Leadership

Leadership versus Management leader? manager?

Leadership Definition:

"Leadership is a function of knowing yourself, having a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking effective action to realize your own leadership potential.“

Warren Bennis, Ph.D., is University Professor and Distinguished Professor of Business Administration at the University of Southern California

"Leadership is the process of persuasion and example by which an individual (or leadership team) induces a group to take action that is in accord with the leader's purpose, or the shared purposes of all."

-John W. Gardner, US administrator; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare 1965-

1968

Operational versus Strategic Leadership 

Strategic planning for the organization's long range

development formulating a strategic vision managing the corporate culture

Operational process of influencing members of an

organization to achieve established long term and short term goals on a day-to-day basis.

Leadership

THEORY X Human beings have an inherent dislike

of work and will avoid it if they can.

The only way to get people to work is tocontrol and threaten them.

People dislike responsibility

Leadership Theory Y

Work is as natural as rest or play.

If a job is satisfying then it leads to commitment to the organization

And good performance.

Under the proper circumstances people accept and seek responsibility.

Theory X managers elicit theory x behavior because of the way they treat employees.

Leadership Flamholtz Leadership Effectiveness

Effective leadership depends on using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situation.

Factors:

1. The leader’s evaluation of the WORK to be done 2. The leader’s evaluation of the PEOPLE doing the work

3. The leader’s balance between emphasis on Work and emphasis on People

Flamholtz Leadership Effectiveness

Factors: Evaluation of the Work to be done How complex are the tasks? How much analysis is required in each situation? How well defined / structured are the tasks? How predictable are the conditions that may

occur?

Low Structure/Low Predictability

High Structure/High Predictability

CLERICAL TECHNICAL MANAGERIAL

Flamholtz Leadership Effectiveness

Factors: Evaluation of the People doing the work Level of job autonomy (ability to do the

work correctly without close supervision) Depends on:

Experience and background Training and education Motivation

Flamholtz Leadership Effectiveness

Effective leadership depends on using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situation.

Factors: Balance between concern for Work and concern for People

Flamholtz Leadership Effectiveness Leadership Styles

Directive (Leader makes the decision alone) Autocratic Declares what is to be done without explanation Benevolent Declares what is to be done with explanation

Interactive (Leader makes the decision with input from others Consultative Gets opinions before making decision Participative Discusses alternatives with others before making

decision

Non-directive (Leader defines the goal and leaves implementation choices to others) Consensus The leader and subordinates have equal voice in

making decisions Laissez-Faire The leader delegates the decision making authority.