LTD Consolidated Case Digests

7/25/2019 LTD Consolidated Case Digests

1/122

LTD

Case Digests2015-2016

FEU JD Block JD4202


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1 Cruz vs Sec of the DENR 347 SCRA 12812/6/2000 Aguilr! Chrles "ito R#

FACTS:

Petitioners Is!ni Cr"# n$ Cesr E"ro% &le$ s"it 'or %ro(i)ition n$ *n$*"ss citi#ens n$ t+%,ers ssilin! t(e constit"tionlit, o' certin %ro.isions o'/e%")lic Act o 31 ot(erise knon s t(e In$i!eno"s Peo%les /i!(ts Act o'177 8IP/A9 n$ its i*%le*entin! r"les n$ re!"ltions 8I//9 T(e %etitioners ssilcertin %ro.isions o' t(e IP/A n$ its I// on t(e !ro"n$ t(t t(ese *o"nt to n"nl'"l $e%ri.tion o' t(e Sttes oners(i% o.er ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in sell s *inerls n$ ot(er nt"rl reso"rces t(erein in .ioltion o' t(e /e!linDoctrine e*)o$ie$ in section 2 Article II o' t(e Constit"tion

ISSUE:

;(et(er t(e %ro.isions o' IP/A contr.ene t(e Constit"tion:

o t(e %ro.isions o' IP/A $o not contr.ene t(e Constit"tion E+*inin! t(e IP/At(ere is not(in! in t(e l t(t !rnts to t(e In$i!eno"s C"lt"rl Co**"nities8ICC9?In$i!eno"s Peo%les 8IP9 oners(i% o.er t(e nt"rl reso"rces it(in t(eirncestrl $o*in @ners(i% o.er t(e nt"rl reso"rces in t(e ncestrl $o*insre*ins it( t(e Stte n$ t(e ri!(ts !rnte$ ), t(e IP/A to t(e ICCs?IPs o.er t(ent"rl reso"rces in t(eir ncestrl $o*ins *erel, !i.es t(e* s oners n$occ"%nts o' t(e ln$ on (ic( t(e reso"rces re 'o"n$ t(e ri!(t to t(e s*ll scle"tili#tion o' t(ese reso"rces n$ t t(e s*e ti*e %riorit, in t(eir lr!e scle

$e.elo%*ent n$ e+%loittionA$$itionll, ncestrl ln$s n$ ncestrl $o*ins re not %rt o' t(e ln$s o' t(e%")lic $o*in T(e, re %ri.te ln$s n$ )elon! to t(e ICCs?IPs ), nti.e title(ic( is conce%t o' %ri.te ln$ title t(t e+iste$ irres%ecti.e o' n, ro,l !rnt'ro* t(e Stte oe.er t(e ri!(t o' oners(i% n$ %ossession ), t(e ICCs?IPs o't(eir ncestrl $o*ins is li*ite$ 'or* o' oners(i% n$ $oes not incl"$e t(e ri!(tto liente t(e s*e

2 Sec of DENR vs $% &68 SCRA 164 10/8/2008

Aguilr! Chrles "ito R#

FACTS:T(is %etition is 'or re.ie on certiorri o' t(e $ecision o' t(e Co"rt o' A%%els 8CA9r*in! t(t o' t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt 8/TC9 in li)o Akln (ic( !rnte$ t(e%etition 'or $eclrtor, relie' &le$ ), res%on$ents-cli*nts ,or Jose % et ln$ or$ere$ t(e s"r.e, o' Borc, 'or titlin! %"r%oses

@n o. 10 17 Presi$ent rcos iss"e$ Procl*tion o 101 $eclrin! Borc,Isln$ s to"rist #one n$ *rine reser.e Cli*in! t(t Proc o 101 %recl"$e$


3/122

t(e* 'ro* &lin! n %%liction 'or "$icil con&r*tion o' i*%er'ect title or s"r.e,o' ln$ 'or titlin! %"r%oses res%on$ents-cli*nts &le$ %etition 'or $eclrtor,relie' it( t(e /TC in li)o Akln

T(e /e%")lic t(ro"!( t(e @ce o' t(e Solicitor >enerl 8@S>9 o%%ose$ t(e %etitionco"nterin! t(t Borc, Isln$ s n "nclssi&e$ ln$ o' t(e %")lic $o*in It

'or*e$ %rt o' t(e *ss o' ln$s clssi&e$ s G%")lic 'orestH (ic( s not.il)le 'or $is%osition %"rs"nt to section 389 o' PD o 05 or t(e /e.ise$Forestr, Co$e

ISSUE:

;(et(er "nclssi&e$ ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in re "to*ticll, $ee*e$!ric"lt"rl ln$ t(ere'ore *kin! t(ese ln$s lien)le

/U=I>:

o To %ro.e t(t t(e ln$ s")ect o' n %%liction 'or re!istrtion is lien)le t(e%%licnt *"st est)lis( t(e e+istence o' %ositi.e ct o' t(e !o.ern*ent s"c( s

%resi$entil %rocl*tion or n e+ec"ti.e or$er n $*inistrti.e ctionin.esti!ti.e re%orts o' t(e B"re" o' =n$s in.esti!tors n$ le!islti.e ct orstt"te

A %ositi.e ct $eclrin! ln$ s lien)le n$ $is%os)le is re"ire$ In kee%in! it(t(e %res"*%tion o' stte oners(i% t(e Co"rt (s ti*e n$ !in e*%(si#e$ t(tt(ere *"st )e %ositi.e ct o' t(e !o.ern*ent s"c( s n ocil %rocl*tion$eclssi',in! inlien)le %")lic ln$ into $is%os)le ln$ 'or !ric"lt"rl or ot(er%"r%oses

T(e /e!lin Doctrine $icttes t(t ll ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in )elon! to t(eStte t(t t(e Stte is t(e so"rce o' n, sserte$ ri!(t to oners(i% o' ln$ n$

c(r!e$ it( t(e conser.tion o' s"c( %tri*on,

All ln$s not ot(erise %%erin! to )e clerl, it(in %ri.te oners(i% re%res"*e$ to )elon! to t(e Stte T("s ll ln$s t(t (.e not )een c"ire$ 'ro*t(e !o.ern*ent eit(er ), %"rc(se or ), !rnt )elon! to t(e Stte s %rt o' t(einlien)le %")lic $o*in

3 Re%u'lic vs (o 40& SCRA 2)1 Aguilr!Chrles "ito R#

FACTS:

=o &le$ )e'ore t(e /TC o' T!,t, Cit, %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' %rcel o'ln$ S(e lle!e$l, c"ire$ t(e ln$ ), %"rc(se 'ro* t(e si)lin!s /,*"n$oo!"er n$ ictori len#"el (o in(erite$ it 'ro* >eneros e$in T(eltter in t"rn in(erite$ t(e ln$ 'ro* (er 't(er Jose e$in (o c"ire$ t(es*e 'ro* E$il)erto Peri$o ), trns'er S(e %r,e$ t(t t(e ln$ )e re!istere$ in(er n*e "n$er Co**onelt( Act 141 8P")lic =n$ Act9 )se$ on (er n$ (er%re$ecessor-in-interests o%en %")lic ct"l contin"o"s e+cl"si.e notorio"s n$$.erse %ossession n$ occ"%nc, "n$er )on &$e cli* o' oners(i% 'or *ore


4/122

t(n t(irt, 8309 ,ers S(e %resente$ itnesses n$ e.i$ence constit"tin! o' $ee$o' sle s"r.e, %ln t(e tec(nicl $escri%tion o' %ro%ert, n$ t+ $eclrtions in (ern$ (er %re$ecessors n*es T(e co"rt %%ro.e$ t(e %%liction T(e %etitionerre%resente$ ), t(e Solicitor >enerl %%ele$ t(e $ecision )e'ore t(e CA (ic( re-r*e$ t(e loer co"rt $ecision (ence t(is %etition 'or re.ie )e'ore t(e SC T(e

%etitioner conten$s t(t t(ere is no s"cient e.i$ence to rrnt t(e iss"nce o't(e title to t(e res%on$ent s s(e 'ils to co*%l, it( t(e re"ire$ %erio$s n$ ctso' %ossession *n$te$ ), l n$ (er 'il"re to %ro.e t(t t(e ln$ is lien)len$ $is%os)le ln$ o' t(e %")lic $o*in

ISSUE:

;(et(er t(e res%on$ent s"cientl, co*%lie$ it( t(e re"ire$ %erio$ n$ cts o'%ossessiono.ern*ent o' e!ros@cci$entl t("s in$ictin! ), necessr, i*%liction t(t =ot 3 ($ not )eene+%ro%rite$

8 Director of (,s vs S,tigo 160 SCRA 1864/1&/1)88 Ao,uevo! 5o,o,

FACTS:@n Se%t 173 n %%liction 'or ln$ re!istrtion s &le$ ), res%on$ent

>rci in t(e CFI o' Btn A co%, o' t(e %%liction s 'orr$e$ to t(e Sol>ent(r" t(e $irector o' =n$s @n Fe) 17 174 t(e Director o' ln$s &le$ n o%%ositionto t(is %%liction n$ t t(e s*e ti*e t(e Sol>en entere$ (is %%ernce n$"t(ori#e$ t(e Pro.incil Fiscl to %%er on (is )e(l' t t(e (erin! o' t(e s*eS")se"entl, res%on$ent IPE/IA= DEE=@PET C@/P it( t(e con'or*it, o't(e res%on$ent >rci &le$ otion to S")stit"te Prt, A%%licnt 'ro* ri>rci to I*%eril Cor% it(o"t *en$in! t(e )o"n$ries o' t(e re stte$ in t(eori!inl %%liction Si$ *otion s !rnte$ ), t(e res%on$ent J"$!e Snti!o

A notice o' initil (erin! s sent ), res%on$ent J"$!e to ll %rtiesconcerne$ it( t(e rnin! t(t %rt, (o 'ile$ to %%er o"l$ )e $eclre$ in$e'"lt T(e s*e notice s likeise %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil >#ette n$ %oste$), t(e s(eriL s re"ire$ ), l@n Jn 23 175 t(e $te o' t(e initil (erin!neit(er %etitioner nor (is co"nsel s %resentK n or$er o' !enerl $e'"lt siss"e$ ), t(e res%on$ent J"$!e on t(e s*e $te A'ter t(e rece%tion o' t(ee.i$ence 'or t(e %%licnt )e'ore t(e clerk o' co"rt t(e res%on$ent J"$!e ren$ere$t(e "estione$ $ecision n$ $"$icte$ t(e ln$s in '.or o' t(e res%on$entcor%ortion

T(ere'ter %etitioner &le$ otion 'or e Tril on t(e !ro"n$s t(t t(e'il"re o' (is co"nsel to %%er t t(e initil (erin! s e+c"s)le n$ t(t t(e

$ecision s contrr, to 'cts n$ to l T(e *otion s (oe.er $enie$

ISSUE?S

;@ res%on$ent J"$!e Snti!o erre$ in $ecreein! t(e 'olloin! or$ers n$$ecisions:

1 A$*ittin! t(e A*en$e$ A%%liction 'or /e!istrtion n$ $"$ictin! t(e %rcelso' ln$ in '.or o' res%on$ent cor%ortion


11/122

2 Declrin! t(e Director o' =n$s in $e'"lt

E=D?/ATI@:

T(e %etition is >rnte$ T(e S"%re*e Co"rt is not con.ince$ it( t(econcl"sion o' t(e res%on$ent J"$!e n$ it( t(e r!"*ents o' t(e res%on$ent

cor%ortion t(t t(e ltter t(ro"!( its %re$ecessors-in- interest (s )een in o%encontin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' !ric"lt"rl ln$so' t(e %")lic $o*in "n$er )on &$e cli* o' c"isition or oners(i% 'or tlest t(irt, ,ers

T(e %ertinent %ro.ision o' l (ic( sttes: GI' no %erson %%ers n$nsers it(in t(e ti*e lloe$ t(e co"rt *, t once "%on *otion o' t(e%%licnt no reson to t(e contrr, %%erin! or$er !enerl $e'"lt to )erecor$e$ NH cnnot )e inter%rete$ to *en t(t t(e co"rt cn "st $isre!r$ t(enser )e'ore it (ic( (s lon! )een &le$ 'or s"c( n inter%rettion o"l$ )enot(in! less t(n illo!icl "nrrnte$ n$ "n"st

Es%ecill, in t(is cse (ere t(e !reter %")lic interest is in.ol.e$ s t(eln$ so"!(t to )e re!istere$ is lle!e$ to )e %")lic ln$ t(e res%on$ent J"$!es(o"l$ (.e recei.e$ t(e %%licnts e.i$ence n$ set not(er $te 'or t(erece%tion o' t(e o%%ositors e.i$ence T(e o%%ositor in t(e Co"rt )elo n$%etitioner (erein s(o"l$ (.e )een ccor$e$ *%le o%%ort"nit, to est)lis( t(e!o.ern*ents cli* In .ie o' t(e )sic %res"*%tion t(t ln$s o' (te.erclssi&ction )elon! to t(e Stte co"rts *"st scr"tini#e it( cre %%lictions to%ri.te oners(i% o' rel estte

Section 4 %r!r%( ) o' t(e P")lic =n$ Act to it:

SEC 4 T(e 'olloin! $escri)e$ citi#ens o' t(e P(ili%%ines occ"%,in! ln$s

o' t(e %")lic $o*in or cli*in! to on n, s"c( ln$s or n interest t(erein )"t(ose titles (.e not )een %er'ecte$ or co*%lete$ *, %%l, to t(e Co"rt o' FirstInstnce o' t(e %ro.ince (ere t(e ln$ is locte$ 'or con&r*tion o' t(eir cli*sn$ t(e iss"nce o' certi&cte o' title t(ere'or "n$er t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act toit:N

8)9 T(ose (o ), t(e*sel.es or t(ro"!( t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e)een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o'!ric"lt"rl ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in "n$er )on &$e cli* o' c"isition oroners(i% 'or t lest t(irt, ,ers i**e$itel, %rece$in! t(e &lin! o' t(e%%liction 'or con&r*tion o' title e+ce%t (en %re.ente$ ), r or 'orce *e"re

T(ese s(ll )e concl"si.el, %res"*e$ to (.e %er'or*e$ ll t(e con$itions essentil

to >o.ern*ent !rnt n$ s(ll )e entitle$ to certi&cte o' title "n$er t(e%ro.isions o' t(is c(%ter

) *rrog vs Al',o 1&7 SCRA 131 1/20/1)86Ao,uevo! 5o,o,

FACTS:


12/122

CFI o' Ilocos orte $"$icte$ %rcel o' ln$ in '.o"r o' Del&n A"ino@ne o' t(e o%%ositors s /"%ert Psc"l (o s $eclre$ in $e'"lt For"nrecor$e$ resons t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion $i$ not iss"e e+ce%t "ntil 'ter l%seo' 14 ,ers or so 8@cto)er 14 17559 It s onl, 'ter 24 ,ers 8o.e*)er 11779 t(t @CT s iss"e$ in Del&n A"inos n*e

170 'ter t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion ($ )een (n$e$ $on )"t )e'ore t(etitle iss"e$ in Del&n A"inos '.o"r t(e c(il$ren n$ (eirs o' /"%erto Psc"l%%ellnts E"'e*i Brro! n$ St"rnin P$c )ro"!(t s"it !inst t(e c(il$renn$ (eirs o' Del&n A"ino %%ellees An!el Al)no et l

Brro! ($ )een in %ossession o' t(e ln$ since 1741 n$ rel oners t(ereo'%r,e$ t(t A"inos title )e cncelle$ n$ ne title )e *$e o"t in t(eir n*esA"inos title encroc(e$ "%on 4s* %ortion o' n $oinin! lot )elon!in! toCesr Cstro (o &le$ co*%lint in inter.ention

CFI $is*isse$ Brro!s n$ P$cs co*%lint n$ $eclre$ t(e inter.enorCstro t(e oner o' 4s* %ortion o.erl%%e$ ), A"inot(eir ction s )rre$ ),

