Law Enforcement Administration- Notes

8/9/2019 Law Enforcement Administration- Notes

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Law Enforcement Administration

Law Enforcement Administration - the process involved in ensuring strictcompliance, proper obedience of laws and related statutes. Focuses on thepolicing process or how law enforcement agencies are organized and manage in orderto achieve the goals of law enforcement most eectively, eciently and productively.

Law- the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes asregulating the actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties.

Enforcement- means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.

Administration- an organizational process concerned with the implementation ofobjectives and plans and internal operating eciency. Connotes bureaucraticstructure and behavior, relative routine decision-maing and maintenance of the internalorder.

Sir Robert Peel- considered a !father of law enforcement!.

Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles of Policing

". #he basic mission for which the police e$ist is to prevent crime and disorder.

%. #he ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval ofpolice actions.

&. 'olice must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of thelaw to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.

(. #he degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionallyto the necessity of the use of force.

). 'olice see and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion but byconstantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.*. 'oliceuse physical force to the e$tent necessary to secure observance of the law or torestore order only when the e$pertise of persuasion, advice and warning is found tobe insucient.

+. 'oliceat all time should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to

the historic tradition the policeare the public and the public are the police. #he policebeing only full time individuals charged with the duties that are incumbent on all of thecitizens.

. 'olice should always direct their actions strictly towards their functions and neverappear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.

. #he test of police eciency is the absence of crime and disorder not the visibleevidence of police action in dealing with it.

Administration of Police Organization

Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice system that has the speci/cresponsibility of maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society. - comes from 0atin !politia!-civil administration which itself derives fromthe ancient 1ree police !city!

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Administration- an organizational process concerned with the implementation ofobjectives and plans and internal operating eciency.

Organization- a group of persons woring together for a common goal or objectives.

Police Organization- a group of trained personnel in the /eld of public safetyadministration engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes themaintenance of peace and order, protection of life and property, enforcement of thelaws and the prevention of crimes.

Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.

Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing thelaws.

Objectives- refer to the purpose by which the organization was created. 2efer to thegoals of the organization.

Supervision- means the act of watching over the wor or tass of the members of theorganization to ensure that desired results are achieved.

anagement- the process of directing and facilitating the wor of people organized informal groups in order to achieve objectives. 3udicious or wise use of resources4manpower, material,money,e5uipment,supplies and time6.

!ierarc"y- represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates inany given organization. 7erves as the framewor for the 8ow of authority downwardand obedience upward, through the department.

Aut"ority- the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lowerpositions within an organizational hierarchy. 9ust be viewed in terms of prescribed rolesrather than of individuals.: particular position within the organization. Carries the same regardless of whooccupies that position.

anagement#Administrative $unctions". 'lanning%. ;rganizing&.


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process depends upon the 5uality of its leaders.

&(nity of )ommand- subordinate should receive orders from one superior only.

& Scalar )"ain- the hierarchy of authority is the order of rans from the highest to thelowest levels of the

organization. 7hows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which de/nes anunbroen chain ofunits from top to bottom describing e$plicitly the 8ow of authority.

Organizational (nits in t"e Police Organization

*+ $unctional (nits

,ureau- the largest organic functional unit within a large department comprised ofseveral divisions.

'ivision- a primary subdivision of a bureau.

Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.

(nit - functional group within a section or the smallest functional group within anorganization.

-+ .erritorial (nits

Post - a /$ed point or location to which an ocer is assigned for duty.

Route- a length of streets designated for patrol purpose, also called line beat.

,eat- an area designed for patrol purposes whether foot or motorized.

Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route or post.

'istrict- a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with itsown station.

Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designateddistricts.

E/OL(.0ON O$ .!E POL0)0N1 S2S.E

OR010N O$ .!E 3OR' 4POL0)E5

POL0.E0A> 1ree word which means government of the city

POL0.0A> 2oman word which means condition of the state or government

POL0)E> French word which was later adopted by the ?nglish language

.!EOR0ES O$ POL0)E SER/0)E". @;9? 2A0? #@?;2B - policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the eciencyof their functions upon the e$press needs of the people. - policemen are civil servants whose ey duty is the preservation of public peace andsecurity.

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%. C;#D?#:0 #@?;2B - policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities - the people have no share or have little participation with the duties nor connectionwith the police organization.

