LTE TRAINING BY

CYBERSPACE DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL

OUTLINE

• Familiarization with the LTE Technology:

- Features

- Benefits of LTE and Types of LTE Deployment.

- LTE UE

• RF Parameters and Significance

• RAN Elements, Functions and Connections

• Basic Troubleshooting of RAN

• Common Alarms and How they are cleared

• Some Troubleshooting Commands

FEATURES OF LTE

Higher spectrum efficiency drives cost-per-bit reduction.

LTE has higher spectrum efficiency than all the past data network, hence lower operation cost per bit. More bits are transmitted and received at a lower cost.

1. COST REDUCTION

FEATURES OF LTE

Applications now have a very sky-high demand for high speed and low latency. Such as Mobile-TV, Online gaming, VoIP, Video-on-demand, See-you-see-me

2. NEXT GENERATION APPS

FEATURES OF LTE

LTE has fewer network components and migration path is easier and cost effective.

3. SIMPLIFIED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

FEATURES OF LTE

LTE can run on wide range of bandwidth depending on the one that fits the operator technological and business model. The bandwidth; 1.25MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz and 20MHz.

4. SCALABLE BANDWIDTH

FEATURES OF LTE

With LTE, you can have uninterrupted connection moving at high speed of about

350Km/h, this is not possible with other technology.

5. MOBILITY AT HIGH SPEED

FEATURES OF LTE

LTE supports roaming with the 3GGP mobile networks. However, these services

are not easy to achieve some other technology like WiMAX.

5. ROAMING

WHY LTE?

LTE needs lower power consumption than other telecommunication multiple

access technology. One of the reasons of this is the use of SC-FDMA modulation

in uplink channels.

6. ENERGY EFFICIENCY

CYBERSPACE LTE

• Cyberspace LTE network run on TDD Technology. TDD is Time Division Domain.

Which means that both downlink and uplink use the same frequency.

• FDD is Frequency Division Domain which means the downlink and uplink use

different frequency

1. TDD OR FDD

CYBERSPACE LTE

• Cyberspace LTE network covers only Lagos (100 eNodeB’s) and Abuja (50

eNodeB’s out of which 35 is on-air).

ABUJA COVERAGE AT A GLANCE (ON-AIR SITES)

CYBERSPACE LTE

ABUJA COVERAGE (ON-AIR SITES)

Bwari, Kugbe and Maitama are under-construction.

CYBERSPACE LTE

• Cyberspace LTE network run on NCC Licensed band 42 and frequency 3465

– 3485MHz.

• Our bandwidth is 20MHz. The largest bandwidth for deployment of LTE. LTE

Advance can do more than 20MHz but the technology is till under-construction.

3. FREQUENCY BAND AND BANDWIDTH

CYBERSPACE LTE

• Cyberspace currently has three types of devices, MiFi, Indoor terminal and

outdoor terminal.

• The modems have two parts inside by design;

• A. the LTE WAN – connects to the LTE network and gets public IP address.

• B. the WiFi – connects devices together in WLAN and assigns a local IP via its

inbuilt DHCP.

4. TERMINALS (UE)

LTE UE CLASSES

UE classes are as presented below;

• It should be noted that UE classes are constantly being developed and more classes are now

specified by 3GPP (up to class 10), but the five classes are physically available in the market.

• Higher classes of LTE UE have improvement on the capability to do 64QAM on the UL and

higher order of MIMO transmission.

CYBERSPACE LTE

• The Huawei MiFi (Model E5776s-420) can support 10 connected WiFi Users

• It has in-built battery that can last over 3 hours in active use and more when idle.

• The battery is rechargeable via its USB port on a computer or its adapter.

• It very portable and can be carried about.

• It is class-4 LTE UE device with 2X2 MIMO transmission system.

• Default log-in details;

• User Account :user Password: menauser

• Admin account: admin Password: menatelecom124

• Basic settings on the MiFi;

- WLAN: Change WiFi SSID; Change WiFi Password

- Automatic Connect; Enable Roaming; Select 4G Only.

4. TERMINALS – MIFI

CYBERSPACE LTE

• The Huawei Indoor CPE (Model B5142 ) can support 30 connected WiFi Users

• It is currently used for internet deployment for clients.

• It has a better gain than MiFi, but not as much as outdoor. It also has 2 RJ-45 ports

for LAN connections.