%rior "$!e*ent /es $"$ict t(e "$!e*ent o' t(e c$strl co"rt s one!inst s%eci&c t(in! n$ t(ere'ore concl"si.e "%on t(e title o' t(e t(in! As%ossessor o' t(e lot in "estion t(e, co"l$ not )e eecte$ t(ere'ro* ), *ere rit o'%ossession

ISSUE?S:

;(et(er or not t(e, cn )e eecte$

E=D?/ATI@:

es T(e ;rit o' %ossession co"l$ %ro%erl, iss"e $es%ite t(e notinconsi$er)le %erio$ o' ti*e t(t ($ el%se$ 'ro* t(e $te o' t(e re!istrtion

$ecree since t(e ri!(t to t(e s*e $oes not %rescri)e T(e %%ellees *"st )e$eclre$ to )e entitle$ to t(e rit o.er t(e s")ect lot $es%ite t(e l%se o' *n,,ers t(eir ri!(ts t(ereto )ein! i*%rescri%ti)le in en'orce*ent o' t(e $ecree o're!istrtion n$ .in$iction o' t(e title iss"e$ in '.o"r o' t(e %re$ecessor-in-interest T(e rit *, )e correctl, en'orce$ !inst t(e %%ellnts T(e %%ellntsit *"st )e si$ (.e s"ccee$e$ in %rolon!in! t(e contro.ers, lon! eno"!( T(e,s(o"l$ not )e lloe$ to contin"e $oin! so

10 Re%u'lic vs l',, &87 SCRA 172

4/2)/200) *tul,! ervi,

Fcts:rio l)nn &le$ n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' (is ln$ sit"te$ in

Siln! C.ite it( t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt o' C.ite on Fe)r"r, 20 177 (ic((e %"rc(se$ 'ro* E$"r$o elsco e ssile$ t(t (is %re$ecessors-in-interestsere in n o%en notorio"s contin"o"s $.erse n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e ln$'or *ore t(n 30 ,ers l)nn lle!e$ t(t t(e s")ect %ro%ert, is n lien)len$ $is%os)le %tri*onil %ro%ert, o' t(e Stte s e.i$ence$ ), t(e certi&cteiss"e$ ), CE/@-DE/ (ence t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt !rnte$ t(e %etition T(e


13/122

@S> %%ele$ it( t(e CA lle!in! t(t t(e /TC erre$ in !rntin! t(e %etition &le$), l)nn )ec"se t(e %etitioner 'ile$ to %ro.e t(t t(e s")ect ln$ is %tri*onil %ro%ert, o' t(e Stte D"rin! t(e %en$enc, o' t(e cse it( t(e CAl)nn $ie$ (ence (is interest is re%resente$ ), (is (eirs

Iss"e:

In or$er t(t n lien)le n$ $is%os)le ln$ o' t(e %")lic $o*in *, )ere!istere$ "n$er Section 14819 o' Presi$entil Decree o 1527 ot(erise knon st(e Pro%ert, /e!istrtion Decree s(o"l$ t(e ln$ )e clssi&e$ s lien)le n$$is%os)le s o' J"ne 12 1745 or is it s"cient t(t s"c( clssi&ction occ"r t n,ti*e %rior to t(e &lin! o' t(e %%licnt 'or re!istrtion %ro.i$e$ t(t it is est)lis(e$t(t t(e %%licnt (s )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossessiono' t(e ln$ "n$er )on &$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 or erlierrci s %re.ente$ ), t(en*"nici%l %resi$ent o' =")o Beltrn 'ro* restorin! t(e $ikes on t(e constr"cte$%ro%ert, >rci &le$ cse to retrin Beltrn in (is ocil c%cit, 'ro* *olestin!(i* in %ossession o' t(e %rcel n$ %%lie$ 'or rit o' %reli*inr, in"nction T(erit s iss"e$ !inst t(e *"nici%l %resi$ent n$ s $eclre$ %er*nent ), t(eCo"rt n$ s r*e$ ), t(e S"%re*e Co"rt >rci %%lie$ 'or t(e re!istrtion o't(e ln$ in (is n*e n$ t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' P*%n! sittin! s ln$re!istrtion co"rt !rnte$ t(e re!istrtion P"rs"nt to t(is $ecision @CT s!rnte$ to >rci @ners(i% o' t(e %ro%ert, c(n!e$ (n$s "ntil e.ent"ll,c"ire$ ), rtine# ), .irt"e o' TCT To .oi$ n, "ntor$ inci$ent t(e$is%"tnts !ree$ to re'er t(e *tter to t(e Co**ittee on /i.ers n$ Stre*s(ic( %%ointe$ s")-co**ittee T(e s")-co**ittee s")*itte$ re%ort t(t t(e%rcel s not %")lic ri.er )"t %ri.te &s(%on$ on ), rtine# T(e co**itteeren$ere$ $ecision t(t rtine# s(o"l$ )e restore$ to t(e e+cl"si.e %ossession"se n$ eno,*ent o' t(e %rcel T(e *"nici%l ocil o' =")o re'"se$ toreco!ni#e t(e $ecision rtine# &le$ cse !inst t(e *,or %r,in! t(t t(eltter )e enoine$ 'ro* *olestin! t(e* in t(eir %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, n$ int(e constr"ction o' t(e $ikes t(erein ;(ile t(e cse s still %en$in! t(en Sec

oreno o' P")lic ;orks n$ Co**"nictions or$ere$ not(er in.esti!tion$irectin! rtine# to re*o.e t(e $ikes t(e, ($ constr"cte$ on t(e stren!t( o' t(e"t(orit, .este$ in (i* ), /A 2056 entitle$ GAn Act to Pro(i)it /e*o.e n$?orDe*olis( t(e Constr"ction o' D*s Dikes or An, @t(er ;lls in P")lic .i!)le;ters or ;ter,s n$ in Co**"nl Fis(in! >ro"n$s To /e!"lte ;orks in s"c(;ter or ;ter,s n$ in Co**"nl Fis(in! >ro"n$s n$ to Pro.i$e Penlties 'orits ioltion n$ 'or ot(er P"r%osesH T(e or$er e*)o$ie$ t(ret t(t t(e $ikeso"l$ )e $e*olis(e$ s(o"l$ t(e rtine# 'il to co*%l, in 30 $,s rtine# &le$


16/122

cse in t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' P*%n! (ic( r"le$ in (is '.or T(e loerco"rt $eclre$ t(t t(e $ecision ren$ere$ ), t(e Un$ersecretr, o' P")lic ;orks n$Co**"nictions n"ll n$ .oi$ T(e ocils o' t(e De%rt*ent o' P")lic ;orks n$Co**"nictions %%ele$ conten$in! t(t rtine# (.e no c"se o' ction)ec"se t(e %ro%ert, in $is%"te is %")lic ri.er T(e CA re.erse$ t(e r"lin! o' t(e

loer co"rt n$ $eclre$ %rcel co.ere$ ), TCT o' rtine# is %")lic stre* n$t(t si$ title s(o"l$ )e cncelle$ n$ t(e ri.er co.ere$ re.erte$ to %")lic $o*inrtine# ssils t(is $ecision )ein! collterl ttck on t(e in$e'esi)ilit, o' t(etorrens title ori!inll, iss"e$ in 1725 in '.or o' t(eir %re$ecessor-in-interest

ISSUE:

;(et(er t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co"rt cn $"$!e t(e re!istrtion o' ln$ o' t(e%")lic $o*in

E=D:

o T(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co"rt (s no "ris$iction o.er non-re!ister)le %ro%erties

s"c( s %")lic n.i!)le ri.ers (ic( re %rts o' t(e %")lic $o*in n$ cnnot.li$l, $"$!e t(e re!istrtion o' title in '.or o' %ri.te %%licnt ence t(e"$!*ent o' t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' P*%n! s re!r$s t(e =ot o 2 o'Certi&cte o' Title o 1556 in t(e n*e o' %etitioners *, )e ttcke$ t n,ti*e eit(er $irectl, or collterll, ), t(e Stte (ic( is not )o"n$ ), n,%rescri%ti.e %erio$ %ro.i$e$ 'or ), t(e Stt"te o' =i*ittions T(e ri!(t o' re.ersionor recon.e,nce to t(e Stte o' t(e %")lic %ro%erties 'r"$"lentl, re!istere$ n$(ic( re not c%)le o' %ri.te %%ro%rition or %ri.te c"isition $oes not%rescri)e

17 Re%u'lic vs CA 2)) SCRA 1)) Crti;uit!

Re.villeFACTS:

/A 177 "t(ori#e$ t(e recl*tion o' 'ores(ore ln$s ), c(rtere$ cities In.okin!t(e %ro.ision o' /A 177 Ps, Cit, Co"ncil %sse$ n or$innce 'or t(erecl*tion o' 300 (ectres o' 'ores(ore ln$s e*%oerin! t(e Cit, ,or tor$ n$ enter into recl*tion contrcts n$ %rescri)in! ter*s n$ con$itionst(ere'or T(e or$innce s *en$e$ "t(ori#in! t(e /e%")lic /el EstteCor%ortion 8G//ECH9 to recli* 'ores(ore ln$s o' Ps, Cit, "n$er certin ter*sn$ con$itions T(e /e%")lic o' t(e

P(ili%%ines 8G/e%")licH9 &le$ Co*%lint 'or /eco.er, o' Possession n$ D*!es

it( ;rit o' Preli*inr, Pre.enti.e In"nction n$ n$tor, In"nction )e'ore t(eCo"rt o' First Instnce o' /i#l T(e co*%lint s *en$e$ "estionin! s")ectA!ree*ent )eteen Ps, Cit, n$ //EC on t(e !ro"n$s t(t t(e s")ect *tter o's"c( A!ree*ent is o"tsi$e t(e co**erce o' *n t(t its ter*s n$ con$itions re.iolti.e o' /A 177 n$ t(t t(e si$ A!ree*ent s e+ec"te$ it(o"t n, %")lic)i$$in! CFIC iss"e n or$er t(t t(e $e'en$nts t(eir !ents n$ ll %ersonscli*in! "n$er t(e* to re'rin 'ro* '"rt(er recli*in! or co**ittin! cts o'$is%ossession or $es%olition o.er n, re it(in t(e nil B, or t(e


17/122

nil B, Bec( /esort It lso iss"e$ rit o' %reli*inr, in"nction (ic(enoine$ t(e $e'en$nts //EC n$ Ps, Cit, t(eir !ents n$ ll %ersonscli*in! "n$er t(e* G'ro* '"rt(er recli*in! or co**ittin! cts o' $is%ossessionH

T(e CFIC r"le$ in '.or o' Ps, Cit, n$ //EC /e%")lic %%ele$ to CA Be'ore%%el co"l$ )e resol.e$ PD 3-A s iss"e$ t("s: GT(e %ro.isions o' n, l to t(e

contrr, notit(stn$in! t(e recl*tion o' res "n$er ter (et(er 'ores(oreor inln$ s(ll )e li*ite$ to t(e tionl >o.ern*ent or n, %erson "t(ori#e$ ), it"n$er %ro%er contrct All recl*tions *$e in .ioltion o' t(is %ro.ision s(ll )e'or'eite$ to t(e Stte it(o"t nee$ o' "$icil ction Contrcts 'or recl*tion stillle!ll, e+istin! or (ose .li$it, (s )een cce%te$ ), t(e tionl >o.ern*ents(ll )e tken o.er ), t(e tionl >o.ern*ent on t(e )sis o' "nt"* *er"it 'or%ro%er %rosec"tion o' t(e %roect in.ol.e$ ), $*inistrtionH /e%")lic n$ t(eConstr"ction De.elo%*ent Cor%ortion o' t(e P(ili%%ines 8GCDCPH9 si!ne$ Contrct 'or t(e nil-C.ite Costl /o$ Proect 8P(ses I n$ II9 (ic( contrctincl"$e$ t(e recl*tion n$ $e.elo%*ent o' res co.ere$ ), t(e A!ree*ent)eteen Ps, Cit, n$ //EC T(en t(ere s iss"e$ Presi$entil Decree o 105(ic( trns'erre$ to t(e P")lic Estte A"t(orit, 8GPEAH9 t(e ri!(ts n$ o)li!tions o't(e /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines "n$er t(e contrct )eteen t(e /e%")lic n$ CDCPCA Ar*e$ t(e Decision o' t(e CFIC n$ //EC (s t(e o%tion to )", 60M o' 21(ectres o' ln$ lre$, recli*e$ Ps, Cit, n$ //EC &le$ *otion t(t 55(ectres ($ )een recli*e$ CA *o$i&e$ its $ecision n$ or$ere$ t(e t"rn-o.er toPs, Cit, o' t(e oners(i% n$ %ossession o' 7 lots title$ in t(e n*e o' CCP

ISSUE:

;(et(er t(e CA is correct in $eci$in! t(t t(e oners(i% n$ %ossession o' t(e 7title$ lots )e t"rne$-o.er Ps, Cit,

E=D:

o A notice o' lis %en$ens is necessr, (en t(e ction is 'or reco.er, o'%ossession or oners(i% o' %rcel o' ln$ In t(e %resent liti!tion //EC n$Ps, Cit, s $e'en$nts in t(e *in cse $i$ not co"ntercli* 'or t(e t"rno.er toPs, Cit, o' t(e title$ lots 'ore*entione$ ;(t is *ore torrens title cnnot )ecollterll, ttcke$ T(e iss"e o' .li$it, o' torrens title (et(er 'r"$"lentl,iss"e$ or not *, )e %ose$ onl, in n ction )ro"!(t to i*%"!n or nn"l itUn*istk)le n$ cnnot )e i!nore$ is t(e !er*ne %ro.ision o' Section 4 o' PD1527 t(t certi&cte o' title cn ne.er )e t(e s")ect o' collterl ttck Itcnnot )e ltere$ *o$i&e$ or cncelle$ e+ce%t in $irect %rocee$in! instit"te$ inccor$nce it( l

18 Alvrez vs


18/122

to tten$ '"rt(er *eetin!s it( t(e DE/ Inste$ on 2 Se%te*)er 2002 PIC@P&le$ )e'ore t(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt 8/TC9 o' "e#on Cit, Petition 'or n$*"s!inst t(en DE/ Secretr, Al.re# PIC@P seeks t(e iss"nce o' %ri.ile!e$ rito' *n$*"s to co*%el t(e DE/ Secretr, to si!n e+ec"te n$ $eli.er n IFA toPIC@P

;(ile PIC@P $i$ not seek n, certi&ction 'ro* t(e CIP t(t t(e 'or*ersconcession re $i$ not o.erl% it( n, ncestrl $o*in PIC@P initill, so"!(t toco*%l, it( t(e re"ire*ent "n$er Sections 26 n$ 2 o' t(e =ocl >o.ern*entCo$e to %roc"re %rior %%ro.l o' t(e Sn!!"nins concerne$ oe.er onl, one o't(e *n, %ro.inces Lecte$ %%ro.e$ t(e iss"nce o' n IFA to PIC@PUn$"nte$ PIC@P ne.ert(eless s")*itte$ to t(e DE/ t(e %"r%orte$ resol"tion o't(e Pro.ince o' S"ri!o $el S"r in$orsin! t(e %%ro.l o' PIC@Ps %%liction 'orIFA con.ersion %%rentl, (o%in! eit(er t(t t(e $is%%ro.l o' t(e ot(er%ro.inces o"l$ !o "nnotice$ or t(t t(e S"ri!o $el S"r %%ro.l o"l$ )e trete$s s"cient co*%lince

T(e c"se o' ction o' PIC@P in its Petition 'or n$*"s it( t(e tril co"rt is t(tt(e !o.ern*ent is )o"n$ ), contrct 1767 Doc"*ent si!ne$ ), t(en Presrcos to enter into n Inte!rte$ Forest n!e*ent A!ree*ent 8IFA9 it(PIC@P

ISSUES:

9 ;(et(er t(e 1767 Doc"*ent is contrct reco!ni#e$ "n$er t(e non-i*%ir*ent cl"se ), (ic( t(e !o.ern*ent *, )e )o"n$ 'or t(e iss"nce o' t(eIFA

)9 ;(et(er PIC@P co*%lie$ it( t(e =>C re"ire*ent o' o)tinin! %rior%%ro.l o' t(e Sn!!"nin concerne$ ), s")*ittin! %"r%orte$ resol"tion o' t(e

Pro.ince o' S"ri!o $el S"r in$orsin! t(e %%ro.l o' PIC@Ps %%liction 'or IFAcon.ersion

E=D:

9 o A ti*)er license is n instr"*ent ), (ic( t(e Stte re!"ltes t(e"tili#tion n$ $is%osition o' 'orest reso"rces to t(e en$ t(t %")lic el're is%ro*ote$ A ti*)er license is not contrct it(in t(e %"r.ie o' t(e $"e %rocesscl"se it is onl, license or %ri.ile!e (ic( cn )e .li$l, it($rn (ene.er$ictte$ ), %")lic interest or %")lic el're s in t(is cse A license is *erel, %er*it or %ri.ile!e to $o (t ot(erise o"l$ )e "nl'"l n$ is not contrct)eteen t(e "t(orit, 'e$erl stte or *"nici%l !rntin! it n$ t(e %erson to

(o* it is !rnte$ neit(er is it %ro%ert, or %ro%ert, ri!(t nor $oes it crete .este$ ri!(t nor is it t+tion T("s t(is Co"rt (el$ t(t t(e !rntin! o' license$oes not crete irre.oc)le ri!(ts neit(er is it %ro%ert, or %ro%ert, ri!(ts Sinceti*)er licenses re not contrcts t(e non-i*%ir*ent cl"se cnnot )e in.oke$

)9 o T(e %%ro.l o' t(e Sn!!"nin concerne$ is re"ire$ ), l not)ec"se t(e locl !o.ern*ent (s control o.er s"c( %roect )"t )ec"se t(e locl!o.ern*ent (s t(e $"t, to %rotect its constit"ents n$ t(eir stke in t(e


19/122

i*%le*enttion o' t(e %roect A!in Section 26 sttes t(t it %%lies to %roectst(t G*, c"se %oll"tion cli*tic c(n!e $e%letion o' nonrene)le reso"rcesloss o' cro% ln$ rn!eln$ or 'orest co.er n$ e+tinction o' ni*l or %lnts%eciesH T(e locl !o.ern*ent s(o"l$ t("s re%resent t(e co**"nities in s"c(re t(e .er, %eo%le (o ill )e Lecte$ ), Roo$in! ln$sli$es or e.en cli*tic

c(n!e i' t(e %roect is not %ro%erl, re!"lte$ n$ (o likeise (.e stke in t(ereso"rces in t(e re n$ $eser.e to )e $e"tel, co*%enste$ (en t(esereso"rces re e+%loite$ In$ee$ it o"l$ )e )s"r$ to cli* t(t t(e %roect *"st&rst )e $e.ol.e$ to t(e locl !o.ern*ent )e'ore t(e re"ire*ent o' t(e ntionl!o.ern*ent seekin! %%ro.l 'ro* t(e locl !o.ern*ent cn )e %%lie$ I' %roect(s )een $e.ol.e$ to t(e locl !o.ern*ent t(e locl !o.ern*ent itsel' o"l$ )ei*%le*entin! t(e %roect T(t t(e locl !o.ern*ent o"l$ nee$ its on %%ro.l)e'ore i*%le*entin! its on %roect is %tentl, sill,

1) 9eirs of Cle-e,te vs 9eirs of =ice,te Er-c 403SCRA 2)1 Cstillo! ri,z (e->el

Fcts:

At =ot o 666 s ori!inll, one$ ), Cl"$io Er*c n$ 'ter (is $et( sin(erite$ ), (is c(il$ren Este)n Bl)in n$ Pe$ro Cle*ente Er*c re!istere$ t(esi$ =ot to (is n*e lone it(o"t re!r$s to t(e ot(er %re$ecessors-in-interests

T(e res%on$ents ere )le to %ro.e consistentl, n$ corro)orti.el, t(t t(e, sell s t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interests ($ )een in o%en contin"o"s n$"n$ist"r)e$ %ossession n$ occ"%tion t(ereo' in t(e conce%t o' oners

Accor$in! to t(e %%ellte co"rt GtV(e 'ct t(t %etitionersV (.e in t(eir%ossession certi&ctes o' title (ic( %%rentl, )er o"t t(t it sV Cle*enteEr*c lone (o cli*e$ t(e entire %ro%ert, $escri)e$ t(erein (sV no $iscre$itin!

eLect "%on %lintiLs cli* it %%erin! t(t s"c( titles ere c"ire$ in$ero!tion o' t(e e+istin! .li$ n$ $.erse interests o' t(e %lintiLs (ose title ),s"ccession ere eLecti.el, $isre!r$e$H

Iss"e:

1 ;(et(er or not t(e lle!e$ t+ $eclrtions n$ t+ recei%ts re s"cient to$e'et t(e title o.er t(e %ro%ert, in t(e n*es o' %etitioners %re$ecessors-in-interest S%o"sesV Cle*ente Er*c n$ An"ncicion S",co

2 ;(et(er or not lc(es (s set in on t(e cli*s ), t(e res%on$ents on %ortions o'=ot o 666

T(e Co"rts /"lin!

First Iss"e:

@ners(i% o' t(e Dis%"te$ =ot

Petitioners cli* t(t t(e CA erre$ in rel,in! on t(e (ers, n$ "ns")stntite$testi*on, o' res%on$ents s ell s on t+ $eclrtions n$ relt, t+ recei%ts inor$er to s"%%ort its r"lin! t(t t(e ln$ s one$ ), Cl"$io Er*c


20/122

;e re not %ers"$e$ T(e cre$ence !i.en to t(e testi*on, o' t(e itnesses 'orres%on$ents is 'ct"l iss"e lre$, %sse$ "%on n$ resol.e$ ), t(e tril n$ t(e%%ellte co"rts It is (orn)ook $octrine t(t onl, "estions o' l re entertine$in %%els ), certiorri "n$er /"le 45 o' t(e /"les o' Co"rt T(e tril co"rts &n$in!so' 'ct (ic( t(e CA r*e$ re !enerll, concl"si.e n$ )in$in! "%on t(is

Co"rt17oreo.er (ile t+ $eclrtions n$ relt, t+ recei%ts $o not concl"si.el, %ro.eoners(i% t(e, *, constit"te stron! e.i$ence o' oners(i% (en cco*%nie$), %ossession 'or %erio$ s"cient 'or %rescri%tion20 Consi$erin! t(tres%on$ents (.e )een in %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, 'or lon! %erio$ o' ti*e t(ereis le!l )sis 'or t(eir "se o' t+ $eclrtions n$ relt, t+ recei%ts s $$itionle.i$ence to s"%%ort t(eir cli* o' oners(i%

Secon$ Iss"e:

Prescri%tion n$ =c(es

Petitioners ssert t(t t(e oners(i% cli*e$ ), res%on$ents is )rre$ ),%rescri%tion n$ lc(es )ec"se it took t(e ltter 5 ,ers to )rin! t(e %resentction ;e $is!ree

;(en %rt, "ses 'r"$ or concel*ent to o)tin certi&cte o' title to %ro%ert, constr"cti.e tr"st is crete$ in '.or o' t(e $e'r"$e$ %rt, Since Cl"$io Er*c(s lre$, )een est)lis(e$ in t(e %resent cse s t(e ori!inl oner o' t(e ln$t(e re!istrtion in t(e n*e o' Cle*ente Er*c *ent t(t t(e ltter (el$ t(e ln$in tr"st 'or ll t(e (eirs o' t(e 'or*er Since res%on$ents ere in ct"l %ossessiono' t(e %ro%ert, t(e ction to en'orce t(e tr"st n$ reco.er t(e %ro%ert, n$t(ere), "iet title t(ereto $oes not %rescri)e

Bec"se lc(es is n e"it)le $octrine its %%liction is controlle$ ), e"it)leconsi$ertions23 It cnnot )e "se$ to $e'et "stice or to %er%et"te 'r"$ n$in"stice24 Its %%liction s(o"l$ not %re.ent t(e ri!(t'"l oners o' %ro%ert, toreco.er (t (s )een 'r"$"lentl, re!istere$ in t(e n*e o' not(er

;E/EF@/E t(e Petition is (ere), DEIED n$ t(e ssile$ Decision AFFI/EDCosts !inst %etitioners

20 Re%u'lic vs el

Fcts:

S")ect o' t(e instnt contro.ers, is =ot o 3746 o' t(e C"rri*o C$stre

@n o.e*)er 17 177 I!lesi i Cristo 8IC9 re%resente$ ), Ero > nlo scor%orte sole &le$ its A%%liction 'or /e!istrtion o' Title )e'ore t(e CTC inPo,-C"rri*o A%%en$e$ to t(e %%liction ere t(e se%i or trcin! clot( o' %lnSo-1-00104 t(e tec(nicl $escri%tion o' s")ect lot3V t(e >eo$etic En!ineersCerti&cte4V T+ Declrtion o 8TD9 500265V co.erin! t(e s")ect lot n$ t(e


21/122

Se%te*)er 170 Dee$ o' Sle6V e+ec"te$ ), Bernr$o Bn$!"io in '.or o'IC

T(e /e%")lic t(ro"!( t(e @ce o' t(e Solicitor >enerl 8@S>9 entere$ its%%ernce n$ $e%"ti#e$ t(e Pro.incil Prosec"tor o' =o! Cit, to %%er on its)e(l' It lso &le$ n @%%osition to ICs %%liction

Iss"e:

;@ TE C@U/T @F APPEA=S E//ED @ A UESTI@ @F =A; I AFFI/I> TECTCV DECISI@ >/ATI> TE APP=ICATI@ F@/ =AD /E>IST/ATI@

el$:

IC entitle$ to re!istr)le ri!(t o.er s")ect lot

;it( t(e resol"tion o' t(e core iss"e e &n$ no error in t(e &n$in!s o' t(e co"rts "o t(t IC ($ in$ee$ s"cientl, est)lis(e$ its %ossession n$ occ"%tion o't(e s")ect lot in ccor$nce it( t(e P")lic =n$ Act n$ Sec 14819 o' PD 1527

n$ ($ $"l, %ro.e$ its ri!(t to "$icil con&r*tion o' i*%er'ect title o.er s")ectlot

As r"le t(e &n$in!s o' 'ct o' t(e tril co"rt (en r*e$ ), t(e CA re &nln$ concl"si.e on n$ cnnot )e re.iee$ on %%el ), t(is Co"rt s lon! s t(e,re )orne o"t ), t(e recor$ or re )se$ on s")stntil e.i$ence T(e Co"rt is not trier o' 'cts its "ris$iction )ein! li*ite$ to re.iein! onl, errors o' l t(t *,(.e )een co**itte$ ), t(e loer co"rts24V T(is is %%lic)le to t(e instnt cse

T(e %ossession o' IC (s )een est)lis(e$ not onl, 'ro* 1752 n$ 1757 (en it%"rc(se$ t(e res%ecti.e (l.es o' t(e s")ect lot )"t is lso tcke$ on to t(e%ossession o' its %re$ecessors-in-interest B$n!"io n$ S)"co t(e ltter

%ossessin! t(e s")ect lot , )e'ore J"ne 12 1745 s (e in(erite$ t(e )i!!er loto' (ic( t(e s")ect lot is %ortion 'ro* (is %rents T(ese %ossessions n$occ"%tion'ro* S)"co incl"$in! t(ose o' (is %rents to ICK n$ 'ro* S)"co toB$n!"io to IC ($ )een in t(e conce%t o' oners: o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.en$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion "n$er )on &$e cli* o' c"isition o'%ro%ert, T(ese ($ not )een $ist"r)e$ s tteste$ to ), res%on$ents itnesses

;E/EF@/E t(is %etition is (ere), DEIED Accor$in!l, t(e @cto)er 11 200 CADecision in CA->/ C o 534 is (ere), AFFI/ED I T@T@

21 Chvez vs EA 384 SCRA 1&2 12/)/2002

Cstillo! ri,z (e->elFACTS:

Presi$ent rcos t(ro"!( %resi$entil $ecree crete$ PEA (ic( s tske$it( t(e $e.elo%*ent i*%ro.e*ent n$ c"isition lese n$ sle o' llkin$s o' ln$s T(e t(en %resi$ent lso trns'erre$ to PEA t(e 'ores(ore n$oLs(ore ln$s o' nil B, "n$er t(e nil-C.ite Costl

/o$ n$ /ecl*tion Proect


22/122

T(ere'ter PEA s !rnte$ %tent to t(e recli*e$ res o' ln$ n$ t(en,ers lter PEA entere$ into JA it( AA/I 'or t(e $e.elo%*ent o' t(e Free$o*Isln$s T(ese to entere$ into oint .ent"re in t(e )sence o' n, %")lic)i$$in!

=ter %ri.ile!e s%eec( s !i.en ), Sentor Presi$ent ce$

$eno"ncin! t(e JA s t(e !rn$*ot(er o' ll sc*s An in.esti!tion scon$"cte$ n$ it s concl"$e$ t(t t(e ln$s t(t PEA s con.e,in! to AA/Iere ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*inK t(e certi&ctes o' title o.er t(e

Free$o* Isln$s ere .oi$K n$ t(e JA itsel' s ille!l T(is %ro*%te$ /*os to'or* n in.esti!tor, co**ittee on t(e le!lit, o' t(e JA

Petitioner no co*es n$ conten$s t(t t(e !o.ern*ent stn$s to lose)illions ), t(e con.e,nce or sle o' t(e recli*e$ res to AA/I e lsoske$ 'or t(e '"ll $isclos"re o' t(e rene!otitions (%%enin! )eteen t(e %rties

ISSUE:

;? sti%"ltions in t(e *en$e$ JA 'or t(e trns'er to AA/I o' t(e ln$srecli*e$ or to )e recli*e$ .iolte t(e Constit"tion

E=D:

T(e oners(i% o' ln$s recli*e$ 'ro* 'ores(ore n$ s")*er!e$ res is roote$ int(e /e!lin $octrine (ic( (ol$s t(t t(e Stte ons ll ln$s n$ ters o' t(e%")lic $o*in

T(e 17 Constit"tion reco!ni#es t(e /e!lin $octrine It $eclres t(t ll nt"rlreso"rces re one$ ), t(e Stte n$ e+ce%t 'or lien)le !ric"lt"rl ln$so' t(e %")lic $o*in nt"rl reso"rces cnnot )e liente$

T(e A*en$e$ JA co.ers recl*tion re o' 50 (ectres @nl, 154 (ectreso' t(e 50 (ectre recl*tion %roect (.e )een recli*e$ n$ t(e rest o' t(ere re still s")*er!e$ res 'or*in! %rt o' nil B, F"rt(er it is %ro.i$e$t(t AA/I ill rei*)"rse t(e ct"l costs in recli*in! t(e res o' ln$ n$ itill s(o"l$er t(e ot(er recl*tion costs to )e inc"rre$

T(e 'ores(ore n$ s")*er!e$ res o' nil B, re %rt o' t(e ln$s o' t(e%")lic $o*in ters n$ ot(er nt"rl reso"rces n$ conse"entl, one$ ),t(e Stte As s"c( 'ores(ore n$ s")*er!e$ res s(ll not )e lien)le "nlesst(e, re clssi&e$ s !ric"lt"rl ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in T(e *ererecl*tion o' t(ese res ), t(e PEA $oesnt con.ert t(ese inlien)le nt"rl

reso"rces o' t(e Stte into lien)le n$ $is%os)le ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*inT(ere *"st )e l or %resi$entil

%rocl*tion ocill, clssi',in! t(ese recli*e$ ln$s s lien)le n$$is%os)le i' t(e l (s reser.e$ t(e* 'or so*e %")lic or "si-%")lic "se