)ON)EP.S O$ POL0)E SER/0)E

*+ OL' )ON)EP. - police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery - this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is theincreasing number of arrests, throwing oenders in detention facilities rather thantrying to prevent them from committing crimes

-+ O'ERN )ON)EP. - regards police as the /rst line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ ofcrime prevention

- police eciency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes - broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its mission thewelfare of the individual as well as that of the community in general.

EARL2 POL0)0N1 S2S.E

*+ 60N POL0)0N1 - the family of the oended individual was e$pected to assume responsibility for

justice - the family of the victim was allowed to e$act vengeance

-+ E12P. - ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them - created the 9?


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- the primary tas of the things was to protect their village from thieves andanimals - tythings were later organized into 7@D2?7 - a shire was headed by a leader called 7@D2? 2??E?, which is the origin of the wordIsheriJ - their duty was to apprehend oenders

b6 ':2D7@ C;7#:=0?7 - a parish ocial charged with controlling crimes - appointed to serve for one year - duties included organizing watchmen to guard the

gates - during trouble, the watchman would raise a I@A? :< C2BJ, a call to arms where the rest of the parish would stop what they were doing and come to the aid

of the constable.

O'ERN POL0)0N1 S2S.E

*9 EN1LAN'

a+ ,O3S.REE. R(NNERS- a group of men organized to arrest oenders. - organized by @enry Fielding, a magistrate in 0ondon,in "+( in 0ondon, ?ngland. - the name was adopted from the name of the street where the oce of @enryFielding was located. - when @enry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was replaced by his blind brother,

3ohn Fielding

b+ E.ROPOL0.AN POL0)E O$ A). *:-; - the law that created the /rst modern police force in 0ondon ?ngland, called the9etropolitan 'olice

7ervice. - this law was passed through the initiative of 7ir 2obert 'eel, a member of the'arliament - the head5uarters of the 9etropolitan 'olice 7ervice is the 7cotland Bard, nownown as the ew

7cotland Bard

S0R RO,ER. PEEL- recognized as the father of modern policing system.

-+ (N0.E' S.A.ES O$ AER0)A

a+ NE3 2OR6 POL0)E 'EPAR.EN. - created in "() in ew Bor, A7: - recognized as the /rst modern style police department in the A7. - the largest police force in the world - modeled after the 9etropolitan 'olice 7ervice of 0ondon

b+ ,OS.ON POL0)E 'EPAR.EN. - the oldest police department in the A7 - the /rst night watch was established in =oston in "*&". - formally founded in 9ay, ")(.

A(1(S. /OLLER- recognized as the Father of 9odern 0aw ?nforcement for hiscontributions in the development of the /eld of criminal justice in the A7- author of the boo, 'olice :dministration, which served as the basic guide in theadministration of thepolice organization in the A7

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autonomy and community empowerment and monitor compliance thereof(. 'rovide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments, law enforcementand public safety ?stablish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and projects to promote peace andorder, ensure public

safety and further strengthen the administrative, technical and /scal capabilitiesof local government oces and personnel). Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet local emergencies arisingfrom natural and man-made disasters ?stablish a system of coordination andcooperation among the citizenry, local e$ecutives and the


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country &. ?stablish a system of uniform crime reporting (. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile statistical data for accurateassessment of the crime situation and the proper evaluation of the eciency and eectiveness of all policeunits in the country

). :pprove or modify plans and programs on education and training, logisticalre5uirements, communications, records,information systems, crime laboratory, crimeprevention and crime reporting *. :rm, reverse or modify, through the ational :ppellate =oard, personneladministrative actions

involving the demotion or dismissal from the service imposed upon members of the'hilippine ational

'olice by the Chief of the 'hilippine ational 'olice +. ?$ercise appellate jurisdiction through the 2egional :ppellate =oards, overadministrative cases against policemen and over decisions on claims for police bene/ts . 'rescribe minimum standards for arms, e5uipment, and uniforms and, after

consultation with the'hilippine @eraldry Commission, for insignia of rans, awards, medals of honor

. Dssue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining to the dischargeof its own

powers and duties,and designate who among its personnel can issue processes andadminister oaths in connection therewith "N. Dnspect and assess the compliance of the '' on the established criteria formanpower allocation, distribution and deployment and their impact on the community and the crimesituation, and thereafter formulate appropriate guidelines for ma$imization of resources and eectiveutilization of the ''

personnel "". 9onitor the performance of the local chief e$ecutives as deputies of theCommission and "%. 9onitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.

