Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Acknowledgement of LBNL Acknowledgement of LBNL sponsorssponsors
(who pays the bills)(who pays the bills)
California Energy Commission – PIER California Energy Commission – PIER programprogram
Pacific Gas and Electric CompanyPacific Gas and Electric Company New York State Energy and New York State Energy and
Development Agency (NYSERDA)Development Agency (NYSERDA) US - Environmental Protection AgencyUS - Environmental Protection Agency US – Department of EnergyUS – Department of Energy
LBNL is a DOE Laboratory managed by the University of California – I’m a UC employee.
Keep that in mind for my remarks – I thought I’d never get to say “I’m from the government and I’m here to help”, but since I’m also representing EPA and DOE, I can.
LBNL data center LBNL data center accomplishmentsaccomplishments(Aren’t we done yet?)(Aren’t we done yet?)
Research RoadmapResearch Roadmap Benchmarking and 23 data center case studies Benchmarking and 23 data center case studies Self-benchmarking protocol Self-benchmarking protocol Power supply &UPS efficiency studiesPower supply &UPS efficiency studies Standby generation lossesStandby generation losses Performance metrics – Computation/wattPerformance metrics – Computation/watt Demonstration projectsDemonstration projects EPA report to CongressEPA report to Congress DOE Save Energy Now programDOE Save Energy Now program
Current LBNL Current LBNL internalinternal focus focus
Designing new scientific computing facilityDesigning new scientific computing facility Goals Goals
– Model of energy efficiencyModel of energy efficiency Convened workshop of all supercomputer vendorsConvened workshop of all supercomputer vendors Better projections of future power needsBetter projections of future power needs Pushing the envelop – environmental conditions, power Pushing the envelop – environmental conditions, power
distribution distribution – Leading scientific computing facilityLeading scientific computing facility
First hand exposure to barriers – e.g. First hand exposure to barriers – e.g. inertia, inertia, construction budget vs. total cost construction budget vs. total cost of ownership, of ownership, fear of the unknownfear of the unknown
LBNL design target LBNL design target (how low can you go?)(how low can you go?)
Total Data Center Power/IT Power
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
LBNL’s new supercomputer facility is being designed to achieve a ratio of 1.2
Ratio of Total power to IT power
Ratio of total power to It power
Current LBNL Current LBNL CACA focus focus
Developing Developing LEEDLEEDTMTM type criteria for data centers type criteria for data centers(no bamboo floors)(no bamboo floors)
Evaluating modular and scalable cooling solutionsEvaluating modular and scalable cooling solutions(chill-off)(chill-off)
Promoting use of air economizersPromoting use of air economizers– study filtration optionsstudy filtration options– research failure modesresearch failure modes– collaborate with ASHRAEcollaborate with ASHRAE
Demonstrating spray cool technologyDemonstrating spray cool technology(Back to the future)(Back to the future)
Continuing DC power initiativeContinuing DC power initiative(Edison was right)(Edison was right)
Researching Network Equipment powerResearching Network Equipment power(What’s that bandwidth worth?)(What’s that bandwidth worth?)
no data centers next to volcanoes
LBNL support of LBNL support of FederalFederal programsprograms
EPAEPA activities activities– Report to Congress follow-onReport to Congress follow-on– Energy Star server specEnergy Star server spec– Energy Star buildings – data center metricEnergy Star buildings – data center metric
DOEDOE activities activities– EERE - Save Energy Now EERE - Save Energy Now
Pilot assessmentsPilot assessments Profiler toolProfiler tool Assessment toolsAssessment tools Best practices and trainingBest practices and training
– FEMP – Technical assistanceFEMP – Technical assistance
Findings from EPA report to Findings from EPA report to CongressCongress
Trends in data center energy use Trends in data center energy use Sector consumed about Sector consumed about 61 billion KWh61 billion KWh in in
2006 2006 – Equates to Equates to ~1.5%~1.5% total U.S. electricity total U.S. electricity
consumption and consumption and ~$4.5 billion~$4.5 billion– Federal sector: ~6 billion kWh and ~$450 Federal sector: ~6 billion kWh and ~$450
millionmillion
Projected to increase to Projected to increase to 100 billion kWh100 billion kWh in in 20112011– Equates toEquates to ~2.5% ~2.5% of total U.S. electricity of total U.S. electricity
consumption and consumption and ~$7.4 billion~$7.4 billion
Big and getting bigger
What is US Government’s What is US Government’s role?role?(We’re here to help)(We’re here to help)