23/122

22 h Cho vs Director of (,s 7& hil# 8)08/31/1)46 Cstillo! .celle

Fcts:

@( C(o is citi#en o' t(e /e%")lic o' C(in (o %"rc(se$ resi$entil %rcel o'

ln$ in >"in,n!n T,)s in 173 T(e s")ect ln$ (s )een in t(e contin"o"s%")lic n$ $.erse %ossession o' t(e %re$ecessors in interest since 10 In J"ne1740 @( C(o %%lie$ 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e s")ect ln$ (ic( s o%%ose$ ),t(e Director o' =n$s 'olloin! t(e Constit"tionl %ro(i)ition !inst liensc"irin! %ri.te or %")lic !ric"lt"rl ln$s T(e CFI (oe.er o.err"le$ t(eo%%osition n$ $ecree$ t(e re!istrtion %%lie$ 'or ence t(e %resent %%el ),t(e Director o' =n$s T(e Director o' =n$s *intine$ its o%%osition on t(e !ro"n$o' lck o' title to t(e lot n$ o' $is"li&ction s lien 'ro* c"irin! ln$s o' t(e%")lic $o*in

@( C(o 'ile$ to s(o t(t (e (s title to t(e lot t(t *, )e con&r*e$ "n$er t(e=n$ /e!istrtion Act e lso 'ile$ to s(o t(t (e n$ , o' (is %re$ecessors in

interest ($ c"ire$ t(e lot 'ro* t(e >o.ern*ent eit(er ), %"rc(se or ), !rnt

Iss"e:

;(et(er @( C(o is entitle$ to $ecree o' re!istrtion (e s %%l,in! 'orconsi$erin! t(t (e 'ile$ to s(o title to t(e lot n$ t(t (e is n lien $is"li&e$'ro* c"irin! ln$s o' %")lic $o*in

el$?/tio:

@ @( C(o is not entitle$ to $ecree o' re!istrtion )ec"se t(e erliest%ossession o' t(e s")ect ln$ ), @( C(os &rst %re$ecessor in interest )e!n in10 n$ )ec"se (is i**e$ite %re$ecessors 'ile$ to %%l, 'or re!istrtion

All ln$s t(t ere not c"ire$ 'ro* t(e >o.ern*ent eit(er ), %"rc(se or ),!rnt )elon! to t(e %")lic $o*in "nless t(e ln$ (s )een in t(e %ossession o' nocc"%nt n$ %re$ecessors in interest since ti*e i**e*oril since s"c( %ossessiono"l$ "sti', t(e %res"*%tion t(t t(e ln$ ($ ne.er )een %ri.te %ro%ert, e.en)e'ore t(e S%nis( con"est As s"c( t(e %%licnt $oes not "li', "n$er t(ee+ce%tion

@( C(o is neit(er entitle$ to $ecree o' re!istrtion "n$er t(e %ro.isions o' t(eP")lic =n$ Act since (e is n lien $is"li&e$ 'ro* c"irin! ln$s o' %")lic$o*in

Ar!")l, @( C(os i**e$ite %re$ecessors in interest co"l$ (.e )een entitle$ to $ecree o' re!istrtion ($ t(e, %%lie$ 'or re!istrtionK conse"entl, t(e ri!(t o't(e i**e$ite %re$ecessors in interest to $ecree o' re!istrtion *"st )e $ee*e$to lso (.e )een c"ire$ oe.er @( C(os i**e$ite %re$ecessors 'ile$ to%%l, 'or re!istrtion As s"c( t(e, $i$ not (.e n, .este$ ri!(t in t(e lot*o"ntin! to title (ic( s trns*issi)le to t(e %%licnt

J"$!*ent s re.erse$ n$ t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion s $is*isse$


24/122

23 Diz vs Re%u'lic 181&02 2/2/2010 Cstillo! .celle

Fcts:

Flor >rci &le$ n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' .st trct o' ln$ in ="r "e.Eci n$ Pl,n Cit, in 176 lle!in! t(t s(e %ossesse$ t(e ln$ s oner n$

orke$ $e.elo%e$ n$ (r.este$ t(e !ric"lt"rl %ro$"cts n$ )ene&ts 'ro* t(eln$ contin"o"sl, %")licl, n$ $.ersel, 'or *ore or less 26 ,ers T(e /e%")lic o't(e P(ili%%ines o%%ose$ s"c( %%liction )ec"se t(e s")ect ln$ s inlien)les %rt o' %")lic $o*in 'or )ein! it(in Fort !s,s, ilitr, /eser.tionest)lis(e$ in 1755

In n erlier cse 8/e,es cse9 in.ol.in! t(e s*e ln$ t(e S"%re*e Co"rt lre$,r"le$ t(t s"c( %ro%ert, s inlien)le s it 'or*e$ %rt o' t(e *ilitr,reser.tion Also t(e e+istence o' t(e %ossessor, in'or*tion title to (ic( t(e%%licnt in t(e /e,es cse nc(ore$ its cli* s not %ro.en In si$ cset(ere'ore t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion iss"e$ s $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$

Des%ite t(e /e,es cse t(e CFI r"le$ in '.or o' >rci in t(e %resent cse T(e/e%")lic %%ele$ t(e $ecision to t(e CA (o re.erse$ t(e CFI $ecision r"lin! t(tt(e /e,es cse s(ll %%l, in >rcis cse since )ot( cses in.ol.e t(e s*e%ro%ert, T(e CA concl"$e$ t(t >rci $i$ not .li$l, c"ire title to t(e ln$ since(er oners(i% to t(e ln$ trces to t(e s*e %ossessor, in'or*tion title t(e%ro)ti.e .l"e o' (ic( s lre$, %sse$ "%on ), t(e SC n$ )ec"se t(e ln$s sit"te$ insi$e *ilitr, reser.tion

en(ile t(e CA %%ro.e$ co*%ro*ise !ree*ent )eteen t(e /e%")lic n$%etitioner Di# (o s")stit"te$ %%licnt >rci e+cl"$in! 'ro* t(e cli* %ortiono' t(e ln$ s"%%ose$l, not it(in t(e *ilitr, reser.tion T(e @S> (oe.er *o.e$'or reconsi$ertion in'or*in! t(e CA t(t t(e ln$ s")ect o' t(e *ic)le

settle*ent s still it(in t(e *ilitr, reser.tion T(e CA nn"lle$ t(e co*%ro*ise!ree*ent T(e SC $enie$ t(e %etition 'or re.ie &le$ ), Di# s ell s t(e &rstto / &le$ ence t(e %resent letter o' %etitioner $ee*e$ ), t(e SC s t(ir$/

Iss"e:

;(et(er t(e re!istrtion o' ln$ s")ect o' t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent )eteenDi# n$ /e%")lic s(o"l$ )e !rnte$ consi$erin! t(t in %re.io"s cse in.ol.in!t(e s*e %ro%ert, t(e S"%re*e Co"rt r"le$ t(t t(e s")ect ln$ is inlien)le 'or)ein! %rt o' *ilitr, reser.tion n$ t(e e+istence o' t(e %ossessor, in'or*tiontitle to (ic( %%licnt >rcis cli* o' title cn lso )e trce$ s not %ro.en

el$?/tio:

@ t(e $ecree o' re!istrtion co"l$ not )e !rnte$ since t(e SC @r$er in /e,escse $is*issin! t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion n$ $eclrin! t(e ln$ s %rt o'%")lic $o*in )rs t(e cli* o' %%licnt >rci n$ %resent %etitioner Di#Petitioners conten$e$ %ri.te ri!(ts o.er t(e ln$ co"l$ not )e res%ecte$ )ec"set(e SC ($ lre$, reco!ni#e$ t(e s*e ln$ to )e %")lic 'orest e.en )e'ore t(eF/ s est)lis(e$


25/122

In re!istrtion cses &le$ "n$er t(e %ro.isions o' t(e P")lic =n$ Act 'or t(e "$icilcon&r*tion o' n inco*%lete n$ i*%er'ect title n or$er $is*issin! n%%liction 'or re!istrtion n$ $eclrin! t(e ln$ s %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*inconstit"tes res "$ict not onl, !inst t(e $.erse cli*nt )"t lso !inst ll%ersons It s inc"*)ent "%on t(e loer co"rt to res%ect t(e SC r"lin! in /e,es

cseBe'ore t(e *ilitr, reser.tion s est)lis(e$ e.i$ence s(oe$ t(t t(e s")ectln$ is lr!el, 'oreste$ n$ *o"ntino"s It s r"le$ in /e,es cse t(t 'orestln$s re not re!istr)le "n$er t(e P")lic =n$ Act T(e incl"sion o' 'orest ln$ in title (et(er iss"e$ "sin! S%nis( so.erei!nt, or "n$er t(e %resent Torrenss,ste* o' re!istrtion n"lli&es t(e title Forest ln$s *, onl, )e re!istere$ (ent(e, (.e )een reclssi&e$ s lien)le ), t(e Presi$ent in cler n$ cte!oricl*nner 8"%on t(e reco**en$tion o' t(e %ro%er $e%rt*ent (e$ (o (s t(e"t(orit, to clssi', t(e ln$s o' t(e %")lic $o*in into lien)le or $is%os)leti*)er n$ *inerl ln$s9 co"%le$ it( %ossession ), t(e cli*nt s ell s t(t o'(er %re$ecessorsininterest Since %etitioner $i$ not %ro$"ce s"c( e.i$ence (er

occ"%tion t(ereo' n$ t(t o' (er %re$ecessorsin interest co"l$ not (.e ri%ene$into oners(i% o' t(e s")ect ln$ )ec"se %rior to t(e con.ersion o' 'orest ln$ slien)le ln$ n, occ"%tion or %ossession t(ereo' cnnot )e co"nte$ inreckonin! co*%lince it( t(e t(irt,,er %ossession re"ire*ent "n$er t(e P")lic=n$ Act

oreo.er t(e 'ct t(t t(e %ossessor, in'or*tion title on (ic( Di# )ses t(eircli* o' oners(i% s 'o"n$ to )e ine+istent in /e,es cse t("s ren$erin! its%ro)ti.e .l"e "estion)le '"rt(er orks !inst !rntin! t(e $ecree o're!istrtion %%lie$ 'or

24 Cri,o vs o.ern*ent o' t(e P(ili%%ines n$ t(e !o.ern*ent o' t(e Unite$Sttes %%ele$ to t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce o' Ben!"et )ec"se t(e, ere tkin!t(e %ro%ert, 'or %")lic n$ *ilitr, %"r%oses T(e CFI $is*isse$ t(e %%liction 'orre!istrtion @n %%el t(e CFI $ecision s r*e$ ), t(e P(ili%%ine S"%re*eCo"rt T(e cse s )ro"!(t to t(e US S"%re*e Co"rt .i rit o' error

Crino is n I!orot n$ %ossesse$ t(e s")ect ln$ 'or *ore t(n 30 ,ers )e'ore

t(e Tret, o' Pris e n$ (is ncestors ($ (el$ t(e ln$ 'or ,ers T(e loclco**"nit, reco!ni#es t(e* s t(e oners o' t(e si$ ln$ is !rn$'t(er li.e$"%on it n$ *intine$ 'ences ro"n$ t(e %ro%ert, is 't(er rise$ cttle on t(e%ro%ert, n$ (e ($ in(erite$ t(e ln$ ccor$in! to I!orot c"sto* oe.er no titles iss"e$ to t(e* 'ro* t(e S%nis( Cron e trie$ tice to (.e it re!istere$$"rin! t(e S%nis( occ"%tion )"t s not s"ccess'"l In 1701 (e &le$ %etitionlle!in! oners(i% o' t(e ln$ )"t (e s onl, !rnte$ %ossessor, title


26/122

/ele.nt =s:

W P(ili%%ine Co**issions Act o 476

W P(ili%%ine Co**issions Act o 726 8An Act Prescri)in! /"les n$/e!"ltions >o.ernin! t(e o*este$in! Sellin! n$ =esin! o' Portions o' t(e

P")lic Do*in o' t(e P(ili%%ine Isln$s9 O t(is l $elt it( c"isition o' ne titlesn$ %er'ectin! o' titles )e!"n "n$er t(e S%nis( l Ben!"et s one o' t(ee+cl"$e$ %ro.inces "n$er t(is Act

Crinos contention: (e co"l$ re!ister t(e ln$ "n$er P(ili%%ine Co**issions Act no476 (ic( co.ere$ t(e entire P(ili%%ine rc(i%el!o

>o.ern*ents contention: S%in ($ title to ll t(e ln$s in t(e P(ili%%ines e+ce%tt(ose it s &t to %er*it %ri.te titles to )e c"ire$ T(ere s $ecree iss"e$ ),S%in t(t re"ire$ re!istrtion it(in li*ite$ ti*e )"t Crinos ln$ sntre!istere$ (ence s"c( ln$ )ec*e %")lic ln$

Iss"e:

Pri*r,: ;(et(er Crino co"l$ re!ister title to t(e ln$ l)eit Ben!"et s e+cl"$e$'ro* P(il Co* Act o 726

Bse$ on t(e iss"e: ;(et(er Crino ons t(e ln$

el$?/tio:

ES Crino co"l$ re!ister t(e ln$ i' oners(i% co"l$ )e *intine$

G= n$ "stice re"ire t(t t(e %%licnt s(o"l$ )e !rnte$ (t (e seeks n$s(o"l$ not )e $e%ri.e$ o' (t ), t(e %rctice n$ )elie' o' t(ose *on! (o* (eli.e$ s (is %ro%ert, t(ro"!( re&ne$ inter%rettion o' n l*ost 'or!otten l

o' S%inH

;(te.er t(e %osition o' S%in s on t(e iss"e it $oes not 'ollo t(t t(e USo"l$ .ie Crino to (.e lost ll (is ri!(ts to t(e ln$ O t(is o"l$ *o"nt to $enil o' nti.e titles t(ro"!(o"t Ben!"et "st )ec"se S%in o"l$ not (.e!rnte$ to n,one in t(e %ro.ince t(e re!istrtion o' t(eir ln$s

T(e @r!nic Act o' J"l, 1 1702 %ro.i$es t(t ll t(e %ro%ert, n$ ri!(ts c"ire$t(ere ), t(e US o"l$ )e 'or t(e )ene&t o' t(e in()itnts t(ereo' T(is s*estt"te *$e )ill o' ri!(ts e*)o$,in! t(e s'e!"r$s o' t(e Constit"tion n$ it%ro.i$es t(t GXno l s(ll )e encte$ in si$ isln$s (ic( s(ll $e%ri.e n,%erson o' li'e li)ert, or %ro%ert, it(o"t $"e %rocess o' l or $en, to n, %erson

t(erein t(e e"l %rotection o' t(e lsH It o"l$ )e (r$ to )elie.e t(t Gn,%ersonH $i$nt incl"$e t(e in()itnts o' Ben!"et nor it *ent G%ro%ert,H to re'eronl, to t(ose ln$s (ic( ($ )eco*e s"c( "n$er cere*on, 8o' re!istrtion9*n, o' t(e %eo%le o' t(e ln$ *, (.e not e.en (er$ o'

Alt(o"!( in Sec 14 o' t(e @r!nic Act it is si$ t(t t(e P(ili%%ine Co**ission *,%rescri)e r"les n$ re!"ltions 'or %er'ectin! titles to %")lic ln$s it s(o"l$ )enote$ t(t t(is section re'ers to t(ose cses (ere t(e ln$ s $*itte$ to )e


27/122

%")lic ln$ T(e US SC (esittes to s"%%ose t(t it s inten$e$ to $eclre e.er,nti.e (o ($ not %%er title tres%sser T(e "estion still re*ins: (t%ro%ert, n$ ri!(ts $i$ t(e US c"iree,g &78 SCRA 88 2/4/200)Cstillo! Rio Str

Fcts:Cit, ,or o' B!"io rnon iss"e$ t(ree 3 or$ers 'or t(e $e*olition o' t(e

ille!l str"ct"res constr"cte$ on %ortion o' t(e B"sol ;ters(e$ /eser.tionit(o"t t(e re"ire$ )"il$in! %er*its n$ in .ioltion o' Section 67 o' Presi$entilDecree o 05 s *en$e$ Presi$entil Decree o 1076 n$ /e%")lic Act o27

