21

Lesson 1 People and Geography

السكان والجغرافياEs-sukan wel-gogh-rafya

This lesson will introduce you to:

- Simple greetings and basic introductions in Iraqi - How to greet people in formal and informal situations in Iraqi - Personal pronouns - Possessive pronouns - How to use the verbs “to be” and “to live” in the present tense - Basic geographical names of Iraq.

PEOPLE

1. Listen to these simple greetings and phrases in Iraqi and then repeat them after the speaker. Hello. Hi mer-haba مرحباGood morning sabah el-kheir صباح الخيرGood morning (answer) sabah el-nuur النور صباحPeace be upon you es-salamu ‘aley-kum * السالم عليكمAnd peace be upon you (answer) wa ‘aley-kum es-salam * وعليكم السالمGood afternoon / Good evening masa’ el-khair مساء الخيرHow are you (masculine) shlo-nek شلونكHow are you (feminine) shlo-nitch شلونجHow are you (plural)(masculine) shlon-kum شلونكمHow are you (plural)(feminine) shlon-nitchan شلونجنThank God for your safe return ham-dil-lah ‘as-salama حمد اهللا عالسالمهMay God keep you safe (answer) allah ysalmak اهللا يسلمكGoodbye (may you be safe.) ma’aa-essalama مع السالمهWelcome (welcome; come on in) ah-len wa-sahlen أهال وسهالGood night tis-bah ‘aala khair بح على خيرتص

*Can be used at all times, formal and informal, preferably with officials, religious figures and those who are more traditional. 2. Exchange greetings with your teacher and your partner. What would you say at 7am, at 10am, at2pm at 5pm, and at 10pm?

22

3. Familiarize yourself with personal pronouns. Listen to the audio and repeat after the speaker. I anah أنهYou (masculine) in-ta إنتهYou (feminine) in-tee إنتيHe huu-wa هوShe he-yah هيWe eH-nah إحنهYou (plural) In-tum / In-tuu إنتمThey hum-ma هم

4. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat after the speaker. Read the dialogues in pairs. In the morning fil-SabaH في الصباحAli: Good morning! SabaH el-khair / SabaH el-nuur صباح النور / خير صباح الMehdi: Good morning.

SabaH el-khair / SabaH el-nuur صباح الخير/ صباح النور

During the day khi-lal el-nahar خالل النهار ‘Ali: Good afternoon! masa el-khair مساء الخير Mehdi: Good afternoon. masa el-khair مساء الخير‘Ali: How are you? shlo-nek شلونكMehdi: Fine, thank you. And you?

zeen, (El-Hamd Ellah) shukran.In-ta shlo-nek?

انت شلونك؟.الحمداهللا شكرا.زين

‘Ali: Very well. kulish zeen زينآوليش In the Evening fil Masa’ في المساءAHmed: Good evening, Bedir

masa’ el-khair, Bedir بدر مساء الخير

Bedir: Good evening. masa’ el-khair. مساء الخيرAHmed: How are you, Bedir?

shlo-nek Bedir? شلونك بدر

Bedir: Fine, thank you. And you?

zeen (el-Hamd Ellah) shukran. In-ta shlo-nek?

انت شلونك؟.الحمداهللا شكرا.زين

AHmed: Fine. Good night. zeen. tiS-baH ‘aala khair. تصبح على خير. زين.Bedir: Good night Ahmed. tiS-baH ‘aala khair Ahmed. تصبح على خير أحمد Informal Heba: Hi, FaTima. mer-Haba FaTima. مرحبا فاطمهFaTima: Hi! mer-Haba. مرحبا.Heba: How are you? shlo-nitch? شلونجFaTima: Good. And you? zeena. w-in-tee وانتي.زينهHeba: Good! zeena. زينهFaTima: Bye! ma’aa es-salama! مع السالمه

23

5. Working in pairs or in small groups, use the dialogues above as a model and compose your own similar dialogues. GEOGRAPHY

