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Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics

Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

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Page 1: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics

Page 2: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0
Page 3: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0
Page 4: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0
Page 5: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

Relevant Low Temperature Techniques

Page 6: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0
Page 7: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

4He Phase Diagram

Page 8: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0
Page 9: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

He II: Superfluid

Bose-Einstein condensate

frictionless fluid

Page 10: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0
Page 11: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

Cryostats

Page 12: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

Evaporative Cooling

Page 13: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0
Page 14: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

Dilution Refrigeration

Page 15: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

Dilution Refrigeration

reaches temperature ~ few mK

Page 16: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

Dilution Refrigeration: Working Principle

Page 17: Low Temperature Methods in Mesoscopic Physics · Magnetic refrigeration 1 900 1 920 Year Nuclear Magnetic Refrigeration 1940 1960 1 1860 1880 2000 . He Liquid He n The critical 2.0

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