=. :dvise the 'resident on all matters involving police functions and administration

C. 2ender to the 'resident and to Congress an annual report of its activities andaccomplishments during the thirty 4&N6days after the end of the calendar year, which shall include an appraisal

of the conditions obtaining in the organization and administration of police agencies in themunicipalities, cities and

provinces throughout the country, and recommendations for appropriateremedial

legislations


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". ;ne chairperson%. Four regular commissioner&. #he Chief '' as e$ ocio memberoteL &shall serve a term of oce of si$ 4*6 years without reappointment or e$tension &three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector and not

former members of the police or military &the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sectoreither active or retired & at least one 4"6 of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman &from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the EiceChairperson shall be chosen &the Eice Chairperson shall act as the ?$ecutive ;cer of the Commission &refer to the organizational structure of the :';0C;9

0mportant dates in t"e "istory of modern P"ilippine Policing

*;@*- :C# no. "+) of the 'hilippine Commission established the 'hilippineconstabulary on august , "N".*;@> - the 'hilippine constabulary school was established at the sta.lucia barracs inDntramuros on February "+, "N).*;@: - the 'hilippine constabulary school was transferred to =aguio City.*;*


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- depicts sta functions of the organization- responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all accountable to the authorityabove.

7+ L0NE AN' S.A$$- a combination of the line and functional ind

- combines the 8ow of information from the line structure with the sta departmentsthat service, advise, and support them- generally more formal in nature and has many departments

OR1AN0BA.0ONAL PR0N)0PLES

$O(R PR0AL )ON'0.0ONS O$ AN OR1AN0BA.0ON*+ A(.!OR0.2- the supreme source of government for any particular organization- the right to e$ercise, to decide and to command by virtue of ran and position-+ (.(AL )OOPERA.0ON

- an organization e$ists because it serves a purpose.7+ 'O).R0NE- provides for the organizationOs objectives- provides the various actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of theorg. are based on the statement of doctrines8+ '0S)0PL0NE- comprising behavioral regulations

ELEEN.S O$ POL0)E OR1AN0BA.0ON*+ (N0.2 O$ )OAN'- dictates that there should only be ;? 9: commanding the unit to ensure uniformityin the e$ecution oforders

-+ SPAN O$ )ON.ROL- the ma$imum number of subordinates that a superior can eectively supervise

$actors aecting t"e span of controlFa6 0eadership 5ualities of the supervisorsb6 ature of the job and wor conditionsc6 Comple$ity of tasd6 ?ducation and sill of the employees

7+ 'ELE1A.0ON O$ A(.!OR0.2- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position to a lower-level position.

8+ !0ERAR)!2 O$ A(.!OR0.2- the relationship between superiors and subordinates- serves as the framewor for the 8ow of authority downward and obedience upwardthrough thedepartment

!0ERAR)!2- represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates inany givenorganization

>+ SPE)0AL0BA.0ON- the assignment of particular personnel to particular tass

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SPE)0AL0BA.0ON O$ GO,S CAREAS O$ SPE)0AL0BA.0ON9- the designation of certain activities or tass as ones that must be performed in ahighly. technological,scienti/c or precise manner- areas of police specialization include undercover wors, crime sceneoperations, legaladvising,

computer wor, 7M:# operations and others

SPE)0AL0BA.0ON O$ PEOPLE CSPE)0AL0S.S9- the designation of particular persons as having e$pertise in a speci/c area of wor- signi/es the adaptation of an individual to the re5uirements through e$tensivetraining


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of 0uzon under the :lcalde 9ayor

American Period

#he :mericans established the Anited 7tates 'hilippine Commission headed by 1eneral@oward #aft as its /rst governor-general. ;n 3anuary , "N", the 9etropolitan 'olice

Force of 9anila was organized pursuant to :ct o +Nof the #aft Commission. #his hasbecome the basis for the celebration of the anniversary of the 9anilaOs Finest every3anuary th.

