Geography revision tick list Geography Paper 1

Topic: Challenge of Natural Hazards Revision Notes

Flashcards Exam Questions

Natural hazards and factors that affect risk

Distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes. Features of destructive, constructive and conservative plate boundaries. How tectonic hazards are managed (3Ps) and why people live in these areas. Measurement of earthquakes.

Case study comparison of L’Aquila, Italy (HIC) and Kashmir, Pakistan (LIC) earthquakes incl. short and long term effects and responses.

Global atmospheric circulation model and causes of tropical storms.

Case study of tropical storm - Hurricane Katrina (USA) – effects, responses and management.

Case study of UK “big freeze” – effects, responses and management.

Evidence for and against climate change and human and natural causes. Economic and social impacts of climate change. Mitigation strategies to reduce impact at local, national and international scale. Methods of adapting to climate change. Link to tropical storms.

Topic: Living World – Hot deserts

Define ecosystems including key components. Describe interrelationship within natural ecosystem using example (hedgerow)

Define and give examples of producers, consumers, decomposers, food chains, food webs and nutrient cycle. Explain interdependence of each and distribution of major global ecosystems (link to global atmospheric circulation model)

Features of tropical rainforests and interdependence. Identify adaptions and threats of deforestation suing case study to explain causes and impacts and identify sustainable management of TRF.

Describe features of hot deserts and interdependence of climate, water, plants, animals and people. Identify adaptions to hot deserts and issues of changing biodiversity in deserts. Challenges and opportunities of living in hot deserts.

Case study (Sahara) including desertification threats and causes and methods of sustainably managing hot desert environments.

Topic: Physical Landscapes in the UK – Coasts and Rivers

Major areas of upland/lowland of UK and major rivers

Coasts: destructive and constructive waves, 4 processes of erosion, weathering processes, transport (longshore drift) and mass movement.

Coastal erosional landscapes (caves, arches, stacks, stumps) and coastal deposition landscapes (beaches, spits, bars). Explain formations and processes.

How the coast is managed – hard and soft engineering with case study of Holderness.

Identify coastal features on OS map using 4 and 6 fig grid references.

Rivers: long profile and cross profiles and changes over upper, middle

and lower course. Vertical and lateral erosion. 4 types of erosion, 4 processes of transportation & deposition.

Fluvial landscape formation including: interlocking spurs, waterfalls, gorges, meanders, oxbow lakes, flood plains, levees. Explain formations and processes.

Case study of UK river (Clyde)

River flooding: discharge and flood hydrographs. 4 factors that increase or decrease river discharge. Hard and soft engineering.

Flooding case study: Boscastle with impacts, responses and evaluation of improvements.

Identify fluvial features on an OS map using 4 and 6 fig grid references.

Paper 2

Topic: Urban Issues and Challenges

Causes and rates of urbanisation in LICs and HICs

Case study: Lagos, Nigeria (LIC). Importance of Lagos nationally and internationally. Reasons for growth. Opportunities in Lagos (health, education, energy, economic development). Challenges in Lagos (squatter settlements – Makoko, water, education, health, congestion, unemployment and crime). How Lagos plans to improve the quality of lives for residents.

Case study: London, UK (HIC). Importance of London nationally and internationally. Reasons for growth. National and international migration. Opportunities in London (cultural mix, recreation, entertainment, employment, urban greening and integrated transport). Challenges of London (inequalities, urban deprivation, derelict buildings, brownfield vs greenfield, housing, urban sprawl, congestion). How London manages growth and regeneration (Lea Valley)

Sustainable living initiatives (BedZED) and management of transport to ease congestion

Topic: Changing Economic World

Methods of measuring development and evaluation of development indicators including Human Development Index.

Demographic Transition Model and links to population and development

Causes of uneven development and ways to reduce the development gap (investment, aid, intermediate technology, Fairtrade, debt relief and microfinance).

Case study of tourism as method of reducing development gap (Kenya)

Case study: India (LIC). Role of India regionally and internationally. The political, social and cultural context of India. The industrial structure in India and how manufacturing stimulates development with the role of transnational corporations in India. Describe India’s trading relationships. Evaluate aid to India. Describe the environmental consequences of development in India and evaluate impact of economic development on population growth.

Case study: UK (HIC). Industrial structure of the UK and reasons for

deindustrialisation and impacts of the growth of the tertiary sector. Explain how industry is being made more sustainable and evaluate role of science parks. Explain the impacts of population growth on a rural area and describe the impacts of de-population. Describe the changes to the transport infrastructure in the UK.

Describe North – South divide in the UK. Evaluate regional differences.

Explain UK’s global links through trade, culture, communication and political groupings such as the EU. Analyse the UK’s interdependence because of globalisation.

Topic: Challenge of Resource Management (Food)

Importance of food, water and energy to economic and social wellbeing. Global distribution of resources and reasons for uneven distribution.

Describe distribution of resources in UK. Explain changing demand for food, food miles, agribusiness and how food supply can be more sustainable.

Explain areas of water surplus and deficit in UK and methods of water transfer. Explain issues of pollution and water quality and sustainable water management

Explain UK’s energy mix. Describe changes to supply and demand and growth of demand for renewable energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Describe economic and environmental issues with exploitation of energy resources

Describe global food surplus and deficit. Explain why food demand is increasing. Explain and evaluate food supply issues, including climate, location, poverty and over-farming. Explain issues arising from food insecurity such as malnutrition.

Evaluate methods of sustainable food supply including agroforestry in Mali and Thanet Earth in the UK. Explain how food supply can be sustainably managed including hydroponics, appropriate technology, irrigation, organic farming and urban farming.

Paper 3

Topic: Issue Evaluation

Pre-release material (week commencing 19/3/18)

Topic: Fieldwork

Analyse and interpret fieldwork results

Describe choice of techniques and evaluate effectiveness

Explain choices for fieldwork enquiry