LEAVES, FLOWERS AND OTHER VEGETABLES - McGill … · LEAVES, FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES (Continued from the Tubers and Roots section) (Please click on the page number to go directly to

LEAVES, FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES (Continued from the Tubers and Roots section) (Please click on the page number to go directly to the table)

Acacia concinna (Wild) DC ............................................................................................. 22 Som-poi, Soap pod (English) .................................................................................................. 22

Acacia pennata L. Wild subsp.Insuavis Nielsen ............................................................. 23 Cha-om, Acacia leaves (English) ............................................................................................ 23

Acacia rugata Merr. ......................................................................................................... 24 Pher-chaing-du ........................................................................................................................ 24

Anacardium occidentale .................................................................................................. 25 Yod-ma-muong-him-mapan, Cashew tree leaves (English)................................................. 25

Bambusa arundinacea ..................................................................................................... 26 Naw-mai-pai, Bamboo shoot (English) .................................................................................. 26

Basella rubra, B.alba. ...................................................................................................... 27 Pak plang, Malabar spinach (English) .................................................................................. 27

Benincasa cerifera, Savi. ................................................................................................. 28 Faki-kieou, Gourd, wax, winter melon (English) ................................................................. 28

Calamus spp. .................................................................................................................... 29 Yod-wai, Cane shoots (English).............................................................................................. 29

Capsicum frutescens, Linn .............................................................................................. 30 Preek-karieng, Karen chili pepper, hot ................................................................................. 30

Capsicum minimum, Roxb .............................................................................................. 31 Chili, bird, ground ................................................................................................................... 31

Carica papaya ................................................................................................................... 32 Bai-ma-la-gaw, Leaves, Thon-ma-la-gaw, Shoots (English) ................................................ 32

Citrus aurantifolia............................................................................................................ 33 Ma-now, Lime (English) ......................................................................................................... 33

Citrus medica L. ............................................................................................................... 34 Bai-ma-ngua or Sa-zui-la, Citron (English) .......................................................................... 34

Coccinia grandis Voigt..................................................................................................... 35 Tam-liung, Ivy gourd, leaf and stem (English) ..................................................................... 35

Colocasia esculenta Schott .............................................................................................. 36 Bai-bon, Elephant’s ear leaves, Taro leaves (English) ......................................................... 36

Cucurbita moschata Decne .............................................................................................. 37

Luke-fak-tong, Pumpkin fruit ................................................................................................ 37 Cucurbita moschata poir ................................................................................................. 38

Yod-fak-tong, young pumpkin leaves .................................................................................... 38 Cucurbita moschata poir ................................................................................................. 39

Dowg-fak-tong, Pumpkin flowers .......................................................................................... 39 Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. ............................................................................................. 40

Kra-jeaw, flowers .................................................................................................................... 40 Dillenia ovata Wall Ex Hook, f. ...................................................................................... 41

Luke-saan, Matad (English) ................................................................................................... 41 Diplazium esculentum...................................................................................................... 42

Kai-khu-du, Fern shoots (English) ......................................................................................... 42 Erythropalum scandens Blume ....................................................................................... 43

Gawng-chu-na-du .................................................................................................................... 43 Ficus ischnopodia Mig..................................................................................................... 44

Ma-dua-nam ............................................................................................................................. 44 Gnetum nemon L. var. tenerum Markr. .......................................................................... 45

Pak-man-mu or Le-khawng-du .............................................................................................. 45 Hibiscus esculenta Linn................................................................................................... 46

Luke-gra-jiap-tao, Okra or lady finger young pod (English) .............................................. 46 Hibiscus esculenta Linn................................................................................................... 47

Yod-gra-jiap-tao, Young leaves of lady finger (English) ..................................................... 47 Hibiscus sabdaniffa Linn. ............................................................................................... 48

Bai gra jiap dang, Roselle (Red sorrel) (English) ................................................................. 48 Ipomoea reptans ............................................................................................................... 49

Pak-boong, Swamp cabbage, leaves and stems (English) .................................................... 49 Lagenaria siceraria .......................................................................................................... 50

Yod-nam-tao, Bottle gourd leaves (English) ......................................................................... 50 Lageneria siceraria .......................................................................................................... 51

Luke-nam-tao, Gourd, bottle (English) ................................................................................. 51 Lasia spinosa L.Thawaites ............................................................................................... 52

Yod-pak-nam, Lasia leaf (English) ........................................................................................ 52 Lemmaphyllum carnosum (J. Sm. Ex Hook.) ................................................................ 53

Kawng-thaing-du ..................................................................................................................... 53 Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem......................................................................................... 54

Ther-khu-mai-du ..................................................................................................................... 54 Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. ....................................................................................... 55

Mak-qua-ted, Tomato (English) ............................................................................................. 55 Lycopersicum esculentum Mill ........................................................................................ 56

Mak-qua-som, Cherry tomato, small (English) .................................................................... 56 Mangifera indica .............................................................................................................. 57

Yod-ma-muong, Mango leaves (English) .............................................................................. 57 Manihot esculenta, Crantz ............................................................................................... 58

