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HEALTH, DISABILITY & AGING

Introduction to Sociology

Adam Isaiah GreenWinter 2013

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Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902)

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MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY

The study of medicine, health and illness

from the perspective of “the social”: 

1) The study of the health industry,

including the practice of medicine and the

implementation of health insurance

2) The social roots of health, disease, andmental illness

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STRESS PROCESS MODEL

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RATES OF MORTALITY AMONG WORKING AGE MEN

CORRELATED WITH INCOME BELONGING TO THE LESS WELL

OFF HALF OF HOUSEHOLDS (1990s)

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HEALTH & CLASS STATUS

• http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/16/nation

al/class/HEALTH-FINAL.html 

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The only county in Nova Scotia where the incidence

of cancer for both women and men is significantlyhigher than the provincial average is Cape BretonCounty, the 5th poorest of 18 counties in Nova Scotiaand the site of the Sydney Tar Ponds.

Nova Scotia has the second highestcancer death rate and the second lowestmedian provincial income.

Deaths per 100,000 people due to cancer, and medianfamily income in hundreds of dollars, Canadianprovinces, 2003

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

New Brunswick

Nova Scotia

Prince Edward Island

Quebec

Manitoba

 Alberta

British ColumbiaOntario

Saskatchewan

Newfoundland

 

Class and Exposure toEnvironmental Risk: Nova Scotia

Cancer rate Median income

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People with HIV/AIDS, 2009 (adultprevalence in parentheses)

Total: 33.3 million (0.8%)

Western andCentral Europe820,000 (0.2%)

North Africa &Middle East460,000 (0.2%)

Sub-Saharan Africa22.5 million (5.0%)

Eastern Europe& Central Asia1.4 million (0.8%)

South& South-East Asia4.1 million (0.3%)

Oceania57,000 (0.3%)

North America1.5 million (0.5%)

Caribbean240,000 (1.0%)

South & Central America2.0 million (0.6%)

East Asia770,000 (0.1%)

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32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 89

Europe 1600

Lesotho 2009

India 2009

China 2009

Russia 2009 USA 2009

Japan 2009

Canada2009

Canada2050

Canada 1867

Life Expectancy, Selected Countries and

Years

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Class, Illness and Death

Human-environmental factors, such asindustrial pollution

Lifestyle factors, such as smoking cigarettes,

excessive use of alcohol and drugs, poor diet,lack of exercise, and social isolation.

Factors related to public health system(government-run programs that ensure clean

drinking water, sewage and sanitationservices, inoculation against infectiousdiseases, etc.) and healthcare system (clinics,hospitals and other facilities)

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Selected Social Causes andConsequences of Height

in Human Populations

HeightProximate

social

causesdiet

disease

work intensity

Basic social

causesincome

inequality

public health

personal hygiene

quality of environment

Social

consequenceslife expectancy

health

cognitive development

personality

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HEIGHT AND RELATIONSHIPS

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Peter Paul RubensCimone and Efigenia (1617) 

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Percent of Adults Who are Overweight, Selected

Countries, 2007

Percent

1.0% increase, 2001-07 2.3% increase, 2001-07

Overweight adults have a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher (BMI = weight inkilograms divided by the square of height in metres).

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Percent of Canadian Adults Who are Obese, by

Province, 2004

Obese adults have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (BMI = weight in kilograms divided by the square

of height in metres).

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Height, Weight and Social Status

On average, high family income results ingood diet; good diet increases stature;

tall people live longer, earn more, and

reach the top of their profession morequickly than short people;

overweight women complete fewer

months of formal education, earn less,and are less likely to marry than womenwho are not overweight (overweight men

are less likely to marry)

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Important Terms

impaired = deficient in physical ormental capacity compared to the

norms of society disabled = incapable of

performing within the range of

 “normal” human activity  ablism = prejudice and

discrimination against the disabled

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Erectile Dysfunction?

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Societal Responses to Disability

Rehabilitation involves curing disabilities

through medical and technologicalintervention; trying to improve the lives of thedisabled by means of care, training, and

education; and integrating the disabled into"normal" society.

Elimination involves killing the disabled orsterilizing them and preventing them fromhaving offspring.

Normalization involves disabled peopleasserting their autonomy and the "dignity of

difference."

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DEAF A DISABILITY?!

YOUTUBE:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5x1BIdM

8PQ&feature=related