I am from… anah min… أنه منYou are from… (Masculine) in-ta min انته منYou are from… (Feminine) in-ti min انتي منHe is from… huu-wa min هو منShe is from… he-yah min هيه منIt is from… ha-tha / Ha-yah min هايه من/هذاWe are from… eH-nah min احنه منYou are from… in-tum min انتم منThey are from… hum-mah min هومه

6. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker. 1. I am Iraqi. anah ‘Araqi انه عراقي I am from Iraq. anah min el-‘Araq. انه من العراق 2. He is Baghdadi. huu-wa Baghdady. بغداديهو. He is from Baghdad. huu-wa min Baghdad. بغدادهو من. 3. She is Iraqi. he-yah ‘Ara-qi-yah هيه عراقيةShe is from Baghdad. he-yah min Baghdad هيه من بغداد

24

4. We are Iraqis. eH-nah ‘Araqi-yeen إحنهعراقيينWe are from Bassrah. eH-nah min el-Bassrah من البصرةإحنه 5. You are Iraqis. in-tum ‘Araqi- yeen أنتم عراقيينYou are from Kerkuk. in-tum min kerkuk أنتم من آرآوك 6. They are Iraqis. hum-mah ‘Araqi-yeen هومة عراقيينThey are from Nejaf. hum-mah min el-Nejaf هومة من النجف

7. Pretend you and your classmates are from Iraq. Introduce yourself and your classmates to your friend in Arabic. Use the model below and the map. Model: anah ‘Araqi. anah min el-Bassrah. Mohamed ‘Araqi. huu-wa min Baghdad. . أنه عراقي . ن البصرةأنه م .هو من بغداد .محمد عراقي

Kamal w Huda ‘Araqi-een. hum-mah min kerkuk. . آمال وهدى عرقيين . هومه من آرآوك In standard Arabic (where are_ from?) Min Ein? But in Iraqi it becomes one word Mnin. Where are you from? mnin in-tum? منين انته؟Where is he (she/it) from? mnin huu-wa

(he-yah/hathah\hayah)? منين هو(هيه/هذا/هايه)؟

Where are we (they) from? mnin eH-nah (hum-mah)? (هومه)؟ ين احنهمن

8. Following along in your workbook, listen to the following dialogues in Arabic. Repeat after the speaker. 1. A. I am from Baghdad. anah min baghdad. Where are you from? mnin in-ta?

.انه من بغدادمنين انته؟

B. I am from Bassrah. anah min bassrah. انه من البصره. 2. A. Fatema is from Kerkuk. fatema min kerkuk Where is Mohamed from? mnin mohamed?

.فاطمه من آرآوكمحمود منين؟

B. He is from Nejaf. huu-wa min el-nejaf هو من النجف. 3. A. I am from Baghdad. anah min baghdad Where are you and Heba from? mnin in-ta w heba?

.أنه من بغدادمنين إنته وهبه؟

B. We are from Nassiriya. eh-nah min el-nassiriya. إحنه من الناصريه.

25

4. A. Ali is from Baghdad. ali min baghdad Where are Ahmed and Mona from?

mnin ahmed w mona? .علي من بغداد

ى منين؟أحمد ومن

B. They are from Mosul. hum-mah min el mosul. هومه من الموصل. 9. Role-play the dialogues above using the map of Iraq. The short yes/no answers in Iraqi with the verb to be, are given as yes/no by itself, or yes/no +the question. You can change the statement sentence into a question by changing your tone.

Am I from…? Yes, I am. No, I am not. anah min…? ei, anah min. la, Anah mo min.

