times square that I took as well as the blue and pink front cover I had previously made to make this front cover. I wanted the madness and disfunctionality of postmodernism to flow through the background, whilst still keeping the cleaness of modernism in the design of the cover. There were a lot of versions of the front cover but these I feel are the best two. Personally I prefer the one on the right, so I think this may end up being my actual front cover.

These are examples of the masthead development that I have been working on. I decided that the circlular masthead fell into the background of the front cover too much. So I wanted something that would stand out, so that everyone knew that it was a graphic design based magazine. I started by trying to make the circular mastead a little bit more obvious, which I think I did successfully, but I wanted a few more options before I made a decision on the final masthead. I started to develop the idea of overlapping the three letters NGD (New Graphic Design). I had them going down at an angle to start with, and when I got it looking the way I wanted I started to test out different clours. Personally I like the black filled with blue outline and the balck fill with white outline best. I then started experiementing with horizontal overlapping of the letters, however i don’t think that these look as good as the other mastheads. I have not yet decided what masthead I will use, I think I will get some more opinions on the matter before I make a final decision.

Layout Design

These are some examples of layout designs that I thought worked really well and would like to base some of my designs on. I researched a lot of these by using the Behance portfolio website which led me to many different designers and their work.

These are some roughs that I made before making some of my layout designs. I decided on some of my content and established that I wanted to have a few pages devoted to Bauhaus, Helvetica and Swiss Design, and also have a comparison of Modernism and Post-Modernism. I took aspects from a lot of the research I did, but decided that I really liked the modernist way of designing. I think that the white space they use make things simple yet effective, so I have aimed to make my design have the same effect. On the helvetica pages and the Bauhaus pages I will probably use a modernist style of design, however I think on the pages devoted to Post-Modernism I will aim to design them with the subject matter in mind, and attempt to make it more ‘Post-Modern’.

My Layout DesignsThis is a layout for my article based around my manifesto. I think there are definitely some good aspects to this layout, with the position of the bulk text and the picture position also. However I think it needs a little bit more altering with the title in order to fit in with the theme that I am aiming for throughout my magazine. I will be editing this again to find a better option for this layout.

Having a manifesto is an important part of design and practice. I spent a lot of time thinking about what values in life were really important to me, and then tried to apply this to my design. After studying the Claes Olson manifesto ‘I am for art that’, I decided I would adapt this idea into three posters, and title it ‘I am for design that’.To start with I took three important phrases to me, one of which was ‘Semper Excellentium Pentimus’. This is the Latin phrase for ‘Strive for excellence’, my high school motto which I took with me when I left, as I believe it is an inspiring notion to live by. The second was ‘learn from your mistakes’, I’m a great believer that we make mistakes in order to learn a lesson. This applies to design massively, as when you

in the design process and are pulled up on it, you usually don’t make the same mistake twice! Lastly, I used the phrase ‘Never be without music’. This is because no matter where I am or what I’m doing, I’m usually listening to music, especially when I’m designing. After establishing the three phrases I wanted to use I moved onto the design. I wanted to make a typographic solution for these posters. After many different tests and trials I finally settled on the design you see here. After much deliberation however, I decided this didn’t make for an effective enough manifesto. I already had a written manifesto which equated to one A4 page, so I decided I needed to combine the two.I spent a lot of time writing ideas down and sketching out potential layouts. Whilst I was

doing this I was listening to a piece of music called ‘Being Good Isn’t Good Enough’ by Barbra Streisand. It was at this point I knew what I was going to do. I decided I would create a booklet with my written manifesto inside, and have a postcard sized poster for each point of my manifesto (much like the poster I had made). I thought it was only right to call my manifesto ‘Being Good Isn’t Good Enough’ – Manifesto of Life and Practice. I wanted to keep to the design that I had already made in the form of the posters, so I started by making the six postcards that would accompany the manifesto. Again after a lot of tests and trials I finally found a design that I liked, I kept the idea of the white circle with text inside, and at the bottom placed the text ‘Being Good

I moved onto the front cover and inside pages, which turned out to be a lot easier now that I had a solid design idea. I printed the manifesto onto card and constructed the box to keep the postcards inside. I was really happy with the way it had turned out. On the next few pages you can see the finished designs and photos of the printed version.