Bai-man-sam-palang, Cassava leaves (English) .................................................................... 58 Marsilea crenata Presl. .................................................................................................... 59

Pak-waen, Water fern, leaves (English) ................................................................................ 59 Melientha suavis Pierre ................................................................................................... 60

Pak-waon-pa ............................................................................................................................ 60 Mormodica chochinchinensis Spreng. ............................................................................ 61

Yawd-fak-kao or Bai-khai-du ................................................................................................ 61 Musa sapientum ............................................................................................................... 62

Hua-plee, Banana flower (English) ........................................................................................ 62 Nymphaea lotus. Linn. ..................................................................................................... 63

Water lily, stem (English) ....................................................................................................... 63 Ocimum canum Sims ....................................................................................................... 64

Hairy basil, leaves (English) ................................................................................................... 64 Oroxylum indicum Vent................................................................................................... 65

Lin-fah pods ............................................................................................................................. 65 Pithecellobium lobatum, Archdendron jiringa (syn) ...................................................... 66

Luke-neing, Djenkol bean ....................................................................................................... 66 Psosphocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC .......................................................................... 67

Tou-poo, Winged bean - young pod (English) ...................................................................... 67 Solanum melongena, L. ................................................................................................... 68

Eggplant/aubergine, green, long (English) ............................................................................ 68 Solanum torvum Swartz ................................................................................................... 69

Mak-qua-puong, Solanum (English) ...................................................................................... 69 Solanum xanthocarpum .................................................................................................. 70

Mak-qua-prough, Eggplant, Brinjal (English) ..................................................................... 70 Spilanthes acmella Murr. ................................................................................................ 71

Pak-khrad, Spotflower tree (English) .................................................................................... 71 Spondias pinnata I.f. Kurz ............................................................................................... 72

Yod-ma-gawk, Hog plum (English) ....................................................................................... 72 Tamarindus indica Linn. ................................................................................................. 73

Tamarind, young leaves (English) .......................................................................................... 73 Termitomyces sp. .............................................................................................................. 74

Mushroom, Termitomyces sp. (English) ............................................................................... 74 Zehneria maysorensis Arn. .............................................................................................. 75

Tang-preou, cucumber, sour (English) .................................................................................. 75 Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. ............................................................................................ 76

Phu-ea-du, Thai ginger leaves and flower (English) ............................................................ 76 Unidentified ...................................................................................................................... 77

Bai-som-po ............................................................................................................................... 77 Unknown .......................................................................................................................... 78

Nawng-wai-du .......................................................................................................................... 78 Unidentified ...................................................................................................................... 79

Pak-waan-ban .......................................................................................................................... 79 Unknown .......................................................................................................................... 80

Ple-la-du ................................................................................................................................... 80 Unknown .......................................................................................................................... 81

Phu-du ...................................................................................................................................... 81 Unknown .......................................................................................................................... 82

Phu-pheng-du ........................................................................................................................... 82 Unidentified ...................................................................................................................... 83

Sa-ni-wa-du .............................................................................................................................. 83 Unknown .......................................................................................................................... 84

Ya-dee-du ................................................................................................................................. 84

Updated on 12/15/2011 22

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 22 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Acacia concinna (Wild) DC Local name & other common names: Som-poi, Soap pod (English) Part(s) used: Leaves and pods Preparation:

Nutrient Nutrient Composition/100g (edible portion)

Leaves, raw Moisture, g 71.91 Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg 2752 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 1376 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 6 040 Total-carotene, μg 26 990 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -

--- = not analyzed Months Harvested and Seasonality of Use Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months harvested

Seasonality of use

Photograph by KPstudio

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Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Not known Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Not known Source of nutrient data: Carotenoids value sourced from ref # 11.

Updated on 12/15/2011 23

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 23 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Acacia pennata L. Wild subsp.Insuavis Nielsen Local name & other common names: Cha-om, Acacia leaves (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 82.4 Energy, Kcal 67 Protein, g 10.5 Fat, g 0.5 Carbohydrate, g 5.2 Fibre, g 3.9 Ash, g 1.4 Vitamin A, RE-μg 216 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 108 Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg 1297 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 47 Thiamine, mg 0.37 Iron, mg 2.5 Calcium, mg 41 Zinc, mg 0.5


Seasonality of use * * * * * * * * * * * *



Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - December Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Available throughout the year but not known if it is popular among children and mothers. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from ASEAN FCT 2000, Asean # AAD 36 (ref # 1).

Updated on 12/15/2011 24

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 24 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Acacia rugata Merr. Local name & other common names: Pher-chaing-du Part(s) used: Leaves, boiled Preparation:


Seasonality of use



Leaves, raw Moisture, g 81.2 Energy, Kcal 65.8 Protein, g 4.3 Fat, g 0.4 Carbohydrate, g 11.2 Fibre, g 8.1 Ash, g 1.1 Vitamin A, RE-μg 532 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 266 Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg 3189 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 3 Thiamine, mg - Iron, mg 2.1 Calcium, mg 430 Zinc, mg 0.5

Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 25

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 25 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Anacardium occidentale Local name & other common names: Yod-ma-muong-him-mapan, Cashew tree leaves (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 69.9 Energy, Kcal 118.6* Protein, g 5.2 Fat, g 0.6 Carbohydrate, g 23.1 Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, IU 1,025 Vitamin A, RE-μg 307.5 Vitamin A, RAE-μg 154 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 89 Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use * * * *



Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Purchased Seasonality of use: June - September Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: This food is not popular among children. However, it is liked by mothers Source of nutrient data: Nutrient information sourced from the Karen Case Study’s report Annex 3 (ref # 5). * Energy value was calculated.