؟...انه من .إى أنه من ال أنه مو من Are you from…? Yes, you are. No, you are not.

in-ta min….? ei, inta min. la in-ta mo min. ؟...انته من .إى إنته من .ال إنته مو من

Is he from…? Yes, he is. No, he is not. huu-wa min …? ei, huu-wa min. la huu-wa mo min

؟...هو من .إى هو من .ال هو مو من Is she from…? Yes, she is. No, she is not. he-yah min? ei, he-yah min. la he-yah mo min

؟....هيه من .إى هيه من .ال هيه مو من Is it from…? Yes, it is. No, it is not.

ha-yah (hatha) min..? ei, ha-yah (hatha) min. la, hayah (hatha) mo min. ؟...من)هاذه (هايه .من) هاذه( هايهإى .مو من) هاذه(ال هايه

Are we from…? Yes, we are. No, we are not. eH-nah min…? ei eH-nah min. la eH-nah mo min

؟...احنه من .إى إحنه من .ال إحنه مو من Are they from…? Yes, they are. No, they are not.

hum-mah min ei hum-mah min. la hum-mah mo min .هومه من .إى هومه من .ال هومه مو من

10. Read the following dialogues and role-play them. 1. A. Are you from Iraq? in-ta min el ‘Araq? إنته من العراق؟ B. Yes, I am. ei, anah min el-‘Araq. إى أنه من العراق. 2. A. Are you from Baghdad? in-ta min Baghdad? إنته من بغداد؟ B. No, I am not. I am from Bassrah. la anah min el-Bassrah. ال أنه من البصرة. 3. A. Is Mohammed from Iraq? Mohammed min el-‘Araq? ؟محمد من العراق B. Yes, he is. ei huu-wa min el-‘Araq. إى هو من العراق. 4. A. Are Ali and Fatema from Kerkuk? ‘Ali w Fatmah min Kerkuk? ؟على وفاطمه من آرآوك B. Yes, they are. ei hom-mah min Kerkuk. إى هومه من آرآوك .

26

Iraqis usually employ a polite way of asking someone’s name by using the phrase El-Ism el-kareem which means the generous name as a metaphor. They address a man in an office environment with (Us-tath) for Mr., or Sir and a woman with (Sit) for madam, or miss. If you are introduced to an old, public or religious figure, you should always address them with sayd, haji or ‘aa-mi which shows high respect. When you meet someone for the first time, address him/her with his or her title or (Abo…. /Um…) father of…./mother of ……

What is your name? What is your name? Shino el-ism bil-khair? Shis-mak?

ر؟يخلابشنو االسم شسمك؟ My name is Hadi. My name is Kaml al Abodi.

ismi Hadi. ismi Kaml al Abodi. .اسمي هادي .اسمي آمال

In Arabic, you form the possessive by adding the letter (_ ya ي ) to the noun or by adding the word Maly after the masculine noun and Malty after the feminine noun. Mascul. /Famin. I anah انه My mali/malty مالتي/ماليYou in-ta ه إنت Your malek/maltek مالتك/مالكHe huu-wa هو His maleh/malteh مالته/مالهShe he-yah هيه Her malha/malet-ha مالتها/مالهاIt hayah/ hatha هاذا/هايه Its mal/malt مالت/مالWe eH-nah ه إهي Our mal-nah/malet-

nah مالتنه/مالنه

You intum إنتم Your mal-kum/malet-kum

مالتكم/مالكم

They hum-mah هومه Their mal-hum/mallet- hum

مالتهم/مالهم

27

What is her name? What is his name? shino isim-ha? shino ism-ah شنو إسمه شنو إسمها؟

Her name is Amal His name is ‘Abd-Allah.

isim-ha Amal ism-ah ‘Abd-Allah آمالإسمها إسمه عبد اهللا

11. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. . A. Good morning! sabah el-kheir! صباح الخير B. Good morning! sabah el-nuur! النور صباح A. My name is Jaafar. What is your name?

ismi jaafar. sh-ismak?

إسمي جعفر شسمك؟

B. My name is Saad. ismi sa’ad. إسمي سعد . A. Nice to meet you, Saad. tasha-raf-na sa’ad. .تشرفنا سعد B. Nice to meet you, Jaafar. tasha-raf-na ja’afar. تشرفنا جعفر .