A). NO *=> > entitled I:n :ct 'roviding for the ;rganization and 1overnment of anDnsular ConstabularyJ,enacted on 3uly ", "N".

!enry .+ Allen- Captain of the *th A7 cavalry, a graduate of Mest 'oint class "%.Father of the 'hilippine Constabulary.#he /rst chief of the 'hilippine Constabulary in"N".

A). NO *:7- created the 9anila 'olice transferred the administrative control and supervision of

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the D'from the 9inistry of ational


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=.7ector

C. 7ection


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*.S"ift- one of several tours of duty.

++,eat - the primary subdivision of a sector.

.Sector- the primary geographic subdivision of a precinct.

.(nit - subdivision of a section.

"N.SJuad- a subdivision of a unit.

"".'etail- a subdivision of a s5uad.

"%.Section- a primary subdivision of a bureau with a department wide responsibility for

providing a speci/c specialized functions.

AnswersF Administration of PoliceOrganization

". :

%. the most eective%. 9ap 2eading&. 2esearch Mor(. ;perational it is an evaluated and interpreted information concerning an actual

or possible enemy or theater of operations including weather and terrain together with

the conclusions drawn therefrom.

eed #o Gnow 'rinciple > in intelligence dissemination, even a raning law enforcer who

has no business on the classi/ed information is not furnished the report.

;= File > identi/cation, location, and nowing the intents of criminal

syndicates, notorious characters and even people with subversive desires must be made

available for use.

;rder ;f =attle > an intelligence document describing the identity, strength, command

structure and disposition of the enemyHcriminals.

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;rganized crime > it is the combination of two or more persons for the purpose of

establishing criminal activity.

;vert ;peration > if the information or document are procured openly without regard as

to whether the subject of the investigation becomes nowledgeable of the purpose for

which it is being gathered.

'arer > internal aairs is my defense and intelligence is my oensive arm.

'olice Counter Dntelligence > it is the detection, prevention, or neutralization of any

activity inimical to the harmony and best interestof the police organization.

'olice Dntelligence > an evaluated and interpreted information concerning organized crime

and other major police problems.

2econnaissance > to gather speci/c or detailed information at a particular time and place.

2oping > undercover assignment, form of investigation in which the investigator assume a

dierent and unocial identityHcover story in order to obtain information.

7afe @ouse > a clandestine place where the intelligence agent and his superior meet.

7chulmoister > apoleons secret military agent.

7ecurity Dnspection > conducted in order to determine degree of compliance with

established security policies and procedures.

7tool 'idgeon > an individual who sells information to dierent groups of law enforcers.

7trategic Dntelligence > intelligence which is primarily long range in nature with little or no

immediate practical value.

7un #zu > he was the writer of the boo I:rt of MarJ.

7urveillance > to gather general information over a wide area and taes a longer time

frame.

#actical Dnterrogation > a process or method to obtain information from a captured enemy.

Malshingham > protector of 5ueen ?lizabeth.

Milhelm Eon 7tieber > a CD: intelligence ocer who spied for soviet union from ") >

"(, he had perpetrated the costliest breach of security in the agencys history.

Industrial Security Management

RA no+ >8:= - 4as amended by '< no. ""6 - 'rivate security agency law.

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Private 'etective Agency- is any person who for hire or reward or on commissionconducts or carries on or holds himself out as conducting or carrying on a detectiveagency or detective service.

Private 'etective- any person who is not a member of a regular police agency or

armed forces who does detective wor for hire,reward or commission.

PA'PAO- 'hilippine :ssociation of


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Eeterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard or privatedetective.

'erson convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude shall not be employedas security guard or private detective.

'rivate detective, detective agency, security guard, security agency must /rstobtain license from the ''.

?mployees employed solely for clerical or manual wor need not be licensed.

#he license shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and suitable place inthe agency oce.

#he '' shall e$ercise general supervision over the operation of all privatedetective and security guard agencies.

#he CityH9unicipal 9ayors has the power as director of the CityH9unicipal civildefense to deputize private detective and security guards to help maintainpeace and order or prevent or arrest law violators in case of emergency or intimes of disaster or calamity. #hey shall tae orders from the Chief of 'olice forthe duration of the /re, inundation, earth5uaes, riots or other emergency.