EPA & DOE want to be the catalystEPA & DOE want to be the catalyst – Stimulate competition on energy efficiencyStimulate competition on energy efficiency – Foster discussions between key stakeholdersFoster discussions between key stakeholders– Provide key recommendations (EPA Report to Provide key recommendations (EPA Report to
Congress)Congress)– Develop standardized protocols and metrics to Develop standardized protocols and metrics to
measure energy consumption (e.g., ENERGY STAR)measure energy consumption (e.g., ENERGY STAR)
Lead by example - assess and implement best Lead by example - assess and implement best practices in federal datacenterspractices in federal datacenters
Promote initiatives globally Promote initiatives globally
Green Grid - DOE Energy Savings Goal; 10.7 billion kWh/yr by 2011
Source: “Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency Public Law 109-431” US EPA, August 2, 2007
Projected electricity useProjected electricity use
- - Various scenarios 2007 - 2011Various scenarios 2007 - 2011
EPA report EPA report recommendationsrecommendations
Standardized performance measurements for IT Standardized performance measurements for IT equipment and data centers equipment and data centers (your mileage may vary)(your mileage may vary)
– Development of benchmark/metric for data Development of benchmark/metric for data centerscenters
– ENERGY STAR label for serversENERGY STAR label for servers
Leadership by Federal GovernmentLeadership by Federal Government
– Publicly report energy performance of datacenters Publicly report energy performance of datacenters
– Conduct energy efficiency assessments in all Conduct energy efficiency assessments in all datacenters in 2-3 yearsdatacenters in 2-3 years
– Architect of the Capital, implement server-related Architect of the Capital, implement server-related recommendations in Greening of the Capital reportrecommendations in Greening of the Capital report
sustained flops/watt??
Recommendations cont.Recommendations cont.
Private sector challengePrivate sector challenge– CEOs support CEOs support DOE Save Energy NowDOE Save Energy Now
programprogram Information on best practicesInformation on best practices
– Raise awareness and encourage energy Raise awareness and encourage energy efficiency improvements in datacenterefficiency improvements in datacenter
– Government partner with private industry: Government partner with private industry: case studies, best practices case studies, best practices (ASHRAE, Green (ASHRAE, Green Grid, etc.)Grid, etc.)
Research and developmentResearch and development– Develop technologies and practices for Develop technologies and practices for
datacenter energy efficiency (e.g., datacenter energy efficiency (e.g., hardware, software, power conversion)hardware, software, power conversion)
DOE - EEREDOE - EERE Program objectivesProgram objectives
Build tools, expertise, and Build tools, expertise, and strategy in collaboration strategy in collaboration with industrywith industry
Raise awareness of the Raise awareness of the opportunityopportunity
With FEMP, assist Federal With FEMP, assist Federal centerscenters
Recognize industry leadersRecognize industry leaders
Can Science and Efficiency goals both be met?
Paul [email protected]
Contacts/More information
Andrew [email protected]
Bill [email protected]
websites: websites:
http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters/http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters/www.energystar.gov/datacenterswww.eere.energy.gov/datacenters/www.eere.energy.gov/datacenters/
Backup slides
Percentage of electricity delivered to IT equipment
IT Power to Total Data Center Power
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Data Center Number
Ra
tio
Average .57
Higher is better
Source: LBNL Benchmarking
Data Center total electrical demand/ IT equipment demand
Total Data Center Power/IT Power
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Center Number
Rat
io
Average 1.83
Lower is better
Source: LBNL Benchmarking
Performance varies
Data Center Server Load
51%
Data Center CRAC Units
25%
Cooling Tower Plant4%
Electrical Room Cooling
4%
Office Space Conditioning
1%
Lighting2%
Other13%
Computer Loads67%
HVAC - Air Movement
7%
Lighting2%
HVAC - Chiller and
Pumps24%
The relative percentages of the energy actually doing computing varied considerably.
Source: LBNL case studies
Server Load/ComputingOperations
Cooling Equipment
Power Conversion & Distribution
AlternativePower
Generation
• High voltage distribution
• Use of DC power
• Highly efficient UPS systems
• Efficient redundancy strategies
• Load management
• Server innovation
Energy efficiency opportunities Energy efficiency opportunities are everywhereare everywhere
• Better air management
• Move to liquid cooling
• Optimized chilled-water plants
• Use of free cooling
• On-site generation
• Waste heat for cooling
• Use of renewable energy/fuel cells