Updated on 12/15/2011 26

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 26 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Bambusa arundinacea Local name & other common names: Naw-mai-pai, Bamboo shoot (English) Part(s) used: Preparation:


Seasonality of use * * * * * *



Shoots, dry Shoots, fresh Moisture, g 11.1 91 Energy, Kcal 357 28 Protein, g 17.1 2.5 Fat, g 1.4 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 69 5.3 Fibre, g - 1.2 Ash, g 1.4 - Vitamin A, RE-μg 0 - Vitamin A, RAE-μg 0 - Beta-carotene, μg 0 - Retinol, μg 0 - Thiamine, mg - 0.11 Folic acid, μg - - Vitamin C, mg 0 9 Calcium, mg 91 17 Iron, mg 4 0.9 Zinc, mg - -

Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: July - December Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popularity of this food among mothers and children is unknown. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data for dry shoots is sourced from ASEAN FCT 2000, Asean ID # AAD7 (ref # 1). Nutrient data for dry shoots is sourced from Nutrition Division, Health Department, Ministry of Public Health. 1987. Bangkok, Thailand. War Veterans Press (ref # 13).

Updated on 12/15/2011 27

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 27 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Basella rubra, B.alba. Local name & other common names: Pak plang, Malabar spinach (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 92.9 Energy, Kcal 23 Protein, g 1.9 Fat, g 0.1 Carbohydrate, g 3.6 Fibre, g 2.5 Ash, g 1.5 Vitamin A, RE - μg 559 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 279 Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg 3351 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 73 Calcium, mg 140 Iron, mg 3.1 Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among children and mothers Source on nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from ASEAN FCT 2000, Asean ID # AAD121 (ref # 1).

Updated on 12/15/2011 28

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 28 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Benincasa cerifera, Savi. Local name & other common names: Faki-kieou, Gourd, wax, winter melon (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Flower, raw Moisture, g 94.5 Energy, Kcal 21 Protein, g 0.4 Fat, g 0.2 Carbohydrate, g 4.5 Fibre, g 1.7 Ash, g 0.4 Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg - Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 31 Calcium, mg 13 Iron, mg 0.3 Zinc, mg 0.1


Seasonality of use * * *



Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - March Cost of production, if known: Not Known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record ID THD 107 (ref #4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 29

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 29 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Calamus spp. Local name & other common names: Yod-wai, Cane shoots (English) Part(s) used: Shoots Preparation:


Shoots, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use * *


Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: September - October Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popularity of this food among mothers and children is not known. Source on nutrient data: Not analyzed.

Updated on 12/15/2011 30

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 30 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Capsicum frutescens, Linn Local name & other common names: Preek-karieng, Karen chili pepper, hot Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:






Fruit, raw Moisture, g 89.7 Energy, Kcal 34 Protein, g 2.0 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 7.3 Fibre, g 2.0 Ash, g 0.7 Vitamin A, RE - μg 38 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 76.5 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene , μg - Beta-carotene equiv, μg 459 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 233 Calcium, mg 14 Iron, mg 0.7 Zinc, mg -

Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: June - September Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: This food is liked by both mothers and children in Karen. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data sourced from FCT for the near east, FAO, 1982, item # 388 (ref # 6).

Updated on 12/15/2011 31

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 31 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Capsicum minimum, Roxb Local name & other common names: Chili, bird, ground Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit, ground Moisture, g 4.4 Energy, Kcal 465 Protein, g 14.2 Fat, g 21.4 Carbohydrate, g 54 Fibre, g - Ash, g 6.1 Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene , μg - Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Iron, mg 8.7 Calcium, mg 155 Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use



Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record ID THN25 (ref #4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 32

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 32 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Carica papaya Local name & other common names: Bai-ma-la-gaw, Leaves, Thon-ma-la-gaw, Shoots (English) Part(s) used: Leaves and shoots Preparation:


Leaves & shoots, raw Moisture, g 83.3 Energy, Kcal 63 Protein, g 5.6 Fat, g 0.4 Carbohydrate, g 9.2 Fiber, g - Ash, g 1.5 Vitamin A, RE- μg 612 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 306 Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg 3672 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 124 Calcium, mg 290 Iron, mg 6.4 Zinc, mg .09




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - December Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: This food is available throughout the year. It is liked by mother but not a popular food among children. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from ASEAN FCT 2000, Asean ID # AAD98, origin MYD 195 (ref # 1).

Updated on 12/15/2011 33

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 33 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Citrus aurantifolia Local name & other common names: Ma-now, Lime (English) Part(s) used: Fruit, leaves Preparation:


Fruit Moisture, g 90.3 Energy, Kcal 50 Protein, g 0.8 Fat, g 2.4 Carbohydrate, g 6.3 Fibre, g 1.6 Ash, g 0.2 Vitamin A, RE- μg 3 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 1.5 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 20 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg 17 Iron, mg 0.1 Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Mothers and children preference to this food is not known. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from ASEAN FCT 2000, Asean # AAE52 (ref # 1).