28

12. Working in pairs or in small groups, look at the pictures and make up similar dialogues.

13. Listen to the following statements and repeat after the speaker.

My name is Mehdi. ismi Mehdi. إسمي مهدي

His name is Ali. ismah Ali. .إسمه علي

Her name is Amna. esim-ha Amna. . إسمها أمنه

I live in Baghdad. anah as-kin eb Baghdad.

أنه اسكن ببغداد

He lives in Basrah. huu-wa yskin bel Basrah.

هو يسكن بالبصرة

She lives in Keokuk. he-yah tiskin eb Kerkuk.

هيه تسكن بكرآوك

The verb “to live” has two equivalents in Iraqi (sakin/ ‘aaish) and to use either one is correct. Notice how the beginning of the verb changes when using I, he, she and we.

29

We live in Mosul.

eH-nah niskin bel Mosul. لموصلإحنه نسكن با

They live in Nejaf. hum-mah ysk-noon bel- Nejjaf.

هومه يسكنون بالنجف 14. Read the following sentences and then translate them into English. Check your work with the answer key. Ali yskin eb-Baghdad. علي يسكن بالبصرة؟ in-ta tskin bel-Hil-lah? ei.

إنته تسكن بالحله؟ إي.

Salwa ma tskin bel-Bassrah. .سلوى ما تسكن بالبصرة in-ta when tskin? Anah askin bel-Bassrah.

إنته وين تسكن؟ أنه أسكن بالبصرة.

when Eman w Majid ysknoon? hum-mah ysknoon be-Dhouk.

وين إيمان وماجد يسكنون؟ هومه يسكنون بدهوك.

15. Following along in your workbook, listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. Make up a similar dialogue. Work in pairs or in small groups.

A. masa el-khair مساء الخير. أ. B. masa el-khair. A. ismi Zaineb. shino ismak?

. مساء الخير. ب أ. إسمي زينب.شنو إسمك؟

B. ismi ‘Abd-Allah. إسمي عبداهللا. ب . A. ta-sha-raf-na Abd-Allah. تشرفنا عبداهللا. أ . B. ta-sha-raf-na Zaineb. A. anah askin eb-Baghdad. Inta when tskin?

. تشرفنا زينب. ب إنته وين تسكن؟.أنه أسكن ببغداد. أ

B. anah askin bel-Mosul. .ب. أنه أسكن بالموصل

30

16. Working in pairs or in small groups, imagine that you are new to the class. Ask your partner about the rest of the students (their names and where they live). Use the model below. Model:

شنو إسمه؟ A. shino ismah? .إسمه حسن B. ismah Hassan.

هو وين يسكن؟ A. huu-wa when yskin? .هو يسكن بكربالء B. huu-wa yskin eb-Karbala.

17. What is the question? Read the answers below and reproduce the questions in Iraqi. Check your work with the answer key.

1. ____________________________? la, anah min Baghdad.

. ال انه من بغداد2. ____________________________? ei, anah askin bel-Bassrah.

إي انه اسكن بالبصرة3. ____________________________? ei, huu-wa min el-Musol.

إي هو من الموصل 4. ____________________________? ei, he-yah tiskin be-Dhouk. إي هيه تسكن بدهوك 5. ____________________________? la, huu-wa min Baghdad. ال هو من بغداد 6. ____________________________? ei, ismi AHmed.

.إي إسمي أحمد7. ____________________________? la, huu-wa mo austath Hadi.

.ال هو مو أستاذ هادي8. ____________________________? ei, anah min el-Musol.

.إي أنه من الموصل

31

End-of-Lesson Tasks 1. Read the following sentences and translates them from English into Iraqi. Check the answer key. A. My name is Fatima. I am from Nejaf. B. Do you live in Karbala? Yes. C. His name is Jamal. He lives in Bassrah. D. We are from Kuwt. E. My name is Mustafa. I am from Baghdad. F. His name is Bedir. He lives in Missan. G. Her name is Seher. She lives in Sulaimania. H. What is your name? My name is Tahani.