• It is class-4 LTE UE device with 2X2 MIMO transmission system.

• Default log-in details;

Admin account: admin Password: LTEcpe

4. TERMINALS – INDOOR TERMINAL

CYBERSPACE LTE

• The Huawei Outdoor (Model B2268 H/S) can support 15 connected WiFi Users per SSID. 2

SSID’s can be configured.

• It has two RJ-45 ports for LAN connections.

• It can do L2TP for layer-2 trunking function. It is currently used by enterprise clients. It has

more gains and can work at far distances from the eNodeB.

• It is class-4 LTE UE device with 2X2 MIMO transmission system.

• Default log-in details;

Admin account: admin Password: LTEcpe

4. TERMINALS – OUTDOOR TERMINAL

BASIC RF PARAMETER

Basic RF Parameters to measure and RF conditions are as below;

RSRP (dBm) RSRQ (dB) SINR (dB)

>=-80 >=-10 >=-20

-80 to -90 -10 to -15 13 to 20

<= -100 <= -20 <= 0

RF

Co

nd

itio

ns

SIGNALLING TRACE - HANDS-ON CLASS

• Hands-on Training will show how to trace and ping to check connectivity with

other NE (Network Elements)

• The trace will include;

1. DL RSRP/RSRQ

2. Quality of Channel

3. Throughput Monitoring

LTE RAN

RRU 3232

At a typical site, we have the

following equipment;

1. RF Antenna

2.RRU

3. BBU

4. RTN

5.ODU

6.DCDU

Let’s discuss each of them in

details.

RF Antenna

RF ANTENNA

• The RF antenna is the ALD (Antenna Line Device)

that provides RF coverage for subscribers.

• RF antennas are characterised by;

- Frequency Range

- Beam formation pattern

- VSWR

- Gain

- It is connected to the RRU with four coaxial jumper cable.

On Cyberspace Network, we use Shenglu Antenna.

COAXIAL JUMPER CABLE

• It is a copper medium.

• Carrier RF signal in form electrical wave

to the RF Antenna.

• It must be air-tight and water-proven

at the connectors.

• Impedance mismatch caused by

(bad connector, water in connector or

broken cable) can cause abnormal RSSI.

RRU – REMOTE RADIO UNIT

• RRU the Remote Radio Unit is a radio

• RRU is the device that does channel processing

(modulation, demodulation, interleaving etc)

• It is generally installed in towers and are controlled

by BBU (controller) placed inside a closed shelter

on the ground nearby the tower.

• The RRU and the controller forms the BTS (Base Transceiver)

Station that is widely used in cellular communication.

• The connection between the RRU and BBU is generally

optical and runs a protocol called

CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface).

• It has a redundant CPRI port peradventure one fails (CPRI0, CPRI1)

• Cyberspace uses RRU 3232.

CPRI – COMMON PUBLIC RADIO INTERFACE

• It is an optical interface. It is usually protected to be able to

withstand physical and environmental pressure.

• It is a 3GPP Interface and it is a standard protocol, not propriety.

This implies that you should be able to use Ericsson’s RRU with Huawei BBU.

• There compactible (of same technical specifications) SFP’s at both ends of the

connection.

• The SFP’s are characterised by;

- Wavelength

- Transmission Mode (Single Mode/Multi Mode)

- Speed

• The fibre connectors are LC-LC.

BASEBAND UNIT (BBU)

• BBU is a unit that processes baseband signal.

• It is characterised by;

- Frequency range

- Processing Capability (How many users it can serve)

- Power Rating and DC/AC

• It connects to RRU via its LBBP board through CPRI port.

• It connects to the rest of the network via UMPT board.

• The UMPT board has both Fibre and RJ-45 ports.

RTN AND ODU

• They both provided transmission to the sites; they connect the site

to the rest of the network.

DCDU – DIRECT CURRENT DISTRIBUTION UNIT

• Provides DC power for every equipment on the rack.

COMMON ALARMS AND HOW THEY ARE CLEARED

• Common Alarms and How they are cleared

- Cell Unavailable Alarm

- GPS Alarm

- UEIU Board Alarm

- LBBP Board Alarm

- VSWR Over Threshold Alarm

I WILL SEND MORE DOCUMENTS TO YOU FOR MORE STUDIES IF YOU DON’T MIND!

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