Pri.te re%on$ents >"*n!n et l &le$ %etition 'or in"nction it( %r,er'or t(e iss"nce o' te*%orr, restrinin! or$er n$?or rit o' %reli*inr,in"nction n$ cli*e$ t(t t(e ln$s (ere t(eir resi$entil (o"ses stn$ re t(eirncestrl ln$s (ic( t(e, (.e )een occ"%,in! n$ %ossessin! o%enl, n$

contin"o"sl, since ti*e i**e*orilK t(t t(eir oners(i% t(ereo' (.e )eene+%ressl, reco!ni#e$ in Procl*tion o 15 T("s $e*olition o' t(eir resi$entil(o"ses is .ioltion o' t(eir ri!(t o' %ossession n$ oners(i% o' ncestrl ln$sccor$e$ ), t(e Constit"tion n$ t(e l

CIP !rnte$ %ri.te res%on$ents %%liction n$ s r*e$ ), t(e CA

Iss"es:


28/122

1 ;(et(er or not CIP (s "ris$iction or "t(orit, to iss"e te*%orr,restrinin! or$ers n$ rits o' in"nction

2 ;(et(er or not %ri.te res%on$ents >"*n!n et l re entitle$ o' relie'

/"lin!:

1 es CIP (s t(e "t(orit, to iss"e te*%orr, restrinin! or$ers n$ rits o'in"nction

Un$er Sec 5 /"le III o' t(e CIP A$*inistrti.e Circ"lr o 1-03:

T(e CIP t(ro"!( its /e!ionl erin! @ces s(ll e+ercise "ris$iction o.erll cli*s n$ $is%"tes in.ol.in! ri!(ts o' ICCs?IPs n$ ll cses %ertinin! to t(ei*%le*enttion en'orce*ent n$ inter%rettion o' /A 31

T(e lle!tions in t(e %etition %ro.e t(e nt"re o' t(e ction n$ t(e"ris$iction o' %rtic"lr tri)"nl s"rel, "li', it s $is%"te8s9 orcontro.ers,8s9 o.er ncestrl ln$s?$o*ins o' ICCs?IPs it(in t(e ori!inl n$

e+cl"si.e "ris$iction o' t(e CIP-/@

Sec 67 o' IP/A Y Section 2 /"le o' CIP A$*inistrti.e Circ"lr o 1-03s,s CIP *, iss"e te*%orr, restrinin! or$ers n$ rits o' in"nction it(o"tn, %ro(i)ition !inst t(e iss"nce o' t(e rit (en t(e *in ction is 'orin"nction T(e %oer to iss"e te*%orr, restrinin! or$ers or rits o' in"nctionllos %rties to $is%"te o.er (ic( t(e CIP (s "ris$iction to seek relie' !instn, ction (ic( *, c"se t(e* !r.e or irre%r)le $*!e or in"r, In t(iscse t(e /e!ionl erin! @cer iss"e$ t(e in"ncti.e rit )ec"se its "ris$ictions clle$ "%on to %rotect n$ %reser.e t(e ri!(ts o' %ri.te res%on$ents (o re"n$o")te$l, *e*)ers o' ICCs?IPs

1 o %ri.te res%on$ents re not entitle$ to t(e relie' !rnte$ ), t(eCo**ission

Procl*tion o 15 (oe.er $oes not %%er to )e $e&niti.e reco!nitiono' %ri.te res%on$ents ncestrl ln$ cli* T(e %rocl*tion *erel, i$enti&es t(eolints n$ >"*n!n '*ilies t(e %re$ecessors-in-interest o' %ri.teres%on$ents s cli*nts o' %ortion o' t(e B"sol Forest /eser.tion )"t $oes notcknole$!e .este$ ri!(ts o.er t(e s*e Procl*tion o 15 e+%licitl, it($rst(e B"sol Forest /eser.tion 'ro* sle or settle*ent T(e 'ct re*ins too t(t t(eB"sol Forest /eser.tion s $eclre$ ), t(e Co"rt s inlien)le in eirs o'>"*n!n . Co"rt o' A%%els T(e $eclrtion o' t(e B"sol Forest /eser.tion ss"c( %recl"$es its con.ersion into %ri.te %ro%ert, T(e co"rts re not en$oe$ it(

"ris$ictionl co*%etence to $"$icte 'orest ln$s

T(e %etition is !rnte$

26 Cit. .or of r,;ue vs E'io 621 SCRA &&&6/23/2010 Cstillo! Rio Str

Fcts:


29/122

/es%on$ents cli* t(t t(e, re t(e )sol"te oners o' %rcel o' ln$(ic( s n ccretion o' C"t-c"t creek ori!inll, occ"%ie$ ), t(eir !ret!rn$'t(er itle# T(e cit, !o.ern*ent lter $.ise$ ll t(e resi$ents to .ctet(e si$ re 'or t(e %ro%ose$ ro$ constr"ction (oe.er res%on$ents i**e$itel,re!istere$ t(eir o%%osition (ic( c"se$ t(e s"s%ension o' constr"ction =ter Cit,

A$*inistrtor Al$i% sent letter to t(e res%on$ents or$erin! t(e* to .cte t(ere it(in t(e ne+t t(irt, 8309 $,s T(e res%on$ents t(en %%lie$ 'or rit o'%reli*inr, in"nction !inst Petitioners in t(e /TC

/TC $enie$ (ile t(e CA re.erse$ t(e $ecision n$ r"le$ in '.or o' t(eres%on$ents

Iss"e:

;(et(er t(e c(rcter o' res%on$ents %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(es")ect %ro%ert, entitles t(e* to .il o' t(e relie' o' %ro(i)itor, in"nction

/"lin!:

es t(e c(rcter o' %ossession n$ oners(i% ), t(e res%on$ents o.er t(econteste$ ln$ entitles t(e* to t(e .ils o' t(e ction A ri!(t in esse *ens cler n$ "n*istk)le ri!(t A %rt, seekin! to .il o' n in"ncti.e relie' *"st%ro.e t(t (e or s(e %ossesses ri!(t in esse or one t(t is ct"l or e+istin! Its(o"l$ not )e contin!ent )strct or '"t"re ri!(ts or one (ic( *, ne.er rise

Fro* t(ese &n$in!s o' 'ct ), )ot( t(e tril co"rt n$ t(e Co"rt o' A%%elsonl, one concl"sion cn )e *$e: t(t 'or *ore t(n t(irt, 8309 ,ers neit(er>"rntee$ o*es Inc nor t(e locl !o.ern*ent o' PrZ"e in its cor%orte or%ri.te c%cit, so"!(t to re!ister t(e ccrete$ %ortion /es%on$ents re $ee*e$to (.e c"ire$ oners(i% o.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, t(ro"!( %rescri%tion

/es%on$ents cn ssert s"c( ri!(t $es%ite t(e 'ct t(t t(e, (.e ,et to re!istert(eir title o.er t(e si$ lot It *"st )e re*e*)ere$ t(t t(e %"r%ose o' ln$re!istrtion is not t(e c"isition o' ln$s )"t onl, t(e re!istrtion o' title (ic( t(e%%licnt lre$, %ossesse$ o.er t(e ln$ /e!istrtion s ne.er inten$e$ s *ens o' c"irin! oners(i% A $ecree o' re!istrtion *erel, con&r*s )"t $oesnot con'er oners(i%

Con&r*tion o' n i*%er'ect title o.er %rcel o' ln$ *, )e $one eit(ert(ro"!( "$icil %rocee$in!s or t(ro"!( $*inistrti.e %rocess /es%on$ents%%liction 'or sles %tent (oe.er s(o"l$ not )e "se$ to %re"$ice or $ero!te(t *, )e $ee*e$ s t(eir .este$ ri!(t o.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, T(e sles%tent %%liction s(o"l$ inste$ )e consi$ere$ s *ere s"%erR"it, %rtic"lrl,

since oners(i% o.er t(e ln$ (ic( t(e, seek to )", 'ro* t(e Stte is lre$,.este$ "%on t(e* ), .irt"e o' c"isiti.e %rescri%tion oreo.er t(e Stte $oes not(.e n, "t(orit, to con.e, %ro%ert, t(ro"!( t(e iss"nce o' !rnt or %tenti' t(e ln$ is no lon!er %")lic ln$ e*o $t "o$ $t non ()et o one cn !i.e(t (e $oes not (.e S"c( %rinci%le is e"ll, %%lic)le e.en !inst so.erei!n entit, t(t is t(e Stte


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27 N* vs ?rci! et# l# 18283) 6/2/2014 Cstillo! RioStr

Fcts:

Jose Sr is in$e)te$ to >rci s%o"ses To sec"re %,*ent (e iss"e$ s%ecil

%oer o' ttorne, in '.or o' t(e >rci s%o"ses 'or %"r%oses o' t(eir lon%%liction it( PB Jose Sr lso e+ec"te$ n A*en$*ent o' /el Estte ort!!ein '.or o' PB T(e trnsctions ere it(o"t t(e knole$!e n$ consent o' JoseSrs c(il$ren

>rci 'ile$ to %, t(eir lon /es%on$ents t(en &le$ )e'ore t(e /TC Co*%lint 'or "llit, o' t(e A*en$*ent o' /el Estte ort!!e D*!es it(Preli*inr, In"nction !inst t(e s%o"ses >rci n$ PB cli*in! t(e, c"ire$s")ect %ro%ert, $"rin! t(eir *rri!e n$ )ec*e oners it( (is c(il$ren "%on$et( o' (is i'e =i!, n$ t(t consent o' (is c(il$ren ere not o)tine$

/TC $is*isse$ t(e co*%lint CA r*e$ t(e /TC $ecision

Iss"es:

1 ;(et(er or not t(e s")ect %ro%ert, is con"!l

2 ;(et(er t(e re!istrtion o' t(e s")ect %ro%ert, in t(e n*e o' one s%o"se$estro, t(e %res"*%tion t(t t(e %ro%ert, is con"!l

/"lin!:

1 es ll %ro%ert, c"ire$ $"rin! *rri!e is %res"*e$ con"!l

Un$er Article 160 o' t(e Ci.il Co$e Gll %ro%ert, o' t(e *rri!e is %res"*e$to )elon! to t(e con"!l %rtners(i% "nless it cn )e %ro.en t(t it %ertins

e+cl"si.el, to t(e ("s)n$ or to t(e i'e PB 'ile$ to re)"t t(e lle!tion t(t t(es")ect %ro%ert, s c"ire$ $"rin! t(e 'or*ers *rri!e to =i!, t(e le!l%res"*%tion o' t(e con"!l nt"re o' t(e %ro%ert, in line it( Article 160 o' t(eCi.il Co$e

2 o re!istrtion o' %ro%ert, lone in t(e n*e o' one s%o"se $oes not$estro, its con"!l nt"re ;(t is *teril is t(e ti*e (en t(e %ro%ert, sc"ire$

T(e re!istrtion o' t(e %ro%ert, is not concl"si.e e.i$ence o' t(e e+cl"si.eoners(i% o' t(e ("s)n$ or t(e i'e Alt(o"!( t(e %ro%ert, %%ers to )ere!istere$ in t(e n*e o' t(e ("s)n$ it (s t(e in(erent c(rcter o' con"!l

%ro%ert, i' it s c"ire$ 'or .l")le consi$ertion $"rin! *rri!e It retins itscon"!l nt"re To re)"t t(e %res"*%ti.e con"!l nt"re o' t(e %ro%ert, t(e%etitioner *"st %resent stron! cler n$ con.incin! e.i$ence o' e+cl"si.eoners(i% o' one o' t(e s%o"ses

In t(e %resent cse t(e %etitioner )nk 'ile$ to o.erco*e t(e le!l%res"*%tion t(t t(e $is%"te$ %ro%ert, s con"!l


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28 Director of (,s vs Re.es 68 SCRA 177 11/28/1)7&Cstro! loricel

FACTS:

A%%licnt Alins"n"rin cli*in! oners(i% in 'ee si*%le ), in(eritnce o' .st trct

o' ln$ $*itte$l, insi$e t(e )o"n$r, o' *ilitr, reser.tion o' Fort !s,s,so"!(t t(e re!istrtion o' title "n$er Act 476 Petitioners o%%ose$ t(e %%lictioncli*in! t(t t(e %%licnt s ?o s"cient title not in %ossession in t(e conce%to' n oner 'or tlest 30 ,ers %rece$in! t(e &lin! o' %%liction

A%%licnt &le$ *otion 'or s")stit"tion o' %rties re"estion PID Cor%ortion )econsi$ere$ s %%licnt (.in! c"ire$ ll (is ri!(ts o.er t(e %ro%ert, T(e co"rt!rnte$ t(e *otion n$ or$ere$ t(t t(e %rcel o' ln$ %%lie$ 'or )e re!istere$ in'.or o' PID Cor%ortion 2?3 %ortion n$ t(e ot(er 1?3 in '.or o' certin T*,o

Petitioners &le$ otice o' A%%el 'ro* t(e si$ $ecision to S"%re*e Co"rt PEn$in!A%%ro.l o' /ecor$

@n A%%el %%licnt PID Cor%ortion n$ T*,o &le$ *otion 'or iss"nce o'$ecree o' re!istrtion n$ $es%ite o%%osition o' t(e %etitionert =oer Co"rt !rnte$t(e *otion n$ iss"e$ $ecree o' re!istrtion

ISSUE:

;@ t(e iss"nce o' $ecree o' re!istrtion to PID Cor%ortion n$ T*,o is .li$$es%ite t(e A%%el &le$ ), t(e Petitioner

E=D:

o E+ec"tion %en$in! %%el is not %%lic)le in =n$ /e!istrtion %rocee$in! It

is 'r"!(t it( $n!ero"s conse"ences Innocent %"rc(sers *, )e *isle$ into%"rc(sin! rel %ro%erties "%on relince on "$!e*ent ?c *, )e re.erse$ on%%el

A torrens title iss"e$ on t(e )sis o' "$!e*ent t(t is not &nl is U==IT s itis .iolti.e o' t(e e+%licit %ro.isions o' t(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act (ic( re"ires t(t $ecree s(ll )e iss"e$ onl, 'ter $ecision $"$ictin! t(e title )eco*es &nl n$e+ec"tor,

2) *e,i, vs "uzo, &7 SCRA &31 6/28/1)74 Cstro!loricel

FACTS:PlintiLs &le$ t(ree se%rte co*%lints lle!in! t(t t(e, ere t(e oners n$%ossessors o' t(ree %rcels o' !ric"lt"rl ln$ n$ (ile eno,in! t(e %ece'"l%ossession o' t(eir ln$s $e'en$nts ille!ll, entere$ n$ strte$ $estro,in! t(e$ellin!s n$ i*%ro.e*ents

PlintiLs %r,e$ t(t t(e, )e $eclre$ oners s ell s to $eclre n"ll n$ .oi$ lltrns'ers certi&cte o' title iss"e$ ), /e!ister o' Dee$s )ec"se t(e, ere )se$ on


32/122

t(e @ri!inl Certi&cte o' title (ic( s lle!e$l, n"ll n$ .oi$ Accor$in! to t(e%etitioner (en t(e re!istere$ oners *entione$ in @ri!inl Certi&cte o' title%%lie$ 'or t(e re!istrtion t(e ori!inl %%liction s %")lis(e$ in t(e @cil>#ette )"t t(e, lle!e$ t(t t(e *en$*ent n$ ltertion *$e on t(e re)o"n$ries n$ tec(nicl $escri%tion o' t(e %rcel %rior to t(e $ecision s @T

%")lis(e$ Des%ite t(e 'il"re o' si$ %")liction t(e $ecision ren$ere$ in =n$/e!istrtion Cse s )se$ on t(e *en$e$ %ln

o t(e %lintiLs re "estionin! t(e "ris$iction o' =n$ /e!istrtion Co"rt toren$er t(e $ecision 'or lck o' %")liction

