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Lesson 3
Lifelong nutrition
Lifelong Nutritional Needs
Everyone has different nutritional needs We all have individual nutritional preferences
and considerations (people who eat only plant-based foods will select only from those food groups.)
Several factors that affect nutritional needs: Age Gender Activity Level
Vegetarian Diets
A person who eats mostly or only plant-based foods
Several types of vegetariansVegans- strictest, eat only plant-based
foodsLacto-ovo- eat dairy foods and eggsLacto- add dairy foods to their dietOvo- include eggs in their diet
Vegetarian Diets
People choose meatless diets for many reasons: more healthful, religious, cultural, or economic reasons, prefer veggies
Advantages: plant based foods tend to be less in in saturated fats and cholesterol, high in fiber, may help reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer
Vegetarian Diets
Disadvantages: tend to be lower in nutrients such as iron, calcium, protein, iron, zinc, and some B vitamins Vitamin B12 is only found in animal based foods Some vegetarians need to take dietary
supplements – products that supply one or more nutrients as a supplement to, not a substitute for healthful foods, to obtain all nutrients
*a healthful vegetarian diet contains a variety of foods including plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole-grain foods, nuts, eggs and dairy products help vegetarians consume protein.
Health Conditions
DiabetesFood AllergiesLactose intoleranceCeliac disease (aka gluten intolerance)High Blood PressureHigh Cholesterol
Nutrition for Athletes
Athletes need a balanced diet that supplies enough nutrients to support health
When active, you need more calories to provide additional fuel
Teen athletes may need between 2,000-5,000 calories per day depending on the activity, intensity, length and frequency of training
Athletes need more protein and carbohydrates then inactive people
May need more calories in nutrient-dense foods, and foods in carbohydrates
These foods will help maintain energy and keep weight up for athletic competition.
Hydration
Teen girls: 9 cups of non caffeinated fluids a day Teen boys: 13 cups of non caffeinated fluids a day Athletes need more fluids Sweating causes you to lose fluids posing a risk for
dehydration and heatstroke. Dehydration can lead to fatigue, dizziness or light-
headedness and cramping Can lead to imbalance of electrolytes- minerals that
help maintain body’s fluid balance Sodium, chloride and potassium are all electrolytes To prevent dehydration, drink 15 min before and after
workout
Avoid Performance Enhancers
Substances that boost athletic ability Pose health risks, especially for teens It’s illegal and has been banned under the
rules of many sports organizations Best known performance enhancers:
Anabolic Steroids Androstenedione (andro) Creatine Energy Drinks
Eating Before a Competition
Provides body w/ energy it needs to get through the competition
Try eating 3-4 hours before competition so stomach is empty by the time you compete
Eat meals high in carbohydrates and low in fat and protein.
Fat and protein stay in digestive system for longer periods of time
Good foods to eat: pasta, rice, vegetables, breads and fruits
Using Supplements
Provide various combinations of vitamins, minerals, protein and fiber
Herbal supplements- dietary supplements containing plant extracts
They are no substitute for eating a variety of healthful foods
Some people may not be able to get all the nutrients they need through food alone
Supplements may also help people recovering from illness or taking medications that reduce the body’s ability to absorb certain nutrients
Concerns About Dietary Supplements
Multivitamins and mineral supplements are generally safe to use as long as you use them correctly.
Do not take supplements that provide more than 100% of the Daily Values for any nutrient
Taking megadoses ( very large amounts) of any supplement can be dangerous.
Some vitamins (A,E,D,K) can build up in the body and become toxic
Herbal supplements can be dangerous. They are believed by some to be “natural” and a safe alternative to drugs for treating certain conditions.
Using the herb ephedra, or mu huang, can lead to a heart attack or stroke. This herb was banned in 2004
Kava and comfrey have been linked to serious liver damage
Concerns About Dietary Supplements
National Institutes for Health (NIH) cautions that herbal supplements are like drugs
Aren’t regulated in the same way as food and drugs
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can take action to stop the sale of supplements that are unsafe or mislabeled
Check with health care provider before using supplement.