: security guard or security agency is entitled to possess /rearms.

Firearm must not be higher than .() caliber.

:gency is entitled to possess /rearm not e$ceeding one /rearm forevery security guard in its employ.

7ecurity guard is entitled to possess not more than one riot gun or shotgun.

Firearms shall be carried by the security guard only during his tour of duty inproper uniform within the compound of the establishment e$cept when heescorts big amount of cash or valuables in or out of said compound.

#he Chief '' shall prescribe the uniform, ornaments, e5uipment andparaphernalia to be worn by the security guards.

Aniforms must be dierent from the ''H:F'.

7alary of security guard - not lower than the minimum wage prescribe by law.

Limitations and Pro"ibitions on a Security Agency

". o agency operating in the City of manila and suburbs may employ more than

"NNN watchmen or

security guards.

%. o agency operating in other cities and /rst class municipalities may employ more

than )NN watchmen

or security guards.&. o agency operating in municipalities other than /rst class may employ more than

%NN watchmen or

security guards.

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(. o person, corporation, partnership or association may organize more than one

agency in any one city

or municipality.

). o agency shall oer, render or accept services to gambling dens or other illegal

enterprises.

*. #he e$tent of the security service being provided by any security agency shall not

go beyond the

whole compound or property of the person or establishment re5uesting the security

service e$cept when they escort big amount of cash.

3"o can 0ssue rules and regulations to carry out t"e purpose of RA

>8:=Mans. the chief '', in consultation with the 'hilippines :ssociation of


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". gates%. doors&. locs

!ow to detect intrusion

". install alarms%. install intrusion detection monitor&. install video monitoring system - e$. cctv

/igiles4in 2ome6 - origin of the watchmen although their principal duty was as a /rebrigade.

Notable security guardsF

". $ran 3ills- detected the Matergate burglars ultimately leading to theresignation of A7 president 2ichard i$on.

.arget "ardening- the reduction in criminal opportunity, generally through the use

of physical barriers, architectural design and enhanced security measures of a

particular location.

'efensible Space- the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment

under the control of its residents.

'emograp"y - the study of the characteristics of population groups.

Principles of P"ysical Security

". :n intruder must be able to ac5uire access to the property in order to bene/t.

%. #he type of access necessary will depend upon a number of variable factors and

therefore may be

achieved in a number of ways.

&. #here is no impenetrable barrier.

(. 7ecurity is built upon a system of defense in depth resulting to accumulated delay

time which may lead

to the apprehension of the intruder.

). ?ach installation is dierent from the others.

- 6inds of ,arriers

". atural

%. :rti/cial

> .ypes of ,arriers

". @uman%. :nimal

&. atural

(. ?nergyH?lectricalH?lectronic

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). 7tructural

7 Line of 'efense

". 'erimeter =arrier - "st line of defense.

%. =uilding ?$terior - %nd line of defense.

&. Dnterior Controls - &rd line of defense.

Perimeter ,arrier - main purpose is to deny or impede access or e$it of unauthorized

persons.

Ot"er Purposes

". Dt de/nes the boundary of the property to be secured.

%. Dt creates a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.

&. Dt delays intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders.

(. Dt assists in a more ecient and economical employment of guards.

). Dt facilitates and improves the control of pedestrian and vehicular trac.

ComponentsL

". #ypes of Fencing 4solidHfull view6

%. #he top guard

&. #ypes of 'rotective :larms 7ystems

(. #ypes of 'rotective and ?mergency 0ightings

). CC#E Cameras and other ?lectronic 7ecurity

7ystemsH?nergy =arriers

,uilding EHterior I )omponentsF

". walls%.


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more dicult to entry of intruders.

,arriers- any line of boundary and separation,natural or arti/cial,places,or serving as

limitation or obstruction.:nything that bars,eep out,obstruct progress,or prevents

encroachment or intrusion.

Structural barriers - features constructed by man regardless of their original intent

that tends to delay the intruder.e$.walls,ceilings,locs,safe,windows.

!uman barriers- guards,charges of 5uarters,oce personnel,shop worers etc. who

stand between the intruder and the matter to be protected.

Animal barriers- usually guard dog.e$. trained 1erman shepherdsused as

guards,goose,and tureys can also be included.