DESIGN MANIFESTO.I AM FOR DESIGN THAT

MATTERS.

I think that this layout definitely looks better than the previous one. I think it is because I simplified it down as much as possible, and the helvetica title font looks a lot more effective than the circle that I had previously used. This will be one of the final layouts that I use for my magazine.

This was an exper iment with a Bauhaus page, however I don’t think that this is a well spaced out layout, so I don’t think that I will be using this in my final magazine.

This layout was made as a title page for the modernism vs postmodernism pages. I really like this layout because it encompasses both modernism and postmodernism as a layout. I think I will definitely be using this in my final magazine.

This is a layout I was looking to use as an explanation of the Swiss’s contribution to graphic design in the form of Helvetica. I like the layout and might use it in the final design if it goes with the theme of the rest of the magazine.

This was another attempt at a Bauhaus layout . I think I was affective in trying to recreate the feel of Bauhaus, but it didn’t turn out as clean as I wanted it to. The picture on the left took a considerable amount of time to make, and I think if I wanted to make the graphic look cleaner I would have to remake the whole thing which would take a long time. So I think I will find another way to get my Bauhaus research into a layout.

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTIONThe basic principle of Form Follows Function is that in order to design something successfully, you must first understand and cater for its function.The phrase is said to have been coined by Louis Sullivan who was a famous architect in the modern period. He was said to be the ‘Father of Modernism’. A lot of his design was based in Chicago revolving around skyscrapers. Lousis Sullivan was a mentor to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who has design some incredible buildings such as the New York Guggenheim and the ‘Falling Water’ building (bottom left). Frank Lloyd Wright once

BAUHAUSThe Bauhaus was the focal point of many Avant Guard ideas, it is said that there was simply no other school like it at the time. The school changed everything in terms of art and design, it brought disciplines together and broke

said that ‘Form follows function that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.’. He would never design anything without first meeting the people he was designing it for. Overall, form follows function is a phrase coined and adhered to by the Modernists, and was a big part of design in all fields.

the separations between them.Bauhaus was born out of the catastrophe that was War The Bauhaus was started by Walter Gropius, who himself served in the army, he longed for a world where the machine was tame, rather than a weapon of destruction. The Bauhaus was originally founded in Weimar, it was less troubled by riots at the time, as well as being said to be

the cultural heart of the nation.The Bauhaus was where the idea of workshop based learning originated, this is the way that many designers learn today. Gropius decided that there needed to be a greater link between the machine and the artist this meant that he was going to encourage people to learn not only about their art, but how to craft it as well. Crafts such as binding, pottery, stained glass, fabrics and furniture were all learnt by doing. All of these crafts were to be taught by a master craftsmen, whilst all of the aesthetics features were taught by artists.

There was a sense of artistic vitality there, there was absolutely no lack of personality within the walls of the school.One of the main aims of the Bauhaus was to bring a new way of thinking to artists, a constructive way of thinking. They were to do away with the separations between design, architecture, painting, sculpture etc., and were to make them one. This was the first time that the emphasis was on individual students, and it was also the first time that design had been taught in a coherent way, within an art context. This is what invented the Modern art student, and attracted particular types of politically radical people. It was described by a previous student as ‘Incredibly Free’.

After my attempts at Bauhaus specific layouts, I decided I would make a Modernism specific layout instead that encompassed Bauhaus. This was my first attemp using a picture of the Bauhaus school as the background. I think this was quite successful, I wouldn’t say it is a bad layout, but I think that I can still do better, So I will be making some more versions of this page until I am completely happy.

