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Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante Philippe Mabo, CHU de Rennes CARDIORUN 2014 Boucan Canot, 1 er octobre 2014

Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

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Page 1: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs

en Pratique Courante

Philippe Mabo, CHU de Rennes

CARDIORUN 2014

Boucan Canot, 1er octobre 2014

Page 2: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Mes relations avec l’industrie

Bourses de recherche:

Boston, Biotronik, Medtronic, St Jude Medical, Sorin Group

Lectures:

Bayer, BMS, Boehringer, Boston, Meda-Pharma, Medtronic,

St Jude Medical, Servier, Sorin Group

Consultant:

Bayer, BMS, Boehringer, Boston, Biotronik, Daiichi-Sankyo,

Meda-Pharma, Medtronic, Sorin Group

Page 3: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Nouveaux anticoagulants dans la FA Une évaluation rigoureuse

DABIGATRAN ( Pradaxa®, Boehringer Ingelheim) - Anti IIa RE-LY, N Engl J Med 2009;361: 1139-51

RIVAROXABAN ( Xarelto®, Bayer) - Anti Xa ROCKET-AF, N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 883-91

APIXABAN (Eliquis®, Bristol –Myers Squibb and Pfizer) - Anti Xa AVERROES, N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 806-17 ARISTOTLE, N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 981-92

EDOXABAN (Daiichi-Sankyo) - Anti Xa ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48, N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 2093-104

Page 4: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Ruff CT, Lancet 2013

AOD - Une méta-analyse

42 411 patients sous AOD – 38% > 75 ans

Page 5: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

AOD – Une méta-analyse

Accidents emboliques

Ruff CT, Lancet 2013

Page 6: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

AOD – Une méta-analyse

Saignements majeurs

Ruff CT, Lancet 2013

Page 7: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Ruff CT, Lancet 2013

AOD – Une méta-analyse

Efficacité/Sécurité

Page 8: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Ruff CT, Lancet 2013

AOD – Une méta-analyse

Efficacité/Sécurité

Page 9: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

AOD - Sécurité et efficacité: analyse par sous-groupes

Lega JC, Plos One 2014

Page 10: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

ARISTOTLE – Saignements majeurs et mortalité

Adapted from Hylek EM, JACC in press

Page 11: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Risque embolique Score CHA2DS2-VASc

Page 12: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Risque hémorragique - Score > 3

Page 13: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

ESC guidelines 2012

Page 14: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Indications des AOD : que disent les recommandations ?

FA non valvulaire – Les AOD doivent être préférés aux AVK en cas de difficulté à

équilibrer l’INR (< 70% du temps passé en zone thérapeutique entre

2 et 3) (grade IA)

– En raison d’un bénéfice clinique net avantageux, les AOD devraient

être préférés aux AVK pour la majorité des pts porteurs d’une FA

non valvulaire avec CHADS2-VAsCe1 (Grade IIaA)

– Une cardioversion peut être réalisée sous dabigatran (et

probablement sous rivaroxaban) selon les mêmes modalités que

sous AVK (Grade IB)

ESC Guidelines; Eur Heart J 2012.

Page 15: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Posologie des AOD: CHA2DS²-VAsC ≥ 1

Posologie Dabigatran Rivaroxaban Apixaban

Posologie standard

150 mg x 2/j 20 mg x 1/j 5 mg x 2/j

Situations à risque spécifiques à chaque AOD

- Âge : 75-80 ans - 30 < ClCr ≤ 50 ml/mn - Gastrite, oesophagite, RGO 110 mg x 2/j ou 150 mg x 2/j en fonction du risque hgique et thrbotique

- 30 ≤ ClCr ≤ 50 ml/mn 15 mg x 1/j

- Âge ≥ 80 ans - ≤ 60 kg - Créat ≥ 1,5 mg/dl ou 133 µmol/l - 2,5 mg x 2/j si ≥ 2 critères de risque

- Âge > 80 ans - Risque hémorragique élevé - Prise de vérapamil - 110 mg x 2/j

- 15 ≤ ClCr < 30 ml/mn - 2,5 mg x 2/j

Fonction rénale +++ (Formule de Cockroft) Pas d’indication dans la FA pour Cl Cr < 30ml/mn

Page 16: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Bon Usage du Médicament : que disait la HAS en Juillet 2013 ?

Page 17: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Bases de données SNIIRAM et PMSI

Page 18: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
Page 19: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
Page 20: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
Page 21: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
Page 22: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
Page 23: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
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Cardioversion sous AOD

In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks before cardioversion.

Continuous oral anticoagulation is mandatory for 4 weeks following cardioversion.

