Meeting Nutritional Needs Elderly

7/27/2019 Meeting Nutritional Needs Elderly

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Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.Slid

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Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

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Describe methods of assessing thenutritional status and practices of older

adults. Identify the older adults who are most at

risk for problems related to nutrition andhydration.

(Cont'd)


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(Contd)

Identify selected nursing diagnosesrelated to nutritional or metabolicprocesses.

Identify interventions that will help older

persons meet their nutritional andhydration needs.


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Internal problems

Sensory changes in vision, taste, smell

Cognitive changes Weakness or activity intolerance

Loss of interest in food

Depression

External problems

Medications

Problems related to procurement of food


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Appetite changes, nutritional intake, socialand cultural factors

Nursing goals and outcomes Maintain body weight within normal limits for

height Obtain adequate nutrients to maintain healthy

tissue Identify internal and external clues that influence

eating patterns Adhere to a prescribed therapeutic diet

(Cont'd)


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(Contd)

Nursing interventions in hospital or extendedcare facility

Assess the individual carefully to determinecauses of a problem Schedule weekly weight checks Keep a dietary record Explain the importance of nutrition Determine food likes and dislikes Monitor laboratory values Assess the condition of skin, hair, nails, mucous

membranes

(Cont'd)


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(Contd) Nursing interventions in hospital or extended

care facility

Consult with dietitian Institute measures to increase or decrease

nutritional intake Complete a thorough documentation

Nursing interventions in the home Assist individual in obtaining resources Involve family in shopping, meal planning Identify senior citizen meal programs Use appropriate institutional interventions


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Chapter 17

Lesson 17.2


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adults. Identify selected nursing diagnoses

related to nutritional or metabolicproblems.

Identify interventions that will help olderpersons meet their nutrition andhydration needs.


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Risk factors Decreased thirst sensation

Decreased effectiveness of kidney at

concentrating urine Hormonal changes

Side effects of medications

Altered level of mentation

Altered levels of functional ability Fear of incontinence or pain

(Cont'd)Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

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(Contd)

Nursing goals and outcomes Manifest vital signs within normal limits

Evidence moist oral mucous membranes andgood skin turgor

Maintain a stable weight within normal limits

Exhibit balanced fluid intake and output

Report no problems related to thirst or weakness

Exhibit blood studies within normal limits


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(Contd)

Nursing goals and outcomes Verbalize an understanding of recommended

dietary and fluid intake Demonstrate behaviors necessary to maintain

appropriate fluid intake Demonstrate selection of appropriate foods and

fluids Verbalize an understanding of prescribed

medications Verbalize signs and symptoms that should be

reported to physician

(Cont'd)


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(Contd) Nursing interventions in hospital or

extended-care facility

Complete a thorough assessment Monitor vital signs Monitor intake and output Monitor laboratory values Weigh patient daily before breakfast Measure changes in girth of body parts Maintain adequate fluid intake Administer medications

(Cont'd)


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(Contd)

Nursing interventions in hospital orextended-care facility Refer to dietitian if appropriate Provide appropriate skin care

Report and document findings promptly

Nursing interventions in the home Complete a thorough assessment

Teach individual or family to monitor fluid intake

(Cont'd)


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(Contd)

Nursing interventions in the home

Promote wellness by reviewing prescribeddietary and fluid intake with individual

Explain methods of increasing or decreasing

fluid intake Discuss signs and symptoms that should be

reported to the physician

Use appropriate institutional interventions


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Caused by dysphagia or neurologicdamage

Nursing goals and outcomes Pass food from mouth to stomach without

aspiration

Maintain adequate nutrition and hydration

Maintain or achieve appropriate bodyweight


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(Contd)

Nursing interventions in hospital orextended-care facility

Assess individual to determine unique problemsand needs Consult with specialists to develop a dysphagia

program Verify dentures fit properly and maintain good

oral hygiene Position patient to facilitate swallowing Encourage rest periods before meals Allow adequate time for meals

(Cont'd)

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(Contd)


Start with small amounts of foods and thickenedfluids Place foods into unaffected or stronger side of

mouth Present foods in appealing manner Select foods based on taste, texture,

temperature, fluid content Ensure lips are closed Stimulate swallowing

(Cont'd)


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(Contd)

Nursing interventions in hospital or

extended-care facility Give frequent verbal cues

Reduce distractions

Keep suction equipment available

Provide oral hygiene Administer tube feedings

Nursing interventions in the home Use any appropriate institutional interventions


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Chapter 17

Lesson 17.3


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adults. Identify selected nursing diagnoses

related to nutritional or metabolicproblems.

Identify interventions that will help olderpersons meet their nutrition andhydration needs.


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Inhalation of solids or liquids into upperrespiratory tract

Nursing goals and outcomes

Remain free from episodes of aspiration Maintain clear, noiseless breath sounds


Position person appropriately Assess for stomach distention Avoid feeding too rapidly


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(Contd)

Nursing interventions in hospital or

extended-care facility Avoid liquids and pureed foods

Monitor respiratory sounds and rate, observeamount and type of sputum

Keep suction equipment available Consult with specialists

(Cont'd)


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(Contd)

Nursing interventions for persons receivingtube feedings Check placement of nasogastric tube Measure stomach contents before starting

feeding, then refill stomach contents

Nursing interventions in the home Explain safety precautions to individual, family,

caregiver Encourage enrollment in home safety course Use appropriate institutional interventions

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Meeting Nutritional Needs Elderly