Life Span

Chapter 8Preschool

Preschool

• Age–3-6yrs

Height & Weight

• Height–2 ½ inches / year

• Weight–6 pounds / year

Body proportions

• Subcutaneous tissue –i

• Adipose tissue–i

• Trunk growth ___ extremity growth–<

Muscle & Bone Development

• 75% of weight gain due to –Muscle growth

Muscles & Bone Development

• Hips rotate –Inward –Adduction of the foot

Muscle & Bone Development

• Long bones –Red marrow – Yellow marrow

• Flat bones –Red marrow • Skull, Sternum, Pelvis

–Blood cell production

Teeth

• Tooth decay• Plaque• Dental visits–Q 6 months

Sensory Development

• Vision–20/20–By age 5• Depth perception • Color

• Hearing– Ear infections

Vital Signs

• Pulse–90-100 / minute

• Resp–22-25 / min

• BP–100 / 60

Gross motor

• 4 yrs– Walking / running • Tip toes

– Hop & balance • One foot

– Stairs• Alternating feet

– Climb & jump– Tricycle– Catch a ball with arms

• 5 yrs– h Coordination – Jump rope– Skip– Balance beam– Catch a ball with hands– Sports

Fine motor

• Self-care–Front /back–Spoon / fork–Toiletting

• Draw• Scissors• Printing name

Sexual Development

• Genital awareness• Strong attachment to parent of– Opposite sex

• Masturbation

Psychosocial development: Initiative

• Explore!• Pretending

Psychosocial development: Discipline

• Set limits• Discipline teaches –Impulse control

• Explore feelings

Psychosocial development:

• Jealousy–Affection–Attention–Recognition

Preschool education

• Purpose?–Cognitive –Motor–Social

According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development is a pre-school age child?

A. AnalyticalB. Pre-conventionalC. SensorimotorD. ConventionalE. Pre-operational

Cognitive development

• Centration– Single focus

• (person with a mask)

Cognitive development

• Centration• Lack reversibility– How 2 actions relate

Cognitive development

• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning

– 2 simultaneous events one caused the other

Cognitive development

• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning

Cognitive development

• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning• Animism

– Objects have human feeling & intentions

• (Grandma T’s microwave)

Cognitive development

• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning• Animism• Intuitive thought

– Believe without knowing why

Cognitive development

• Centration• Lack reversibility• Transductive reasoning• Symbolic functioning• Animism• Intuitive thought• No class inclusion

– Can not see an object as belonging to 2 groups

Cognitive development

• Language & Memory• Egocentric

– Share– Take turn– Follow rules

• Creative • Increased attention span

Communication

• 4 yrs–4 word sentences–Who, what, where–Nouns, verbs & adjectives

• 5 yrs–5+ word sentences–2,000+ word vocabulary

Nutrition

• Caloric intake–1,800 cal /day

Sleep and Rest

• 10-12 hours / night• Nap– 1 a day (if)– 30 – 60 minutes

• Nightmares

Play

• Cooperative / associative play– Follow rules– Share– Take turns

• Symbolic play continues• Audience• Imagination• Imaginary friends

Play

• Building confidence

Play

• Imagination

Play

• T.V.

Safety

• Car seats

Safety

• Water safety

Safety

• Stranger Danger

Health Promotion

• Booster shots–DPT• Diphtheria• Pertussis• Tetanus

– IPT• Polio vaccine

Thumb sucking

• Malalignment of the teeth

Enuresis

• Bed-wetting–Boys _____ Girls–Boys > Girls

Fears

• Dark• Mutilation• Abandonment

Handling Fears

1. Acknowledge2. Reality3. Reassure

Fear of the dark

Fear of mutilation

Fear of Abandonment

• Do NOT sneak or lie!

Safety

• Car seats• Injuries• Strangers

Thumb sucking

• Malalignment of the teeth

Bed-wetting

• Enuresis

Fears

• Dark• Mutilation• Abandonment