Clinical trial data show no significant additional risk in patients treated with NOACs vs. VKAs. 1

If NOAC compliance can be reliably confirmed, cardioversion should be safe.

If doubt about compliance, consider prior TEE.

FA > 48h

Anticoagulation 3 semaines avant et 4 semaines après cardioversion

Sous AOD valider la compliance, basée sur la parole du patient

Page 25: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Dabigatran and Cardioversion Rates of stroke/SE within 30 days of cardioversion in RE-LY

Nagarakanti R et al. Circulation 2011;123:131–6

Events/number: 5/647 2/672 4/664

Dabigatran 110 mg BID

Dabigatran 150 mg BID

Str

oke/

syst

emic

em

bolis

m (

%)

Warfarin 0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1.5

1.8

0.77

0.30

0.60

RR 0.49 (95% CI: 0.09–2.69)

RR 1.28 (95% CI: 0.35–4.76)

P=0.71

P=0.40

Page 26: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Dr Rambaud, symposium à 15h30

Page 27: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Cardioversion

Page 28: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
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FA , Coronaropathie et anticoagulants

Page 30: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
Page 31: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
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Arrêt des AOD avant chirurgie ou gestes invasifs programmés

Dabigatran Apixaban Edoxabana Rivaroxaban

En l’absence de risque hémorragique et/ou si hémostase locale adéquate possible: intervention

à faire ≥12h ou 24h après la dernière prise selon la molécule

Risque hémorragique Faible Elevé Faible Elevé Faible Elevé Faible Elevé

Cl.Cr.≥80 ml/min ≥24h ≥48h ≥24h ≥48h Aucune donnée ≥24h ≥48h

Cl.Cr. 50-80 ml/min ≥36h ≥72h ≥24h ≥48h

Aucune donnée ≥24 ≥48h

Cl.Cr. 30-50 ml/minb ≥48h

≥96h

≥24h

≥48h

Aucune donnée ≥24 ≥48h

Cl.Cr. <30 ml/min Pas d’indication dans la FA

Dernière prise avant intervention chirurgicale élective

a A mettre à jour après finalisation des RCP b Certains de ces pts peuvent être traités avec une dose moins élevée de dabigatran (110 mg, 2 fois/j), d’apixaban (2,5mg, 2 fois/j), ou de rivaroxaban (15 mg/j).

Page 34: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Patients undergoing a planned surgical intervention or ablation

Classification of surgical interventions according to bleeding risk

Interventions not necessarily requiring discontinuation of anticoagulant Perform procedures at ‘through’ levels of NOAC. Consider scheduling intervention

18-24 h after last intake and then restart 6 h later (i.e. skipping 1 dose with BID NOAC)

Dental interventions • Extraction of 1 to 3 teeth

• Paradontal surgery

• Incision of abscess

• Implant positioning

Ophthalmology • Cataract or glaucoma intervention

Endoscopy without surgery

Superficial surgery (e.g. abscess incision, small dermatological excision)

www.escardio.org/EHRA

Page 35: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Classification of surgical interventions according to bleeding risk

Low risk

• Endoscopy with biopsy

• Prostate or bladder biopsy

• Electrophysiological study or

radiofrequency catheter ablation for

supraventricular tachycardia (including

left sided ablation via single transseptal

puncture)

• Angiography

• Pacemaker or ICD implantation (unless

complex anatomical setting e.g.

congenital heart disease)

High risk

• Complex left-sided ablation: pulmonary

vein isolation, VT ablation

• Spinal or epidural anaesthesia; lumbar

diagnostic puncture

• Thoracic surgery

• Abdominal surgery

• Major orthopedic surgery

• Liver biopsy

• Transurethral prostate resection

• Kidney biopsy

www.escardio.org/EHRA

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Low risk

Page 39: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks
Page 40: Les Anticoagulants Oraux Directs en Pratique Courante · In patients with AF >48h duration undergoing cardioversion, oral anticoagulants should have been given for at least 3 weeks

Conclusions

Si indication à un traitement anticoagulant dans la FA, choisir en 1ière intention un AOD, sauf si FA « valvulaire », clearance de la créatinine < 30 ml/mn, interaction médicamenteuse attendue

Patients sous AVK avec INR stables (< 50% en pratique), pas d’indication (aujourd’hui) à la substitution

Adapter la posologie au terrain (risque hémorragique)

Surveiller la fonction rénale, notamment si situation clinique ou nouveau médicament qui peuvent la dégrader

Les AOD sont des anticoagulants et donc ils peuvent faire saigner…

Education thérapeutique +++