ISSUE:

;@ =/C (s "ris$iction to iss"e t(e $ecree )se$ on t(e *en$e$ %ln $es%ite its'il"re to )e %")lis(e$

E=D:

=/C lcks "ris$iction to t(e re n$ %rcel $$e$ on t(e *en$e$ %ln Un$er

Sec 23 o' Act 476 t(e re!istrtion co"rt *, llo or or$er n *en$*ent o' t(e%%liction 'or re!istrtion (en it %%ers to t(e co"rt t(t t(e *en$*ent isnecessr, n$ %ro%er Un$er Sec 24 o' s*e ct t(e co"rt *, t n,ti*e or$er n%%liction to )e *en$e$ ), strikin! o"t one or *ore %rcels or ), se.ernce o't(e %%liction T(e r"le is i' t(e *en$*ent is consist o' n incl"sion o' re or%rcel o' ln$ not %re.io"sl, incl"$e$ in t(e ori!inl %%liction 'or re!istrtion ne %")liction o' t(e *en$e$ %ln *"st )e *$e T(e %"r%ose o' t(e ne%")liction is to !i.e notice to ll %ersons concerne$ re!r$in! t(e *en$e$%%liction ;It(o"t t(e ne %")liction t(e re!istrtion co"rt cnnot c"ire

"ris$iction o.er t(e re or %rcel o' ln$ t(t is $$e$ to t(e re co.ere$ ), t(eori!inl %%liction n$ t(e $ecision o' t(e re!istrtion co"rt o"l$ )e n"llit, in so

'r s t(e $ecision concerns t(e nel, incl"$e$ ln$

30 S ri-e 9oli,gs vs .g &78 SCRA &&22/12/200)

31 e,oz vs CA 84 SCRA 67 7/14/1)78 Cstro!loricel

FACTS:

In 1764 it s %ro.en t(t %rcel o' ln$ is one$ ), en$o# en$o# %%lie$'or title D"rin! %en$enc, o' t(e %%liction )e'ore t(e ln$ re!istrtion co"rten$o# sol$ t(e ln$ to Dniel Cr"# T(e contrct o' sle s $*itte$ in co"rt inlie" o' t(e %en$in! %%liction 'or ln$ title T(e re!istrtion co"rt ren$ere$ $ecision in J"l, 1765 or$erin! t(e re!istrtion o' t(e to %rcels o' ln$ in t(en*e o' Cr"# s")ect to t(e "s"'r"ct"r, ri!(ts o' en$o#

T(e $ecision )ec*e &nl n$ e+ec"tor, In 176 (oe.er "%on 'il"re o' Cr"# to%, en$o# en$o# %etitione$ t(t t(e title iss"e$ in t(e n*e o' Cr"# )e


33/122

cncelle$ T(e ln$ re!istrtion co"rt r"le$ in '.or o' en$o# on t(e !ro"n$ t(tt(e co"rt erre$ in its erlier $ecision in iss"in! t(e ln$ title to Cr"# O (o s not %rt, to t(e %%liction o' title initite$ ), en$o# Cr"# %%ele$ T(e Co"rt o'A%%els r"le$ in '.or o' Cr"#

ISSUE:

;(et(er or not t(e title cn )e $elt it( in t(e n*e o' Gt(ir$ %rt,H

E=D:

es First o' ll it s %ro.en t(t en$o# c"se$ t(e re!istrtion in t(e n*e o'Cr"# %"rs"nt to t(eir contrct o' sle Secon$ en$o# o.erlooks Section 27 o't(e =n$ /e!istrtion Act (ic( e+%ressl, "t(ori#es t(e re!istrtion o' t(e ln$s")ect *tter o' re!istrtion %rocee$in! in t(e n*e o' t(e )",er 8Cr"#9 or o' t(e%erson to (o* t(e ln$ (s )een con.e,e$ ), n instr"*ent e+ec"te$ $"rin! t(einter.l o' ti*e )eteen t(e &lin! o' t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion n$ t(eiss"nce o' t(e $ecree o' title A strn!er or t(ir$ %rt, *, )e $elt it( in t(e

ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s T(e onl, re"ire*ents o' t(e l re: 819 t(t t(einstr"*ent )e %resente$ to t(e co"rt ), t(e intereste$ %rt, to!et(er it( *otiont(t t(e s*e )e consi$ere$ in reltion it( t(e %%lictionK n$ 829 t(t %riornotice )e !i.en to t(e %rties to t(e cse An$ t(e %ec"lir 'cts n$ circ"*stnceso)tinin! in t(is cse s(o t(t t(ese re"ire*ents (.e )een co*%lie$ it( in t(iscse

32 Director of (,s vs CA 276 SCRA 2767/28/1))7 Chu! Christi, E-u,

Fcts:

Pri.te res%on$ent &le$ %etition 'or ori!inl re!istrtion o' (is title "n$er PD o1527 T(e =n$ /e!istrtion Co"rt $is*isse$ t(e %etition 'or non-co*%lince it(t(e *n$tor, %")liction o' notice o' initil (erin! in nes%%er o' !enerlcirc"ltion T(e Co"rt o' A%%els re.erse$ t(e r"lin! T(e CA (el$ t(t t(e%")liction in t(e @cil >#ette %ersonl notice ), *ilin! n$ %ostin! t t(e siteere s"cient to co*%l, it( t(e re"ire*ents "n$er PD o 1527

Iss"e:

;(et(er t(e %")liction in !enerl circ"ltion o' t(e notice o' (erin! is *n$tor, re"ire*ent 'or ln$ re!istrtion

el$:

es Alt(o"!( t(e l onl, re"ires notice ), %")liction in t(e @cil >#ette%")liction in nes%%er o' !enerl circ"ltion is still re"ire$ T(e reson is $"e%rocess n$ t(e relit, t(t t(e @cil >#ette is not i$el, re$ n$ circ"lte$ snes%%er n$ is o'tenti*es $el,e$


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33 Avie,to vs Alvrez &62 SCRA 434 8/20/2008Chu! Christi, E-u,

Fcts:

A$.iento lle!e$l, c"ire$ t(e %ro%ert, !inst t(e interest o' Al.re# e trce$

(is title to %erson (o )o"!(t t(e %ro%ert, 'ro* >, Al.re# lle!e$l,constr"cte$ )"il$in! in t(e s")ect %ro%ert, A$.iento &le$ cse 'or $*!es!inst Al.re# T(e /TC n$ CA r"le$ in '.or o' Al.re# A*on! ot(er '"lts o' t(eA$.iento A$.iento 'ile$ to !i.e notice to t(e res%on$ents 'or t(e re!istrtion o' t(e%ro%ert,

Iss"e:

;(et(er %")liction o' t(e notice is eno"!( to in'or* t(e res%on$ents )o"t t(ere!istrtion o' t(e %ro%ert,

el$:

o T(e %%lic)le l 'or t(e cse s Act o 476 Un$er Act o 476 %%licnts(o nts to re!ister n i*%er'ect title *"st %ro.i$e notice to t(e conti!"o"soners occ"%nts n$ t(ose knon to (.e interests in t(e %ro%ert, *on! ot(erre"ire*ents In t(is cse t(e res%on$ents (.e interests in t(e %ro%ert, n$A$.iento $*itte$ t(t notice s not %ro.i$e$ to t(e res%on$ents ence noticeo' %")liction s not eno"!( to '"l&ll t(e re"ire*ents o' ln$ re!istrtion

34 ?rci vs *ello 13 SCRA 76) Chu! Christi,E-u,

Fcts:

A rit o' %ossession o.er t(e s")ect %ro%ert, s iss"e$ in '.or o' >"#*n>rci 8Ben*in Antli F)in n$ icente9 &le$ 'or n ction o' %ro(i)ition torestrin t(e Co"rt o' First Instnce 'ro* en'orcin! t(e rit o' e+ec"tion >rcir!"e$ t(t t(e $ecision on t(e rit o' %ossession is not )in$in! "%on t(e*)ec"se t(e, ere not %rties in t(e $ecision

Iss"e:

;(et(er t(e $ecision is not )in$in! to t(e res%on$ents )ec"se t(e, ere not%rties in t(e cse

el$:

o A ln$ re!istrtion cse is %rocee$in! in re* T(e $ecision ren$ere$ is )in$in!"%on t(e (ole orl$

3& De Cstro vs rcos 26 SCRA 644 1/27/1)6) De=er! uee,ie

/es%on$ent Aki &le$ %etition )e'ore t(e CFI ctin! s c$strl co"rt 'or t(ereo%enin! o' c$strl %rocee$in!s %"rs"nt to /A o 731 /es%on$ent t(ere


35/122

so"!(t t(e re!istrtion in (is n*e 15722 s* o' ln$ Petitioner De Cstro t(en*o.e$ to inter.ene er interest is in t(e 1000 s* lle!e$l, incl"$e$ in t(e 15722s* o' ln$ s%eci&e$ in t(e res%on$ents %etition Accor$in! to t(e %etitioner t(eln$ s r$e$ in (er '.or since s(e s t(e (i!(est )i$$er in %")lic "ctionPetitioner '"ll, %i$ t(e %"rc(se %rice it( interests n$ s(e lso cli*e$ t(t s(e

($ )een %,in! t+es on t(e lot Petitioners *otion 'or inter.ention s !rnte$Petitioner %resente$ $oc"*entr, n$ testi*onil e.i$ence in s"%%ort o' (ero%%osition to t(e incl"sion o' si$ 1000 s* o' ln$ /es%on$ent "$!e r"le$ o"t%etitioners inter.ention n$ $is*isse$ (er o%%osition to t(e reo%enin! o' t(ec$strl %rocee$in!s Petitioner &le$ to otions 'or /econsi$ertion n$ )ot(*otions ere $enie$

ISSUE:

;(et(er t(e reo%enin! o' t(e c$strl cse is "ris$ictionll, tinte$ ), lck o'%")liction

E=D:

@ Sec 1 o' /A o 731 est)lis(es t(e %roce$"re 'or reo%enin! c$strl%rocee$in!s S"c( %roce$"re $oes not incl"$e %")liction eit(er %")liction is*entione$ in n, o' t(e %ro.isions o' t(e si$ l Sec 1 o' t(e si$ l *erel,sttes t(t Gt(e co*%etent Co"rt o' First Instnce "%on recei.in! s"c( %etitions(ll noti', t(e >o.ern*ent t(ro"!( t(e Solicitor >enerlH

I' %ros%ecti.e inter.enor cli*s %iece o' ln$ ), n lle!e$ ri!(t t(t (socc"rre$ %rior to t(e instit"tion o' t(e ori!inl c$strl cse %rocee$in! in re*(e is to )e $ee*e$ to (.e recei.e$ notice t(ro"!( %")liction t(erein *$e I' (isri!(ts re $eri.e$ 'ro* !o.ern*ent 'ter t(e ln$ (s )een $eclre$ %rt o' t(e%")lic $o*in ), t(e c$strl co"rt t(e notice to t(e !o.ern*ent o' reo%enin!

%etition s %ro.i$e$ ), l s(o"l$ s"ce For t(e !o.ern*ent is s"%%ose$ to tke"% t(e c"$!els 'or %")lic ln$ !rntee or t t(e .er, lest noti', t(e ltter

In s"* t(e s")ect *tter o' t(e %etition 'or reo%enin! O %rcel o' ln$ cli*e$ ),t(e res%on$ent O s lre$, e*)rce$ in t(e c$strl %rocee$in!s &le$ ), t(eDirector o' ln$s Conse"entl, t(e B!"io c$strl lre$, c"ire$ "ris$ictiono.er t(e si$ %ro%ert, T(e %etition nee$ not )e %")lis(e$ t(e "t(orit, o' t(ec$strl co"rt o.er t(e reo%enin! %rocee$in!s )elo is not i*%ire$ ), 'il"re o'%")liction

36 =lis,o vs l, 143 SCRA &02 De =er!

uee,ieFACTS:

Petitioners %"rc(se$ 2 %rcels o' ln$ 'ro* t(e '*il, o' Blncos n$s")se"entl, $eclre$ oners(i% o.er t(e ln$ 'or t+tion %"r%oses n$ took%ossession t(ereo' ), ssi!nin! cretker o.er t(e %ro%ert, (o )"ilt (is (o"set(ereon /es%on$ent C,) cli*s to )e t(e oner o' t(e %ro%ert, ), .irt"e o' $ee$ o' sle e+ec"te$ in (is n$ Bien.eni$o orie!s '.or 'ro* t(e (eirs o'


36/122

erno n$ o"ste$ t(e cretker 'ro* t(e %ro%ert, n$ constr"cte$ n %rt*entt(ereon Petitioners &le$ n ction 'or reco.er, o' %ossession o' t(e ln$ T(e co"rt$eci$e$ in '.or o' t(e %etitioner )"t on %%el t(e CA re.erse$ t(e $ecision n$$is*isse$ t(e co*%lint o' t(e %etitioner on !ro"n$s t(t t(e $escri%tion o' t(e%ro%ert, in t(e co*%lint is $iLerent 'ro* t(e s")$i.ision %ln %ro.i$e$ ), t(e

res%on$ents it( t(eir res%ecti.e re n$ )o"n$ries %%erin! to )e co*%letel,$iLerent T(e co"rt $i$ not &n$ n, co*%lince to t(e re"ire*ent o' t(e l t(tt(e %ro%ert, in $is%"te *"st )e clerl, i$enti&e$ Un$er t(e Ci.il Co$e Articles 433n$ 541 t(e ct"l %ossessor o' t(e %ro%ert, (s t(e %res"*%tion o' "st title n$(e nee$ not )e co*%elle$ to s(o or %ro.e (, (e %ossesses t(e s*e It s clert(t t(e res%on$ent is t(e c"rrent %ossessor o' t(e %ro%ert, (.in! constr"cte$ t(e%rt*ent on t(e %ro%ert, in $is%"te Contrstin! t(e e.i$ence o' t(e res%on$entn$ %etitioner t(e co"rt c(oose t(e res%on$ents e.i$ence s t(e, ere )le to%ro.i$e .icinit, %ln t(t s(os t(e ln$ %osition in reltion to t(e $oinin!%ro%erties it( knon )o"n$ries n$ ln$*rks Petitioner *erel, %resente$ sketc( %re%re$ ), Dr Blnco constit"tin! s *ere !"ess orks S")se"entl, t(eres%on$ents &le$ %etition 'or re!istrtion o' t(e %ro%ert, )e'ore t(e CFI (ic( so%%ose$ ), t(e %etitioner /es%on$ent *o.e$ 'or t(e $is*issl o' t(e o%%ositiont(t t(e s*e is )rre$ ), %rior "$!*ent o' t(e co"rt

ISSUE:

;(et(er res "$ict cn )e set "% in ln$ re!istrtion cse

E=D:

ES /es "$ict o%ertes in t(e cse t )r it( its re"isites %resent in t(e cse:V t(e 'or*er "$!*ent *"st )e &nl )V it *"st (.e )eenX ren$ere$ ), co"rt(.in! "ris$iction o' t(e s")ect *tter n$ o' t(e %rties cV it *"st )e

"$!*ent on t(e *erits n$ $V t(ere *"st )e )eteen t(e &rst n$ secon$ ctionsi$entit, o' %rties o' s")ect *tter n$ o' c"se o' ction T(e incl"sion o' %ri.teres%on$ent C,)Xs co[oner Bien.eni$o orie! Sr in t(e %%liction 'orre!istrtion $oes not res"lt in $iLerence in %rties )eteen t(e to cses @neri!(t o' co[oner is to $e'en$ in co"rt t(e interests o' t(e co[oners(i% Alt(o"!(t(e &rst ction s c%tione$ 'or t(e reco.er, o' %ossession %ossession is so"!(t)se$ on oners(i% t("s t(e ction s one in t(e nt"re o' ccion rein.i$ictori