Updated on 12/15/2011 34

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 34 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Citrus medica L. Local name & other common names: Bai-ma-ngua or Sa-zui-la, Citron (English) Part(s) used: Fruit, leaves Preparation:


Leaves, boiled Moisture, g 72.6 Energy, Kcal 108 Protein, g 4.3 Fat, g 2.4 Carbohydrate, g 17 Fibre, g 14.1 Ash, g 4.4 Vitamin A, RE- μg 197 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 98.6 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 1183 Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 75 Calcium, mg 747 Iron, mg 4.2 Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use


Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Mothers and children preference to this food is not known. Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 35

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 35 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Coccinia grandis Voigt. Local name & other common names: Tam-liung, Ivy gourd, leaf and stem (English) Part(s) used: Leaves & stems Preparation:


Leaves & stems, raw Moisture, g 91 Energy, Kcal 32 Protein, g 3.6 Fat, g 0.2 Carbohydrate, g 3.9 Fibre, g 2.7 Ash, g 1.3 Vitamin A, RE - μg 673 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 336 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 4036 Thiamine, mg .11 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 13 Calcium, mg 57 Iron, mg 1.4 Zinc, mg 0.5





Type of procurement: Cultivated & wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - December Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: This food is liked by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, Food ID THD91 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 36

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 36

Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Other Vegetables Scientific identification: Colocasia esculenta Schott Local name & other common names: Bai-bon, Elephant’s ear leaves, Taro leaves (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg 973 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 487 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 5 840 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available throughout the year. This is popular among mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Carotene value is sourced from ref # 10.

Updated on 12/15/2011 37

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 37 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Cucurbita moschata Decne Local name & other common names: Luke-fak-tong, Pumpkin fruit Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit, raw Moisture, g 85.4 Energy, Kcal 57 Protein, g 1.4 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 12.1 Fibre, g 2.4 Ash, g 0.8 Vitamin A, RE - μg 105 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 52.5 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 628 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg .06 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 10 Calcium, mg 9 Iron, mg 0.7 Zinc, mg 0.2




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Purchased Seasonality of use: January – March Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record # THD 108 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 38

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 38 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Cucurbita moschata poir Local name & other common names: Yod-fak-tong, young pumpkin leaves Part(s) used: Young leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 91.2 Energy, Kcal 32 Protein, g 2.6 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 4.7 Fibre, g 3.1 Ash, g 1.2 Vitamin A, RE - μg 215 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 108 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 1289 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg .07 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 21 Calcium, mg 12 Iron, mg 5.2 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Purchased Seasonality of use: January - February Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record # THD 110 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 39

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 39 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Cucurbita moschata poir Local name & other common names: Dowg-fak-tong, Pumpkin flowers Part(s) used: Flower Preparation:


Flowers, raw Moisture, g 94.8 Energy, Kcal 19 Protein, g 1.5 Fat, g 0.2 Carbohydrate, g 2.7 Fibre, g 1.2 Ash, g 0.8 Vitamin A, RE - μg 17 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 8.5 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 104 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg 1.0 Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Purchased Seasonality of use: Aug - September Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record # THD 109 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 40

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 40 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Local name & other common names: Kra-jeaw, flowers Part(s) used: Flower Preparation:


Flowers Moisture, g 90.4 Energy, Kcal 34 Protein, g 1.3 Fat, g 0.6 Carbohydrate, g 5.8 Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg 8.7 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 4.3 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 52 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg .07 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 0 Calcium, mg 43 Iron, mg 1.9 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Aug - September Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record # THD 185 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 41


Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Dillenia ovata Wall Ex Hook, f. Local name & other common names: Luke-saan, Matad (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Thiamine Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: July - October Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: This is popular among mothers but disliked by children. Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed

Updated on 12/15/2011 42

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 42 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Diplazium esculentum Local name & other common names: Kai-khu-du, Fern shoots (English) Part(s) used: Young leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 89.3 Energy, Kcal 32 Protein, g 2.9* Fat, g 0.7* Carbohydrate, g 3.7* Fibre, g 9.1 Ash, g 1.2 Vitamin A, RE - μg 122 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 61 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 732 Thiamine - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 9 Calcium, mg 19 Iron, mg 1 Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use * * * * *



Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Jan - May Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mother and children. Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12). * Calculated value.

