LatinAmerica:THEFIGHTFORINDEPENDENCE

StandardSS6H2:TheStudentwillexplainthedevelopmentofLatinAmerica

andtheCaribbeanfromEuropeanColoniestoIndependentNations.

MapoftheSpanish(Red)&Portuguese(Blue)Empires1596-1626

Whatwashappeningatthetimeofcolonizationin

LatinAmerica??

SlaveryinLatinAmerica

• SpanishlookedtotheIndianstomineforgoldandsilverandtogrowcrops.• Indiansbecameinshortsupplybecauseofwarfareanddiseases

AfricanSlaveTrade• SoontheSpanishlookedtoAfricaforlabor.AfricanswerebroughtovertotheAmericasbyboatinthe1500’s.

OverviewofSlaveTrade1500-1900

AfricanSlaveryintheAmericas• Africanswereforcedtoworkinminesandplantationsforover300years!• Slavesoftenenduredroughtreatment.

EffectsofSlaveryinLatinAmerica:

• ManyLatinAmericanshaveancestorsfromAfrica.• ManyLatinAmericancountriesareverypoorbecausemuchofthewealthwasshippedbacktoEurope.

HowdidcolonizationaffectLatinAmerica?

Spanish&PortugueseInfluence• SpanishandPortuguesearethetwomainlanguagesofLatinAmerica.

Languages=Spanish(Green),Portuguese(Orange),French(Blue)

Pre-ColumbianIndianLanguagesstillspokeninthe21st Century

• Quechua(Inca)=Blue• Nahuatl(Aztec)=Red• Mayan(Maya)=Green

ReligioninLatinAmerica• TheIndiansofLatinAmericawereforcedintoconvertingtoChristianity.• ThemainreligionofLatinAmericaisRomanCatholic.Duringthecolonialperiod,thegovernmentsofSpainandPortugalwereRomanCatholic.TheypaidformissionstotheNewWorld(LatinAmerica).

CristoRedentor- “ChristtheRedeemer”(inRiodeJaneiro,Brazil)

LatinAmerica’sIndependenceMovement• ThegovernmentsofSpainandPortugalruledmostofL.A.fornearly300years.

• LatinAmericansruledbyEuropeansbegantofeelrestless.

Independence?• Peoplebegantothinkaboutwhatitwouldbeliketobefree.

• TheAmericanRevolutionin1776gavesomeLatinAmericanstheideathattheytoocouldbefree.

Independence?

• IndependencemovementsbeganinmanyLatinAmericancountries,suchasHaiti,Mexico,Bolivia,andVenezuela;beginninginthe1700’s.

Haiti– ToussaintL’Ouverture

• L’Ouverturewasablackfreedomfighter.

• HeledslaverevoltsinHaiti&laterbecamegovernor.

ToussaintL’Ouverture

• TheFrenchRevolutiongrantedfreedomtoallblacks;L’OuverturewantedthesameinHaiti.

• In1791,theFrenchgovernmentchangeditsmindandtookbackthefreedomofslaves.

• L’OuvertureledaslavearmyanddefeatedtheFrenchArmy!

ToussaintL’Ouverture

• L’OuverturewaslaterarrestedbytheFrenchandsenttoFrance.Hediedinprisonshortlyafter.• Within2years,thepeopleofHaitideclaredtheirindependence.

SimonBolivar

• BolivarwasaleaderinwarsforindependenceinSouthAmerica.

• HeandhisfollowersfoughtagainsttheSpanish.

SimonBolivar

• ThroughBolivar’sefforts,independencewasachievedinthecountriesof:–Bolivia–Colombia–Ecuador–Panama–Peru–Venezuela

SimonBolivar• Knownas“TheLiberator” orthe“GeorgeWashington” ofSouthAmerica.

Bolivar’s birthplace in Caracas, Venezuela (1783-1830)

SimonBolivar’sLegacy• Venezuela’scoinmoneycalledtheBolivar,aswellas100’sofmonumentsthroughoutSouthAmerica.

Mexico– MiguelHidalgo

• KnownastheFatherofIndependenceinMexico

• HewasapriestwholedapeasantarmyagainsttheSpanish.

• Theywonsomebattles,buteventuallyhewascapturedandexecuted.

• Hedidnotlivetoseeindependence.

MiguelHidalgo