T(e secon$ ction is 'or re!istrtion o' title (ere t(e re!istrtion is so"!(t )se$on ones oners(i% o.er t(e %ro%ert, T(e $iLerence )eteen t(e to is t(t t(e%lintiL seeks to e+cl"$e ot(er %ersons 'ro* oners(i% o.er t(e %ro%ert, in t(e &rstction (ile it seeks to e+cl"$e t(e (ole orl$ in t(e secon$ ction T(e c"se o'ction (oe.er re*ins t(e s*e T(e e*%lo,*ent o' to $iLerent ctions $oes

not llo one to esc%e !inst t(e %rinci%le o' res "$ict (ere one n$ t(es*e c"se o' ction cnnot )e liti!te$ tice Alt(o"!( t(e &rst ction sliti!te$ )e'ore co*%etent co"rt o' !enerl "ris$iction n$ t(e ot(er o.er re!istrtion co"rt is o' no si!ni&cnce since t(t )ot( co"rts s(o"l$ )e o' e"l

"ris$iction is not re"isite 'or res "$ict to %%l, For con.enience t(e SCs(o"l$ $eci$e (et(er to $is*iss t(e %%liction 'or re!istrtion or t(e o%%ositiont(ereto Bec"se t(e conRictin! cli*s o' )ot( %rties (.e )een settle$ n$


37/122

$eci$e$ ), t(e co"rt %re.io"sl, it "%(el$ t(e &nlit, o' its $ecision n$ $is*isse$t(e %etition

37 Re%u'lic vs (ee 1)7 SCRA 13 1))1 De =er!uee,ie

FACTS:

/es%on$ent &le$ )e'ore t(e /TC re!istrtion o' %rcel o' ln$ in (er '.or (ic(s o%%ose$ ), t(e Dir @' =n$s on !ro"n$s t(t res%on$ent or (er %re$ecessor[in[interest c"ire$ t(e ln$ "n$er n, reco!ni#e$ *o$e 'or c"isition o' titleK t(e,(.e not )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e notorio"s %ossession o' t(e ln$ int(e conce%t o' n oner 'or t lest 30 ,ers %rior to t(e &lin! o' %%liction n$t(e ln$ in $is%"te is %")lic $o*in )elon!in! to /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines T(eco"rt ren$ere$ "$!*ent in '.or o' res%on$ents U%on %%el ), /P it r*e$ t(eloer co"rt $ecision t("s t(is %%el to t(e S"%re*e Co"rt

/e%")lic o' t(e P(il conten$s t(t res%on$ent 'ile$ to %ro.e ), concl"si.e

e.i$ence t(t s(e (s oners(i% o' t(e ln$ ), 'ee si*%le title n$ (er testi*on,s to t(e oners(i% o' (er %re$ecessor[in[interest is sel' ser.in! 'ter cli*in! t(ts(e o)tine$ (er Dee$ o' Sle o' t(e %ro%ert, 'ro* t)n n$ Es%irit" (oo)tine$ t(eir title 'ro* t(e %re.io"s oners o' t(e ln$ Di# n$ inl"n Fro* t(eti*e o' &lin! t(e %%liction o' re!istrtion t(e res%on$ent s in %ossession o' t(eln$ 'or 13 ,ers )"t s(e so"!(t to tck (er %ossession on t(e si$ ln$ 'ro* (er%re$ecessor[in[interests (o ere in %ossession o' t(e ln$ 'or 20 ,ers Con$itions%ro.i$e$ ), Sec 4 8)9 o' Co**onelt( Act o 141 (ere one is "n$er )on&$e cli* o' c"isition o' oners(i% t(ro"!( t(eir %re$ecessor[in[interest or), t(e*sel.es (.e )een in o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossessionn$ occ"%tion o' t(e !ric"lt"rl ln$ in %")lic $o*in 'or 30 ,ers s(ll )e

entitle$ to certi&cte o' title

ISSUE:

;(et(er t(e res%on$ent is )le to %ro.i$e s"cient n$ s")stntil e.i$ence sco*%l,in! it( t(e re"ire*ent o' l 'or con&r*tion o' (er oners(i% o' t(e ln$in $is%"te

E=D:

@ T(e *ost )sic r"le in ln$ re!istrtion cses is t(t Gno %erson is entitle$ to(.e ln$ re!istere$ "n$er t(e C$strl or Torrens s,ste* "nless (e is t(e onerin 'ee si*%le o' t(e s*e e.en t(o"!( t(ere is no o%%osition %resente$ !inst

s"c( re!istrtion ), t(ir$ %ersons In or$er t(t t(e %etitioner 'or t(e re!istrtion o'(is ln$ s(ll )e %er*itte$ to (.e t(e s*e re!istere$ n$ to (.e t(e )ene&tres"ltin! 'ro* t(e certi&cte o' title t(e )"r$en is "%on (i* to s(o t(t (e is t(erel n$ )sol"te oner in 'ee si*%le E"ll, )sic is t(e r"le t(t no %")lic ln$cn )e c"ire$ ), %ri.te %ersons it(o"t n, !rnt e+%ress or i*%lie$ 'ro*!o.ern*ent A !rnt is concl"si.el, %res"*e$ ), l (en t(e cli*nt ), (i*sel'or t(ro"!( (is %re$ecessors[in[interest (s occ"%ie$ t(e ln$ o%enl, contin"o"sl,e+cl"si.el, n$ "n$er cli* o' title since 26 J"l, 174 or %rior t(ereto T(e


38/122

$octrine "%on (ic( t(ese r"les re )se$ is t(t ll ln$s ere not c"ire$ 'ro*!o.ern*ent eit(er ), %"rc(se or ), !rnt )elon! to t(e %")lic $o*in

It is inc"*)ent "%on t(e %ri.te res%on$ent to %ro.e t(t t(e lle!e$ 20 ,er or*ore %ossession o' Di# n$ inl"n (ic( s"%%ose$l, 'or*e$ %rt o' t(e 30 ,er%erio$ %rior to t(e &lin! o' t(e %%liction s o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e

notorio"s n$ in conce%t o' oners T(is )"r$en %ri.te res%on$ent 'ile$ to$isc(r!e to t(e stis'ction o' t(e co"rt T(e )re ssertion t(t Di# n$ inl"n($ )een in t(e %ossession o' t(e %ro%ert, 'or *ore t(n 20 ,ers 'o"n$ in %ri.teres%on$ents $eclrtion is (r$l, t(e Gell[ni!( incontro.erti)leH e.i$ence re"ire$in cses o' t(is nt"re Pri.te res%on$ent s(o"l$ (.e %resente$ s%eci&c 'cts t(to"l$ (.e s(on t(e nt"re o' s"c( %ossession T(e %(rse G$.erse contin"o"so%en %")lic n$ %ece'"l n$ in conce%t o' onerH ), (ic( s(e $escri)e$ (er on%ossession in reltion to t(t o' (er %re$ecessors[in[interest re *ere concl"sions o'l (ic( re"ire 'ct"l s"%%ort n$ s")stntition

Pri.te res%on$ent (.in! 'ile$ to %ro.e ), con.incin! %ositi.e %roo' t(t s(e (sco*%lie$ it( t(e re"ire*ents o' t(e l 'or con&r*tion o' (er title to t(e ln$%%lie$ 'or it s error on t(e %rt o' t(e loer co"rt to (.e !rnte$ (er%%liction

38 Re%u'lic vs S.o 1)1 SCRA 71 1))0 Di-o!Sittee 5u,ir

D@CT/IE: Un$er t(e re!lin $octrine ll ln$s not ot(erise %%erin! to )eclerl, it(in %ri.te oners(i% re %res"*e$ to )elon! to t(e stte ence it ist(t ll %%licnts in ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s (.e t(e )"r$en o' o.erco*in!t(e %res"*%tion t(t t(e ln$ t("s so"!(t to )e re!istere$ 'or*s %rt o' t(e %")lic$o*in T(e %%licnt *"st %resent co*%etent n$ %ers"si.e %roo' to

s")stntite (is cli*K (e *, not rel, on !enerl stte*ents or *ere concl"siono' l ot(er t(n 'ct"l e.i$ence o' %ossession n$ title

FACTS

In co*%ro*ise !ree*ent entere$ into )eteen $iLerent %rties in n %%liction'or re!istrtion o' lot 454 sit"te$ in t(e "nici%lit, o' Snti!o %ro.ince o'Is)el no trns'erre$ to "e. i#c, J"$!e So'ronio > S,o 8res%on$ent9%%ro.e$ n$ con&r*e$ s"c( n$ t(e title n$ oners(i% o' t(e %rties inccor$nce it( its ter*s on rc( 5 171

T(e Solicitor >enerl (s tken t(e %resent reco"rse in )i$ to (.e t(e $ecision on

rc( 5 171 nn"lle$ s )ein! %tentl, .oi$ n$ ren$ere$ in e+cess o' "ris$ictionor it( !r.e )"se o' $iscretion conten$in! t(t:

19 o e.i$ence s $$"ce$ ), t(e %rties to s"%%ort t(eir re!istrtion

29 So*e o' t(e %rties in t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent (s no "t(orit, to enterinto t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent

39 T(e co"nsel o' t(e /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines s not !i.en notice o' t(e!ree*ent to tke %rt t(erein nor t(e $ecision %%ro.in! t(e s*e


39/122

T(e res%on$ents r!"e$ t(t t(e %ro%osition o' t(e Solicitor >enerl re %re*ise$on t(e %ro%osition t(t t(e lot is %")lic ln$Accor$in! to t(e* t(e %ri.tec(rcter o' t(e ln$ is $e*onstrte$ ), t(e 'olloin! circ"*stnces:

9 T(e %ossessor, in'or*tion title o' t(e %%licnts n$ t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest

)9 T(e 'ct t(t t(e lot 454 s ne.er cli*e$ to )e %")lic ln$ ), t(e Directoro' =n$s in t(e %ro%er c$strl %rocee$in!s

c9 T(e %rer certi&ction o' t(e tionl =i)rr, %%erin! in t(e B"re" o'Arc(i.es t(t t(e %ro%ert, in "estion s re!istere$ "n$er t(e S%nis( s,ste* o'ln$ re!istrtion s %ri.te %ro%ert, one$ ), Don =i)erto B," %%licnts%re$ecessors-in-interest

$9 T(e %rocee$in!s 'or re!istrtion )ro"!(t "n$er Act 476 8Torrents Act9%res"%%oses t(t t(ere is lre$, title to )e con&r*e$ ), te( co"rt $istin!"is(in!it 'ro* %rocee$in!s "n$er t(e P")lic =n$ Act (ere t(e %res"*%tion is l,s t(t

t(e ln$ in.ol.e$ )elon!s to t(e StteISSUE

;(et(er or not t(e s")ect ln$ )elon!s to t(e res%on$ents s %rt o' t(eir %ri.te%ro%ert,

E=D?/ATI@

o T(e res%on$ents 'ile$ in s(oin! ), cler n$ con.incin! e.i$ence t(t t(e%ro%ert, in.ol.e$ s c"ire$ ), (i* or (is ncestors eit(er ), co*%osition title'ro* t(e S%nis( >o.ern*ent or ), %ossessor, in'or*tion title or n, ot(er*ens 'or t(e %ro%er c"isition o' %")lic ln$s T(e %%licnt *"st %resent

co*%etent n$ %ers"si.e %roo' to s")stntite (is cli*K (e *, not rel, on!enerl stte*ents or *ere concl"sion o' l ot(er t(n 'ct"l e.i$ence o'%ossession n$ title ence t(e %ro%ert, *"st )e (el$ to )e %rt o' t(e %")lic$o*in

T( %rinci%l $oc"*ent relie$ "%on n$ %resente$ ), t(e %%licnt to %ro.e t(e%ri.te c(rcter o' t(e ln$ s %(otoco%, o' certi&ction o' t(e tionl=i)rr, to t(e eLect t(t t(e %ro%ert, in "estion s re!istere$ "n$er t(e S%nis(S,ste* o' ln$ re!istrtion s %ri.te %ro%ert, o' Don =i)erto B," B"t t(eco"rt r"le$ t(t S%nis( $oc"*ent cnnot )e consi$ere$ title to %ro%ert, it not)ein! one o' t(e !rnts *$e $"rin! t(e S%nis( re!i*e n$ o).io"sl, notconstit"tin! %ri*r, e.i$ence o' oners(i%

T(e r!"*ent t(t t(e initition o' n %%liction 'or re!istrtion o' ln$ "n$er t(eTorrens Act is %roo' t(t t(e ln$ is o' %ri.te oners(i% cnnot )e !i.en *erit It is%recisel, t(e c(rcter o' t(e ln$ s %ri.te (ic( t(e %%licnt (s t(e o)li!tiono' est)lis(in! In t(e )sence o' n, $.erse cli* to s(o %ro%er title 'orre!istrtion t(e %%licnt is not ss"re$ o' '.or)le $ecree ), t(e =n$/e!istrtion Act 476


40/122

F"rt(er t(e $ecision o' t(e /e!istrtion Co"rt is )se$ solel, on t(e co*%ro*ise!ree*ent o' t(e %rtiesT(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent incl"$e$ %ri.te %ersons (o($ not $$"ce$ n, co*%etent e.i$ence o' t(eir oners(i% o.er t(e ln$ s")ecto' t(e re!istrtion %rocee$in! ;(t s $one s to consi$er t(e co*%ro*ise!ree*ent s %roo' o' title o' t(e %rties tkin! %rt t(erein totll, "ncce%t)le

%ro%ositionAs to t(e In'or*cion %osesori in.oke$ ), t(e res%on$ents it re"ires con$itions"c( s inscri%tion in t(e /e!istr, o' Pro%ert, n$ ct"l %")lic $.erse n$"ninterr"%te$ %ossession o' t(e ln$ 'or 20 ,ers to )e consi$ere$ *o$e toc"ire %")lic ln$s T(e %roo' o' '"l&ll*ent o' t(ese con$itions re )sent (encecnnot )e consi$ere$ s n,t(in! *ore t(n %ri* 'cie e.i$ence o' %ossession

Un$er t(e re!lin $octrine ll ln$s not ot(erise %%erin! to )e clerl, it(in%ri.te oners(i% re %res"*e$ to )elon! to t(e stte ence it is t(t ll%%licnts in ln$ re!istrtion %rocee$in!s (.e t(e )"r$en o' o.erco*in! t(e%res"*%tion t(t t(e ln$ t("s so"!(t to )e re!istere$ 'or*s %rt o' t(e %")lic$o*in

It t("s %%ers t(t t(e co*%ro*ise !ree*ent n$ t(e "$!*ent %%ro.in! it*"st )e s t(e, re (ere), $eclre$ n"ll n$ .oi$ n$ set si$e

3) ,g vs Re%u'lic &48 SCRA 160 3/12/2008Di-o! Sittee 5u,ir

D@CT/IE?S:

\ A%%licnts 'or re!istrtion o' title *"st %ro.e t(e 'olloin!:

19 T(t t(e s")ect ln$ 'or*s %rt o' t(e $is%os)le n$ lien)le ln$s o' t(e

%")lic $o*in29 T(t t(e, (.e )een in n o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s%ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e s*e "n$er )on &$e cli* o' oners(i% since

J"ne 12 1745

\ T(e l re"ires %ossession n$ occ"%tion to c"ire title to lien)le ln$so' %")lic $o*in @cc"%tion ser.es to (i!(li!(t t(e 'ct t(t 'or n %%licnt to"li', (is %ossession *"st not )e *ere &ction Act"l %ossession o' ln$consists in t(e *ni'esttion o' cts o' $o*inion o.er it o' s"c( nt"re s %rt,o"l$ nt"rll, e+rcise o.er (i on %ro%ert,

FACTS

Petitioner C(rles = @n! in (is )e(l' n$ s $"l, re%resentti.e o' t(e )rot(ers/o)erto Al)erto n$ Cesr &les n$ A%%liction 'or /e!istrtion o' Title o.er lotsit"te$ in Br!, Anoli$ n!l$n Pn!sinn T(e, lle!e$ t(t t(e, re t(e co-oners o' t(e lot n$ n e+cl"si.e %ro%ert, %"rc(se$ 'ro* s%o"ses Ton, B"tistn$ Alici ill*il on A"!"st 24 177 T(t t(e, n$ t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest(.e )een in n o%en contin"o"s n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e s")ect lot in t(econce%t o' oners 'or *ore t(n t(irt, 8309 ,ers