Updated on 12/15/2011 43

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 43 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Erythropalum scandens Blume Local name & other common names: Gawng-chu-na-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 84.2 Energy, Kcal 52 Protein, g 3.7 Fat, g 0.5 Carbohydrate, g 8.0 Fibre, g 7.5 Ash, g 1.1 Vitamin A, RE-μg 156 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 78 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 934 Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 4 Calcium, mg 158 Iron, mg 1.5 Zinc, mg -



Photograph by Peter Kuhnlein


Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: September – October Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available for limited period. It is popular among mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005

Updated on 12/15/2011 44

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 44 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Ficus ischnopodia Mig. Local name & other common names: Ma-dua-nam Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg - Vitamin A, RAE- μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mothers and children Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed

Updated on 12/15/2011 45

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 45 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Gnetum nemon L. var. tenerum Markr. Local name & other common names: Pak-man-mu or Le-khawng-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation: Boiled


Leaves, boiled Moisture, g 83.8 Energy, Kcal 49 Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g 10.4 Fibre, g 8.9 Ash, g 1.0 Vitamin A, RE-μg 369 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 185 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 2215 Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 50 Calcium, mg 52 Iron, mg 1.4 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - December Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005

Updated on 12/15/2011 46

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 46 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Hibiscus esculenta Linn Local name & other common names: Luke-gra-jiap-tao, Okra or lady finger young pod (English) Part(s) used: Fruit or pod Preparation:


Young pods Moisture, g 93.2 Energy, Kcal 23 Protein, g 1.5 Fat, g 0.2 Carbohydrate, g 3.7 Fibre, g 2.1 Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg 133 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 66 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 797 Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg 0.05 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 44 Calcium, mg 11 Iron, mg 0.8 Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: November - December Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available for limited period. This is not a popular food among mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed

Updated on 12/15/2011 47

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 47 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Hibiscus esculenta Linn Local name & other common names: Yod-gra-jiap-tao, Young leaves of lady finger (English) Part(s) used: Young leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg - Vitamin A, RAE- μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: August-September Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available for limited period. It is liked by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed Photo: Ladyfinger leaves.

Updated on 12/15/2011 48

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 48 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Hibiscus sabdaniffa Linn. Local name & other common names: Bai gra jiap dang, Roselle (Red sorrel) (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Seasonality of use

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*




Leaves Moisture, g 85.6 Energy, Kcal 57 Protein, g 1.7 Fat, g 0.1 Carbohydrate, g 12.4 Fibre, g - Ash, g 0.2 Vitamin A, RE - μg 133 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 66.5 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 797 Thiamine, mg 0.01 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 44 Calcium, mg 9 Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -

Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Available throughout the year. This food is popular among mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from ASEAN FCT 2000, Asean ID AAD111 (ref # 1).

Updated on 12/15/2011 49

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 49 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Ipomoea reptans Local name & other common names: Pak-boong, Swamp cabbage, leaves and stems (English) Part(s) used: Leaves and stem Preparation:


Leaves & stem, raw Moisture, g 92.7 Energy, Kcal 26 Protein, g 1.9 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 3.9 Fibre, g 3.3 Ash, g 1.3 Vitamin A, RE - μg 148 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 74 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 889 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 11 Calcium, mg - Iron, mg 2.0 Zinc, mg 0.4




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - December Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: This food item is available throughout the year and favored by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT, 2000, Food ID THD93 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 50

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 50 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Lagenaria siceraria Local name & other common names: Yod-nam-tao, Bottle gourd leaves (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 90.1 Energy, Kcal 27 Protein, g 5.1 Fat, g 0 Carbohydrate, g 2.6 Fibre, g 1.5 Ash, g 0.7 Vitamin A, RE - μg 1 540 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 770 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 9 240 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 95 Calcium, mg 56 Iron, mg 11.5 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: July – September Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by mothers but not popular among children. Source of nutrient data: The data sourced from ref # 6. Item # is 441.

Updated on 12/15/2011 51

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 51 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Lageneria siceraria Local name & other common names: Luke-nam-tao, Gourd, bottle (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit, raw Moisture, g 94.8 Energy, Kcal 20 Protein, g 0.5 Fat, g 0.1 Carbohydrate, g 4.4 Fibre, g 1.5 Ash, g 0.3 Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 2 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg 0.02 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 12 Calcium, mg 13 Iron, mg 0.3 Zinc, mg 0.1





Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: July - September Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: This food is not popular among children. However, it is liked by mothers. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record # THD49 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 52

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 52 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Lasia spinosa L.Thawaites Local name & other common names: Yod-pak-nam, Lasia leaf (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 94.2 Energy, Kcal - Protein, g 1.6 Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g 2.7 Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg 258 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 129 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 1545* Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: November - February Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: The data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, Food ID THD210 (ref # 4). *Carotene value sourced from ref # 10.

Updated on 12/15/2011 53

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 53 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Lemmaphyllum carnosum (J. Sm. Ex Hook.) Local name & other common names: Kawng-thaing-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, boiled Moisture, g 81.2 Energy, Kcal 57 Protein, g 5 Fat, g 1.2 Carbohydrate, g 6.6 Fibre, g 8.2 Ash, g 1.1 Vitamin A, RE - μg 244 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 122 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 1461 Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 4 Calcium, mg 92 Iron, mg 2.7 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: December - January Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 54

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 54 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. Local name & other common names: Ther-khu-mai-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation: Boiled


Leaves, boiled Moisture, g 90.3 Energy, Kcal 35 Protein, g 2.9 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 5.2 Fibre, g 3.6 Ash, g 1.1 Vitamin A, RE - μg 247 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 124 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 1483 Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 5 Calcium, mg 131 Iron, mg 2.2 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: May - June Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 55