MODERNISM

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTIONThe basic principle of Form Follows Function is that in order to design something successfully, you must first understand and cater for its function.The phrase is said to have been coined by Louis Sullivan who was a famous architect in the modern period. He was said to be the ‘Father of Modernism’. A lot of his design was based in Chicago revolving

BAUHAUSThe Bauhaus was the focal point of many Avant Guard ideas, it is said that there was simply no other school like it at the time. The school changed everything in terms of art and design, it brought disciplines together and broke the separations between them.Bauhaus was born out of the catastrophe that was War The Bauhaus was started by Walter Gropius, who himself

the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who has design some incredible buildings such as the New York Guggenheim and the ‘Falling Water’ building (bottom left). Frank Lloyd Wright once said that ‘Form follows function that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.’. He would never design anything without first meeting the people he was designing it for.

The phrase also demands that you place the practical needs of the design over the aesthetics in order to create a successful piece of design. This doesn’t mean the design is ugly, but more functional.This was evident in all fields of design, not just architecture, Bauhaus is an example of this. Overall, form follows function is a phrase coined and adhered to by the

world where the machine was tame, rather than a weapon of destruction. The Bauhaus was originally founded in Weimar, it was less troubled by riots at the time, as well as being said to be the cultural heart of the nation.The Bauhaus was where the idea of workshop based learning originated, this is the way that many designers learn today. Gropius decided that there needed to be a greater link between the machine

and the artist this meant that he was going to encourage people to learn not only about their art, but how to craft it as well. Crafts such as binding, pottery, and furniture were all learntby doing. All of these crafts were to be taught by a master craftsmen, whilst all of the aesthetics features were taught by artists. There was a sense of artistic vitality there, there was absolutely no lack of personality within the walls of the school.

This was my second attempt at the Modernism layout. I think this is definitely more along the lines of what I wanted to create. However I think i would like to try some different coloured versions to see what it looks like in red and black.

MODERNISM

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTIONThe basic principle of Form Follows Function is that in order to design something successfully, you must first understand and cater for its function.The phrase is said to have been coined by Louis Sullivan who was a famous architect in the modern period. He was said to be the ‘Father of Modernism’. A lot of his design was based in Chicago

BAUHAUSThe Bauhaus was the focal point of many Avant Guard ideas, it is said that there was simply no other school like it at the time. The school changed everything in terms of art and design, it brought disciplines together and broke the separations between them.Bauhaus was born out of the catastrophe that was War The Bauhaus was started by Walter Gropius, who himself

the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who has design some incredible buildings such as the New York Guggenheim and the ‘Falling Water’ building (bottom left). Frank Lloyd Wright once said that ‘Form follows function that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.’. He would never design anything without first meeting the

The phrase also demands that you place the practical needs of the design over the aesthetics in order to create a successful piece of design. This doesn’t mean the design is ugly, but more functional.This was evident in all fields of design, not just architecture, Bauhaus is an example of this. Overall, form follows function is a phrase coined and adhered to by the Modernists, and was a

world where the machine was tame, rather than a weapon of destruction. The Bauhaus was originally founded in Weimar, it was less troubled by riots at the time, as well as being said to be the cultural heart of the nation.The Bauhaus was where the idea of workshop based learning originated, this is the way that many designers learn today. Gropius decided that there needed to be a

and the artist this meant that he was going to encourage people to learn not only about their art, but how to craft it as well. Crafts such as binding, pottery, and furniture were all learntby doing. All of these crafts were to be taught by a master craftsmen, whilst all of the aesthetics features were taught by artists. There was a sense of artistic vitality there, there was absolutely no lack of personality within the walls of the school.

I think that the page definitely looks better in red and black. However I think that the page can still be simplified a little bit more, so I will try that on another layout.

MODERNISM

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTIONThe basic principle of Form Follows Function is that in order to design something successfully, you must first understand and cater for its function.The phrase is said to have been coined by Louis Sullivan who was a famous architect in the modern period. He was said to be the ‘Father of Modernism’. A lot of his design was based in Chicago revolving around skyscrapers. Lousis Sullivan was a mentor to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who has design some incredible buildings such as the New York Guggenheim and the ‘Falling Water’ building (bottom left). Frank Lloyd Wright once said that ‘Form follows function that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.’. He would never design anything without first meeting the people he was designing it for.