41/122

T(e @ce o' t(e Solicitor !enerl o%%ose$ t(e %%liction conten$in! t(t t(e%%licnts nor t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in n o%en contin"o"se+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e s")ect lot s re"ire$ ),t(e Section 48)9 o' Co**onelt( Act o 141 s *en$e$ ), Presi$entilDecree 8PD9 o 103 Also t(e %%licnts 'ile$ to $$"ce n, *"ni*ent o' title to

%ro.e t(eir cli*sK t(t t(e t+ $eclrtion %%en$e$ to t(e %%liction $oes not%%er !en"ine n$ *erel, s(os %reten$e$ %ossession o' recent .int!eK t(t t(e%%liction s &le$ )e,on$ t(e %erio$ lloe$ "n$er PD o 72 n$ t(t t(es")ect lot is %rt o' t(e %")lic $o*in (ic( cnnot )e t(e s")ect o' %ri.te%%ro%rition

T(e tril co"rt ren$ere$ $ecision in '.or o' t(e %etitioner n$ (is )rot(ers In n%%el to t(e s"%re*e co"rt t(e $ecision s re.erse$ n$ set si$e T(e CAr"lee$ t(t $es%ite t(e ln$ )ein! o' %")lic $o*in it is %rt o' t(ose $is%os)len$ lien)le ln$s n$ is inc"*)ent "%on t(e %%licnt to %ro.e t(t t(e,%ossesse$ t(e lot in t(e nt"re n$ 'or t(e $"rtion re"ire$ ), l oe.er%etitioner 'ile$ to %ro.e t(t (e or (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in

$.erse %ossession o' t(e lot in t(e conce%t o' oner since J"ne 12 1745 It slso note$ t(t t(e erliest t+ $eclrtion %resente$ is $te$ 171 ence co"l$not 'irl, cli* %osession o' t(e ln$ %rior to 171 eit(er t(e, cn %ro.e t(t t(e,ct"ll, occ"%ie$ t(e lot %rior to t(e &lin! o' t(e %%liction

ISSUE

;(et(er or not @n! n$ (is )rot(ers n$ t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een inn o%en contin"o"s n$ notorio"s n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e s")ect lot in t(econce%t o' oners 'or *ore t(n t(irt, 8309 ,ers

E=D?/ATI@

o Petitioner 'ile$ to %ro.e t(t (e n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een inn o%en contin"o"s n$ notorio"s n$ %ece'"l %ossession o' t(e s")ect lot since

J"ne 12 1745 T(e recor$s s(os t(t %etitioners )o"!(t t(e lot 'ro* s%o"ses Ton,B"tist )$ Alici ill*il on A"!"st 24 177 (o in t"rn %"rc(se$ t(e s*e'ro* s%o"ses Teo&lo A)eller on Jn"r, 16 177 T(e ltter )o"!(t t(e s")ect lot'ro* C,nt(i cc(o et l on J"l, 10 177 T(e erliest t+ $eclrtion s")*itte$s iss"e$ in 171 in t(e n*e o' o' s%o"ses Cc(o I' to tck t(e %etitioners cli*o' oners(i% it( (is %re$ecessors in 171 still it o"l$ 'll s(ort o' t(e re"ire$%ossession 'ro* J"ne 12 1745

oreo.er %etitioners e.i$ence 'ile$ to est)lis( s%eci&c cts o' oners(i% tos")stntite t(e cli* t(t (e n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest %ossesse$ n$occ"%ie$ t(e s")ect lot in t(e nt"re n$ $"rtion re"ire$ ), l Petitioners$*itte$ t(t none o' t(e* occ"%ie$ t(e s")ect lot o i*%ro.e*ents ere *$et(ereon n$ t(e *ost t(t t(e, $i$ s to .isit t(e lot on se.erl occsions Ton,B"tist %etitioners %re$ecessor-in-interest lso testi&e$ t(t t(e, lso ne.erct"ll, occ"%ie$ t(e lot

As (el$ in /e%")lic .s Alcon): G t(e l s%eks o' %ossession n$ occ"%tionSince t(ese or$s re se%rte$ ), t(e con"nction n$ t(e cler intention o' t(e


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l is not to *ke one s,non,*o"s it( t(e ot(er Possession is )ro$er t(nocc"%tion )ec"se it incl"$es constr"cti.e %ossession ;(en t(ere'ore t(e l$$s t(e or$ occ"%tion it seeks to $eli*it t(e ll enco*%ssin! eLect o'constr"cti.e %ossession Tken to!et(er it( t(e or$s o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.en$ notorio"s t(e or$ occ"%tion ser.es to (i!(li!(t t(e 'ct t(t 'or n %%licnt

to "li', (is %ossession *"st not )e *ere &ction Act"l %ossession o' ln$consists in t(e *ni'esttion o' cts o' $o*inion o.er it o' s"c( nt"re s %rt,o"l$ nt"rll, e+ercise o.er (is on %ro%ert,

40 Re%u'lic vs ?ui,to Al, 17&&78 8/11/2010Di-o! Sittee 5u,ir

D@CT/IE:

\ ;(ile t(e )est e.i$ence to i$enti', %iece o' ln$ 'or re!istrtion %"r%oses iste( ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln iss"e$ ), t(e B"re" o' =n$s 8no t(e ln$n!e*ent ser.ices o' DEB/9 )l"e%rint co%ies n$ ot(er e.i$ence co"l$ lso

%ro.i$e s"cient i$enti&ction\ A%%liction 'or re!istrtion re"ires te( est)lis(*ent o' e.i$ence t(t te(%%licnt n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e e+ercise$ cts o' $o*inion o.er t(elot "n$er t(e )on&$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 or erlier e *"st%ro.e t(t 'or t lest 30 ,ers (e n$ (is %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in no%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$ occ"%tion o' t(e ln$

\ T+ $eclrtions n$ relt, t+ %,*ents constit"te t lest %ro' t(t (ol$er(s cli* o' title o.er t(e %ro%ert, 'or no one in (is ri!(t *in$ o"l$ )e %,in!t+es 'or %ro%ert, t(t is not in (is ct"l or t lest constr"cti.e %ossession Itnno"nces (is $.erse cli* !inst ll ot(er %rties (o *, (.e conRict it(

(is interestFACTS

/es%on$ents >"into-Al$n &le$ it( t(e /TC o' =s Pins Cit, n %%liction 'orre!istrtion o' title o.er teo %ieces o' ln$ in tln!o P*%lon Uno =s Pins Cit,

T(e, %ro'esse$ t(e*sel.es to )e co-oners o' t(ese lots (.in! c"ire$ t(e* ),s"ccesssion 'ro* t(eir %re$ecessors 8%rents o' t(e res%on$ents9 (o in t"rn ($c"ire$ t(e %ro%ert, "n$er 1767 $oc"*ents $eno*inte$ s Gs"ltn sP!((ri n! ="% n =)s s "k"*n n *, P!%%r, t Bili(nH Un$ert(is $oc"*ent t(e %rents o' t(e res%on$ent c"ire$ s"c( in 'or consi$ertion in(is res%ecti.e s(re 'ro* /o*"l$o >"into T(e, lso lle!e$ t(t "ntil t(e ti*e o'

t(e %%liction t(e, n$ t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e )een in n ct"lo%en %ece'"l $.erse e+cl"si.e n$ contin"o"s %ossession o' t(ese lots in t(econce%t o' oner n$ t(t t(e, ($ consistentl, $eclre$ t(e %ro%ert, in t(eirn*e 'or %"r%oses o' rel estte t+tion

In s"%%ort o' t(eir %%liction res%on$ents s")*itte$ t(e )l"e%rint o' %lns ell sco%ies o' t(e Tec(nicl $escri%tions o' ec( lot certi&ction 'ro* t(e !eo$eticen!ineer n$ t(e %ertinent t+ $eclrtions to!et(er it( t(e recei%ts o' %,*entt(ere'or T(e, .erre$ t(t t(e %ro%ert,s ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln ($ %re.io"sl,


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)een s")*itte$ to t(e /TC o' =s Pins on %re.io"s re!istrtion cse in n =/Ccse o =P -125

@%%osin! t(e %%liction Petitioner t(ro"!( t(e @ce o' t(e Cit, Prosec"tor$.nce$ t(t t(e ln$ so"!(t to )e re!istere$ ere inlien)le ln$s o' t(e %")lic$o*inK t(t neit(er o' t(e res%on$ents nor t(eir %re$ecessors-in-interest ($ )een

in %rior %ossession t(ereo'K n$ t(t t(e *"ni*ent o' title n$ t(e t+ $eclrtions")*itte$ to t(e co"rt $i$ not constit"te co*%etent n$ s"cient e.i$ence o' )on&$e c"isition or o' %rior %ossession in t(e conce%t o' oner

Petitioner ]eni$ >"into-Al$nin (er testi*on, $eclre$ t(t t(e s")ect ln$s one$ ), (er '*il, since s(e s 5 ,ers o' !e n$ (er !rn$%rents ($li.e$ in t(e lots "ntil te( $et( o' (er !rn$*ot(er in 1761 T(t si$e 'ro* (er!rn$%rents t(ere re cretkers (o ($ tille$ t(e ln$ n$ (o ($ li.e$ "ntilso*eti*e )eteen 170-1770 S(e re*e*)ere$ t(t (er !rn$*ot(er constr"cte$ (o"se on t(e %ro%ert, T(t so*eti*e on 170 (er '*il, )"ilt n $o)e 'encero"n$ t(e %eri*eter n$ on 1770s t(e, rein'orce$ it it( (ollo )locks n$concrete 'ter n in"n$tion c"se$ ), t(e Roo$ S(e cli*e$ t(t s(e n$ (er't(er ($ )een reli!io"sl, %,in! rel estte t+es s(on in t(e t+ $eclrtionsn$ t+ recei%ts s")*itte$ to t(e co"rt ]eni$s cli* or %rior o%en e+cl"si.en$ contin"o"s %ossession o' t(e ln$ s corro)orte$ ), Jose&n ="n one o' t(e$oinin! lot oner (o stron!l, $eclre$ t(t ]eni$s %rents re t(e oner o't(e ln$ ($ not o' (er knole$!e t(t s(e c*e to kno o' n, ot(er cli*

T(e /e!ionl Tril Co"rt on J"l, 10 2003 ren$ere$ $ecision $en,in! t(e%%liction 'or re!istrtion It 'o"n$ t(t res%on$ents 'ile$ to est)lis( it(certint, t(e i$entit, o' t(e lots %%lie$ 'or re!istrtion )ec"se o' 'il"re to s")*itto t(e co"rt t(e ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln s *n$te$ ), t(e Presi$entil Decreeno 1527

U%on %%el t(e CA re.erse$ t(e $ecision o' t(e /TC In t(e %etition to t(e SCPetitioner .ers t(t t(e CA co**itte$ n error s Section 1 o' PD o 1527 sttest(t t(e s")*ission in co"rt o' t(e ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln o' t(e %ro%ert, so"!(tto )e re!istere$ is *n$tor, re"ire*ent in re!istrtion %rocee$in!s in or$er toest)lis( t(e e+ct i$entit, o' t(e %ro%ert, In.okin! Del /osrio .s /e%")lic o' t(eP(ili%%ines %etitioner )elie.es t(t res%on$ents re not relie.e$ o' t(eir %roce$"rlo)li!tion to $$"ce in e.i$ence t(e ori!inl co%, o' t(e %ln )ec"se t(e, co"l$(.e esil, retrie.e$ it 'ro* t(e =/A n$ %resente$ it in co"rt It s"!!ests t(t t(e)l"e%rint s")*itte$ cnnot )e n %%ro+i*te s")stntil co*%lince o' t(eSection 1 o' PD no 1527 n$ is ille!i)le $ "nre$)le 'or it $oes not e.en )ert(e certi&ction o' t(e ln$s n!e*ent B"re" F"rt(er it lso ttcks cli* o'

t(e res%on$ents %rior %ossession s t(ere s no cler n$ con.incin! e.i$ence tos(o %roo'

ISSUE

19 ;(et(er or not )l"e %rint tec(nicl s%eci&ctions n$ t+ $eclrtion n$rel estte %,*ents re s"cient e.i$ence to %ro.i$e i$enti&ction o' t(e s")ectln$ cli*e$ o' oners(i% in co*%lince o' t(e Section 1 o' PD 1527


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29 ;(et(er or not t(e res%on$ents (s e+ercise$ cts o' $o*inions o.er t(eln$ "n$er )on&$e cli* o' oners(i% since J"ne 12 1745 or erlier

E=D?/ATI@

19 es I' t(e reson 'or re"irin! n %%licnt to $$"ce in e.i$ence t(e ori!inl

trcin! clot( %ln is *erel, to %ro.i$e con.enient n$ necessr, *ens to Lor$certint, s to t(e e+ct i$entit, o' t(e %ro%ert, %%lie$ 'or re!istrtion n$ toens"re t(t t(e s*e $oes not o.erl% it( t(e )o"n$ries o' t(e $oinin! lotst(ere stn$s to )e no reson (, re!istrtion %%liction *"st )e $enie$ 'or'il"re to %resent t(e ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln es%ecill, (en it is cco*%nie$), %ieces o' e.i$ence- s"c( s $"l, e+ec"te$ )l"e%rint o' t(e s"r.e, %ln n$ $"l, e+ec"te$ tec(nicl $escri%tion o' t(e %ro%ert, (ic( *, likeise s")stntill,n$ it( s *"c( certint, %ro.e t(e li*its n$ e+tent o' t(e %ro%ert, so"!(t to )ere!istere$

As li$ $on in t(e $octrinl %rece%t li$ $on in t(e re%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines CA n$ in t(e lter cses o' s%o"ses /ecto .s /e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines n$

/e%")lic o' t(e P(ili%%ines .s ")ill t(t (ile t(e )est e.i$ence to i$enti', %iece o' ln$ 'or re!istrtion %"r%oses is t(e ori!inl trcin! clot( %ln)l"e%rint co%ies n$ ot(er e.i$ence co"l$ lso %ro.i$e s"cient i$enti&ction

T(ereit( t(e s")*ission o' t(e res%on$ents o' t(e )l"e%rint %ln to!et(erit( t(e tec(nicl $escri%tion o' t(e %ro%ert, o%ertes s s")stntil co*%linceit( t(e le!l re"ire*ents o' t(e l It s note$ t(t t(e )l"e%rints")*itte$ %rocee$e$ ocill, 'ro* t(e =n$ n!e*ent ser.ices n$)ers t(e %%ro.l o' S"r.e,s $i.ision C(ie' n$ s en$orse$ ), t(eCo**"nit, En.iron*ent n$ t"rl reso"rces @ce o' t(e DE/ T(iscco*%nie$ ), t(e tec(nicl $escri%tions o' t(e lot e+ec"te$ n$ .eri&e$ lso), t(e >eo$etic En!ineer

29 es /es%on$ents ($ est)lis(e$ e.i$ence t(t s(e n$ (er %re$ecessors-in-interest (.e e+ercise$ cts o' $o*inion o.er t(e ln$ co*%l,in! t(e n"*)er o'*ore t(n 30 ,ers in n o%en contin"o"s e+cl"si.e n$ notorio"s %ossession n$occ"%tion o' t(e ln$

Fro* t(e recor$s %ossession o' t(e res%on$ents o' t(e si$ ln$ $tes )ck to173 n$ ($ )een $eclre$ 'or t+tion ), ]eni$s 't(er S"c( $eclrtion 'ort+ %"r%oses contin"es "% to 177 175 t(en to 1774 T(e res%on$ents co"l$ (.eser.e$ '"rt(er %roo' o' $eclrtions i' not 'or t(e &le$ )ein! )"rne$ s certi&e$ ),t(e @ce o' t(e /i#l Pr

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