Energy barriers- usually electrical or electronics devices used to provide assistance

to guard personnel.e$. protective lightnings,antiintrusion devices.

$ull view fence- it is designed primarily to prevent physical access between two

areas.Constructed in such a way that visual access is permitted through the fence.

P"ysical Security $eaturesF

".atural barriers - natural terrains features must be considered from the stand point

of their values to

intruder as cover and concealment. ormally the first type considered very often we

have to accept

and wor around them.

%.Fences

a. solid fence - one is constructed in such a way that visual access through the

fenced structure is

denied.

b. full view fence - constructed in such a way that usual access is permitted through

the fence.

Advantages of a full view fence

". removing patrols and stationary guards are able to eep area surrounding of the

installation under observation.

%. it does not create shadows which would provide cover and concealment for the

intruder.

'isadvantages of a full view fence

". Dt allows visual access to the installation, its personnel, its guard and its activities.

%. Dt allows the intruders to become familiar with the movements and the time

schedule of the guard

patrols thereafter allowing him to pic the time for attempting penetration which

would most advantageous to the intruder.

Advantages of solid fence

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System of Employment of Personnel )ontrol 0dentiKcation

". 'ass system - a method used by security to screen visitors or person admitted into

building premises.

%. 7ingle pass or =adge system - the least e$pensive and the least secure.

&. 1roup pass and =adge system - one D< for one group.

(. 9ultiple pass system - separate pass is re5uired for access to various areas in need

e$.color coding

). 7pot magnetized identi/cation passes - a code may be placed in the device and

when passes through a

machine, the code on the device is read, if it contains wrong code or no code at

all,it will alarm.

*. :ccess list - it contains the names of authorized persons or personnel and is

checed against

identi/cation cardssuch as drivers licenses, draft registration etc.

/isitor control - the measures used would depend on the sensibility of the installation

but could include the followingL

". ?scort - e$pensive but most secure

%. #ime traveled - if there is a long delay or time lapse between the departure and

arrival, the visitor may

be re5uired to show cause for the delay.

&. Eisitors logs - should contain identifying data, reasons of visit, time in and hour etc.

(. Eisitors entrances - separate access for visitors and separate for employees .

Atility and maintenance personnel - escort system could be used. Df these people visit

the installations on a regular basis some of the systems previously could be used.

'acage control - there should be provisions made to chec pacages being taen in

and taen out.

'hotography - e$treme caution must be e$ercised in areas where classi/ed information

is displayed to preclude unauthorized taing of pictures of the installation.

/e"icular control and identiKcation

V 9ost common identi/cation is for registering at the head5uarters or gates and

putting of sticer on the windows of the vehicles.

V For visitors,the following systems are usedL ". ?scort

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otherwise he could be stopped and 5uestioned by the guards.

). 7earch of vehicles - sign should be put at the entrance to the installation that any

vehicle

entering is subject to search anytime.

.ypes of Protective Alarm Systems

". Central station system - the control station is located outside the installations.Mhen

the alarm is

sounded by a subscriber, the central station noti/es the police or protection agency.

%. 'roperty system - the control system is located inside the installations with its own

/re/ghter,law

enforcer,ambulance,or bomb disposal unit.

&. 0ocal alarm - the signalling is near the alarm itself. Mhen the intruder enters the

installation,the alarm

goes o scaring the intruder.'urpose is just to scare not to apprehend intruder.

(. :u$iliary alarm - the installation owned the protective alarm with a unit in the

nearest police

station so that in case of need,direct call is possible.

6inds of Alarms

". Dntrusion alarm - any detecting devices using electric and their combinations to

signal an alarm

when actuated.

%. 0aser beam alarm - a laser emitter 8oods the wall or fence with a beam so that

when this beam is

disturbed by a physical object,an alarm is activated

&. 'hotocell alarm - an invisible or visible beam is emitted and when disturbed,it

activates an alarm

or mechanical device that opens a door or lift movable barriers,activated by light.

,asic component of an alarm system

". :nnunciation - the heart of the system of the detecting device and is the

component that

activates the triggering unit.

%. #ransmission - it transmit what is detected.

&. #riggering device - the one which emits those aural or visual signals or both.

Security Survey - #he detailed chec and audit of what an installation or plant does

not have in relation to its protection from hazards.