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 55 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Local name & other common names: Mak-qua-ted, Tomato (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit Moisture, g 93.4 Energy, Kcal 26 Protein, g 1.0 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 4.8 Fibre, g 1.3 Ash, g 0.5 Vitamin A, RE - μg 68 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 34 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 407 Thiamine, mg 0.07 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 27 Calcium, mg 8 Iron, mg 0.4 Zinc, mg 0.2




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: November - January Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available for a limited time. It is popular food among mothers and children Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data sourced from Thai FCT. Thai food ID THD118 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 56


Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Lycopersicum esculentum Mill Local name & other common names: Mak-qua-som, Cherry tomato, small (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit Moisture, g 93.2 Energy, Kcal 27 Protein, g 1.0 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 5.0 Fibre, g 1.7 Ash, g 0.5 Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg .09 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 33 Calcium, mg 9 Iron, mg 0.5 Zinc, mg 0.2




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: November - January Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is available throughout the year. It is popular food among mothers and children Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data sourced from Thai FCT. Thai food ID THD119 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 57

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 57 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Mangifera indica Local name & other common names: Yod-ma-muong, Mango leaves (English) Part(s) used: Young leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Purchased Seasonality of use: January - March Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children Source on nutrient data: Not analyzed.

Updated on 12/15/2011 58

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 58 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Manihot esculenta, Crantz Local name & other common names: Bai-man-sam-palang, Cassava leaves (English) Part(s) used: Young leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 85.8 Energy, Kcal 56 Protein, g 4.3 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 9.2 Fibre, g 4.8 Ash, g 0.5 Vitamin A, RE - μg 712 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 356 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 4 273 Thiamine, mg Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg 42 Iron, mg 0.6 Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use * * * * * * * * *



Type of procurement: Wild and Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January – September Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children. Source on nutrient data: Nutrient data sourced from Thai FCT 1999. Food ID #: THD137 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 59

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 59 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Marsilea crenata Presl. Local name & other common names: Pak-waen, Water fern, leaves (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 92 Energy, Kcal 27 Protein, g 2.0 Fat, g 0.2 Carbohydrate, g 4.4 Fibre, g 7.0 Ash, g 1.4 Vitamin A, RE - μg 469 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 234 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 2809 Thiamine, mg .03 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg 34 Iron, mg 3.2 Zinc, mg -



Photograph by Peter Kuhnlein


Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mothers and children Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is source from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID #: THD101 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 60

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 60 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Melientha suavis Pierre Local name & other common names: Pak-waon-pa Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:

Nutrient Nutrient Composition/100g (edible portion )

Leaves, raw Moisture, g 86.3 Energy, Kcal 50 Protein, g 1.9 Fat, g 0.1 Carbohydrate, g 10.3 Fibre, g 0 Ash, g 1.4 Vitamin A, RE - μg 619 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 309.4 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 3713 Thiamine, mg .02 Folic acid, μg 7.2 Vitamin C, mg 1 Calcium, mg 35 Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -





Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data sourced from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID THD212 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 61

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 61 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Mormodica chochinchinensis Spreng. Local name & other common names: Yawd-fak-kao or Bai-khai-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, boiled Moisture, g 88 Energy, Kcal 43 Protein, g 5.6 Fat, g 1.0 Carbohydrate, g 3.0 Fibre, g 5.4 Ash, g 1.1 Vitamin A, RE - μg 306 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 153 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 1836 Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 147 Calcium, mg 114 Iron, mg .9 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - December Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source on nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 62

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 62 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Musa sapientum Local name & other common names: Hua-plee, Banana flower (English) Part(s) used: Flower and stem Preparation:


Flower, raw Stem, raw Moisture, g 90.5 95.7 Energy, Kcal 34 13 Protein, g 1.6 0.8 Fat, g 0.5 0.2 Carbohydrate, g 5.9 2.0 Fibre, g 4.3 Ash, g 1.2 - Vitamin A, RE - μg 18.3 - Vitamin A, RAE - μg 9.2 - Retinol, μg 0 - Beta-carotene, μg 110 0 Thiamine, mg 0.02 0.02 Folic acid, μg - - Vitamin C, mg 17 2 Calcium, mg 20 25 Iron, mg 0.5 0.4 Zinc, mg 0.3 -




Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data for banana flower is sourced from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID THD162. The nutrient data for banana stem is sourced from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID THD161 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 63

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 63 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Nymphaea lotus. Linn. Local name & other common names: Water lily, stem (English) Part(s) used: Pods Preparation:


Stem Moisture, g 96.6 Energy, Kcal 12 Protein, g 0.3 Fat, g 0.1 Carbohydrate, g 2.4 Fibre, g 1.7 Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg 7.3 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 3.7 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 44 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 9 Calcium, mg 8 Iron, mg 0.4 Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use


Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID THD146 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 64

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 64 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Ocimum canum Sims Local name & other common names: Hairy basil, leaves (English) Part(s) used: Pods Preparation:


Leaves, fresh Moisture, g 89.2 Energy, Kcal 39 Protein, g 2.8 Fat, g 0.6 Carbohydrate, g 5.5 Fibre, g 5.7 Ash, g 1.9 Vitamin A, RE - μg 558 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 279 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 3348 Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg 0.09 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg 173 Iron, mg 2.1 Zinc, mg 0.6




Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: August - October Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Dislike by children but popular among mothers. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID THD138 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 65

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 65 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Oroxylum indicum Vent Local name & other common names: Lin-fah pods Part(s) used: Pods Preparation:


Pods, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg




Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: August - October Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Dislike by children but popular among mothers. Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed

Updated on 12/15/2011 66

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 66 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Pithecellobium lobatum, Archdendron jiringa (syn) Local name & other common names: Luke-neing, Djenkol bean Part(s) used: Fruit, seeds Preparation:


Seeds Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal 94.2* Protein, g 6.2 Fat, g 0.2 Carbohydrate, g 16.9 Fibre, g 1.3 Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg 23 Iron, mg 0.7 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: June - September Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from RAP publication: Under utilized tropical fruits of Thailand (ref # 7). * Energy value was calculated.

Updated on 12/15/2011 67

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 67 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Psosphocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC Local name & other common names: Tou-poo, Winged bean - young pod (English) Part(s) used: Pod Preparation:


Flower, raw Moisture, g 93.2 Energy, Kcal 26 Protein, g 1.9 Fat, g 0.1 Carbohydrate, g 4.3 Fibre, g 3.9 Ash, g 0.5 Vitamin A, RE - μg 23 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 12 Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg 139 Thiamine, mg 0.08 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 27 Calcium, mg 62 Iron, mg 0.6 Zinc, mg 0.3


Seasonality of use


Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Not known Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Liked by both mothers and children Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999. Food ID #: THD 46 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 68

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 68 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Solanum melongena, L. Local name & other common names: Eggplant/aubergine, green, long (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit Moisture, g 92.9 Energy, Kcal 27 Protein, g 1.0 Fat, g 0.1 Carbohydrate, g 5.5 Fibre, g 2.3 Ash, g 1.7 Vitamin A, RE - μg 7 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 3.5 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 42 Thiamine, mg .06 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 4 Calcium, mg 15 Iron, mg 0.4 Zinc, mg 0.2


Seasonality of use


Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: T Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data sourced from Thai FCT, 1999. Thai food ID #: THD124 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 69

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 69 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Solanum torvum Swartz Local name & other common names: Mak-qua-puong, Solanum (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit Moisture, g 80.9 Energy, Kcal 74 Protein, g 2.8 Fat, g 0.8 Carbohydrate, g 13.9 Fibre, g 13.6 Ash, g 1.7 Vitamin A, RE - μg 17 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 8.6 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 103 Thiamine, mg 0.18 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 18 Calcium, mg 182 Iron, mg 0.9 Zinc, mg 0.2




Type of procurement: Wild/Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is available throughout the year. It is popular food among mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data sourced from Thai FCT, 1999. Thai food ID #: THD122 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 70

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 70 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Solanum xanthocarpum Local name & other common names: Mak-qua-prough, Eggplant, Brinjal (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit, raw Moisture, g 89.9 Energy, Kcal 40 Protein, g 1.5 Fat, g 0.5 Carbohydrate, g 7.3 Fibre, g - Ash, g 0.8 Vitamin A, RE - μg - Vitamin A, RAE - μg - Retinol, μg 0 Beta-carotene, μg - Total, carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 23 Calcium, mg 44 Iron, mg 0.6 Zinc, mg -



Photographs by KPstudio


Type of procurement: Cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular food item among children and mothers Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, record # THD 126 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 71

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 71 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Spilanthes acmella Murr. Local name & other common names: Pak-khrad, Spotflower tree (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 76.6 Energy, Kcal 91 Protein, g 4.9 Fat, g 1.4 Carbohydrate, g 14.7 Fibre, g 4.5 Ash, g 2.4 Vitamin A, RE - μg 618 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 309 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 3708 Thiamine, mg 0.36 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 46 Calcium, mg 680 Iron, mg - Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Jan - September Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: This food is popular among mothers but not known whether children like this food or not. Source of nutrient data: The nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT 1999, Food ID THD198 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 72

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 72 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Spondias pinnata I.f. Kurz Local name & other common names: Yod-ma-gawk, Hog plum (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 77.5 Energy, Kcal 88 Protein, g 3.1 Fat, g 1.0 Carbohydrate, g 16.6 Fibre, g 12.6 Ash, g 1.9 Vitamin A, RE - μg 205 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 102.5 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 1232 Thiamine, mg 0.96 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg 49 Iron, mg 9.9 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: April & May Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mothers and children Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID #: THD111 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 73

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 73 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Tamarindus indica Linn. Local name & other common names: Tamarind, young leaves (English) Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 84.3 Energy, Kcal 55 Protein, g 3.6 Fat, g 0.3 Carbohydrate, g 9.4 Fibre, g 12.6 Ash, g 1.9 Vitamin A, RE - μg 38 Vitamin A, RAE - μg 19 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 228 Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 53 Calcium, mg 19 Iron, mg 1.0 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: April & May Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mothers and children Source of nutrient data: Nutrition Division, Health Department, Ministry of Public Health. 1992. Nutritive Values of Thai Foods. Bangkok, Thailand. War Veterans Press (ref # 14).

