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Low Volume Sample Introduction to
ICP-MS with the MVX-7100 µL
Workstation
MVX-7100 µL Workstation
Webinar Agenda
• What is the MVX-7100 µL Workstation? What can it do?
Webinar Agenda
• What is the MVX-7100 µL Workstation? What can it do?
• Why did we develop this automation? Why use this system?
Webinar Agenda
• What is the MVX-7100 µL Workstation? What can it do?
• Why did we develop this automation? Why use this system?
• Hardware tour, features and function
Webinar Agenda
• What is the MVX-7100 µL Workstation? What can it do?
• Why did we develop this automation? Why use this system?
• Hardware tour, features and function
• Generating more data from limited sample
Webinar Agenda
• What is the MVX-7100 µL Workstation? What can it do?
• Why did we develop this automation? Why use this system?
• Hardware tour, features and function
• Generating more data from limited sample
• Advantages of introducing lower sample volumes
Webinar Agenda
• What is the MVX-7100 µL Workstation? What can it do?
• Why did we develop this automation? Why use this system?
• Hardware tour, features and function
• Generating more data from limited sample
• Advantages of introducing lower sample volumes
• Applications and examples
1. What is the MVX-7100 µL
Workstation? What can it
do?
What is the MVX-7100? What can it do?
• An advanced automation platform for ICP-MS
• Sample introduction:
• Low volumes (10’s or 100’s of µL)
• ‘Sub optimal’ volumes (1 to 2 mL)
• Approx. 5 µL to 1 mL sampling range
• 5 µL min-1 to > 10 mL min-1 introduction flow rate
What is the MVX-7100? What can it do?
• Configurable automation to support sample introduction to ICP-MS
• Sample homogenization
• Temperature control
• Septum piercing capable
• Well plate compatible
• Additional modules
• Configurable rinsing
2. Why did we develop the
MVX-7100 µL Workstation?
Why use this system?
Why did we develop the MVX-7100 µL Workstation?• The Problem:
• “What can I do with a sample of small volume or mass containing elements already at trace levels?”
• The Solution?• Sample digestion/dilution? Loss of sensitivity
• Low flow rate nebulization? Self aspiration may not be suitable
• Automation? Limited options available in non-metallic form
Why did we develop the MVX-7100 µL Workstation?• Review paper by Todoli & Mermet (2006) as well as other papers
‘many fields in which the available sample volume is the limiting factor in elemental analysis’
Sample Type Amount Available
Cells 20 mL
Suspended Nanoparticles 100 mL
Brain 1 mg
Metalloproteins 50 mL
Dust 5 mg
Why did we develop the MVX-7100 µL Workstation?
Sample Working Volume Range
1.5 mL to > 50 mL
Why did we develop the MVX-7100 µL Workstation?
Sample Working Volume Range
1.5 mL to > 50 mL
Co
mp
rom
ise?
Why did we develop the MVX-7100 µL Workstation?
Sample Working Volume Range
Approx. 5 µL to > 1 mL 1.5 mL to > 50 mL
Co
mp
rom
ise?
Why use the MVX-7100 µL Workstation?
• Low or ‘Sub optimal’ sample volume• Limited sample available
• Precious or costly samples
• Repeat analysis on limited volume
• Intentional reduction of sample volume• Reduce volume of expensive reagents
• Reduce waste generated
• Reduce sample cone matrix exposure
Why use the MVX-7100 µL Workstation?
• Alternative to standard automation tubing• No soft peristaltic pump tubing for introduction
• Compatible with challenging/concentrated reagents• e.g. NMP and xylene
• Septum piercing capability• Quartz/PEEK sample needle
• Sealed vials limit evaporation
• Analysis of volatile samples
3. Hardware tour, features and
function
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
Main automation:
• ASX-7100 autosampler
• Accurate and precise XYZ movement• 384 well plate accuracy
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
Valve Syringe Module:
• Responsible for sample uptake
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
Valve Syringe Module:
• Responsible for sample uptake
• Syringe pump controls uptake of sample aliquot/positioning on sample loop
• 6 port switching valve
• Metal free flow path• Quartz, PEEK, CTFE, PFA
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
Syringe Pump Module:
• Replaces a peristaltic pump for sample introduction
• Syringe pump pushes sample out of sample loop to a nebulizer
• Metal free flow path• Quartz, PEEK, CTFE, PFA
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
Sample Rack Options:
• 1.5 mL HPLC vials (VT54)
• 96 well plates (various capacities)
• 384 well plates
• Microcentrifuge tubes
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
Sample Rack Options:
• Optional peltier rack module for temperature control• 4°C to 40°C
• Cooling to minimize sample evaporation or stabilize volatile matrices/analytes
• Heating for incubation or prevent solidification
• Software controlled
MVX-7100 µL Workstation Hardware Tour
Dual Rinse Station:
• Primary and secondary rinsing
• Rinsing with different reagents
How Does Sample Introduction Work?
Sample Loading
1. Aliquot uptake
2. Loop positioning
How Does Sample Introduction Work?