Security 0nspection - a process where physical e$amination is conducted to

determine compliance with established security policies and procedures as a result of

security survey.

Purpose of security survey

". #o determine e$isting state or condition of security

%. #o locate weanesses and possible defense&. #o determine degree of protection re5uired

Security "azards - an act or condition which result in a situation conductive to a

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breach of the protection system and the subse5uent loss or compromise of defense,

information, company secrets, or damage to property, personnel, or facilities.

!azards- e$posure to loss or injury.

.wo 1eneral )ategories of Security !azards

". @uman hazard - caused by human action. ?$.sabotage, pilferage, theft

%. atural @azard - caused by natural phenomena.

.ypes of !uman !azards

". @uman carelessness

%. :ccident

&.


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illegal access into

installations.

V 'erimeter barrier - a medium or structures which de/ne the physical limits of an

installation or area

to restrict or impede access thereto. :ny physical barrier used to supplement the

protection of the

inside perimeter.

V Dnside 'erimeter - a line of protection adjacent to the protected area and passing

through points of

possible entry into the area. e$. doors and windows

V ;utside perimeter - a line of protection but some what removed from the protected

area. e$.fence

.ypes of Perimeter ,arrier Opening

". 1ates and


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&. 9ovable 0ighting - stationary or portable manually operated search lights.

(. ?mergency 0ighting - duplication of e$isting lighting system that is utilized in the

event of

electric failure.

.ypes of Lig"ting EJuipment

". 7treet lights - used in paring areas

%. 7earch 0ights - highly focused incandescent lamps used to pinpoint potential

trouble spot.

&. Flood 0ights - project light in a concentrated beam used in boundaries and fences.

(. Fresnel 0ights - wide beam units primarily used to e$tend illumination in long

horizontal strips to

protect approaches to perimeter barrier.

Protective Locs and 6eys

". 0oc - a mechanical,hydraulic,electrical or electronic device designed to prevent

entry into a

building,room,container or hiding place and to prevent the removal of items

without the consent

of the owner.

%. 'adloc - portable and detachable loc having or sliding hasp that passes through

a staple ring.

&. 'eterman - : term used in ?ngland for loc picer, safe cracer and penetrators of

restricted areas

or rooms.

.ypes of Locs

". 0ever locs - used in cabinets,drawers,safe deposit bo$.

%.


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persons.

6ey )ontrol - a system of controlling eys devised and regulated for disposal,

storage and withdrawals.

)loseIin Security $ormations

". ;ne 9an 7ecurity - &*N degrees coverage.

%. #wo 9an 7ecurity - ?ach guard has "N degrees coverage.

&. #hree 9an 7ecurity - has e5ual areas of coverage

(. Four 9an 7ecurity

). Five 9an 7ecurity - modi/ed diamond.

*. 7i$ 9an 7ecurity - 4defensive circle6 too much crowd re5uires arm loc formation.

oteL 7i$ 9an 7ecurity is the most eective.

'efensive 0n 'ept" ,arriers

". ;uter 2ing - securing sidewals, in front of 5uarters or oces, covering all

entrances, front,

center, side and rear.

%. 9iddle 2ing - security covering inside 5uarters, oce, residence, all stairways and

elevators.

&. Dnner 2ing - immediately outside the high ris personnel door or the one closest to

the ED'.

%ndustrial &ecurit' (anagement Reviewer $

". #he 'rivate 7ecurity:gency 0aw is nown as

:. 2.:. o. )(+ =. 2.:. o. )(*+

C. 2.:. o. )(+*


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:. 7ecurity 1uard

=. 'rivate 7ecurity :gency

C. 'rivate


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(. :

). the management of eys in a plant, oce or business organization toprevent unauthorized access.

9ain ;ce > all agencies shall maintain a main oce in their registered addresses.

': the government agency that issues licenses for private

*


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and government security guard.

'erimeter =arrier > the /rst line of physical defense of a building, compound, orcomples viewing from the outside.

'eterman > a term used in ?ngland for loc picers, safe cracers and penetrators of

restrictedHprohibited areas.

'rivate any person who does detective wor for hire, reward or commissionother than members of the '', =D, :F', =39' and other law enforcement agency ofthe government.

'rivate Tuali/cations > in addition to those prescribed for a security guard.