2. Working in pairs or in small groups, pretend that you are at a party. Introduce yourself to other people and ask them their names, where they are from, and where they live. Use the model below.

Model:

شنو إسمك؟. إسمي علي. مرحبا. أ A. mer-Haba, ismi ‘Ali. shino ismek? .إسمي عمر. مرحبا. ب B. mer-Haba, ismi Omer. منين انته؟. أنه من البصرة. أ A. anah min el-Bassrah. mnein intah? .أنه من بغداد. ب anah min Baghdad.

وين تسكن انته؟ . أنه ساآن بالجزائر أ. A. anah askin bel Gazair. when tskin intah? .أنه اسكن بالمنصور. ب B. anah askin bel-Mansur.

32

3. Using the model below as an example, introduce your friend to your classmates. Model: ismah Sami إسمه سامي.

. عراقهو من ال huu-wa min el-‘Araq. . هو عربي huu-wa ‘arabi

. هو يسكن بالسليمانيه huu-wa yskin bel-Solaimania.

33

Vocabulary List Hello, Hi mer-haba مرحباGood night tis-bah ‘aala khair تصبح على خيرGood-bye ma-‘aa es-salama مع السالمهHow are you? shlo-nek شلونك؟Fine/ very well zeen / kulish zeen آوليش زين/ زينThank you shuk-ran شكراYou are welcome el-‘aa-fu / ‘aaf-wan عفوا/ العفوNice to meet you. tasha-rafna تشرفناMy name is … ismi…. اسميTo live in askin اسكنNo la الYes ei ايTo be ykoon يكونTo be from ykoon min يكون منWhere are you from? minin intah? منين انتهWhat is your name? shino ismak? شنو اسمكWhere do you live? intah when tiskin (t’aesh)? ؟)تعيش(انته وين تسكن

34

ANSWER KEY 14. 1. Ali lives in Baghdad. 2. Do you live in el-Hil-lah? Yes, I do. 3. Salwa does not live in Bassrah. 4. Where do you live? I live in Bassrah. 5. Where do Eman and Majid live? They live in Dhouk.

17. Your questions should be similar in grammatical form to those below although some city and people names may be different.

1. Are you from Kerkouk? inta min Kerkouk? من آرآوك؟ انته2. Do you live in Bassrah? inta tiskin bel-Bassrah? انته تسكن بالبصرة؟ 3. Is he from Musol? huu-wa min el-Musol? . هو من الموص؟ 4. Does she live in Dhouk? he-yah tiskin be Dhouk? هيه تسكن بدهوك ؟ 5. Is he from Baghdad? huu-wa min Baghdad? من بغداد؟ و ه6. Is your name Ahmed? intah ismak AHmed? إنته إسمك أحمد؟ 7. Is his name Malik? huu-wa ismah Malik? هو إسمه مالك؟ 8. Are you from Musol? inta min el-Musol? من الموصل؟ ه انت

End of Lesson Tasks 1. A. ismi Fatima. Anah min el-Najaf. . انه من النجف. اسمي فاطمهB. in-tah tiskin be Kerbala? Ei. . انته تسكن بكربالء؟ إيC. ismah Jamal.Huu-wa yiskin bel-Bassrah. . هو يسكن بالبصرة. إسمه جمالD. eH-nah min el-Kuwt. . إحنه من الكوتE. ismi Mustafa .Anah min Baghdad. . أنه من بغداد. إسمي مصطفىF. ismah Bedir Huu-wa yiskin be Missan. . هو يسكن بميسان. إسمه بدرG. isimha Seher. He-yah tiskin be Sulaimania. . هيه تسكن بالسليمانيه. إسمها سحرH. shino ismak? Ismi Hani. . شنو اسمك؟ اسمي هاني