Overall, form follows function is a phrase coined and adhered to by the Modernists, and was a big part of design in all fields.

BAUHAUS

The Bauhaus was the focal point of many Avant Guard ideas, it is said that there was simply no other school like it at the time. The school changed everything in terms of art and design, it brought disciplines together and broke the separations between them.Bauhaus was born out of the catastrophe that was War The Bauhaus was started by Walter Gropius, who himself served in the army, he longed for a world where the machine was tame, rather than a weapon of destruction. The Bauhaus was originally founded in Weimar, it was less troubled by riots at the time, as well as being said to be the cultural heart of the nation.The Bauhaus was where the idea of workshop based learning originated, this is the way that many designers learn today. Gropius decided that there needed to be a greater link between the machine and the artist this meant that he was going to encourage people to learn not only about their art, but how to craft it as well. Crafts such as binding, pottery, stained glass, fabrics and furniture were all learnt

by doing. All of these crafts were to be taught by a master craftsmen, whilst all of the aesthetics features were taught by artists. There was a sense of artistic vitality there, there was absolutely no lack of personality within the walls of the school.One of the main aims of the Bauhaus was to bring a new way of thinking to artists, a constructive way of thinking. They were to do away with the separations between design, architecture, painting, sculpture etc., and were to make them one. Paul Clay (who was a keen violinist as well as artist) and Kandinsky were both a vital part of the Bauhaus. Kandinsky was in charge of the foundation course, teaching about geometric shapes within art, colour theory and materials. This was the first time that the emphasis was on individual students, and it was also the first time that design had been taught in a coherent way, within an art context. This is what invented the Modern art student, and attracted particular types of politically radical people. It was described by a previous student as ‘Incredibly Free’.

This was my final try to make the modernism page look how I wanted it to, until it was suggested to me that I try to make the page less Bauhaus and make it a little bit more modernist. I think to do this I have to simplify the page even further.

MO

DER

N

ISM

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION

The basic principle of Form Follows Function is that in order to design something successfully, you must first understand and cater for its function.The phrase is said to have been coined by Louis Sullivan who was a famous architect in the modern period. He was said to be the ‘Father of Modernism’. A lot of his design was based in Chicago revolving around skyscrapers. Lousis Sullivan was a mentor to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who has design some incredible

Guggenheim and the ‘Falling Water’ building (bottom left). Frank Lloyd Wright once said that ‘Form follows function that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.’. He would never design anything without first meeting the people he was designing it for.

BAUHAUS



I think this is definitely how I wanted the modernism page to look, and now looks a lot more minimala nd modernist. I am now only left to decide whether the main body of text looks best in white or red.

MO

DER

N

ISM

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION

The basic principle of Form Follows Function is that in order to design something successfully, you must first understand and cater for its function.The phrase is said to have been coined by Louis Sullivan who was a famous architect in the modern period. He was said to be the ‘Father of Modernism’. A lot of his design was based in Chicago revolving around skyscrapers. Lousis Sullivan was a mentor to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who has design some incredible

Guggenheim and the ‘Falling Water’ building (bottom left). Frank Lloyd Wright once said that ‘Form follows function that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.’. He would never design anything without first meeting the people he was designing it for.

BAUHAUS



I think that the red text stands out better on this page and overall makes the layout more attractive, so I think this will be a final page in my magazine.

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This layout is to go with my modernism vs post modernism pages. This is meant to be an overview of postmodernism. My aim with this page was to keep it in the same theme as the previous pages, however keep a postmodern aspect to it so that it fits the theme of the page. I think this was successful, as it still looks messy in a way modernism wouldn’t be, but sticks with the theme of colours and fonts that the previous pages have.

This page was something that I made to go with the theme of my manifesto. The idea of ‘Don’t be average’ is definite affiliated with my manifesto’s quote of ‘Being Good Isn’t Good Enough’.

Graphic Design BA (Hons)University of Huddersfield

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