". @older of a =accalaureate degreeor =achelor of 0aws%. @older of a degree of =achelor of 7cience in Criminology&. 1aduate of a criminal investigation course oered by the ''.=D or any police

training schoolor detective training with authorizedHrecognized training center.

(. :dvance 2;#CHC9# graduate

'rivate 7ecurity:gency 0aw > 2: )(+

2elative Criticality of ;peration > the importance of an establishment with reference tothe national economy and security.

2elative Eulnerability > the susceptability of a plant or establishment to damage, loss,or destruction of operation due to various hazards.

2estricted :rea > if access is limited only to the authorized.

7afe > a metallic container used for the safeeeping of documents or other small itemsin an oce or installation.

7:17< > 7ecurity :gency in 1uard 7upervisory one who is a holder of a security guard license duly issued by the ''

7ecurity 1uard > Tuali/cations

". Filipino Citizen%. @igh 7chool1raduate

&. 'hysically and 9entally Fit(. :t least " yrs. ;ld but not more than )N yrs. ;ld). @as undergone pre-licensing training course*. 9ust not possess any of the dis5uali/cation for operator or manager.

7ecurity 7ervice Contract > agreementHcontract between the agency and client

stipulating among other things the money to be paid by the client and salary

of individual security guard.

7ecurity 7urvey > also nown as security audit, ris assessment, and vulnerability

assessment.

#op 1uard > this is an additional outwardly inclined structure usually barbed wires

placed above a vertical fence to increase physical protection from intruders of a

certain area.

+


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Eault > a heavily constructed container usually part of a building structure used for

eeping and protecting cash and documents.

Eictimology > a special study concerned with what maes an individual a victim of

crime.

Law Enforcement Administration Review Questions

". #he amount and nature of the demands of the police service

:.Clientele

=.'urpose

C.#ime


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+. Dt is the premier educational institution for the police, /re and jail personnel.

:. 'hilippine 9ilitary :cademy

=.


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is capable of restricting, determine, or delaying illegal access to

an installation.

:. alarm

=. wall

C. barrier


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%N. #he cheapest form of police patrol.

:. =icycle 'atrol

=. Foot 'atrol

C. 9otorcycle 'atrol


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have enough men to cover all the patrol beats. Mhich of the

following will you implementQ

:. assign roving mobile patrol with no foot patrol

=. assign mobile patrols only in strategic places

C. maintain your patrolmen at the station and just wait

for calls for police assistance


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(+. ;ne way of e$tending the power of police observation is to get

information from persons within the vicinity.Dn the police wor,

this is calledL

:. data gathering

=. /eld in5uiry

C. interrogation


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=. loyalty

C. discretion


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=. s5uadron

C. eviction


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+). Dt is the central receiving entity for any citizenOs complaint

against the members and ocers of the ''.

:.


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performing his police duties in conse5uence of an oense and

violation of rules and regulations.

:. dismissal

=. restriction

C. suspension


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. #he re5uired ran for the head of the Fire =ureau.

:. Chief 7uperintendent

=.


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). #he utilization of units or elements, of the '' for the

purpose of protection of lives and properties, enforcement of

laws and maintenance of peace and order.

:. employment

=. deployment

C. assignment


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:. %) years old

=. &N years old

C. &) years old


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=. 2eporting

C. 2elieving


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"%%. Dn an industrial /rm there is a need for document security.:s

security ocer,you can advice management on this aspect

although this is not totally your assigned wor.


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:. =aset

=. Eault

C. 7teel cabinet


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secure a residence or business establishment or both is

:. Matchman

=. 7ecurity guard

C. = only


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"*. @ow many /rearms issued for every two guards employed by

the security agency is allowed by lawQ

:. (

=. &

C. %


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=. 7ecret matters

C. Con/dential matters


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proper use.

:. #ransmission security

=. Cryptographic security

C. Communication security


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". ;ne who steals with pre conceived plans and taes always

any or all types of items or supplies for economic gain.

:. Casual pilferage

=. 7ystematic pilferage

C. 'ilferage


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"*. 2efers to the amount of loss a target would be liely to

sustain through theft and robbery.

:. 2is reduction

=. 'robable ma$imum loss

C. 2is transfer

Documents

Law Enforcement Administration- Notes