Sample Injection
1. Introduction
2. Rinse processes
The MVX-7100 µL Workstation and NebuliserCompatibility• Compatible with most nebuliser types
• 5 µL min-1 to > 10 mL min-1 flow rate compatible
• Total consumption to ‘standard’ nebulisation
C-Flow PFA Nebuliser
DS-5 Total Consumption Nebuliser
4. Generating more data from
limited sample volume
Three areas of interest for low volume introduction
• Overcome the introduction of limited sample volume or mass
• Generate more/optimum/superior data from limited sample volume/mass
• Overcome the challenges posed by some sample matrices
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
Three areas of interest for low volume introduction
• Overcome the introduction of limited sample volume or mass
• Generate more/optimum/superior data from limited sample volume/mass
• Overcome the challenges posed by some sample matrices
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
Question:
• What can I do with this low volume?
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
Question:
• What can I do with this low volume?
Instead…
Question:
• What do I want to achieve from this low volume?
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
Start with the question of measurement time
• What data do I want from my sample?
• Size of the analyte suite?
• Number of replicate measurements?
• Number of gas modes required (quadrupole ICP-MS)
• Do I want to repeat the analysis of the same sample?
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
Start with the question of measurement time
• What data do I want from my sample?
• Size of the analyte suite?
• Number of replicate measurements?
• Number of gas modes required (quadrupole ICP-MS)
• Do I want to repeat the analysis of the same sample?
≈ Measurement Time Required
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
From the desired measurement time and the sample volume establish the required flow rate
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
Sample Volume (µL)
Introduction Flow Rate(µL min-1)
≈ Measurement Time (min)
Example: 100 µL (@200 µL min-1)
• Multi-element standard (1 ppb)
• ‘Standard’ 400 µL min-1 concentric nebulizer
21 s
Example: 100 µL (@150 µL min-1)
31 s
• Multi-element standard (1 ppb)
• ‘Standard’ 400 µL min-1 concentric nebulizer
Example: 100 µL (@100 µL min-1)
• Multi-element standard (1 ppb)
• ‘Standard’ 400 µL min-1 concentric nebulizer
48 s
Example: 100 µL (@75 µL min-1)
• Multi-element standard (1 ppb)
• ‘Standard’ 400 µL min-1 concentric nebulizer
64 s
Example: 100 µL (@50 µL min-1)
• Multi-element standard (1 ppb)
• ‘Standard’ 400 µL min-1 concentric nebulizer
103 s
5. The advantages of
introducing lower sample volumes
Overcome some of the challenges of some sample matrices
• Examples: sea water, petrochemicals
• Improved limits of detection
• Minimised matrix effects (e.g. signal suppression)
• Improved analytical batch robustness
• Waste and cost reduction
• Safety improvements
Low Sample Volumes: A Challenge or an Opportunity?
6. Applications and examples
Biological/Clinical Analysis
Common Clinical/Biological Samples
• Bloods/serum and blood spots• Some legal limitations in place
• Urines
• Tissue biopsy• Limited material taken
• Cerebrospinal fluid• Limited volume
• Cells (single cell analysis)• Separate webinar
Geological/Geochemical Analysis
Isotope Ratio Analysis with MC-ICP-MS
• Low sample volume and low flow rate introduction
• Superior isotope ratio precision
• Less sample volume used
• Less waste generated
• Faster sample throughput
• Also applicable to nuclear analysis
Low-volume precision shows ~56%
improvement and is more repeatable
L. Banks and M. Horstwood, British
Geological Survey, UK
Low mass solid samples can be digested in low volume solutions
• Applicable to studies involving micro-drilling
• Growth bands (shells, speleothems)
Example (BGS and University of Bangor, UK)
• Whelk shell global warming study
• Growth bands provided data as to elements in immediate environment at different conditions
Micro-Drilling and Sample Dissolution
Petrochemicals and Solvent Based Analysis
Solvent Based Applications
Organic solvent based samples offer significant analytical challenges:
• Carbon deposition on ICP-MS sample cones
• Peristaltic pump tubing degradation
• Sample evaporation and losses
• Signal stability issues
Solvent Based Applications
MVX-7100 µL Workstation addresses these challenges:
• Low sample volume introduction • less carbon deposition on sample cones
• No peristaltic pump• PFA tubing is used for all sample introduction
• Sealed vials, septum piercing and temperature control• inhibits sample evaporation
• Less organic matrix in the plasma at any point in time• µL min-1 , not mL min-1
• Improved signal stability
Solvent Based ApplicationsExamples:
• Undiluted N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) matricesSemiconductor industry solvent
• Undiluted Xylene matrices• Petrochemicals (e.g. crude oils)• Biodiesels
• ASTM 8110-17• ICP-MS analysis of distillate products
Additional Applications
• Pharmaceutical Industry• Limited sample volume (cost) in R&D
• DMSO needs temperature control
• Nuclear Industry• Lower sample volume equals lower level of exposure to
radioactive materials
• Reduction of sample waste• Reduced waste costs, improved safety
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
• Agilent Technologies
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Lewis Banks and Matt Horstwood (British Geological Survey
• Public Health England