Updated on 12/15/2011 74

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 74 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Termitomyces sp. Local name & other common names: Mushroom, Termitomyces sp. (English) Part(s) used: Preparation:


Fruit Moisture, g 86.3 Energy, Kcal 53 Protein, g 4.8 Fat, g 0.7 Carbohydrate, g 6.9 Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg - Vitamin A, RAE- μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg 0.11 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 5 Calcium, mg 9 Iron, mg 2.3 Zinc, mg 1.8


Seasonality of use



Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Nutrient data is sourced from Thai FCT, 1999, Food ID #: THD166 (ref # 4).

Updated on 12/15/2011 75

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 75 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Zehneria maysorensis Arn. Local name & other common names: Tang-preou, cucumber, sour (English) Part(s) used: Fruit Preparation:


Fruit Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg - Vitamin A, RAE- μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg - Zinc, mg



Photographs by KPstudio


Type of procurement: Both wild and cultivated Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: August - April Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Popular among mothers and children Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed.

Updated on 12/15/2011 76

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 76 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Local name & other common names: Phu-ea-du, Thai ginger leaves and flower (English) Part(s) used: Leaves and flower Preparation:


Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg - Vitamin A, RAE- μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg Zinc, mg


Seasonality of use *



Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: September only Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available for limited period. However, it is not known if it is liked by mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed

Updated on 12/15/2011 77

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 77 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unidentified Local name & other common names: Bai-som-po Part(s) used: Preparation:


Moisture, g 81.2 Energy, Kcal 66 Protein, g 4.3 Fat, g 0.36 Carbohydrate, g 11.2 Fibre, g 8.1 Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg 532 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 266 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 3189 Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 3 Calcium, mg 430 Iron, mg 2.1 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 78

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 78 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unknown Local name & other common names: Nawng-wai-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:






Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: April - May Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender:. Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 79

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 79 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unidentified Local name & other common names: Pak-waan-ban Part(s) used: Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g 87.1 Energy, Kcal 39 Protein, g 0.1 Fat, g 0.6 Carbohydrate, g 8.3 Fibre, g 5.2 Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg 546 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 273 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 3275 Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg 0.12 Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 168 Calcium, mg 24 Iron, mg 1.3 Zinc, mg -




Type of procurement: Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Nutrition Division, Health Department, Ministry of Public Health. 1992. Nutritive Values of Thai Foods. Bangkok, Thailand. War Veterans Press (ref # 14).

Updated on 12/15/2011 80

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 80 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unknown Local name & other common names: Ple-la-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation:


Leaves, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg - Vitamin A, RAE- μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg Zinc, mg




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is available throughout the year. It is liked by both mothers and children. Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed

Updated on 12/15/2011 81

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 81 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unknown Local name & other common names: Phu-du Part(s) used: Stems Preparation: Boiled


Stem, boiled Moisture, g 89.6 Energy, Kcal 32 Protein, g 3.0 Fat, g 0.7 Carbohydrate, g 3.6 Fibre, g 5.8 Ash, g 1.4 Vitamin A, RE-μg 35 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 17 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 209 Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 7 Calcium, mg 80 Iron, mg 1.2 Zinc, mg -


Seasonality of use


Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: January - December Cost of production, if known: Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source on nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 82

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 82 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unknown Local name & other common names: Phu-pheng-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation: Boiled





Leaves, boiled Moisture, g 93.6 Energy, Kcal 23 Protein, g 2.3 Fat, g 0.9 Carbohydrate, g 3.3 Fibre, g 4.7 Ash, g 1.1 Vitamin A, RE-μg 6 Vitamin A, RAE- μg 3 Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg 36 Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg 2 Calcium, mg 12 Iron, mg 0.4 Zinc, mg -

Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 83

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 83 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unidentified Local name & other common names: Sa-ni-wa-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation: Boiled






Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available throughout the year. It is liked by mothers but not popular among children. Source of nutrient data: Analyzed at Food Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University, Thailand, May 2005 (ref # 12).

Updated on 12/15/2011 84

COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM DATA TABLE # 84 Food category: Leaves, Flowers and Vegetables Scientific identification: Unknown Local name & other common names: Ya-dee-du Part(s) used: Leaves Preparation: Nutrient Nutrient

Composition/100g (edible portion)

Leaves, raw Moisture, g - Energy, Kcal - Protein, g - Fat, g - Carbohydrate, g - Fibre, g - Ash, g - Vitamin A, RE-μg - Vitamin A, RAE- μg - Retinol, μg - Beta-carotene, μg - Total-carotene, μg - Thiamine, mg - Folic acid, μg - Vitamin C, mg - Calcium, mg - Iron, mg Zinc, mg




Type of procurement: Wild Home harvested or purchased: Seasonality of use: Throughout the year Cost of production, if known: Not known Importance value to the community by age/gender: It is only available throughout the year. It is liked by mothers but not popular among children. Source of nutrient data: Not analyzed

Documents

LEAVES, FLOWERS AND OTHER VEGETABLES - McGill … · LEAVES, FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES (Continued from the Tubers and Roots section) (Please click on the page number to go directly to