Changing Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy

Maternal Diet and Infant Health

Recommended weight gain 1# month 1st Trimester 1# week 2nd and 3rd Trimester Excessive > 6-7# month or <2-3# Sudden increase suggests fluid retention

Components of healthy nutrition Calorie needs: 2500 Calories Protein needs: increased Fat needs Vitamin needs: Folic Acid, Vitamin B (Neural Tube Defects)

Maternal Diet and Infant Health

Components of healthy nutritionMineral needs

Calcium and phosphorus Iodine Iron Fluoride Sodium Zinc

Maternal Diet and Infant Health

Components of healthy nutritionFluid needsFiber needsFoods to avoid

AlcoholCaffeineArtificial sweetenersWeight loss diets

Assessment: Nutritional Health

Assessment: Nutritional Health

Promoting Nutritional Health

Nutritional OutcomesFamily considerationsFinancial considerationsCultural considerations

Promoting Nutritional HealthCommon problems

Nausea and vomitingCravingsPicaPyrosis: heartburnHypercholesterolemia

Promoting Nutritional HealthSpecial needs pregnancy

AdolescentOver age 40Decreased nutritional storesUnderweightOverweightVegetarian

Nutritional Health with Special needs pregnancy

Adolescent 40 years old Decrease nutrional stores Underweight / Overweight / Obese Phenylketonuria Multiple Pregnancy Smoker / Alcohol Concurrent Health problems Too many fast-food meals Lactose intolerance Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Special needs pregnancyHyperemesis gravidarum

Severe nausea and vomiting: prolonged past 12 weeks

Severe dehydration: ketones, weight loss Increased thyroid function and HCG Usually with stress or poor coping Unable to maintain usual nutrition Therapeutic management